Construction OSH Management Guidelines - Amree Bin Ghazi Construction Safety Division Department of Occupational Safety and Health
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Construction OSH Management
Guidelines
Amree Bin Ghazi
Construction Safety Division
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
Pilot Project On OSHCIM
2
What is the contributing factors to
accident/incident?
3
Slope Failure , Tanjung Bungah , 2017
• Failure to identify risk
• Failed to recognize the
significance of earlier
incident
4
Falsework failure, Penang, 2013
• Installation of falsework
component
• Falsework system
unstable(curved, skewed)
• Unclear method
statement
• Lack of information on
falsework design
• Failed to recognize
complexity of the work
5
Falsework failure, JB, 2013
• Installation of falsework is
not according to design
• Lack of competence
people during installation,
inspection
• Insufficient SOP during
concreting – no person to
inspect while concreting,
inspection must be done
before concreting
6
Roof structure collapse, Terengganu 2013
• Incomplete method • Failure to recognize the
statement – significance of previous
MS2318:2012 report
• Incompetent contractor • Failure to recognize the
• Failure to identify risk due complexity of work
to change of process
7
Viaduct toppled during installation, Selangor,
2014
• Lack of supervision
• Failure to identify risk due
to change of process
• Lack of inspection and
testing
• Effective communication
failure
• Lack of sub-contractor
management
• Unsafe SOP
8
Fatal accident cases from the
DOSH’s website
(http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/fatal-accident-case)
If you analyse the cases, you will
realise that:
Accidents are commonly repeating
Lower level of control measures are commonly
cited
Ensuring safety needs common sense
HSE Research Report 2003
105 key elements to construction safety Managing the risks by applying the risk management approach and the general principles of prevention; Appointing the right people and organisations at the right time; Making sure everyone has the information, instruction, training and supervision they need to carry out their jobs in a way that secures safety and health; Duty holders cooperating and communicating with each other and coordinating their work; and Consulting workers and engaging with them to promote and develop effective measures to secure safety, health and welfare
12
Fundamental to future
construction legislation
Catalyst for improving industry’s
poor OSH performance
Signify policy shift – self-regulated,
cooperation, performance-based
approach, duty holders
13Occupational Fatalities 1999-2017
1200
1004
958
1000
858 822 846
755
800 716 696 754 730 746 689 726
668 688 650
582 617 573
600
400
187
146 159 140 160
200 89 88 95 81 81 64 76 113 88 109 73 84 89
47
0
Construction All Industries
Source: DOSH, SOCSO, DoL, CIDB
14Occupational Fatality Rate 2011-2017
14 12.78 12.9
12 10.94
9.62
10
8 7.26
6.75
6.27
6
6.17
4 4.84 4.84
4.64 4.62 4.49
4.21
2
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: DOSH Construction All Industries
15Characteristics of the industry
transient foreign
multifacet complex dynamic
work sites workers
stage and multiple
labour complex
fragmented process contractors/
intensive product
dependent employers
work and
movement of movement of varying
people are contractual
people and people and arrangement working
constantly
plant plant culture
changing
16Biggest challenges to OSH in construction
Changing the working culture of
stakeholders
Primary responsibility lies with
business who creates risk
DOSH should influence &
encourage - punitive actions only
to deter
17Construction OSH Management Guidelines -
Significance
Managing OSH at planning and
design stage is more effective
Provide practical guidance to the
client, designer and contractor
OSH is shared responsibilities &
team work to design hazards out
18Ability to influence safety1
Encourage all parties to take responsibility,
by better planning, design & management
Those who can influence OSH during
project lifecycle are made responsible
OSH should be treated as an essential, but
normal part of the project
19
1 R. Szymberski, “Construction Project Safety Planning” TAPPI Journal, 1997.Construction OSH Management Guidelines -
Significance
Across US, 42% of construction fatalities were
related to design issues between the years 1990
and 20031
A 1991 study done in Europe found that 60% of
fatalities were the result of decisions made
before the site work even began2
63% of all fatalities and injuries could be attributed
to design decisions of lack of planning3
1 Behm, M., Linking construction fatalities to the design for construction concept (2005)
2 European Foundation for the Imrpovement of Living and Working Conditions (1991)
3 NSW WorkCover, CHAIR Safety in Design Tool, 2001 20Ability to influence safety1
Conception Detailed Design Procurement Construction Start Up
High
Maximum
return on
efforts Maximum
resources
Ability to Influence deployment
on safety
Costs
Resources
Low Deployed
Project Schedule 21
1 R. Szymberski, “Construction Project Safety Planning” TAPPI Journal, 1997.Construction OSH Management Guidelines -
Overview
22Construction OSH Management Guidelines -
Fundamental
the right information
for the right people
at the right time
23Appointing the right people and organisations at
the right time
1. Individual competency
• Those appointed must have the skills, knowledge, training and
experience to carry out the work they will be employed
2. Organisational capability
• Appointed organisation must have the policies and systems in place to
set acceptable safety and health standards which comply with the law,
& resources and people to ensure the standards are delivered
3. Right time
• Appointing consultant or contractor at the right time, so that they have
enough time to plan and manage for safety and health
24Appointing the right people and organisations at
the right time
.
• In a proposed mix development, a client required five
high-rise buildings to be designed and connected at the
mid and top floors via curved sky bridges.
.
• The client initially appointed a building designer for the
design, but subsequently realised that the building
designer did not have the experience and knowledge to
design the curved sky bridges.
.
• The client then appointed a bridge designer to design
the curved sky bridges while the building designer
designed the building.
25Appointing the right people and organisations at
the right time
A client awarded a contract to a principal
contractor for the demolition of an old shopping
complex.
While it was unknown during the tender stage, it
was later discovered that the building that was to
be demolished had a pre-stressed floors.
With this new information, the principal contractor
would need more time to engage and work with
contractors who are pre-stressed specialists to
help demolish this building.
Hence, the client should provide the principal
contractor with additional time and resources to
resolve this situation.
26Appointing the right people and organisations at
the right time
Ensure persons who are
appointed are competent
Not accept in appointment
unless they are competent
All person
should:
Not instruct a worker to carry
out/ manage design/ work
unless he is competent
27Managing the risk by applying the risk
management approach & general principles of
prevention
Avoidance of risks
Eliminations of hazards or substitution for something
less hazardous Hazard
Prevention
Reducing or limiting the duration of exposure to the through
hazard Design
Isolation/ segregation
Engineering controls
Safe systems of work
Training and information
PPE
Welfare
Monitoring and supervision
28Managing the risk by applying the risk
management approach & general principles
of prevention
1. Avoid risks
2. Evaluate risks which cannot be avoided
3. Combat the risks at source
4. Adapt the work to the individual
5. Adapt to technical progress
6. Replace dangerous by non-dangerous or less
dangerous
7. Develop a coherent overall prevention policy
8. Give collective protective measures priority over
individual protective measures
9. Give appropriate instructions to employees
29Managing the risk by applying the risk
management approach & general principles of
prevention
Avoid risk where possible;
evaluate those risks that cannot be
avoided; and
put in place proportionate measures
that control them at source.
30How designer can contribute to safety?
Parapet vs. roof anchor1
• The study compared the cost and risk of installing parapet
system or roof anchor system to prevent falls from roof edge
hazard.
• The parapet system was found to be an expensive, but safer
alternative compared with the roof anchor system.
• The roof anchor system is the least expensive option, but the
fall hazard is not eliminated when using a personal fall arrest
system. A fall restraint system should be used to prevent the
fall, but not feasible for all roofs.
• The roof anchor system creates more risk during installation of
temporary guardrails, and reduces productivity by 15%
• Both the anchor and parapet options do not affect the quality
of the product.
• Study allows owners and designers to make an informed
decision while choosing design solutions
31
1 Rajendran & Gambatese (2013), Risk and financial impacts of prevention through designs solutions.Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
Information Instruction Training Supervision
Required level will depend on the risks involved in the
project, complexity and scale of the project and the
Information Instruction Training Supervision
level of skills, knowledge, training and experience of
the workforce
32Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
PRE- CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND
CONSTRUCTION PHASE PLAN HEALTH FILE
INFORMATION
• Des c r iption of the • A brief des c ription of
• Des c ription of the pr oj ec t; the work c arried out;
proj ec t; • Saf ety and health • His toric s ite data;
• Client’s m anagem ent of the • Any hazards that
c ons iderat io ns and wor k ; have not been
m anagem ent • Identif ic at i on of elim inated ;
requirem ents ; s ignif ic ant s ite ris k s . • Inves tiga t io n reports
• Environm ent a l & rec ords ;
res tric tions and • Statem ent of des ign
ex is ting on - s ite r is k s ; philos op h y, k ey
• Signif ic a nt des ign s truc tural princ ipl es ;
and c ons truc tio n and etc .
hazards ; and etc .
33Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
Information Instruction Training Supervision
Workers are provided with information and instruction that include:
a. suitable site induction;
Information Instruction
b. emergency procedures; and
Training Supervision
c. information on hazards, risks and control measures put in place.
34Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
Information Instruction Training Supervision
Establishing training needs to workers:
a. assess the existing safety and health skills, knowledge, training
and experience;
Information
b. compare these Instruction Training
attributes with the range Supervision
of skills, knowledge,
training and experience they will need for the job; and
c. identify any shortfall between (a) and (b). The difference between
the two will be the ‘necessary training’.
As a general rule, if the person being assessed demonstrates the
required qualities, no further training should be needed.
35Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
Information Instruction Training Supervision
Appropriate supervision must be provided.
a. Closer supervision if they are inexperienced/ starting new work
b. Assess level of safety awareness, education, physical agility,
Information Instruction
literacy and attitude
Training Supervision
Let them know how to get supervisory help, even when supervisor is
not present.
BOWECS Reg. requires SSS and CSS, for several work activities
designated person must be appointed to provide supervision
36Everyone cooperating and communicating with
each other and coordinating their work
Cooperating
• to ensure safety and health
• to ensure everyone complies with the law
Communicating
• to make sure everyone understands the risks and the
measures to control those risk
• between main coontractors of different sites
Coordinating
• among sub-contractors who start at different stages
• flow of information and instruction
37Everyone cooperating and communicating with
each other and coordinating their work
Review meeting by clients
with designers and contractors, who may affect design,
construction and maintenance at various key stages of
the project
during which indentified foreseeable design risk, if not
eliminated, is reduced, and residual risks are recorded
and communicated
is typically conducted during pre-construction phase, but
can be done during construction phase
looks at design risks which begins on the drawing board,
and considers how a building or structure can be
constructed, maintained, cleaned and demolished safely
38Everyone cooperating and communicating with
each other and coordinating their work
During the review, one of the items discussed was
the installation of glossy ceramic floor tiles
which would get wet and slippery during washing
or when water got spilled onto them, in the
kitchen, cold rooms and toilet areas
Installation of the tiles in these areas would
possibly lead to cleaners or kitchen staff slipping
or falling
With this consideration, the team agreed that
floor finishes at these areas should be of non-slip
material to reduce the risk of slips and falls
39Consulting workers and engaging with them to
promote and develop effective measures
It is required under the law!
Consultation and
engagement
Helping spot workplace risks and
knowing what to do about them
Making sure safety and health
controls are appropriate
Increasing level of commitment to
working in a safe and healthy way
40MILESTONE FOR OSHCIM 2017 - 2020
Launched by HR Promotional Embedded into
Minister works CITP
(28 Feb 2017) (since Mar 2017) (Jun 2017)
Development of Embedded into
Implementation of
Training Construction OSH
Training Modules
Modules for Duty Strategic Plan
(2019)
Holders (2018) (Nov 2017)
• Training modules for client, designer, contractors
• Case study
• Industry/professional involvement
Enactment of
Enforcement of
OSHCIM
OSHCIM and
regulations and
ICOP (post 2020)
ICOP (2020)
• OSHCIM becomes mandatory 41Good practices
43
44
Thank You Q&A
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