FERS-5200 PLATFORM FOR LARGE SIPM ARRAYS READOUT: HISTORY, CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS - CERN ...
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FERS-5200 platform for large SiPM arrays
readout: history, concepts and applications
Yuri Venturini (y.venturini@caen.it)
NuFact 2021 - 22nd International Workshop on neutrinos from accelerators
Cagliari (Italy) - Sept 6-11th, 2021
Summary • ICARUS and CAEN: the beginning of the story • SiPM readout with DT5702 and DT5550W • FERS-5200 – concept • FERS-5200 – testing • FERS-5200 – applications and use cases REPRODUCTION, TRANSFER, DISTRIBUTION OF PART OR ALL OF THE CONTENTS IN THIS DOCUMENT IN ANY FORM WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 2
ICARUS and CAEN
• Top and side Cosmic Ray Tracker for
ICARUS neutrinos hunter is based on
scintillating fibers/planes coupled to
SiPMs
• CAEN provided a compact solution for
SiPM readout, based on Weeroc CITIROC
chip
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ICARUS and CAEN
Side CRT Top CRT
• Readout on both fiber ends • 125 CRT modules, each including two scintillation
• 172 scintillating modules → 6880 SiPM ch. total layers
• Each top CRT module is readout by one DT5702
board making logical OR of 16-paired channels
+coincidence between layers
https://indico.fnal.gov/event/18126/contributions/46095/attachments/28712/35484/FarDetectorCRT_Status_Sept_2018.pdf
More than 300 CAEN DT5702 successfully deployed!
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Lessons learnt
• SiPM technology widely and quickly spreading in particle physics experiments
• ASICs as a turnkey solution to build high channel density readout systems
• 32-channels CITIROC ASIC by Weeroc extensively tested and demonstrated to work well for huge
SiPM experimental setups.
• Intermediate stage: more channels into one single compact board (up to 128 ch.)
DT5550W, based on CITIROC or PETIROC
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DT5550W for cosmic ray tomography
• Laboratory prototype of a muon tomography
scanner made by the University of Tartu and
the start-up company GScan (Estonia)
• The device can successfully detect and classify
5x5 cm objects of different materials – TRL 4
• Based on multilayer scintillator fibers array read
by 8x DT5550W-PETIROC and 1x A1702
Each bar coupled to Hamamatsu 1.3x1.3 mm2 SiPM.
• Plans to scale-up the system for usage in real
security scenarios involving people and
vehicles
→ Need for more MODULAR,
FLEXIBILE and SCALABLE electronics
https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.12542
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DT5550W for clinical applications
• WPET ATTRACT project: Wearable Positron Emission Tomography
goal is to study the feasibility of a modular PET system that is portable,
low cost, flexible, life saving, widely accessible and adaptable to early
cancer screening.
• Fully operational prototype tested, 64 (8 X 8) channels Hamamatsu
SiPM matrix with 3x3 mm LYSO 10 mm thick read out by DT5550W -
CITIROC board, for a total of two modules (128 channels). Detection of
Na22 coincidences to resolve the position of 1mm2 source
Each bar coupled to Hamamatsu 1.3x1.3 mm2 SiPM.
→ Need for more MODULAR,
FLEXIBILE and SCALABLE electronics
https://phase1.attract-eu.com/showroom/project/wearable-pet-wpet/
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DT5550W for astrophysics
• AMEGO: All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray
Observatory is an astrophysics Probe-mission concept
to explore the MeV sky
• Small-size prototype being built and tested: the
instrument is surrounded by a
plastic anti-coincidence detector (ACD) to veto the
cosmic-ray background
• ACD consists of 5 plastic scintillator panels read out by
2x2 arrays of SensL C-series SiPM. Electronics readout
made by DT5550W-CITIROC (64 channels)
• Plans to achieve a larger detector size in the final
mission design
→ Need for more MODULAR,
FLEXIBILE and SCALABLE electronics https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.03105.pdf
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1/10 Gb/s Eth, USB 3.0
The new way:
FERS-5200 4.25 Gb/s TDlink
• Modular readout of large arrays of detectors Analog Signals
• Compact FERS units: front-end + digital
• TDlink: 4.25 GB/s Optical link providing 100 Mb/s Eth, USB 2.0
Readout, Slow Control, Synchronization
• Easy-scalability:
1 FERS unit = 64/128 ch
1 Concentrator = 8k/16k channels
• Stand Alone version for Evaluation => scale
up to 10k/100k channels with same
electronics
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FERS-5200 flexibility
A flexible architecture for a wide range of potential applications:
Silicon Strip Detectors
SiPM
DETECTOR SPECIFIC COMMON INFRASTRUCTURE
Multi- wire chambers Same infrastructure, different Front-Ends
by quick integration of different ASICs
Micromegas, GEMs
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 10NEW A5202: 64 channel SiPM readout
• Based on two ASICs Citiroc 1A (by Weeroc)
Detector Inputs
• Energy and timing measurements: single p.e. energy FE ASICs
resolution and 0.5 ns resolution event timestamp
ADCs
• Embedded HV bias (20-85V) with temperature feedback.
• Different readout protocols: USB, Ethernet, TDLink
HV BIAS
FPGA +12V
I/Os
DT5202 desktop version available
Eth
Ideal for prototyping phase TDlink
USB
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 18/01/2021 11Connectors and Cables
A5250
A5251
• Micro-coaxial extension cable for detector remoting
• Detached electronics simplifies the connection to cold detectors
• Edge connector: optimal fit for feed-through flanges
A5253
• Different types of interchangeable end connectors + custom made easily
• Easy fitting of geometrical constraints – matrices or dispersed SiPMs
A5260
Custom PCB
REPRODUCTION, TRANSFER, DISTRIBUTION OF PART OR ALL OF THE CONTENTS IN THIS DOCUMENT IN ANY FORM
WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 12Qualification of A5202
➢One A5202 board
➢SiPM Matrix Hamamatsu S13361-3050AE-08
➢CAEN SP5601 LED Driver
Imaging
Staircase SiPM spectrum with photopeaks
REPRODUCTION, TRANSFER, DISTRIBUTION OF PART OR ALL OF THE CONTENTS IN THIS DOCUMENT IN ANY FORM
WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 13Measurement of Cosmic Ray Energy Loss
Preliminary measurements with one A5202 board. Setup:
➢Two 4.8 cm x 4.8 cm x 1 cm plastic scintillators, each one
coupled to a Hamamatsu S13360-6050CS SiPM
➢Two channel coincidence (implemented at firmware level)
used as trigger for PHA acquisition Landau from relativistic muons loss of energy
clearly visible
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 14Work in progress
Landau distribution of
Cosmic Rays in ToT mode
Muon lifetime with plastic scintillators
Energy loss along a cable with remote SiPM
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 15FERS in dual readout calorimetry
• Development and testing of IDEA dual readout fiber
calorimeter, exploiting SiPM technology and CAEN
A5202 board.
• Future biomedical applications to have real-time, in-
vivo dosimetry images for oncological
brachytherapy treatment
• 320 SiPMs read out using five CAEN A5202
• Successful qualification of a module on beam with
EM shower containment @Desy (June 2021) and
@CERN (August 2021)
• Plans to scale-up the system to handle more SiPMs
for hadronic containment
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CAEN A5202 demonstrated to work for SiPM calibration and lead to excellent results in the linearity of
the calorimeter response and EM shower containment
Calorimeter linearity up to 6 GeV
HG calibration: from adc to Ph-e
Each bar coupled to Hamamatsu 1.3x1.3 mm2 SiPM.
EM shower projection
Courtesy of R. Santoro
https://indico.ihep.ac.cn/event/14967/contribution/1/material/slides/0.pdf
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• Muon tomography scanner, suitable for nuclear waste
characterization, by Lynkeos Technology (Scotland)
• First design with MA-PMTs detectors and MAROC chip readout
• Device successfully deployed at Sellafield site (UK)
• Upgrading to SiPMs detectors in 2021 – readout electronics based on
FERS Each bar coupled to Hamamatsu 1.3x1.3 mm2 SiPM.
First-of-a-kind muography for nuclear waste characterization
D. Mahon et al.
Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A, 377 (2018), p. 0048, 10.1098/rsta.2018.0048
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• CAEN is the coordinator of the MICADO project,
aiming at developing reference processes and
instrumentation for clining and
decommissioning operations in nuclear power
plants
• Detection system for gammas and neutrons,
based on SciFi & SiLiF detectors
• SciFi readout with FERS electronics (SiLiF with CAEN
Each bar coupled to Hamamatsu 1.3x1.3 mm2 SiPM.
V2740)
• Thanks to the modular structure, the instrument
can be used for the radiological monitoring of
the waste during storage
https://www.micado-project.eu/
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 19Conclusions • CAEN is committed to provide solutions for the readout of SiPM, now in a fully modular and scalable way • The FERS-5200 system is based on well-established ASIC technology, given as a ready-to- use tool. No more electronics integration tasks for the users! • CAEN and Weeroc partnership ensures a golden-level technical support • More FERS-5200 “flavours” will come in the next months, to tailor the platform to other kind of detectors and applications • Next COMING SOON: 64-ch/128-ch FERS unit with CERN picoTDC ASIC for ps timing REPRODUCTION, TRANSFER, DISTRIBUTION OF PART OR ALL OF THE CONTENTS IN THIS DOCUMENT IN ANY FORM WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 20
Thank you for your attention Any question/curiosity? y.venturini@caen.it
Backup slides
The old way: •
•
Front End Preamplifiers close to the detectors
Long cables bring analog signals to readout electronics (ADC, TDC, etc.)
rack electronics
in racks
• PROBLEMS: Signal attenuation, noise pick-up, ground loops, cost of
cables, geometry constraints
Racks with readout
electronics (analog/digital)
Detector Array
DAQ
Long
Multiwire
Cables Network
Analog FE
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WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 23x5202: 64 channel SiPM readout
• Programmable gain and shaping time for High Res PHA (Multiplexed A/D, max Trg Rate = 100 Kcps)
• Individual discriminator thresholds: down to 1/3 p.e.
• Discriminator outputs for high counting rate (20 Mcps), Time stamping (0.5 ns) and ToT (low res PHA)
• Acquisition modes: photon counting, spectroscopy mode (PHA), timing mode (channel ID + Tstamp + ToT
A5202
Temp-feedback
Temp
Sens Bias Vset, Vmon, Imon
Vbias T0-IN
20-85V
x2 Start T0-OUT
Stop
CITIROC (ASIC) TDC T1-IN
x32
T1-OUT
Bias Adj. Sh.Time
DAC SLOW Peak MUX ADC
ADC
SHAPER Stretcher 12 bit
SiPM CLK, TRG, DATA TDlink
x32 Gate
PRE FPGA
Sh.Time TRG[63:32]
Gain
FAST 32 TRG[31:0]
Eth 10/100
SHAPER
DISCR
TEST
OR
uC
SiPM THR
Trg Thr DAC USB 2.0
x32 Config
+5V
TP-IN + Pulser
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 24x5202: acquisition modes
• Spectroscopy Mode (PHA):
• A/D conversion of the pulse height (preamp + shaper + peak hold + mux + 14 bit ADC)
• Common trigger (int. or ext.)
• Zero suppression with programmable thresholds
• Max trigger rate = 100 kHz (dead time = ~10 µs per trigger)
• Counting Mode (e.g. photon counting in SiPMs):
• Counters fed by fast discriminator signals
• Simultaneously latched at programmable time frames and saved to memory (MCS mode)
• Counting rate up to ~20 Mcps/ch
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 25x5202: acquisition modes
• Timing Mode (List of Tstamps and/or Time over Threshold):
• Independent hit recording: channel ID + timing (0.5 ns resolution)
• Common start or common stop (int/ext T-ref signal)
• Gating mode
• Optionally, ToT (0.5 ns resolution) provided for low resolution PHA: Charge Resolution = 1.5%
• Max total hit rate = ~50 Mcps/board
• Spectroscopy and Timing mode (List of PHA + Tstamps and/or ToT)
COMING SOON
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 26A5202: readout modes
• Common Trigger Mode
• FERS units: generate a trigger request (typically OR of channel discriminators)
• Data Concentrators: receive and combine requests from all units and generate the Global Trigger
• Event Building and data reduction takes place in the ARM processor of the Data Concentrator
• Trigger-less Mode (independent channel acquisition)
• FERS units: each channel pushes data asynchronously, typically at different rates
• No trigger and data correlation in HW. Events reconstruction in DAQ.
• ARM processor running Linux and local DDR memory available in Data Concentrator
• High throughput data transfer to host computers via 10 GbE or USB 3.0
• Users can run custom routines for data handling in the embedded ARM
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 18/01/2021 27SiPM readout with x5202 - Janus Software
CAEN Janus software is free and available for A5202/DT5202 multi-board control and data acquisition:
➢GUI available for a quick and easy start
➢Open-Source for user customization
➢SiPM HV fully controllable by the software
➢Management of the acquisition parameters of all connected boards
➢Special runs (staircase, parameter sweeps) for SiPM characterization
➢Multi parametric Jobs and Runs with time or counts preset
➢Data saving of lists in .bin, .txt format
➢Statistics and Spectra visualization
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 28SiPM readout with A5202 – Staircase Example for the trend of the number of events triggered as a function of the threshold: ➢No LED Driver used Dark Count Rate only ➢Each stair correspond to a different number of photoelectrons triggered REPRODUCTION, TRANSFER, DISTRIBUTION OF PART OR ALL OF THE CONTENTS IN THIS DOCUMENT IN ANY FORM WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 29
SiPM readout with A5202 – ToT
The Time over Threshold (ToT) of the pulse allows to
reconstruct the energy information as well with some
advantages:
➢Greater dynamics to higher amplitude signals w.r.t.
PHA
➢Independent channel acquisition (trigger-less data
streaming)
➢Lower dead time Higher acquisition Rate
➢Photopeaks clearly visible and well resolved despite
the lower resolution (~ 1/3) w.r.t. PHA using the
same setup
SiPM ToT spectrum with the clearly visible photopeaks
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 30In-built sparse event readout
TRG 1, 2, 3, 4
EV1 EV2 EV1(1) EV1
EV1
EV2
EV1
EV4 TDlink 10 GbE
EV2 EV1(3) EV3
EV2
EV3 EV4
EV3 EV2(1)
EV4 DATA TO DISK
EV2
EV2(2)
EV2(3)
EV3(1)
FERS 1 FERS 2 FERS 3
EV3
EV3(3)
EV4(1)
EV4
EV4(2)
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 31COMING SOON DT5215 – Concentrator Board
Readout Interface Zynq Ultrascale + SoC
• 10 Gbps Ethernet 4 core @ 1.2 GHz processor
• 1 Gbps Ethernet • Readout process management
• USB-3.0 • Event sorting
• Event Building
8 x Tdlink @ 4.25 Gbps
GPIO (x16)
Up to 16 FERS units/link
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WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CAEN S.P.A. IS PROHIBITED. 32You can also read
