Fire protection for buildings - HI-FOG high pressure water mist - Marioff.com
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Fire protection for buildings
HI-FOG® high pressure water mist
© Ghelamco Group
Protecting people, property and business continuity A fire in a building can lead to serious consequences. Even a harmless fire can grow out of control in minutes unless immediately suppressed. With proper fire protection, damage and downtime can considerably be reduced. HI-FOG® high pressure water mist fire protection system is the result of great innovation: fire is suppressed with less water. The technology is incredibly versatile, and its performance has been verified in thousands of full-scale fire tests.
NFPA 750 Standard FM Global Property VdS 3188 Guideline for Fire Load and Heat Typical Application
on Water Mist Fire Loss Prevention Data Water Mist Systems Release Rate (HRR) or Areas
Suppression Systems Sheet 3-26
Light Hazard (LH) Hazard category 1 (HC-1) Light Hazard (LH) or Low Office spaces, class
Ordinary Hazard 1 (OH1) rooms, museums, hotel
rooms, hospitals
Ordinary Hazard 1 (OH1) Hazard category 2 (HC-2) Ordinary Hazard 2 (OH2) Low to medium Car parks, laundries
Ordinary Hazard 2 (OH2) Hazard category 3 (HC-3) Ordinary Hazard 3 (OH3) Medium to high Storage areas, archives
Fire hazard classification by NFPA, FM and VdS.
Control Limitation of fire size,
decrease of heat release rate
and prevention of structural
damage
Suppress Sharp reduction in rate of
heat release and prevention
of re-growth
HI-FOG® fights fire in three ways: by
cooling the fire and the surrounding Extinguish Complete suppression
area, by blocking the radiant heat, and until there are no burning
by removing the oxygen from the seat combustibles
of the fire.
What it takes to suppress a fire combustibles, or chain reactions als, such as furniture, textiles,
Fire is a process which involves can be interrupted by adding a plastics, wood and building &
chemical reaction between com- chemical. insulation boards. In Class B
bustible fuel and oxygen. The fires, the combustibles are flam-
prerequisites for sustained Fixed and manual fire fighting mable liquids.
burning are: Fires can be fought by fixed fire
fighting systems or manually. Fire hazard classes
• Combustible fuel
Fixed systems typically control Typically, fire risk assessment
• Oxygen and suppress fires, and manual begins with an identification
• Heat for ignition intervention is required to com- of the fire hazard classes. A fire
pletely extinguish a fire. hazard refers to the occupancy
• Uninterrupted chemical
and fire load: the quantity and
reactions
Types of fires combustibility of the content in
Not all fires are the same. Dif- an occupation. Fire hazard classi-
To extinguish a fire, at least one
ferent fuels create different fications vary between the differ-
of the four prerequisites must
fires which require different fire ent standards and guidelines.
be removed. The fuel itself can
fighting solutions. High pressure
rarely be removed, but the other
water mist is a highly efficient One building typically contains
parameters can be affected by
fire suppression technology for different areas that are classified
different fire fighting agents.
fighting Class A and Class B fires. to different fire hazard classes.
The hazard classes determine
For instance, oxygen concentra-
Fires in buildings are typically the requirements for the water
tion can be lowered by adding
Class A fires. In Class A fires, the mist system design, installation,
inert gas into the fire, heat can
combustibles are solid materi- operation and maintenance.
be removed by wetting the
HI-FOG® fights fires
using much
LESS WATER
than traditional sprinklers
by turning drops into
MICRO DROPS
sprayed at high velocity
on the seat of the fire
High pressure water mist Small drops as such do not guar- Low water usage
High pressure water mist repre- antee the efficient fire fighting. HI-FOG® water mist fights fires
sents water in its most efficient The drops also need to reach the with less water but just as ef-
fire fighting form. seat of the fire which can be en- fectively as traditional sprinkler
hanced with high pressure. systems.
Cooling
When water turns into vapour, it Radiant heat blocking Minimal damage and downtime
absorbs more heat than any other When water is dispersed as tiny Thanks to swift fire suppression
fire fighting agent, cooling the drops at high pressure, it blocks using low amounts of water,
fire and the surroundings very the radiant heat very efficiently, HI-FOG® helps keep damage and
efficiently. helping to prevent the fire from downtime to a minimum.
spreading or reigniting.
Inerting Installation flexibility
When water evaporates, its vol- With high pressure, it is possible Small piping, modular pump
ume expands over 1700 times, to deliver both tiny drops and units and discrete sprinklers
inerting the atmosphere by dis- high velocity, which enables the make HI-FOG® easy to install
placing oxygen. most efficient use of the water into retrofits and new buildings
characteristics. alike with minimal structural
The evaporation rate of water impact.
depends on the surface area: Safe and sustainable
Scalable
water in a bucket evaporates HI-FOG® is the safe and sustain-
HI-FOG® is easy to extend to
more slowly than water spread able way to fight fires. The system
adjacent areas or buildings using
out on a floor. The surface area activation does not require evacu-
the same main components, mak-
and the evaporation rate can be ation or enclosure integrity and
ing HI-FOG® a flexible and cost-
increased by turning water into the spaces can also be entered
efficient choice in the long run.
small drops, which leads to more while the system is discharging
efficient cooling and inerting. without risking human life or
affecting fire fighting efficiency.
How much is 1l of water?
Drop size (mm) Number of drops Surface area (m2)
124 1 0.05
10 1 900 0.6
1 1 900 000 6
WATER MIST
0.1 1 900 000 000 60
0.01 1 900 000 000 000 600
0.1 x 1000 x 10 x
Performance-based approach Engineered solutions often used to support the develop-
Marioff has always been a Thanks to thousands of fire tests ment of customized solutions.
staunch supporter of research. and thorough understanding on
Yet even today, the only ac- how fire and HI-FOG® systems Savings in structural
knowledged way to evaluate the behave in different applications, fire protection
performance level of a water mist Marioff has strong know-how Depending on local rules and
system is to conduct full-scale fire on developing also justified en- regulations, it may be possible to
tests. gineered solutions when fire test compensate structural fire safety
criteria for type approvals do not requirements by equipping the
A fire test is a means of determin- yet exist. building with an active fire
ing whether the system meets the protection system.
standardized and pre-determined Simulation
performance criteria. Supplementary to full-scale fire When a high pressure water mist
testing, numerical simulations can system is in place, it may be pos-
Most of the testing aims at type be applied for studying and dem- sible to lower the fire rating of
approvals for different applica- onstrating different aspects of fire the construction materials, such
tions. Full-scale fire tests are and the performance of the as glass structures, fire doors and
usually witnessed by independent HI-FOG® systems. Simulations are partition walls.
third party approval bodies.
HI-FOG®’s fire fighting per-
formance has been verified in Not all water mist systems are the same. The fire
thousands of full-scale fire tests. fighting properties are entirely system -specific.
As a result, HI-FOG® has received
more than 120 type approval One way to compare the different fire protection
certificates for a wide range of systems are the type approvals as the performance
applications.
criteria are the same for all.
System design
International standards and guidelines outline the design, installation, maintenance, and
testing requirements for the water mist fire suppression systems. Codes and regulations vary
from country to country, and the fire protection system designs are usually approved by local
authorities.
All critical water mist system design and installation parameters are defined in full-scale
fire tests, such as sprinkler or spray head type, spacing, operating pressure, flow rate and
installation height. Due to different, system-specific design and installation parameters,
one supplier’s water mist systems should never be designed using other supplier’s design
parameters.
Relevant regulations
NFPA 750 Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems
VdS 3188en VdS Guidelines for Water Mist Sprinkler Systems and Water Mist Extinguishing Systems
(High Pressure Systems), Planning and Installation
CEN/TS 14972 Fixed Firefighting Systems. Water Mist Systems. Design and Installation
FM 5560 Approval Standard for Water Mist Systems
UL 2167 Standard for Water Mist Nozzles for Fire Protection Service
System types
Different water mist system types are sometimes needed to protect the entire building.
HI-FOG® is extremely flexible which means it is suitable for protecting even the most
challenging areas, and the system can easily be extended to protect new areas and buildings
by using the same, main components.
Wet pipe system they are the most economical for valve is opened –manually or by
A wet pipe system normally has medium-size and large areas that a detection system – water mist
closed, heat-activated sprinkler need to be protected against nor- is discharged from all the spray
heads. The activation bulb bursts mal fire hazards. They also have heads in the area controlled by
when the ambient temperature the benefit of only discharging at that valve.
at the sprinkler head exceeds the the point of detection.
prescribed rating. Water mist is Deluge systems are typically used
discharged from that particular Deluge system for protecting machinery spaces
sprinkler head. A deluge system normally has because they provide full, homo-
open spray heads. The water geneous protection throughout
Wet pipe systems are the most flow is usually controlled by a the space.
common type of system because closed-type valve. When a section
Dry pipe system
A dry pipe system operates in
much the same way as a wet pipe
system, but the valve keeps the CLUBS
water on the pump side of the US LH
tubing in normal operation. The
tubes from the valve to the sprin- RESTAURANTS
klers are filled with compressed EUR OH1
air, which is monitored.
SEATING AREAS
The monitoring switch detects US LH
the loss of air pressure when a SERVICE AREAS
sprinkler bulb breaks and opens US OH1
the section valve. Water fills the
tubes to the sprinklers and water KITCHENS
mist is discharged from the acti- EUR OH1 / US OH1
vated sprinklers.
HOTEL, HOSPITAL
This type of system is typically EUR OH1 / US LH
used when the protected area is
subject to freezing.
RESIDENTIAL
Pre-action system EUR OH1 / US LH
A pre-action system is very
similar to dry pipe except that it OFFICES
is connected to a fire detection EUR OH1 / US LH
system. Typically, a pre-action
system valve requires both a ARCHIVES AND
sprinkler bulb to break and an
STORAGE AREAS
activation signal from an inde-
EUR OH3
pendent fire detection system
before it opens.
LAUNDRIES
EUR OH2 / US OH1
This type of system usually
protects areas where the risk of
accidental discharge needs to be LIBRARIES
minimized. Pre-action systems (EXCLUDING BOOK
are ideal for buildings such as STORES AND LARGE
large data centres and museums. STACK ROOMS)
EUR OH1 / US LH
CAR PARK
EUR OH2
PARKING GARAGE
US OH1
PUMP UNIT
Main components
HI-FOG® system is made of high quality components that all contribute to long system life.
A typical HI-FOG® system consists of water supply, reliable high pressure pump or
accumulator unit, section valves, stainless steel pipes, and compact sprinklers and spray
heads. The main system components are manufactured at Marioff’s factory in Finland, using
top of the line CNC machinery.
Water supply The new HI-FOG® Electric Pump Section valves
The water supply may be a mains Unit (EPU) revolutionizes the HI-FOG® section valves are used
feed or a water tank. The size of pumping technology for the high to divide the system into sections,
the water tank depends on the pressure water mist segment with which make it easy to locate the
application, system operation its advanced control system and fire and service the system in one
time, pump unit and other pos- simplified mechanical design. area while the other parts are
sible local requirements. The modular structure together kept up and running.
with practical service access
The required water inlet pres- enables flexible installation and Section valves are normally open
sure into the HI-FOG® system optimised use of footprint. or normally closed. Normally
powered by an electric pump unit open section valves are used with
is 2-6 bar with the required flow. The HI-FOG® Gas-Driven Pump sprinkler systems, and normally
If needed, the feed water line can Unit (GPU) can be supplied as an closed section valves are suitable
be equipped with one or several independent, stand-alone system for spray head systems and pre-
feed water pumps which can be that does not require mains elec- action systems.
controlled by the HI-FOG® Elec- tricity, municipal water supply or
tric Pump Unit’s control cabinet. a large water reservoir. Piping
HI-FOG® piping is made of high
Pump units The HI-FOG® GPU is suitable for quality AISI 316 grade stainless
HI-FOG® water mist is always low hazard areas and places where steel. All piping components are
generated by high pressure. The electricity is not available, or designed for 140 bar working
systems are powered by electric where the water damage should be pressure and tested to 210 bar
pumps or pressurized gas cylin- minimized. The HI-FOG® GPU is on-site.
ders. driven by compressed air, and uses
small amounts of water.
Pump unit type Minimum space, including service area (mm/in)
Length Width Height
EPU 02 1855 / 73 2220 / 87 1319 / 52
EPU 03 1719 / 68
EPU 04 2345 / 92
EPU 05
EPU 06
EPU 07 3020 / 119
EPU 08
EPU control cabinet 1250 / 49 1500 / 59 2000 / 79
GPU module 1100 / 45 900 / 35 2300 / 90
GPU cylinder rack 4+4 1200 / 50 1500 / 60
GPU cylinder rack 6+6 1800 / 70
Typical risers and main pipes Spray heads are used in deluge
are 38mm in diameter, and the systems found in technical spac-
section pipes and branches are es. When activated, the detection
30mm or 12mm in diameter. system opens the section valve
and water is discharged through
Piping is done with mechanical all spray heads in the designated
cutting ring connections where area.
welding is not needed.
HI-FOG® Fire Hose Nozzle
The small diameter pipes are easy HI-FOG® Fire Hose Nozzle is a
to bend which makes the instal- compact and efficient add on the
lation flexible. Detailed piping HI-FOG® system to manually
routing can be designed on-site. extinguish liquid and solid fuel
The pipes fit in small spaces and fires.
around obstructions, which is
especially beneficial in cultural Sprinklers and spray heads HI-FOG® Fire Hose Nozzle can
heritage sites where space is HI-FOG® sprinklers and spray be operated either in jet or fog
often limited. heads are the core items of the modes. The jet mode can put
HI-FOG® systems. Choosing the out solid fuel fires with a throw
Mounting adapters appropriate sprinkler or spray reaching 26 meters, while the fog
Sprinklers and spray heads are head type ensures optimized wa- mode can be used to extinguish
always attached to mounting ter usage in each space. also the liquid fires. The perfor-
adapters. mance has been verified in fire
Sprinklers are fine machined tests and approved by VNIIPO, a
The mounting adapter for sprin- state-of-the-art objects which Russian fire protection certifica-
klers include a check valve which are equipped with heat-activated tion body.
enables fast maintenance inspec- glass bulbs. Water is pushed
tions and sprinkler replacements. through the small holes, creating
The sprinkler can be replaced just the type of water mist needed
even when the system is on for the fire hazard in question.
stand-by, because the check valve
prevents the water discharge.
03
09
10
11
07
02
08
01
01 Unloading / Test Line 08 Section Valve
02 Water Inlet 09 Distribution Block
03 Fire Alarm Control Panel 10 Assembly Body 05
04 Water Tank 11 Sprinkler 06
05 External Water Source 12 Filter Unit
06 Feed Water Pump 13 Solenoid Valve 12
07 T-joint
13
04
09
06 11
12
07
08
13
02
03
01
04
05
01 Water Inlet 08 Sprinkler
02 Gas Cylinder 09 Fire Alarm Control Panel
03 Water Cylinder 10 External Water Source
04 T-joint 11 Release Valve
05 Section Valve 12 Slave Valve
06 Distribution Block 13 Filling Inlet & Breather Cap 14
07 Assembly Body 14 Water Tank
10HI-FOG® Services
Just as any system needs care, so does HI-FOG®. Our services extend from the optimized
maintenance and original spare parts to turnkey system upgrades and modernizations.
Corrective maintenance budget predictability and cost ensure new features and func-
Thanks to its global partner efficiencies through optimized tionalities. Modernization also
network, Marioff is able to pro- maintenance procedures. extends the system life time by
vide local field service engineers replacing obsolete technology
on-site to repair the system in Upgrades with new optimal solutions and
timely manner to ensure minimal The performance and capability ensuring the availability of spare
downtime. Original spare parts of the HI-FOG® system can be parts.
are used to secure reliable func- improved by upgrading the exist-
tioning of the HI-FOG® system. ing system. A system upgrade is Training
a sustainable way to respond to All HI-FOG® operators can be
Preventive maintenance new fire safety regulations or ex- trained to monitor the system,
Timely and well-planned main- tended protection requirements. perform regular checks and basic
tenance procedures result in troubleshooting, reset the system
increased system reliability. Modernization after activation and operate it in
HI-FOG® service contracts pro- The new technological develop- case of an emergency.
vide long-term maintenance ments can be implemented toHI-FOG® Spray Head HI-FOG® Sprinkler Surface HI-FOG® Pendent
Assembly Body Mounting Adapter Mounting Adapter
HI-FOG® Spray Head
HI-FOG® 2000 Sprinkler
HI-FOG® Section Valve HI-FOG® Machinery Valve
HI-FOG® 1000 Sprinkler
HI-FOG® Electric Pump Unit HI-FOG® Gas-Driven Pump Unit
Marioff reserves the right to revise and improve its products and recommended system configurations as it deems necessary
without notification. The information contained herein is intended to describe the state of HI-FOG® products and system
configurations at the time of its publication and may not reflect the product and or system configurations at all times in the future.
HI-FOG® and Marioff® are registered trademarks of Marioff Corporation Oy. Marioff is a part of Carrier, a leading global provider
Marioff Corporation Oy of innovative heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC), refrigeration, fire, security and building automation technologies.
Äyritie 24
© Marioff Corporation Oy 2019. All rights reserved. Ref. 2116B-EN
01511 Vantaa, Finland
+358 (0)10 6880 000
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