IAPH-WPSP Port Economic Impact Barometer - 1 May 2020 Authors : Professor Theo Notteboom Shanghai Maritime University, Ghent University and ...
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
IAPH-WPSP Port Economic Impact Barometer
Authors : Professor Theo Notteboom (Shanghai Maritime University, Ghent University and University of Antwerp)
Professor Thanos Pallis (University of the Aegean and Universidad de Los Andes)
1 May 2020Survey set-up WPSP-IAPH COVID-19 Dashboard
The IAPH-WPSP survey on the impact of COVID-19 is conducted on a weekly basis with Week 15 Week 16 Week 17 Week 18
the aim of monitoring the current situation in world ports and trends compared to previous April 6 April 13 April 20 April 27
weeks. The first survey results were collected in week 15 of 2020, with the contribution Ports with decline in Container vessels 41% 41% 53% 39%
of 67 ports from all over the globe. This week’s results deal with the situation in week 18. vessel calls (last week
Other cargo vessels 41% 39% 47% 44%
compared to normal
A total of 76 valid answers were received with Europe continuing to be the leading region conditions, %) Passenger vessels 77% 77% 76% 71%
with 38% of the total. No less than 20 ports from Central and South America completed the Container vessels 49% 22% 33% 20%
Ports with extra
survey (26% of all respondents), which shows a strong upward trend compared to 17% last restrictions on vessels Other cargo vessels 47% 23% 34% 25%
week, 14% in week 16 and only 9% in week 15. North America is also better represented (last week, %)
Passenger vessels 51% 38% 31% 26%
in the sample, partly due to an increased participation from Canadian ports. Africa and the
Container vessels 42% 35% 33% 27%
Asian regions remain somewhat underrepresented.
Port call delays due to Other cargo vessels 35% 28% 32% 30%
extra procedures (last
week, %) Passenger vessels 53% 40% 49% 44%
Participating ports per region Inland barges 27% 21% 19% 21%
Trucks (cross-border) 43% 41% 35% 37%
(N=76; data collection: 28 April 2020 Hinterland transport
Trucks (in/out port) 37% 33% 35% 35%
delays (last week
compared to normal Rail services 28% 21% 32% 13%
7% conditions, %)
Inland barge services 41% 23% 40% 21%
5%
Africa Foodstuff & medical supplies 35% 34% 33% 25%
26% Ports facing high
capacity utilisation of Consumer products 27% 28% 25% 18%
warehousing and
7% South East Asia / Australasia (including storage facilities (last Liquid bulk 21% 22% 20% 15%
New Zealand and Pacific Islands) week, %)
Dry bulk 16% 17% 13% 12%
North Asia (including China, Korea and
Japan) Dock workers 16% 16% 16% 22%
Technical-nautical services 7% 9% 4% 12%
North America (U.S. and Canada) Ports facing shortages
Harbour master services 4% 8% 7% 10%
in port-related workers
14% (last week, %) Port authority 28% 22% 22% 26%
Middle East / Central Asia (including
Arabian Gulf and Indian Subcontinent) Truck drivers no data no data 21% 16%
Europe
By: Theo Notteboom - Thanos Pallis
3% Central and South America
Results based on surveys of ports worldwide, four weeks to April 27, 2020
38%
By: Theo Notteboom - Thanos Pallis This dashboard provides a visual summary of the results gathered from the IAPH-WPSP
Port Economic Impact Barometer survey.
The survey consists of six identical questions, sent to port authorities and port operators
with responses sent anonymously on a weekly basis.
The percentages indicated in the blue bars of the Dashboard highlight the level of impact
of COVID19 contagion on ports based on the responses to the main six questions of the
survey, subdivided into relevant categories (vessel, modal, cargo and port worker).
You can find comprehensive data and more detailed explanations of responses to those
six questions in this report.1. Impact of crisis on vessel calls week 15). As with the past few weeks, about two thirds of the respondents indicate that
passenger vessel calls are down more than 50%, in some cases even down more than
The situation for container vessel calls shows a mixed picture compared to the situation 90%. These figures show the combined effect of partial or full lockdown measures in a lot
in the previous weeks. On the one hand, more than half of the respondents now report of countries around the world with an almost complete cessation of cruise activities.
a rather stable situation (vs. 41% last week), a figure similar to the situation in weeks 15
and 16. On the other hand, the share of ports facing significant decreases (in excess of The situation in cargo ports has remained stable. Blanked sailings for container ships were
a 25% drop) climbs to 11%, compared to less than 10% last week and only 2-3% in the confirmed but have not augmented in numbers. To some the few blank sailings of past
first two survey weeks. The situation for the other cargo vessels is slightly improving with week are expected to only be a temporary situation. Similarly stable remained the situation
more ports now even reporting increases in vessel calls. The number of ports reporting in passenger ports. Cruise calls have been canceled since March and in several ports
reductions of more than 25% remained fairly stable compared to last week. these cancellations are combined with the absence of international ferries, leading up to
95% less passengers than the same week of 2019. Cruise vessels berthing for lay-up
The cruise/passenger market remains the most affected by the COVID-19 contagion. A few continues to happen in several ports, with some port authorities having to guarantee 24/7
changes are observed for this vessel category. About 5% of the ports report an increase surveillance of the pier and collaborate with cruise lines and other authorities in limiting
of cruise ship activity, although this figure remains below the 10% in week 16 and 6% in access to the vessels.
How would you best describe the number of vessel calls in your port in the past week,
compared to what would be expected in the same week under normal conditions for this period?
100% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 3% 1%
10% 11% 5%
13% 9% 12%
90%
80% 39% 38% 28% 34%
25%
35% 30%
70% 42% 66% 64% 64% 64%
60%
50%
40% 51% 2%
53% 5% 5%
52% 54% 54% 6% 5%
30% 41%
49% 47%
7% 7%
4%
20% 24%
17% 14%
24%
10% 4%
5% 9% 5% 8%
7% 3% 4% 2%
1% 1% 2% 2% 5% 3% 4% 1% 2% 4% 5%
0%
Container vessels Other cargo vessels Passenger vessels
W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18
(n=56) (n=69) (n=59) (n=57) (n=61) (n=79) (n=68) (n=73) (n=47) (n=56) (n=42) (n=42)
More than 50% increase 25 to 50% increase 5 to 25% increase Rather stable situation
5 to 25% decrease 25 to 50% decrease More than 50% decrease
By: Theo Notteboom - Thanos Pallis2. Extra restrictions on vessels There have been no extra restrictions applied the last week. In the case of vessels for
example, the same restrictions applied over the last 5 weeks, with coordination on health
The COVID-19 outbreak can lead to extra restrictions on vessels. The results for this week declaration and related clearance needed in most cases. The extra restrictions noted are
differ somewhat from the previous week with a moderate decrease overall in the share of the ones connected with the restriction of the vessel crew leaving the vessel, i.e. obligatory
ports imposing restrictions on container and other cargo vessels. Close to 8 out of 10 ports temperature control for all crew prior to the disembarkment, or the presence of doctors at
did not impose any restrictions on container vessels with the same applying for 3 out of port terminals who decided whether further tests should be mandatory. In several ports,
4 ports for other cargo vessels. The picture for passenger vessels is gradually improving: solid waste removal from ships is subjected to the permission of the sanitary service.
66% of the responding ports have not imposed additional restrictions (compared to 44% Notably, in many cases, ports receive cruise ships, or at least those flagging the national
three weeks ago). However, an elevated 22% of the ports report extra measures on all flag, via dedicated anti COVID 19 safe corridors in ports in order to let them reach their
incoming passenger vessels, a figure that is down from the first two weeks, but sharply up own destinations.
compared to the 9% of last week.
Were there any extra restrictions on vessels introduced in the past week, for either
cargoes or ship crews?
100% 5% 6% 6% 7%
9% 7% 9%
16% 3% 14% 3% 6%
90% 1% 14% 21%
4% 14% 18% 26%
4% 12% 35% 18%
80% 22%
2%
22% 5%
3% 3%
5%
70% 30% 4% 8%
29% 7% 4%
5%
60% 3%
12%
50%
5%
78% 79%
75%
40% 73%
67% 66%
64% 66%
59%
30% 53% 44%
51%
20%
10%
0%
Container vessels Other cargo vessels Passenger vessels
W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18
(n=51) (n=68) (n=58) (n=56) (n=57) (n=79) (n=68) (n=73) (n=43) (n=58) (n=45) (n=38)
None Less Few Many All incoming
By: Theo Notteboom - Thanos Pallis3. Extra delays due changes in port call procedures of the port operations of this type have discontinued (stable compared to last week), while
just half of the ports report no additional delays.
Inland barge operations are seeing more disruptions compared to last week: 72% of ports
(81% last week) indicate that there were no extra delays during the past week due to Overall, there are no major changes compared to last week, with expectations for the
changes in call procedures (e.g. hygiene inspections, distancing of workforce, disruption same conditions to prevail for the next weeks. Notably, in some cases nautical services
of port or related services). The figures show that less ports report only minor delays (< 6 (pilotage, mooring, tug service) are reduced for the time being and their offering is limited
hours) while the categories of ‘delays’ and ‘discontinued operations’ now account for 10% to a smaller number of ships to be operated simultaneously. This results into minor
of the total. For container vessels and other cargo vessels, an increasing number of ports disruptions of service but keeps port operational 24/7. Besides, precisely because of the
report delays or major disruptions, while the share of respondents facing minor delays has crisis, several industries and sectors have temporarily ceased operations and there is a
decreased. The passenger segment remains the most affected vessel category: one third decrease in the amount of cargo transported to/from the ports.
Were there any extra delays during the past week due to changes in port call procedures?
(hygiene inspections, distancing of workforce, disruption of port or related services etc.)
100% 4% 3% 4% 4% 2% 4% 2% 3% 4% 6%
4% 3% 1% 7%
4% 5% 2% 4%
5%
90% 28% 33% 33% 15%
19% 3%
21% 24% 19% 10%
30% 27% 21% 40%
80% 34%
28% 29%
70% 4%
3% 3%
8%
60% 3%
3%
13% 8%
8%
50%
79% 72%
70% 69% 81%
40% 72% 68% 63%
65% 67% 65% 60%
30% 58% 51% 50%
48%
20%
10%
7% 6% 7%
4% 4%
0%
Container vessels Other cargo vessels Passenger vessels Inland barges
W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18
(n=50) (n=65) (n=57) (n=56) (n=55) (n=75) (n=66) (n=73) (n=40) (n=50) (n=39) (n=36) (n=26) (n=34) (n=26) (n=29)
Return to normal No changes Minor delays Delays (6-24 hrs) Major disruptions (>24hrs) Discontinued operations
By: Theo Notteboom - Thanos Pallis4. Impact of crisis on hinterland transport discontinued operations. The share of ports reporting normal barge activity show a
moderate declining trend from 77% in week 16 to 72% in week 18.
Border checks, a lower availability of truck drivers and disruptions in terminal operations
At national borders, trade flows and the overall situation is getting somehow better, though
can negatively affect trucking operations in/out of the port area and to the hinterland.
there is a significant number of road hauliers refusing to transport freight involving cross-
About 18% of the ports report delays (6-24 hours) or heavy delays (> 24 hours) in cross-
border operations. This situation might further reduce the pressures on borders but
border road transportation with 2% of the ports indicating that cross-border trucking has
complicates transnational supply chains. A number of truckers have limited night time
been discontinued. Thus, the trend of the past week has reversed with figures somewhat
operations to save costs, pushing demand into the day shift and leading to a shortage of
returning back to the situation of three weeks ago. On a positive note, about two thirds of
available bookings for pick-ups and deliveries. Trucks companies are the most affected by the
the ports witness normal operations in cross-border transport by truck. For trucks arriving
crisis, i.e. in some countries it was reported that more than 50% are actually closed; due to the
or leaving the port, we see several trends: a stabilization of ports reporting normal activity
present drop of the demand for services however, this does not affect services at ports. Rail
and less ports reporting minor delays. Rail services see less disruptions compared to
services are getting close to running stable and normal. Still rail operations within ports remain
last week. Some 8 out of 10 ports report no changes in rail operations. The situation for
more complex, but also delayed, due to mandatory rules limiting the proximity of workers.
barge services shows a dramatic shift to minor delays from major disruptions or even
How has hinterland transport been affected by the COVID-19 situation compared
to normal activity during the past week?
100% 3% 3% 2% 2% 4% 2% 1% 3% 2% 2% 5% 4% 3%
10% 1% 4% 3% 2% 3% 6%
8% 5% 7% 8% 4% 3% 4% 3%
4%
90% 2% 19% 15%
5% 7%
11% 13% 16% 28%
14% 8% 29% 27% 7%
80% 28% 24% 25% 33%
8%
17%
70% 20% 17% 4%
19%
8%
60%
78%
50%
72%
79% 68% 77%
40% 67% 69%
61% 65% 61%
59% 65% 63% 59% 60%
30% 57%
20%
10%
10%
2% 4% 3% 7%
0%
Trucks (cross border) Trucks (in/out port area) Rail services Barge services
W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18
(n=37) (n=49) (n=40) (n=40) (n=54) (n=75) (n=66) (n=66) (n=39) (n=48) (n=45) (n=45) (n=27) (n=31) (n=23) (n=23)
Return to normal No changes Minor delays (< 6 hrs) Delays (6-24 hrs) Major disruptions (>24hrs) Discontinued operations
By: Theo Notteboom - Thanos Pallis5. Impact on capacity utilization including compared to last week. Also, the situation for consumer goods has improved. In the dry
and liquid bulk markets, almost two thirds of the respondents see no changes in utilization
warehousing and distribution activities levels: for dry bulk the moderate upward trend of the past weeks has reversed, while for
liquid bulk the situation remained quite stable. While in the past weeks, the remaining ports
Warehousing and distribution activities in ports may see changes due to the fall in demand were fairly evenly distributed between under-utilization and increased utilization of storage
for consumer products in countries with partial or full lockdown measures. Hoarding facilities, we now see that overall there are more ports reporting under-utilization than
behavior can disrupt the foodstuff supply chains. Tank storage parks for liquid bulk, and oil increased utilization in liquid and dry bulk storage facilities. Moreover, we observe a further
products in particular, might see changes in their utilization degree caused by the sharp drop in ports with capacity shortages.
decline in the oil price and in the use of kerosene, diesel and gasoline.
Storage utilization is slightly down following an increase, which nevertheless might have
The survey results show the COVID19 crisis has resulted in 1 out of 4 ports reporting an been caused by Easter. Food products and medicines are the products that continue to
increase in utilization of warehousing and distribution facilities for foodstuffs and medical be on the rise. In some cases, dwell times are reported to be slightly up, and higher than
supplies, with no ports reporting capacity shortages. These figures are an improvement normal, but not to a level that would cause concern or major issues to be addressed.
What is this week’s situation in terms of capacity utilization, including warehousing and distribution activities in the port?
100% 5% 4% 2% 4% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 5% 3%
2% 7% 5% 3% 7% 6%
10% 2% 6% 4% 6% 3%
8% 8% 7%
90% 7% 8% 10%
12% 14%
12%
17% 16% 9% 12%
80% 10%
70% 61% 62%
55%
60% 63% 62% 62% 61%
66% 63% 62% 61% 66% 67%
50% 62% 63%
63%
40%
30% 10% 14% 13%
8% 10% 10%
20% 14% 14% 4% 9% 8%
17% 16% 12% 6% 8% 6% 7% 6% 4% 3%
10% 10% 10%
12% 6% 3% 3% 2% 7% 7% 4%
2% 2% 10% 10% 3% 5% 3%
8% 2% 10% 8% 4% 2% 7%
2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 3% 3% 2% 1% 2%
0%
Foodstuffs and essential medical supplies Consumer goods Liquid bulk Dry bulk
W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18
(n=51) (n=64) (n=55) (n=59) (n=52) (n=68) (n=59) (n=62) (n=48) (n=65) (n=59) (n=60) (n=51) (n=70) (n=60) (n=67)
Capacity shortages Major increase in utilization Increase in utilization Minor increase in utilization
Rather stable Minor under-utilization Under-utilization Severe under-utilization Operations discontinued
By: Theo Notteboom - Thanos Pallis6. Impact on availability of port-related workers Port Authorities staff, or most of it, continues to mostly work from home, in compliance with
the measures applied to all public offices. Working in shifts is also present in some other
The measures to fight the COVID-19 outbreak up until now have not had a huge impact on ports. As regards port workers, reporting ports face no shortages, as they are available
the availability of port-related workers. However, the situation seems to have deteriorated in the required quantity. That said, in addition to the cruise/passenger terminals, the past
in week 18: 22% of the ports mention that they face shortages of dock workers (compared week cargo port terminals and stevedoring companies have requested social wages
to 15 to 16% in the past three weeks), 12% of the sample is confronted with shortages for schemes adoption for their dockworkers. Yet, there are no permanent layoffs so far. Finally,
the delivery of technical-nautical services (the highest figure since the start of the weekly as in quite a few countries several industries head back to work on May 4, it remains to be
survey), while 10% of ports are short of personnel for harbor master services (vs. 7% last seen what the adjustments will be, and what will be the effect of this partial ‘reopening’ of
week). About one quarter of the port authorities report a moderate to more serious decline the respective economies.
in staff availability (22% in weeks 16 and 17 and 28% in week 15). The availability of truck
drivers shows a positive trend: only 16% of the ports face truck driver shortage compared
to 21% last week.
What was the availability of port workers last week?
100% 2% 3% 1% 1% 2% 3% 4% 3% 2% 3% 3% 2% 1% 6% 1%
5% 5% 1% 2% 7% 1% 2% 5% 10% 7%
6% 5%
8% 5%
90% 14% 13% 15%
16% 19% 10%
15% 25% 16% 16%
80%
70%
60%
91% 86% 79%
68% 84% 79% 90%
50% 72% 76%
84% 86% 74%
67%
60% 71% 63% 76%
40% 65%
30%
20%
5% 1% 6%
10% 1%
7% 9% 7% 4% 6% 5% 9% 6% 10% 7%
6% 3% 1% 1% 5% 6%
5% 3% 1% 4% 5% 4% 3% 5% 3% 1% 1% 3% 2% 5% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3%
0% 1%
Dock workers Technical-nautical services (pilots, Harbor master services (including Port Authority Truck Drivers
tugboat and mooring crews) VTS operators)
W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W15 W16 W17 W18 W17 W18
(n=57) (n=77) (n=68) (n=73) (N=57) (N=77) (N=68) (N=73) (n=57) (n=77) (n=68) (n=73) (n=57) (n=77) (n=68) (n=73) (n=68) (n=73)
Return of all to work Major return to work Moderate return to work Normal presence Moderate shortages Shortages Severe shortages
By: Theo Notteboom - Thanos Pallis7. Call for ports to participate in this survey
This weekly report will be published every Friday on the World Ports COVID19
INFORMATION PORTAL under the FAQ section “WHAT IS THE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON
THE GLOBAL PORT SECTOR?”
All ports are welcome to participate in this survey by contacting us on the following email :
covid19@sustainableworldports.org
https://sustainableworldports.org/world-ports-covid19-information-portal/You can also read
