Identification of Potential Predators of Gulf of Mexico Menhaden, Brevoortia spp
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Identification of Potential Predators of Gulf of Mexico Menhaden, Brevoortia spp Presentation to GSMFC Menhaden Advisory Committee, Panama City, March 2018 Matthew Nuttall1, Skyler Sagarese2, Matthew Lauretta2, Amy Schueller3, David Chagaris4, Kim de Mutsert5 1 Department of Marine Biology and Fisheries, RSMAS, University of Miami 2 Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, Miami, FL 3 Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, Beaufort, SC 4 IFAS Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida 5 Department of Environmental Science & Policy, George Mason University
Ecosystem Modeling for Fisheries
Management in the Gulf of Mexico
3 year project funded by the NOAA RESTORE
Act Science Program
University of Florida, NOAA SEFSC, George
Mason University, Ecopath Dev. Team
Goal: Integrate information on ecosystem
stressors and predator-prey interactions into the
assessment and management of fisheries in the
Gulf of Mexico (gag and gulf menhaden)
Work closely with managers to update
ecosystem models (decision support tools)
Index of GM predation mortality
Hypoxia & HAB mortality
MSE & Policy Exploration1. U.S. Gulf-wide model
Create a model for the SEFSC to evaluate the potential ecological effects of
proposed management actions in the Gulf of Mexico
Focus on federally and internationally managed species
Four generic Menhaden groups – Brevoortia spp (0, 1, 2, 3+)
2. Northern Gulf model
Evaluating the trophic role of gulf menhaden in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Estimation of predation mortality for use in stock assessment
Four Gulf Menhaden groups – Brevoortia patronus (0, 1, 2, 3+)
To aid in this work…
For today, we want to identify plausible predators of juvenile & adult menhadenMethods
Statistical Estimation of Predator Diet
Bootstrapped and fit with a Dirichlet likelihood to predict relative contribution of
menhaden to total predator diet (Sagarese et al. 2016)
Diet data sources – GOMEXSI, journal articles, technical/field reports, theses,
fishbase, FWRI FIM diet database, Dr. Will Patterson’s diet database
Issues with Meta-Analysis:
Used studies conducted outside the area-of-interest (e.g., NW Atlantic)
Coarse taxonomic resolution in the identification of prey groups (e.g., clupeidae)
Co-occurrence in Menhaden Fishery Bycatch
Identify predators that occur in the same area as menhaden – an “opportunity”
for predationLIKELY Predators of Menhaden
Functional Contains %Fish Atl. Gulf B. spp Clupeid PS
Group Bycatch
Dolphins Delphinidae: Bottlenose Dolphin 79 X X X X X
Seabirds Cormorants, Pelicans, Frigatebirds, 67 X X X X
Gulls, Terns, Skimmer, Osprey, Bald
Eagle, Gannet, Common Loon
Sea Turtles Loggerhead, Green, Hawksbill, 23 X X
Kemps Ridley, Leatherback
Blacktip Shark Carcharhinus limbatus 88 X X X X X
Dusky Shark Carcharhinus obscurus 77 X X X
Sandbar Shark Carcharhinus plumbeus 63 X X X
Large Coastal Hammerheads, Spinner, Silky, Bull, 78 X X X X X
Sharks Tiger, Sand Tiger, Lemon
Atlantic Rhizoprionodon terraenovae 64 X X X X
Sharpnose
Small Coastal Blacknose, Finetooth, Bonnethead, 44 X X X X X
Sharks Smooth-houndLIKELY Predators of Menhaden
Functional Contains %Fish Atl. Gulf B. spp Clupeid PS
Group Bycatch
King Mack (0-3) King Mackerel – juvenile 80 X X
King Mack (3+) King Mackerel – adult 74 X X X X X
Span Mack (0-3) Spanish Mackerel – juvenile 79 X X X
Span Mack (3+) Spanish Mackerel – adult 82 X X X X X
Pelagic Coastal Wahoo, Bonito, Little Tunny, Jacks 68 X X X X X
Piscivores & Runners, Almaco Jack, Frigate
Mackerel, Bluefish, Remoras,
Needlefish, Tripletail
Inshore Coastal Tarpon, Ladyfish, Snook, Bonefish 51 X X X X
PiscivoresLIKELY Predators of Menhaden
Functional Contains %Fish Atl. Gulf B. spp Clupeid PS
Group Bycatch
Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus 45 X X X
Seatrout Cynoscion sp. 43 X X X X
Cobia Rachycentron canadum 60 X X X X X
Gag (0-3) Mycteroperca microlepis (60cm) 70 X X
Demersal Black & Other Drums, Croakers, 1 X X X X
Coastal Pompano, Permit, Silver Perch,
Carnivores Cubbyu, Goatfish, Seabream,
Catfish
Benthic Coastal Other Scorpionfish, Sole, Righteye 1 X X
Carnivores Flounder, Tonguefish, Sand Perch,
Searobins, Batfish, Gurnards,
Threadfin, Hake, Codling, Cusk Eels
Benthic Lefteye Flounders, Stargazers, 62 X X X
Piscivores Lizardfish, Snake Eels, Sand DiverUNLIKELY Predators of Menhaden
Functional Contains %Fish Atl. Gulf B. spp Clupeid PS
Group Bycatch
Red Snap (0-1) Lutjanus campechanus (50cm) 51
Vermilion Snap Rhomboplites aurorubens 18 X
Red Grouper Epinephelus morio 58 X
Goliath Grouper Epinephelus itajara 50 X
Other Shallow- Black, Nassau, Yellowmouth, 56 X
water Grouper Yellowfin, Scamp, Rock & Red Hind
Deep-water Snowy, Warsaw, Misty, Speckled 44 X
Grouper Hind
Tilefish Northern, Blueline, Blackline, Sand 17 X XUNLIKELY Predators of Menhaden
Functional Contains %Fish Atl. Gulf B. spp Clupeid PS
Group Bycatch
Skates/Rays Skates, Eagle/Cownose/Bullnose 38 X
Ray, Roughtail/Bluntnose/Southern
Stingray, Nurse Shark, Guitarfish
Structure- Squirrelfish, Barracudas, Moray, 48 X
Associated Conger Eel, Soapfish
Piscivores
Structure- Reef Scorpionfish, Reef Croaker, 2 X
Associated Seabass, Wrasse, Grunts, Porgies,
Carnivores Sheepshead, Toadfish, Butterflyfish,
Hogfish, Lane/Yellowtail Snapper,
Schoolmaster
Coastal Filefish, Ocean Trigger, Spottail 1 X
Omnivores Pinfish, Pinfish, Spadefish, Puffers
Anchovy, Gulf & Other Killifish, Inland & OtherUNCERTAIN Predators of Menhaden
Functional Contains %Fish Atl. Gulf B. spp Clupeid PS
Group Bycatch
Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares 76 X X
Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus 77 X X
Other Tunas Skipjack, Bigeye, Blackfin 78 X
Billfish Spearfish, Sailfish, 76 X X
Blue/Striped/White Marlin
Swordfish Xiphias gladius 59 X
Large Oceanic Blue, Shortfin Mako, Threshers 80 X X
Sharks
Oceanic Cutlassfish, Oilfish, Offshore Hake, 61 X X
Piscivores Pomfrets, Escolar
Amberjacks Seriola dumerili & S. fasciata 75 X
Other Snappers Gray, Wenchman, Black, Blackfin, 41 X
Cubera, Dog, Mahogany, Silk,
QueenWhere we’re at…
We will have to make assumptions to quantitatively allocate predation on
menhaden across age classes
Paucity of data on menhaden consumption, period!
Will use biomass estimated from assessment model for each age class to
determine diet composition of each age class (as well as habitat)
Recommend collection of additional diet data from the Gulf of Mexico
Juveniles of predatory fish
Difficult to separate diet by life stage
Inshore, where juvenile menhaden are abundantThank you!
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