Knowledge for Children in Africa - 2019 Publications Catalogue - UNICEF
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Knowledge for Children in Africa 2019 Publications Catalogue
Cover Photo: ©UNICEF/UN0311822/Andrinivo
Knowledge for Children in Africa - 2019 Publications Catalogue
Foreword
Every year, UNICEF and partners generate a wealth of evidence on the situation of children in
Africa. Knowledge and evidence are essential to informing the development, implementation,
and monitoring of relevant policies and programmes for the realization of children’s rights. To
this end, UNICEF Regional Directors in Africa are pleased to present the 2019 edition of the
Knowledge for Children in Africa Publications Catalogue.
The 2019 edition of the catalogue features 107 reports and studies on the situation of children,
young people, and women in Africa. These publications represent the collective knowledge
generated by UNICEF Country and Regional Offices during the year, and capture the work of
UNICEF and partners to support the rights and well-being of children across the continent.
The publications cover a wide range of topics. Publications are listed under the following
categories:
• Child Poverty
• Child Protection
• Child-Sensitive Social Protection
• Education and Early Childhood Development
• Financing for Development: Public Finance for Children
• HIV and AIDS
• Humanitarian Action, Resilience and Peacebuilding
• Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
• Nutrition
• Situation Analysis and Socioeconomic Development
• Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Many of the publications are, or will be, available online. The entry for each study or report
includes a short description, as well as information on the authors and contributors, planned
publication date, and contact details for obtaining additional information.
Evidence plays a critical role in shaping successful initiatives in support of children and women.
We sincerely hope that you will find the publications listed in this catalogue to be a helpful
resource for evidence-based decision making and programming.
Ted Chaiban Mohamed Malick Fall Marie-Pierre Poirier
Regional Director Regional Director Regional Director
UNICEF Middle East UNICEF Eastern UNICEF West
and North Africa and Southern Africa and Central Africa
i
Contents
Foreword i
Part 1: Publications by Thematic Area 1
• Child Poverty 2
• Child Protection 6
• Child-Sensitive Social Protection 14
• Education and Early Childhood Development 18
• HIV and AIDS 41
• Humanitarian Action, Resilience and Peacebuilding 44
• Maternal, Newborn and Child Health 48
• Nutrition 50
• Situation Analysis and Socioeconomic Development 57
• Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 67
Part 2: List of Publications by Country 77
ii Knowledge for Children in Africa - 2019 Publications Catalogue
2 44
6 46
48
14
18 55
41 65
iii
©UNICEF/UN027556/Ohanesian
iv Knowledge for
Knowledge for Children
Children in
in Africa
Africa - 2019 Publications Catalogue
PART 1:
Publications by
Thematic Area
1
Child Poverty
©UNICEF/UN052531/Ayene
2 Knowledge for
Knowledge for Children
Children in
in Africa
Africa - 2019 Publications Catalogue
Country: Mozambique
Multidimensional Child Poverty in Mozambique Authors/Contributors:
Ministry of Economy and
This report presents the level of poverty and deprivation Finance (MEF), UNICEF
of Mozambican children (ages 0-17), based on a Mozambique Country Office,
UNICEF Office of Research –
multidimensional poverty analysis, using a child-
©UNICEF/UN0306363/Abdul
Innocenti, UN-WIDER.
centred approach that identifies the level and severity
of deprivations in key areas of child well-being and Date of expected
corresponding children’s rights. In Mozambique, these publication:
July 2019
areas include Family; Nutrition; Education; Labour;
Health; Water, Sanitation and Hygiene; Participation; Contact person:
and Housing. The multidimensional approach is Zlata Bruckauf,
complemented by considering monetary poverty Research and Evaluation
Specialist, UNICEF
based on the national definitions. The analysis applies
Mozambique Country Office,
a life-course perspective which highlights the needs zbruckauf@unicef.org
and problems related to each particular stage of child
development.
The report’s objectives are: (i) to provide comprehensive
diagnostics on multidimensional child poverty and
deprivation in Mozambique for the purpose of informing
policy developments in the context of the next Five-
Year Plan; and (ii) to stimulate discussions amongst
the Government and its partners regarding the fiscal
space and programmatic scope to reduce child poverty
in accordance with the national commitment made
concerning Agenda 2030 (the Sustainable Development
Goals: SDGs).
The report provides evidence for UNICEF’s policy
priorities for 2019-2020 and will be used by the
Government and its partners to shape the children’s
agenda for the next Five-Year Plan.
Country: Tanzania
Beyond the numbers: Perceptions and dynamics Authors/Contributors
of child poverty in a rapidly urbanising Tanzania (institutions):
Overseas Development
(Mainland). Institute (ODI)
©UNICEF/UN0322679/Dejongh
Drawing on new qualitative research and a review of the Date of expected
broader evidence base, this research aims to provide a publication:
comprehensive picture of multidimensional child poverty April 2019
in mainland Tanzania, focusing on children’s perceptions Web link:
on poverty, its causes, and consequences. It also looks www.unicef.org/tanzania
at how these vary in urban and rural areas to understand Contact person:
how rapid urbanization may impact on child poverty and Paul Quarles Van Ufford,
discusses appropriate policy implications. Chief, Social Policy,
UNICEF United Republic
The richer understanding of child poverty in Tanzania of Tanzania Country Office,
generated by the research can help to target better pqvanufford@unicef.org
government investments in children. These investments
are a precondition to nourish a skilled and healthy
future workforce that can lead the country’s economic
transformation as envisaged in the 2025 Government’s
vision, the realization of Target 1.2 of SDG 1, and of the
principle of ‘leaving no one behind’.
The findings on rapid urbanization and its impact on urban
child poverty have highlighted some of the challenges
faced in urban areas and will be used to advocate for
the development of more coherent policies to guide
urban development in Tanzania, including in areas that
are relevant for poor families and their children.
3
Country: Togo
Analysis of multiple deprivations of children in Togo Authors/Contributors
according to N MODA model (Analyse des privations (institutions):
Pierre Martel: International
multiples des enfants du Togo selon le modele N Consultant, Togolese
©UNICEF/UN0322679/Mukwazhi
MODA) National Institute of
Statistics, Economics and
Despite the good performance of the Togolese economy Demographic Studies
in recent years, levels of monetary poverty has only (INSEED)
slightly declined. Previous survey results do not go Date of expected
beyond the monetary / consumption aspects of poverty, publication:
and only touch on human rights issues faced by children May 2019
and deprivations they may suffer from. To overcome Contact person:
this gap and draw a comprehensive understanding Albert Ewodo Ekani;
of poverty and vulnerability of children in Togo, an Social Policy Specialist;
analysis of the multidimensional poverty of children UNICEF Togo Country
was conducted in 2016, using the Multiple Overlapping Office; aeekani@unicef.org
Deprivation Analysis (N-Moda) approach. It is a child-
centred approach to human rights and deprivation,
which takes into account the child’s life cycle in the
deprivation analysis, and focuses not only on individual The overall objective of this analysis is
deprivation by children, but also overlapping and to improve the national partner’s and
cumulated deprivations. development actor’s knowledge of the extent
of deprivations that affect children and the
In 2018, UNICEF and the Government of Togo trends in the multidimensional poverty of
have decided to update the analysis of the multiple children and women during recent years,
deprivations faced by children in Togo, using the latest focusing on differences between them and
data made available by MICS 6. regional disparities.
Country: Uganda
Multidimensional Child Poverty and Deprivation in Authors/Contributors:
Uganda Uganda Bureau of Statistics
Volume 1: The Extent and Nature of Multidimensional UNICEF
Child Poverty and Deprivation Date of expected
publication:
Volume 2: Views of the Public June 2019
In order to achieve the Government’s ambitious Contact person:
goals of eradicating extreme poverty and halving
©UNICEF/Ose
Diego Angemi; Chief, Social
multidimensional poverty by 2030, valid and reliable Policy and Advocacy;
UNICEF Uganda Country
poverty measures are needed that identify the extent
Office; dangemi@unicef.org
and nature of poverty in Uganda. This report shows the
extent and nature of child poverty in the country, using
the latest and most reliable data available. The report
looks at children living in households surviving on very
low incomes as well as those suffering multidimensional
poverty in order to provide a comprehensive picture of
how poor children are living in Uganda today.
The report includes a state-of-the-art multidimensional
poverty measure which could form the basis for
monitoring progress towards halving poverty in all its
dimensions between 2015 and 2030.
This qualitative work is intended to inform the
interpretation and analysis of the 2016/17 Uganda
National Household Survey data, and to assist in the
further development of suitable survey indicators of
deprivation in Uganda.
4 Knowledge for Children in Africa - 2019 Publications CatalogueCountry: Uganda
What Works for Africa’s Poorest Children? From Authors/Contributors:
UNICEF; EPRC; University
Measurement to Action
of Manchester; The Nordic
Africa Institute
While there has been substantial progress in reducing
global poverty in recent years, hundreds of millions of Date of expected
vulnerable children remain trapped in extreme poverty. publication:
This is especially the case on the African continent, December 2019
©UNICEF/Noorani
where children account for the majority and growing Contact person:
proportion of the population. Diego Angemi; Chief, Social
Policy and Advocacy;
This report aims to contribute to global efforts to end child UNICEF Uganda Country
poverty by generating key insight on practical actions, Office; dangemi@unicef.org
programmes and social policy interventions that that are
most effective in supporting Africa’s poorest and most
vulnerable children and elaborates on the key features
underpinning their documented success. It examines
‘why’ the poorest children often do not benefit from
poverty reduction and growth policies, by presenting
innovative analytical approaches, and articulating clear their documented success; and (ii) to raise
and actionable policy recommendations emerging from awareness among all key stakeholders about
this new and important body of knowledge. the need to prioritize tackling child poverty
and deprivation and join efforts to rally behind
Overall the report can help: (i) to identify the social the actions required to respond to the social
policies and programmes that are most effective needs and status of deprivation of Africa’s
in supporting Africa’s poorest and most vulnerable poorest children as articulated in the SDG
children and elaborate on the key features underpinning agenda.
Country: Uganda
Harnessing the Demographic Dividend in Uganda: Authors/Contributors:
an assessment of the impact of multi-sectoral UNICEF; Economic Policy
Research Institute; National
approaches Planning Authority; National
Population Council
Over the past three decades, Uganda has witnessed
significant population growth. While child mortality has Date of expected
been on a steady decline, fertility rates have remained publication:
September 2019
high over the past decades, resulting in rapid population
©UNICEF/Nesbitt
growth and a youthful population with a high child- Contact person:
dependency ratio. This constitutes a major barrier to Diego Angemi; Chief, Social
social transformation and development in Uganda. Policy and Advocacy;
UNICEF Uganda Country
Consequently, the country must invest and implement Office; dangemi@unicef.org
appropriate policies to initiate a demographic transition
in order to reap the benefits of the demographic dividend
– accelerated economic growth.
A shift in Uganda’s population dynamics and reduction of
fertility rates can be turned into a valuable demographic
dividend, accelerating economic growth and fostering The modified USAID DemDiv model is intended
a socioeconomic transformation. However, such a to be a tool that can inform policymakers of
dividend is not a given and for Uganda to reap the the potential benefits of the demographic
benefits the country needs to adopt appropriate policies dividend and thereby provide evidence that
and investments to ensure that over the long-term, its supports increased investment in multi-
growing labour force is innovative, skilled, healthy, and sectoral policies to achieve such benefits;
productive. as ultimately, the country’s ability to exploit
the demographic dividend highly depends on
In order to understand the conditions and analyse the the Government’s increased ability to design,
magnitude of the potential demographic dividend in implement and deliver interventions and
Uganda, this report aims to rely on the strength of the programmes in a multi-sectoral manner. The
USAID-funded Health Policy Project DemDiv model, empirical findings in this report demonstrate
while modelling sectoral investment options that are of the powerful returns to comprehensive and
interest and relevance to the Government of Uganda. integrated approaches.
5Child Protection
©UNICEF/UN028376/Rich
6 Knowledge for
Knowledge for Children
Children in
in Africa
Africa - 2019 Publications CatalogueCountry: Angola
Child Protection Referral System and Guidelines for Authors/Contributors
Case Management / “Fluxos e Parâmetros para o (institutions):
Ministry of Social
Atendimento de Crianças e Adolescentes Vítimas de Assistance, Family and
Violência” Women’s Promotion,
National Institute for
This report covers the policy and legal framework for the Children, UNICEF Angola.
protection of child victims of violence and/or witnesses Date of expected
of crime in Angola, providing detailed analysis of the publication:
legal procedures foreseen for children and adolescents February 2019
©UNICEF
in four specific situations: child victims of sexual abuse
Contact person:
and maltreatment, children in need of alternative care, Giovanni D’Amato;
children in conflict with the law and children who have Chief. Child Protection;
abused psychoactive substances. UNICEF Angola;
gdamato@unicef.org
The report clarifies the procedures and division of
responsibility between the different sectors in the child
protection system (judicial, police, health and social
welfare) and provides four simple graphic flowcharts of
the referral pathways to be followed, according to the
specific vulnerabilities. The document was developed The report provides practical guidance for
through a highly participatory inter-sectoral consultation child protection actors from the different
process that highlighted the general lack of capacity sectors on the referral pathways and case
among frontline service providers. The document also management procedures to be followed to
tries to address this gap by providing basic guidelines ensure integrated and specialized care for
on case management principles to be observed by each child victims and/or children in conflict with
sector/institution. the law.
Country: Eswatini
Mapping and assessment of toll-free child protection Authors/Contributors:
UNICEF Eswatini and
reporting services operating in Eswatini Deputy Prime Minister’s
©UNICEF/UN0145563/Schermbruker
Office
Violence among children remains high in Eswatini with
33 per cent of girls experiencing sexual violence before Date of expected
the age of 18. Coordination needs to be strengthened publication:
at national and regional level to efficiently prevent and 31 December 2019
respond to violence against children. Contact person:
Phumzile Dlamini; Child
UNICEF Eswatini in supporting the Deputy Prime Protection Specialist;
Minister’s Office (DPMO), National Children Services UNICEF Eswatini Country
Department (NCSD) to strengthen national systems and Office; phdlamini@unicef.org
coordination for the protection of children. One of the
key interventions areas is to develop an integrated and
coordinated national toll-free child-line service to allow
for a more effective, accessible and cost-free reporting
mechanism of child abuse cases in the country. A
mapping and assessment of existing services is needed
to identify the current players, the type of services they
offer, and eventually inform lessons that will influence
the development of a national integrated toll-free child-
line.
The assessment report will be used the Deputy Prime
Minister’s office and other key actors to develop a
National Child Helpline in the country. The helpline will
benefit not only children but also parents, teachers,
police, judges, lawyers, social workers, psychologists,
doctors, and community leaders.
7Country: Eswatini
Assessment of the national violence surveillance Authors/Contributors:
system UNICEF Eswatini and
Deputy Prime Minister’s
office
Eswatini has limited capacity to report and provide an
appropriate and quality response to violence against Date of expected
©UNICEF/UN029242/Phelps
children. UNICEF is providing financial and technical publication:
support for the development and strengthening of 31 December 2019
national, regional and sub-regional data/information Contact person:
systems for surveillance of violence against children, Phumzile Dlamini; Child
to enable access to real-time information on reported Protection Specialist;
cases of violence in the country. UNICEF Eswatini Country
Office; phdlamini@unicef.org
This report is intended to comprehensively assess the
status of the existing National Violence Surveillance
System, with the objective of identifying key
achievements, constraints/bottlenecks, lessons learned,
opportunities and make concrete recommendations for
its improvement.
The report will facilitate the development of a real-
time national violence surveillance system which will
be beneficial to police, social workers, government
ministries that work in child protection; non-state
service providers on violence against children and other
governmental and non-governmental organizations that
work in child rights advocacy.
Country: Ethiopia
The Code of Conduct on Prevention of School- Authors/Contributors
Related Gender-Based Violence (SRGVB): A study of (institutions):
Jo Heslop, Jenny Parkes,
policy enactment in Ethiopia. Freya Johnson Ross,
Firehiwot Alito, Ellen Turner,
©UNICEF/UN055323/Tremeau
School-Related Gender-Based Violence (SRGBV) UCL Institute of Education,
encompasses physical, sexual and psychological acts of London, UK
violence in and around schools, underpinned by unequal
Date of expected
access to resources and power, and inequitable norms publication:
and stereotypes based on gender. A Code of Conduct 2018
on Prevention of SRGBV in Schools has been introduced
and rolled out in all regions of Ethiopia. A Violence Web link:
Online (http://www.unicef.
Reporting Tool has also been developed to gather data org/ethiopia/) and on
on incidents of violence in schools demand
Few studies look in depth at how Codes of Conduct Contact person:
for school communities have been implemented in Tiye Feyisa; Education
schools. In 2017, in partnership with researchers at Specialist; UNICEF Country
Office Ethiopia;
UCL Institute of Education, the Ministry of Education tfeyisa@unicef.org
(MoE) and UNICEF Ethiopia prioritized a study to look
in depth at how the Code was understood and used at
national, regional, district and school levels.
The publication draws on data from interviews and
focus groups with students and school staff in six
schools in Amhara and Addis Ababa. The findings from
the study are expected help to inform the Ministry
of Education’s review of the Code and the reporting
tools, thus having the potential to make an important
contribution to improving the safety of girls and boys in
and around schools in Ethiopia. The study will also help
to build knowledge globally about the challenges and
the potential for Codes of Conduct, and related work to
prevent and respond to violence in schools.
8 Knowledge for Children in Africa - 2019 Publications CatalogueCountry: Ethiopia
Systematic review and service mapping among Authors/Contributors
most-at-risk adolescents and youth populations of (institutions):
Overseas Development
Ethiopia Institute (ODI), Zerihun and
Associates, UNICEF Ethiopia
©UNICEF/UN051558/Tremeau
UNICEF and UNFPA have successfully worked on the and UNFPA Ethiopia
first (2007-2013) and second (2014-2017) phases of
a Joint Programme on ‘A Rights Based Approach to Date of expected
publication:
Adolescent and Youth Development in Ethiopia’ funded December 2018
by the Royal Norwegian Government. At the core of
Phase I and II of the JP were interventions on prevention Contact person:
of and response to HIV and AIDS and on Sexual and Karin Heissler; Chief,
Child Protection Section;
Reproductive Health, targeting adolescents and youth UNICEF Ethiopia Country
aged 10-24 years in the general population. Office; kheissler@unicef.
org. Wondwossen Temiess;
This assessment was designed to generate evidence Child Protection Specialist;
using a systematic review of best available published UNICEF Ethiopia Country
and grey literature on most-at-risk adolescents and Office; wtemiess@unicef.org
youth and issues including the situation and responses
concerning HIV prevention, sexual and reproductive
health, violence and harmful traditional practices.
Responses includes life skills, informed decision
making, help-seeking behaviour, self-protection and
peer relationships. The assessment also maps all
services in project intervention areas that may or may
not be used by adolescents and youth and for what phase of the Joint Programme. They also
reasons, including services provided by government, help to identify existing services, facilities
NGOs, CSOs, FBOs, women and youth associations to and platforms to help determine the level of
understand the service opportunities and gaps. readiness for programming related to HIV,
sexual and reproductive health, violence and
The findings of the systematic review and mapping harmful traditional practices for most at-risk
will inform the design of interventions in the third adolescents and youth.
©UNICEF/UN014032/Rich
9Country: Kenya
A Formative Evaluation of Child Protection Centres Authors/Contributors
(CPC) to Prevent and Respond to Violence, Abuse (institutions):
Child Frontiers
and Exploitation of Children in Kenya
Date of expected
In Kenya, over two million children are orphans, one publication:
©UNICEF/UN019137/Hyams
in three girls have experienced sexual violence in their Dec 2019
child hood and 73 per cent of boys have experienced Contact person:
physical violence. In some communities, up to 94 per Monika Sandvik-Nylund;
cent of girls have undergone female genital mutilation/ Chief, Child Protection;
cutting, and 22.9 per cent of girls get married before UNICEF Kenya Country
the age of 18. An estimated 43,000 children are Office;
msandviknylund@unicef.org
living in residential care facilities known as charitable
children’s institutions. However, the child protection
system remains too weak to reach the children needing
protection. UNICEF and other partners have supported
the Government to strengthen the child protection by
establishing four Child Protection Centres (CPC), as
well as a Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Wellness Centre
and the national Child Help Line. Given the high interest
of the Department of Children’s Services in scaling up
the CPC model, it will be useful to take stock of the
impact of the existing CPCs and gather lessons learned
with a view to guiding and informing an expanded roll
out of the model.
This formative evaluation of the child protection centre
service model is intended to identify the strengths,
weaknesses and gaps of the model, including its
community outreach component for preventing
and responding to violence against children. The
specific objectives of the evaluation are to: (i) collect
triangulated data on the effectiveness and relevance of
the centres and the prevention and response strategies
for meeting the different needs of girls and boys who
have experienced violence, neglect and/or exploitation;
(ii) assess the extent to which the CPCs are integrated
into the wider child protection system and how the
CPCs are contributing to strengthening child protection
systems in Kenya; (iii) make recommendations on
possible mechanisms that would make regular impact
assessment of end-users possible; and (iv) assess the
sustainability and cost effectiveness of the services
provided through the CPCs.
The intended audience for this evaluation is the UNICEF
Kenya Country Office and the Department of Children
Services in the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection,
as well as other stakeholders and partners working on
child protection in Kenya.
10 Knowledge for Children in Africa - 2019 Publications CatalogueCountry: Malawi
Traditional Practices in Malawi Authors/Contributors
(institutions):
Traditional practices widely deemed as harmful continue Medson Makwemba,
to be practised in Malawi despite concerted efforts by National Statistical Office
of Malawi; Blessings
various stakeholders to abate them. These cultural Chinsinga, Chrissie
practices make especially women and girls occupy
©UNICEF/UN036518/Holt
Thakwalakwa Kantukule and
subordinate positions in society since much is done Alister Munthali, Centre for
in the name of preserving culture, which erodes the Social Research, University
physical and psychological health, dignity and integrity of Malawi; Mekonnen
of vulnerable and marginalized members of society. The Woldegorgis, UNICEF
study targeted households with children aged 8-17 Malawi Country Office;
Simon Haenni and Qingyang
across the country. These households were selected Lin, Center for Child Well-
using a two-stage stratified sampling frame of clusters being and Development,
and households. In total, 7,494 questionnaires were University of Zurich.
administered at household level.
Date of expected
The study shows that girls in particular are subjected publication:
June 2019
to initiation ceremonies including sexual initiation
ceremonies. While some useful lessons are imparted Contact person:
to the initiates, the sexual aspects put girls at risk Mekonnen Woldegorgis;
of contracting sexually transmitted infections and Chief, Research,
Evaluation and Knowledge
unwanted pregnancy. Forty-two per cent of the female Management; UNICEF
respondents reported being married before the age of Malawi Country Office;
18 years. It is evident that most people make decisions mwoldegorgis@unicef.org
on their own on when they want to get married, but for
a higher proportion of women than men families and
others made decisions for them. About a third of the
respondents do not consider these traditional practices
as valuable. While some boys and girls voluntarily enrol
for these initiation rituals, most are influenced by family
members, village elders and village chiefs, claiming
perpetuation of inherited traditions. Culture, of course,
is a very important part of societal identity, but it should
not serve as an obstacle to progress, development and
prosperity.
The study was designed to contribute to systematic
documentation of the prevalence and persistence of
two traditional practices: early marriage and initiation
ceremonies. In particular, it sought to provide regionally
and nationally representative prevalence levels of these
two traditional practices, in order to help establish if
there are regional variations in incidence of these
traditional practices and the principal decision makers.
The ultimate objective is to establish the drivers of
support for these traditional practices that make them
resilient even in the face of concerted efforts to abolish
them.
11Country: Malawi
Evaluation Report of Malawi Child Protection Authors/Contributors
Strategy 2012-2018 (institutions):
Mei Zegers, Silvia Cifarelli,
Bright Sibale Sadia
To address significant challenges to child well-being,
Mahmud Marshall, Lattanzio
the Government of Malawi with the support of UNICEF Monitoring and Evaluation
and other development partners developed a five-year SRL
National Child Protection Strategy (NCPS) 2012-2016
©UNICEF/UN028762
Date of expected
extended to 2018. The overall outcome level result of
publication:
the NCPS is to “protect children from violence abuse, September 2019
exploitation and neglect while mitigating the impact of
HIV on them”. This evaluation follows a theory based Web link:
https://eisi.unicef.
and systems approach to evaluate the degree to which
org/#!/records/431/
the strategy contributed to positive changes on child completedrecordread
protection in Malawi.
Contact person:
The evaluation found that the NCPS is highly relevant Mekonnen Woldegorgis;
to the national child protection context in Malawi. The Chief, Research,
Evaluation and Knowledge
NCPS has set out a robust agenda for strengthening the
Management; UNICEF
national child protection system, and has led to greater Malawi Country Office;
emphasis on a systems approach to child protection mwoldegorgis@unicef.org
in Malawi and embedding of case management in the
system. The approaches that implemented as part
of the NCPS all have potential for scaling up and/or
replication.
The evaluation provides the Government of Malawi,
UNICEF and other key stakeholders with an independent
assessment of the overall performance and results
at outcome level. The evaluation thus struck a
balance between retrospective aspects focused on
accountability and legitimacy and forward-looking
aspects. Specifically, the evaluation feeds into refining
and strengthening Government, United Nations and
UNICEF strategies. It also provides useful insights for
the renewed political commitment to address violence
against girls and boys with the other United Nations
member states in view of the agreement to support the
2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Agenda.
Country: Sudan (To be done jointly with MENARO and other partners)
Understanding the situation of returned migrant Authors/Contributors
(institutions):
children
Harvard University
The research looks at the situation of Sudanese migrant Date of expected
children who have returned from Libya to Sudan. The publication:
©UNICEF/UN026634/Everett
study is intended to inform advocacy efforts, given the 2019 - Q3
major political push towards ‘returns’ and to inform Contact person:
programming about what these children need and what Teona Aslanishvili; Child
a ‘reintegration support package” could look like to Protection Specialist;
address those needs. UNICEF Sudan Country
Office;
The research is intended to address the needs of taslanishvili@unicef.org
Sudanese children who have returned from Libya to
Sudan. It will help to improve the situation of returnee
children by providing up-to-date data to inform the need
and what reintegration support package appropriate to
tackle their need.
12 Knowledge for Children in Africa - 2019 Publications CatalogueCountry: Tanzania
Social Service Workforce Assessment Authors/Contributors
(institutions):
The child protection and the social protection system in To be decided
the United Republic of Tanzania rely upon a similar cadre Date of expected
or workforce for the delivery of programmes, services, or publication:
©UNICEF/UN049182/Farran
benefits. This mainly comprises social welfare officers, December 2019
community development officers, and Tanzania Social Web link:
Action Fund officials – all at district and ward level, www.unicef.org/tanzania
as well as the cadre of community-based volunteers in
Contact person:
the social welfare, community development, and social
Maud Drooglever Fortuijn;
assistance sectors. For the Government to be able to plan Chief, Child Protection;
and budget for the scale up of the social welfare services UNICEF United Republic of
and child protection system and for the scale-up and Tanzania;
sustainable delivery of social protection interventions, mdfortuijn@unicef.org
it needs to understand the social services workforce
currently in place and what is required to deliver on
child and social protection policies and action plans.
Understanding the gap between the current situation
and the requirements can facilitate the development
and implementation of measures to increase numbers Workforce, to enable effective delivery of
of cadre, streamline portfolios, set minimum standards, programmes and services in the fields of child
improve coordination, and strengthen capacity, among protection and social protection. The findings
other things. The Government of the United Republic of and recommendations from the assessment
Tanzania, with support from UNICEF, decided to initiate will inform and increase coherence of
a national Social Service Workforce Assessment to several sectors within government that are
address the above-mentioned gap. responsible for the achievement of results and
delivery of services under the National Plan of
The overall purpose of the Assessment is to propose Action to End Violence Against Women and
measures that improve the adequacy, coherence, Children, and the upcoming National Social
effectiveness, and efficiency of the Social Services Protection Policy.
Country: Zambia
An assessment of case management systems Authors/Contributors:
for improved access to basic social services for EPRI
vulnerable children and adolescents in Zambia Date of expected
publication:
In order to develop an integrated case management 31 May 2019
©UNICEF/UN024085/Rich
system, existing systems at national and subnational Web link:
level need to be examined, and a road map and monitoring https://www.unicef.org/
plan established for integrating case management zambia/publications
systems. More specifically, this will entail a review of Contact person:
existing case management mechanisms and processes Kathlin Brasic; Chief, Child
related to child and family welfare services. This study Protection; UNICEF Country
focuses specifically on children who receive or should Office Zambia;
receive individual attention with their families. It also kbrasicl@unicef.org
provides insight into what is missing and to opportunities
for integration with technical sectors working on social
cash transfers, poverty alleviation, maternal and child
health, family nutrition and food security, basic and
secondary education, early childhood development, and (ii) how services can be strengthened to
persons with disabilities, psycho-social services, child form a comprehensive GRZ integrated case
justice and police protection. management system for child and family well-
being
The research assesses existing case management
systems within, and in relation to, social service The findings of this study will inform the
providers in Lusaka and Copper belt provinces. The priorities and design of a national case
assessment highlights: (i) what exists in terms of co- management system and will contribute the
ordination among different technical sectors and how improvement of response services to identified
they ensure that identified children’s needs for care, children at risk, or having been exposed to
protection, support and professional services are met; abuse, neglect and/or exploitation
13Child-Sensitive
Social Protection
©UNICEF/UN014027/Rich
14 Knowledge for
Knowledge for Children
Children in
in Africa
Africa - 2019 Publications CatalogueCountry: Gabon
Cartography and Analysis of the social protection Authors/Contributors:
system for children in Gabon / Cartographie et Ministry of Social Protection
and National Solidarity;
Analyse du système de protection sociale de l’enfant Social Insurance and Social
au Gabon Security Fund (CNAMGS)
©UNICEF/UN029232/Phelps
Since the 1990s, the Government of Gabon has Date of expected
publication:
initiated reforms to reduce disparities and social 2019
exclusion through more equitable access to social
protection schemes. These include health insurance, Contact person:
reassessing educational allowances, subsidizing certain Judicael Engonga Ekoua;
Social Policy Specialist;
services such as access to water and electricity, paying UNICEF Country Office
allowances and the funding of income-generating Gabon;
activities for low-income population citizens. In 2013, a jengonga@unicef.org
report highlighted the inefficiency of the different social
policies pursued by the successive governments and
identified seven particularly vulnerable groups: large
families, single mothers, elderly people, widows, people
with disabilities, single students, orphans and street
children. The state and development partners found it
difficult to know how children really benefit from these
social protection systems, directly or indirectly.
The purpose of this study is to provide the most
comprehensive possible mapping of social benefits for
vulnerable children across the country and a detailed
analysis of the child protection actors.
This study helps to address the issue of targeting social
safety net beneficiaries and developing a common
understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of
social protection systems currently in place in Gabon to
propose the best possible options for effective care to
vulnerable children.
Country: Ethiopia
Impact Evaluation of Improved Nutrition through Authors/Contributors
(institutions):
Integrated Basic Social Services and Social Cash
UNICEF Ethiopia and
Transfer (IN SCT) International Food and
Policy Research Institute
©UNICEF/UN061106/Knowles
In 2015, UNICEF introduced the Social Cash Transfer (IFPRI), contributions
(SCT) programme in Oromia and SNNP Regions of from the International
Ethiopia. The SCT programme aims to support and Development Institute (IDS)
enhance the implementation of Phase 4 of the Productive Date of expected
Safety Net Programme (PSNP4). Within the SCT publication:
programme, UNICEF is piloting an integrated package of May 2019
multisectoral nutrition services entitled the “Integrated
Contact person:
Nutrition and Social Cash Transfer” (IN-SCT), in Halaba Vincenzo Vinci; Social Policy
and Shashago woredas in SNNPR. Specialist; UNICEF Country
Office Ethiopia;
The impact evaluation formally evaluates the impact vvinci@unicef.org
of the UNICEF-led four-year pilot on nutrition-sensitive
social protection interventions in the scope of the
rural productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP4) –
2014-2018. The evaluation will inform the design of
programming after PSNP4, and inform future UNICEF
programmes supporting the Productive Safety Net
Programme (PSNP) and Urban Productive Safety Net
Programme (UPSNP).
15Country: Malawi
Policy Options to Improve the Educational Impact of Authors/Contributors
the Malawi Social Cash Transfer Programme (SCTP) (institutions):
UNICEF Malawi County
Office
©UNICEF/UN029284/Phelps
Studies have shown that conditional cash transfers
have an impact on education. However, there have Date of expected
only been two studies on unconditional cash transfers publication:
(UCT) and education in sub-Saharan Africa, from August 2019
Kenya and Ghana. Both report that UCTs can have a Web link:
positive impact on education. They also highlight UNICEF Malawi Website
strongly differentiated results by gender, with a Contact person:
greater impact on boys’ schooling. Boys experienced Beatrice Targa;
increased enrolment, and increased attendance of those Chief, Social Policy; UNICEF
previously enrolled. Meanwhile, improvement could only Malawi County Office;
be found for girls who were already enrolled: there btarga@unicef.org
were no new enrolments. The evidence suggests that
UCT households have different preferences concerning and retention, and how SCTP children are
enrolling their children in school depending on whether covered, targeted and impacted by bursary
the child is a girl or a boy. A gendered and contextualized schemes and other programmes to increase
school barrier analysis is needed to identify the the number of years they attend school; ii) to
appropriate contextualized and gender-sensitive policy define and analyse the barriers to attending
and programme options to address these barriers. or remaining in school, disaggregated by
gender, age, primary/secondary level and
The overall goal of this study is to propose programme region (where relevant); and iii) to analyse the
and policy options to increase the impact of the Malawi reasons for particularly high drop-out rates.
Social Cash Transfer Programme (SCTP) on primary
and secondary education, and girls in particular. The The study proposes feasible policy and
secondary objectives are: i) to show how school programme options for the SCTP, including a
enrolment, attendance and retention have evolved among school attendance tracking option, to address
SCTP beneficiaries since initiation of the school bonus these barriers and support children, girls in
as compared to national school enrolment, attendance particular, attending school.
Country: Tanzania
Cash Plus mid-line evaluation Authors/Contributors
(institutions):
Motivated by the largest ever adolescent population UNICEF Office of Research,
in the United Republic of Tanzania entering their UNICEF Tanzania, TASAF,
TACAIDS, and Economic
economically productive years, along with the idea Development Initiative Ltd.
that cash can be leveraged with complementary
programming, the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) Date of expected
©UNICEF/UNI199294
is implementing a pilot targeted towards youth. The publication:
May 2019
Cash Plus pilot, also known as “Ujana Salama” meaning
“Safe Youth” in Swahili, is being implemented within Web link:
the Government’s Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN), www.unicef.org/tanzania
with technical assistance from UNICEF Tanzania and Contact person:
the Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS). The pilot Paul Quarles Van Ufford;
jointly addresses livelihoods skills and education on HIV, Chief, Social Policy; UNICEF
sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and gender equity Country Office Tanzania;
and facilitates linkages to youth-friendly SRH services. pqvanufford@unicef.org
This approach recognizes that youth need a combination
of social, health and financial assets to safely transition
to adulthood. The pilot design was informed by
a consultative process in which the Government, examined include livelihoods; educational or
development partners and researchers came together occupational aspirations; schooling; attitudes,
to identify salient needs and vulnerabilities among such as self-esteem and locus of control and
Tanzanian adolescents and best practices to support gender norms; mental health; exposure to
them. violence; partnerships; SRH and care seeking;
and HIV knowledge, testing and treatment.
The pilot and accompanying evaluation focus on the
impacts of a unique, multi-sectoral, government- The findings of the impact assessment are
implemented intervention targeted to vulnerable expected to inform the further roll-out of Cash
adolescents in impoverished households. Outcomes Plus under the TASAF-PSSN programme.
16 Knowledge for Children in Africa - 2019 Publications Catalogue©UNICEF/UN019012/Mukwazhi
Country: Sierra Leone
Fiscal Space Analysis and Business Case for Social Authors/Contributors
Protection in Sierra Leone 2018 African Economic Outlook
(institutions):
Sierra Leone Jamal ZAYID
Economic Policy Research
Institute, UNICEF
j.zayid@afdb.org
The main social protection initiative in Sierra Leone is the • Sierra Leone held presidential, parliamentary and local
elections in March 2018. The elections were peaceful and
ushered in a new administration headed by President
outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)), reversed this accel-
eration. As a result, the economy contracted by 20.6% in 2015.
However, resumption of operations by one of the two iron ore
World Bank/UNICEF supported safety net programme
Julius Maada Bio, who immediately established a companies – Shandong Iron and Steel Group (SISG) – led to a
Date of expected
transition team with a mandate to facilitate a smooth rebound of the economy, with a growth rate of 6.3% in 2016 and
changeover from the outgoing government. Cabinet an estimated 5.8% in 2017.
appointments have been made, and the inauguration was
on 12th May 2018. After remaining in the single digits throughout 2015 and the first
targeted at the extremely monetary poor households, publication:
half of 2016, inflation jumped to double digits in July 2016. It
• The economy is recovering slowly and GDP growth is
averaged at 15.3% in 2017 from 11.5% in 2016. The increase in
expected to amount to 6.1% in 2018 and 7.0% in 2019,
inflation largely reflects the sharp depreciation of the exchange
far below the rate prior to the iron ore price drop of 2014.
rate during the period and the one-off increase in domes-
Also, the fiscal situation remains challenging as lower
tic pump prices of fuel products in November 2016. Over the
revenue generation and huge expenditure needs have
which since 2013 has reached about 30,000 households December 2019
medium term, inflationary pressures are projected to moder-
led to the deterioration of the fiscal situation. The overall
ate. Year-on-year end period inflation is expected to decline to
fiscal deficit widened to 6.8% of GDP in 2017 from 5.7%
10.5% by the end of 2018 and 9.7% by 2019.
in 2016, and is expected to widen further to 7.7% in 2018
and 7.8% in 2019.
Lower revenue generation and huge expenditure needs cou-
• For Sierra Leone, the prevalent modes of infrastructure pled with the impact of the twin shocks, led to a marked deteri-
in 10 districts. Cumulatively, over 120,000 households
financing are public, private, and donor financing in oration of the fiscal situation. The overall fiscal deficit expanded
Web link (to be provided for
addition to PPP. from 3.9% of GDP in 2014 to 5.7% of GDP in 2016 and 6.8% of
GDP in 2017. It is expected to expand further to 7.7% in 2018
and 7.8% in 2019. The lower than expected inflow of export
receipts created a supply shortage of foreign exchange, lead-
benefited from the various social protection initiatives
OVERVIEW ing to a sharp depreciation of the local currency, the Leone
publications and ToRs that
(SLL), against the USD by an average of 20% in 2016. The pass-
Sierra Leone’s outlook for 2018 and beyond will continue to be through effect of this depreciation set in motion an inflationary
challenging due to uncertainty surrounding the world market trend in the economy. This development challenged the mon-
price of iron ore. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth is etary policy operation throughout 2016 and 2017. To contain
in the country. However, social protection initiatives
expected to amount to 6.1% in 2018 and 7.0% in 2019, far below inflationary pressure, the monetary authorities adopted a tight
are already available online):
the rate prior to the iron ore price drop of 2014. Since the dis- monetary policy stance by increasing the monetary policy rate
covery of iron ore in 2011, the mining sector had been the main (MPR) from 11% to 12% in March 2017, and to 13% later in June.
driver of growth, resulting in an unprecedented growth rate of
21% in 2013. However, the effect of the twin shocks in 2014 The current account deficit increased from 7.8% of GDP in 2016
https://www.afdb.org/
to an estimated 13% in 2017. It is projected to reach 16.9% of
in the country are fragmented with weak monitoring
(the downward trend in the international iron ore price and the
fileadmin/uploads/afdb/
systems. Government budgetary commitments to
Documents/Generic-
social protection capacity are also limited. Existing Documents/country_notes/
social protection initiatives are ad hoc and fragmented. Sierra_Leone_country_note.
Registry, enrolment, and payment systems are limited pdf
with weak structures and inadequate human resources
Contact person:
to expand social protection during emergencies. UNICEF Maryam Onyinoyi Abdu;
Sierra Leone and the World Bank are also supporting Chief, Social Policy Planning
the Government’s development and review of the social and M&E; UNICEF country
protection policy, and development of a strategy and Office Sierra Leone;
cash transfer response for emergencies. mabdu@unicef.org
The general purpose of the study is to advise policy This publication is an advocacy tool to
decisions regarding how to make available more influence the Government’s fiscal discipline in
financial resources in the national budget for investment managing the limited resources available for
in children without jeopardizing fiscal sustainability. social protection. It is also a tool to raise funds
Given Sierra Leone’s low-income country status, this from donors and open discussions about the
study assesses the resources already available to the systems that are needed to reduce targeting
country’s Government. Since the Government’s social inefficiency and inclusion errors. The findings
protection programme is limited and fragmented the will also influence UNICEF’s programming
study reviews the possible cost scenarios of specific focus for its next country programme on
interventions. public finance for children.
17Education and Early
Childhood Development
©UNICEF/UN0120240
18 Knowledge for
Knowledge for Children
Children in
in Africa
Africa - 2019 Publications CatalogueCountry: ESARO
Education Think Pieces Authors/Contributors:
Cambridge Education
UNICEF has commissioned a series of think pieces Publication date:
by leading researchers and practitioners to stimulate Briefs issued monthly from
debate around significant educational challenges facing 2018 and throughout 2019
countries in eastern and southern Africa. These short
© UNICEF/UN0143477/Prinsloo
technical education briefs cover a range of topics, Contact person:
including pre-primary education, teacher performance, Shiraz Chakera;
curriculum reform, gender and equity, and the role of Raising Learning Education Specialist
Outcomes:
parents and caregivers. the opportunities and challenges of ICT for learning (Quality); UNICEF Eastern
and Southern Africa
While the briefs are rooted in evidence, they are not Regional Office (ESARO);
research papers, and nor do they represent official schakera@unicef.org
UNICEF policy. The Think Pieces, which will be
AGA KHAN FOUNDATION Aga Khan Education Services
published on the global UNICEF blog, aim to engage
and inspire fresh thinking to improve learning outcomes
for all children.
Countries: ESARO (Eswatini, Kenya, Namibia)
The role of social norms on the decision to provide Authors/Contributors:
Symen Brouwers
schooling to children with disabilities
Date of expected
publication:
Disabilities create vulnerabilities that lead to children’s
November 2019
©UNICEF/UN060473/Knowles
exclusion from the education system. Schools and
communities must make decisions that affect children Contact person:
with these vulnerabilities. For example, schools may Alvaro Fortin;
need to ensure basic services, such as availability of Education Specialist;
UNICEF Eastern and
water, before deciding on the acquisition of accessible Southern Africa Regional
learning materials or building a ramp to facilitate access Office; afortin@unicef.org
to classrooms. Families with limited resources may also
need to decide which goods and services they can
procure to assist their children and, in extreme cases,
which children they can afford to send to school. In this
context, research on school attendance has found that
children with disabilities are on average 30 per cent less
likely to go to school, almost 50 per cent of children with
disabilities are out of school and, of these, 85 per cent
have never been to school. While rates of enrolment and
attendance are estimated to have increased in the last
10 years, new strategies to reduce the gaps that persist
must become more refined and better targeted.
This report is the first step in a wider process to develop
tools that can provide a better picture of the challenges
faced by children with disabilities and how information
on access and infrastructure conditions can be enhanced
by improving EMIS and surveys. The study includes
analysis of how the actors surrounding the child make
decisions on schooling when there are limited resources
and hindrances, taking into account the social norms
influencing the decision-making process.
They could potentially be used to prioritize
This study is intended to improve understanding of activities to develop multi-year implementation
whether social norms affect the decision-making plans targeting children with disabilities,
process on providing children with disabilities with identify the major obstacles to ensuring all
access to education. Eventually, it is hoped that a set children have access to education, prepare
of valid tools can be developed to measure the weight a monitoring baseline for children with
of several behavioural drivers among various actors disabilities and provide evidence to inform
making these decisions. policies.
19Country: Angola
Evaluation of the Child-friendly Schools in Bie and Authors/Contributors
Moxico Provinces (2019) (institutions):
Provincial Education
The evaluation presents a critical assessment of the Directorates in Bie and
Moxico, the Ministry of
achievements of the Child-Friendly Schools Project Education of Angola, Peter
and determines best practices on improving access, Matz, independent expert.
retention, and learning outcomes in the intervention
©UNICEF/UNI196040
schools in two provinces in central Angola. Date of expected
publication:
The document examines the extent to which the Child- September 2019
Friendly Schools Project complied with the criteria of Contact person:
relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability Wesley Galt;
based on objective evidence. It also looks t the extent to Education Specialist;
which the child-friendly schools demonstrate sensitivity UNICEF Country Office
to issues related to gender, equity, and child rights, and Angola; wgalt@unicef.
which practices and approaches could be scalable at org; Carlos Javier Cuellar;
provincial and national level. M&E Specialist; UNICEF
Country Office Angola;
The evaluation is an up-to-date analysis of the impact the cjrodriguezcuellar@unicef.org
Child-Friendly Schools Project had on the beneficiaries
(students, teachers, parents and so on) and how it
will be maintained after its conclusion. It will provide
stakeholders with concrete recommendations on what
needs to be promoted and scaled up at the national and
provincial levels and the minimum conditions that need
to be established.
Country: Republic of Congo
Study of gender-based violence against children in Authors/Contributors
(institutions):
schools, including online violence, in the Republic of
UNICEF/ Ministry of Primary
Congo / Etude sur les violences de genre dans les and Secondary Education.
établissements scolaires, y compris la violence en
©UNICEF/UN016928/Dejongh
Date of expected
ligne, en République du Congo publication:
May 2019
Gender-based violence in schools including online
violence has become increasingly important phenomena Contact person:
in the Republic of Congo. Students are the main Achille Olloy;
victims, but they experience differing types of violence Education Specialist;
depending on their sex. While girls and boys can be UNICEF Country Office
Republic of Congo;
perpetrators and victims, but the extent and type of aolloy@unicef.org
violence is usually different. Gender-based violence in
schools has been identified as one of the factors behind
children and adolescents dropping out of school. In this
context, UNICEF and the Government have decided to
conduct a study on all forms of gender-based violence
in secondary schools, including online violence.
The overall objective of the study is to analyse the The findings will contribute to strengthening
impact of gender violence on the public education national capacity to legislate, plan and budget
system, especially on girls. It will specifically focus on for scaling up interventions that prevent and
all forms of violence that children and young people respond to violence, abuse, exploitation and
experience in Congo; physical, sexual, psychological neglect of children and adolescents, including
and emotional, and online violence due to increased online protection. They will also support
access to the Internet and use of mobile phone – and implementation of a case management system,
the extent of this violence. including developing tools, protocols and
procedures to improve tracking and referral of
cases of violence, exploitation and abuse.
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