Knowledge Organiser: April 2021 Year 8 - "Wise men and women are always learning, always listening for fresh insights." Proverbs 18:15 (The Message)
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Student Name:
Knowledge Organiser: April 2021
Year 8
“Wise men and women are always learning, always listening for fresh insights.”
Proverbs 18:15 (The Message)
Determination – Integrity – Ambition – Humility – Compassion
Using Your Knowledge Organiser
Your teachers have worked hard to produce this document for you and have selected the most important knowledge that you will need to know to make good progress in
their subjects. You should aim to learn all the information in your knowledge organiser off by heart.
Try out some of the strategies listed here to help you achieve this.
1. Read the knowledge organiser and ensure you understand it. 8. Write a set of test questions for yourself using the organiser.
Try and make links between the information on it and what • Answer these without the organiser the next day.
you already know and do. • Swap your questions with a friend to increase
challenge.
2. Look, Cover, Write, Check – the traditional way of learning • Turn your questions in to a game by putting them
spellings! on cards and playing with friends.
3. Create a Mnemonic – Using the first letters of keywords create 9. Chunk the knowledge into smaller bitesize sections of around
a memorable sentence or phrase. 5 pieces of information. Concentrate on mastering a chunk
before you start on the next.
4. Create an acronym – using the first letters of keywords to
create a word to prompt you to remember all of the 10. Try to make connections between the information and people
information. you know. E.g. Visualise yourself trying these strategies with a
specific teaching group.
5. Write it out in full on a blank version of the same format.
11. Talk about the information on the knowledge organiser with
6. Write it out in note form, reducing it to key ideas or words. Try another person. Teaching someone else about it helps us learn
the same format but a smaller piece of paper. it.
7. Recreate the knowledge organiser as a series of images and 12. Say the information out loud – rehearse it like learning lines
words for a play, or sing it as if you are in a musical!
Year 8 — English (Hamlet)
Context—The Renaissance
1. 2. Glossary 3. Glossary 4. Glossary 5. Glossary
Shakespeare wrote his plays and poetry during the
Old English Modern Old English Modern Old English Modern Old English Modern
Elizabethan Renaissance. The English Renaissance took place
English English
during the 16th century and continued through into the
early 17th century. The Renaissance is described as a time Adieu Farewell Ne’r Never Doth Does Thither There
of ‘rebirth’ and new ideas. People began writing poetry and Anon Soon Nought Nothing E’en Evening Thou art You are
drama, composing music, painting, and experimenting with Thy Your
Aye Yes Oft Often Fare thee Goodbye
what the arts meant to them.
Come hither Come here Perchance Maybe Tidings News
The whole reason the theatre became the force it was in Foe Enemy
Counsel Advice Plague Curse Whereto To which
this period was due to this excess of wealth of members of
Hark Listen Will Desire
the court, for the first time the average person had the Decree Order Pray Beg
Hie go Woe Misery
ability to pay for unnecessary entertainment in the theatre.
Discourses Speaks Privy Informed
Methinks I think Romantically
Over the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I, the Dispatch Kill Thee; thou You Woo
country transitioned between two religions; Catholicism and Morrow Days pursue
Puritanism. Puritans were very strict Christians who were Nay No Wrought provided
against any form of fun or entertainment. They believed
that the theatre distracted man from praising and
worshipping God as he should be doing in all his free time.
6. 7. Characters often
follow a system
that shows their
development
throughout a narrative.
This is often called a
‘character arc’, the
diagram below shows
the different
predicaments a
character faces over
the beginning, middle,
and end of a narrative.
Year 8 Knowledge Organiser. Half term 5.
TECHNICAL VOCABULARY- Geometry TECHNICAL VOCABULARY- Percentages
Vertex (pl. A point where two edges meet (a corner).
vertices) Percentage A proportion, like a fraction
Edge In a 3d shape it is where two faces meet. expressed out of 100
Interest An increase expressed as a
Face A plane surface enclosed by edges.
percentage. Commonly found in bank
Prism Has a cross sectional shape that extends all the way through the accounts and mortgages.
solid. Depreciate A decrease, usually expressed as a
Elevation A 2d drawing of an object as a vertical view from the front or side. percentage.
Multiplier A value used to find, increase or
Plan A 2d drawing of an object as a horizontal view from above.
decrease by a percentage
Parallel Lines that remain the same distance apart.
Finding a Percentage Multiplier
Sum Sum is to add.
Congruent Congruent shapes are the same in every way to each other. They
Increase by 12%
have the same size sides and the same size angles as each other.
100% + 12% = 112%
Similar Similar shapes are the same as each other but are a different size. All
112 ÷ 100 = 1.12
squares are similar regardless of what size their sides are.
Perpendicular Perpendicular lines meet at a right angle.
Decrease by 32%
100% - 32% = 68%
68 ÷ 100 = 0.68
Volume: Length x Width x Height
Using a Percentage Multiplier
Surface area: Calculate the
surface area of each face, and Original x Multiplier = New
then sum them all together. Increase £250 by 12%
250 x 1.12 = 280
Half-Term __5___________________ Subject ____8 _____ Theshold Concept Link(s)__Forces and reactions __
Topic Key Words Exam Command Words
1.Exothermic A chemical reaction where heat energy moves from the
system to the surroundings. 1. Resultant force A single force which can replace all the forces
2.Endothermic A chemical reaction where heat energy moves from the acting on an object and have the same effect.
surroundings to the system. 2. Contact force A force that acts when the objects are physically
3.Trend A pattern in properties, such as an increase or decrease. touching.
4.Unreactive Elements that take part in few chemical reactions are 3. Drag The force acting on an object moving through air
unreactive. or water that causes it to slow down.
5.Reactant Substances that react together, shown on the left of the 4. Equilibrium The state of an object when opposing forces are
arrows in a chemical equation. balanced.
6.Product Substances that are formed in a chemical reaction, shown
5. Elastic limit The point at which an object will not return to its
on the right of the arrow in a chemical equation.
7.Conservation of mass In a chemical reaction, the total mass of reactants is equal original shape when the forces deforming it are
to the total mass of products. This is conservation of mass. removed.
Mass is Conserved in chemical reactions and in physical 6. Hooke’s law A law that states if you double the force on an
changes. object, the extension will double.
8.Thermal A chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down on 7. Extension Change in length.
decomposition heating to form more than one product.
9.Diatomic pure gaseous elements that form molecules consisting of 8. Moment The turning effect of a force.
two atoms of the same element bonded together.
9. Centre of mass The point in an object where all the mass of an
object seems to act.
IChoose Reward Words
20.Independent the variable that is changed or selected by the
variable investigator
21.Dependent variable The variable that is measured
22.Control variable Variables that you keep the same
23.Unit What something is measured in e.g. the unit of
distance is metres.
24.Method A series of step-by-step instructions.
25.Pattern A regular sequence.
26.Prediction A statement suggesting what will happen in the
future.
27.Hypothesis An explanation you can test which includes a
reason and a ‘science idea’.
28.Continuous data Has values that can be any number
Half-Term 5 History Topic: Second World War CHRONOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING,CAUSE, CONSEQUENCE, CHANGE, SIGNIFICANCE
TIMELINE
1933 Germany begins to rearm. TECHNICAL VOCABULARY
ALLIED POWERS An alliance during World War II made up of the countries that opposed the aggression of Nazi
1936 German troops march into Rhineland.
Germany. Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union were the most prominent
1938 Austria and Germany unite. members, although many other countries also joined.
APPEASEMENT The British and French policy of conceding to Adolf Hitler’s territorial demands prior to the outbreak
1938 Appeasement agreement (Munich Pact).
of World War II.
1939 Hitler invades Czechoslovakia and Poland. AXIS POWERS The collective term for Germany, Italy, and Japan’s military alliance in opposition to the Allied
Powers.
1939 Britain and France declare war on Germany. BATTLE OF BRITAIN An extended campaign from July 1940 to the spring of 1941 in which British air forces fought off
wave after wave of German bombers and denied Germany in its quest to attain air superiority over
1940 Evacuation of Dunkirk.
Britain.
1940 Battle of Britain. BATTLE OF A brutal, five-month battle between German and Soviet forces for the important industrial city of
STALINGRAD Stalingrad that resulted in the deaths of almost 2 million people.
1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union. Literally “lightning war,” the term for Hitler’s invasion strategy of attacking a nation suddenly and
BLITZKRIEG
with overwhelming force.
1941 The Japanese, who were already waging war against the Chinese, attacked the US pacific
fleet at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii. D-DAY June 6, 1944, the day on which the Allied invasion of France via the Normandy coast began.
1942 Russia starts to push the German army backwards.
FASCISM A system of government dominated by far-right-wing forces and generally commanded by a single
1943 German army surrenders at Stalingrad.
dictator.
1944 D-Day landings. Pearl harbor A major United States naval base in Hawaii that was attacked without warning by the Japanese air
force on December 7, 1941, with great loss of American lives and ships.
1945 Germany surrenders and the war is over.
Atomic bomb A powerful and destructive bomb that gets its power from the energy released when atoms are
1945 Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki split
V-E day The day on which the Allied forces declared victory in Europe.
1945 The Japanese unconditionally surrendered to the allies ending the second world war. V-J day The day on which the Allied forces declared victory over Japan.
Key Facts Key People
Although the Treaty of Versailles had Chancellor and self-proclaimed Führer, or “leader,”
Adolf Hitler
forbidden Germany to rearm, Hitler ignored of Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.
this. From 1933 onwards he began to rearm
Germany in preparation for War. Neville The prime minister of Britain from 1937 to 1940,
Chamberlain who advocated a policy of appeasement toward
the territorial demands of Nazi Germany.
The policy of appeasement failed because
Hitler failed to keep his word and invaded
Czechoslovakia and Poland. Winston The prime minister of Britain during most of World
Churchill War II. Churchill was among the most active
leaders in resisting German aggression and played
The early war in Europe demonstrated the a major role in assembling the Allied Powers,
strength of the German army. However, the including the United States and the USSR.
Battle of Britain, marked an important Franklin The 32nd U.S. president, who led the country
turning point as Britain resisted the German Roosevelt through the bulk of World War II until his death
attack. from a cerebral hemorrhage in April 1945, just a
few months before the war ended.
Despite the harsh conditions and extreme
brutality of the Battle of Stalingrad, this
Joseph Stalin General secretary of the Communist Party of the
proved to be a major turning point in the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953.
war, as Germany suffered defeat to the
Soviet union.
Half-Term _HT5 Globalisation Subject: Geography Threshold Concept Link(s) _____________________
Globalisation The process of the world becoming
Globalisation refers to the process by which the world’s local and
interconnected by trade and culture
regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated exchange
together through a global network of communication, transportation and Interdependent When 2 or more countries depend on each
trade. other in some way
Culture The ideas, traditions and behaviour of
There are three main forms of globalisation: groups of people
Trans National Company A company that operates in more than one
1. Economic globalisation– The growth of trade between countries, country
Food miles The distance food is transported from the
caused by Trans National Companies, improved transport and time of its making until it reaches the
development of EDC countries consumer.
2. Cultural globalisation–The sharing of culture, art, media, sport, Containerisation A shipping method were goods are transported
in large standardised containers.
and leisure pursuits around the world. For example: Hollywood
Advanced Country AC The richest and most developed countries in
films, Premier league football and Korean K Pop being popular across the world, example the UK, USA and Japan
the world Emerging Developing Country Middle income countries that are developing
3. Political globalisation– Organisations like the United Nations, EDC quickly, for example China, Brazil and India
European Union and bringing countries together to discuss global Low Income Developing Country The poorest and least developed countries in
problems and create solutions. LIDC the world, for example Zambia and Tanzania
United Nations UN An international organisation that maintains
peace and encourages development
Changes to employment structure
Half-Term 5 Subject French Y8/9 Holidays Threshold Concept Link(s): Expressing opinions, comparing and contrasting
Qu’est-ce que tu aimes faire pendant les vacances ?
Week 1
Opinion Infinitive Because In my opinion Verb Infinitive
Ça me dérange de = I get annoyed aller – to go se reposer – relax
Je suis fasciné par = It fascinates me voyager – to travel lire – read
parce que à mon avis
Je suis amusé par – I have fun séjourner – to stay prendre des photos – take photos
Je suis déçu par – It disappoints me nager – to swim acheter des souvenirs – buy souvenirs
Je m’en fiche de – I’m not bothered about faire du ski– to ski je peux = parler la langue– speak the language
car selon moi
J’apprécie = I appreciate voler – to fly I can faire du tourisme – go sightseeing
Je préfère – I prefer acheter – to buy essayer des repas locaux– try local dishes
Il vaut mieux – it’s worth se reposer – to rest découvrir la culture – discover the culture
J’en ai marre de – I’m fed up of se bronzer – to sunbathe envoyer les cartes postales – send postcards
Je suis d’accord avec – I am in favour of danser – to dance manger la nourriture typique = eat typical food
Week 2
Verb Time expression Nouns Connective Noun Verb Infinitive Nouns
Je vais = I go toujours = always en Espagne = to Spain mais = but je = I préfère = aller = to go en italie = to Italy
en France = to France prefer au Portugal = to Portugal
Je voyage = I travel presque toujours = en avion = by plane mon frère voyager = to travel en bateau = by boat
nearly always en voiture = by car ma sœur en train = by train
Je séjourne = I stay normalement = dans une caravane = in a caravan cependant = ma mère préfère = séjourner = to stay dans un hôtel = in a hotel
normally dans une tente = in a tent however ma famille prefers dans un auberge = in an inn
Je nage = I swim souvent = often dans la mer = in the sea mon père nager = to swim dans un lac = in a lake
dans une piscine = in an indoor pool mon cousin dans une piscine = in a swimming pool
ma grand-mère
J’achète = I buy généralement = les souvenirs = souvenirs acheter = to buy un porte-clés = a keyring
generally un postal = a postcard mes parents et moi un béret = castanets
ma mère et moi du fromage = some cheese
Je me bronze = I quelquefois = à la plage = on the beach pourtant = ma grand-père et moi préférons = se bronzer = to à la plage = on the beach
sunbathe sometimes à côté de la piscine = next to the pool however mon frère et moi prefer sunbathe à côté de la piscine = next to the pool
Je visite = I visit parfois = sometimes les monuments = the monuments mon père et moi visiter = to visit le stade = the stadium
le château = the castle mon oncle et moi le musée = the museum
l’aquarium = the aquarium le parc d’attractions = the theme park
Je mange = I eat rarement = rarely les escargots = snails alors que = mes parents manger = to eat la nourriture typique = typical food
la tartiflette = cheesy potatoes while mes grands-parents les repas locaux = local food
Je bois = I drink de temps en temps = de la limonade = lemonade mes amis préfèrent = boire = to drink le vin rouge = red wine
from time to time de l’eau minérale = water mes cousins prefer la bière = beer
Je lis = I read en général = generally un roman = a novel tandis que = lire = to read un magazine = a magazine
un livre = a book whilst un journal = a newspaper
Half-Term 5 Subject Spanish Y8 Spanish communities Threshold Concept Link(s): Expressing opinions , use of the preterite tense.
Big questions ¿Adónde fuiste en España el año pasado? ¿Qué fue lo bueno y lo malo de visitar España?
Week 1
Time frame Infinitive Noun Preposition Infinitive
El año pasado = Last year Fui a = I went to Córdoba en Andalucía ver la Mezquita = to see the great mosque of Córdoba
La semana pasada = Last week
Santiago de Compostela en Galicia ver la Alhambra = to see the Alhambra
Hace dos años = 2 years ago
La primavera pasada = Last spring Fuimos a = we went to Granada en Andalucía ver la Giralda = to see the bell tower of Sevilla cathedral
El verano pasado = Last summer Logroño en La Rioja ver el Guggenheim = to see the Guggenheim museum
El otoño pasado = Last autumn
Fueron a = they went to Bilbao en El País Vasco para = to ver la Sagrada Familia = to see the Sagrada Familia
El invierno pasado = Last winter
Anoche = Last night Valencia en Valencia ver el Camp Nou = to see Nou Camp stadium
El fin de semana pasado = Last Visité = I visited Barcelona en Cataluña andar El Camino de Santiago = to walk the Santiago Way
weekend
Anteayer = The day before La capital de España, Madrid comer la morcilla = to eat black pudding
yesterday Visitamos = we visited Oviedo en Asturias beber la sidra = to drink cider
Ayer = Yesterday
Burgos en Castilla y León comer mariscos = to eat seafood
Visitaron = they visited
Week 2
Connective In my opinion Opinion Infinitive and noun Verb Adjective
ver los estadios famosos de fútbol = bomba = great
a mi juicio podía = I was able to to see famous football stadiums
porque comer los platos diferentes de la región = fenomenal = great
a mi modo de ver me encantó = I loved to eat different, regional dishes
ya que visitar los museos conocidos = increíble = incredible
para mí me moló = I loved to visit well known museums
puesto que andar en los parques bonitos = Lo pasé = I had a … time mal = bad
desde mi punto de vista me chifló = I loved to walk in pretty parks
dado que hablar el idioma = Lo pasamos = We had a .. time estupendo = great
a mi parecer me gustó = I liked to speak the language
ver las catedrales hermosas = espléndido = splendid
to see beautiful cathedrals
sacar fotos de las playas doradas = divertido = fun
to take photos of the golden beaches
admirar el paisaje magnífico =
to admire the marvellous scenery
Half-Term- 5 Subject- Year 8 Drama- Genre Threshold Concept Links- Generate ideas in response to a stimulus and create a
performance using drama techniques.
Key elements of the Horror Genre:
• Suspense TECHNICAL VOCABULARY
• Tension Genre Different styles of theatre.
• Atmosphere Body language How you move/hold your body to show attitude and feelings.
• Music Victorian
Melodrama
1800s plot- big vocal and physical actions. It includes stock characters
of Heroes and Villains.
• Sound effects Horror Theatre that attempts to scare and build suspense.
• Character Naturalism Theatre that tries to look life real life.
• Plot Elizabethan English theatre in the reign of Elizabeth I.
• Unknown Theatre
• Fear Slapstick Big physical and visual humour
• Scared Epic Political theatre from the early 1920s and 1930s.
• Frighten Verbatim Documentary style of theatre. Uses interviews and real life events.
• NarrationHalf-Term 5 Subject; Music Y8 Threshold Concept Link(s) Area of Study; The Scale of Things
TECHNICAL VOCABULARY
Major Scale Have 8 note, can start on any note and are bright (happy) sounding
Scales
Minor Scale These also have 8 notes, can start on any note, but have a more mysterious, (Sad)
A scale is a set of notes going up and down in alphabetical order. sound.
There are many different kinds of scales, each of which is given a name according to its sound and the note on Pentatonic Scale This scale has only 5 notes, (as the name suggests) Some say this has a Chinese
which it begins. sound.
Major Scales Blues Scale This has 7 notes, and is often used in Jazz or Pop music.
These have 8 notes, and can be played on any note, and have a bright sound. C Major, (i.e. the major scale
beginning on C) is the easiest to play: Whole tone Scale A scale consisting entirely of intervals of a tone, with no semitones.
Chromatic Scale A scale that starts on any given note, and uses every single not in order to get to the sa
and octave higher or lower.
Interval An interval is the Gap between Two notes
Tone A tone is a full step between any two notes. It has to have a note in between, e.g. C
to D has D# in-between.
Semitone A semitone is the half step in-Between 2 notes e.g. the D# between C & D
Minor Scales A Sharp A sharp makes a note 1 step higher
These also have 8 notes, but have a more mysterious (some people say sad) sound.
A Flat A flat makes a note one step lower
A Natural A natural cancels a Sharp or flat.
You can use a simple rhyme to help you learn the note names of the line;
Every Good Boy Deserves Football
And for the spaces; In the space spells FACETECHNICAL VOCABULARY AND QUOTES
Parable A story with a meaning
Y 8 Religion and Street pastors Christian volunteers patrol the streets to help and care
for vulnerable people.
Social Responsibility
Soup Kitchens Places where people, often homeless, can go to get warm
food.
Food banks Places where people who are struggling to buy food can
go to get food.
Poverty Salvation Army A Christian denomination (group) that has played a big
Causes of • Wars role in supporting vulnerable people.
Poverty • Natural disasters
The Ummah The Muslim community
• Debt
• Cash Crops
The Decalogue (Ten Commandments) which say that Jews and Christian should not murder – so they
Year 8 Term 3
• Lack of education
• No clean water must help the sick; should not steal – so they must help the poor and unemployed; should honour
• Poor health care parents – so they should provide old age pensions etc.
Wealth and Poverty The Golden Rule says that Christians must treat other people as they want to be treated. Anyone who
is rich would want a welfare state if they were poor, so Christians should support the Welfare State.
Christian • Christians believe that people who have lots of money should share it with people who do
Teaching not.
• Christians believe that money should only be made in a good way The Parable of the Sheep and the Goats says that Christians should feed the hungry, clothe the naked,
• Christians believe that if people are rich they can love money more than they love God visit the sick and help those in prison, and this can only be done properly by a Welfare State.
• Jesus told parables, such as the sheep and goats, about people sharing their wealth with the
poor Am I my brother’s keeper – When God asked Cain where his brother was in Genesis after he had killed
him Cain asked whether he was his brother’s keeper. God punished Cain for his lack of care for other
Muslim • Muslims believe that if you help those who are in need you will get to heaven people. This means that Christians do have a responsibility for others.
Teaching • Muslims believe that to be a true Muslim you can’t ignore the needs of the vulnerable
• Muslims believe that you should give 2.5% of your savings to help the poor.
The Work of Charities
Tear Fund In 1960, Christians concerned with the terrible suffering of 40 million
Christian Groups that work in the Local Community
refugees created by war sent money to the Evangelical Alliance. In 1968
What year did Food Banks start and by 2004 and by Paddy Henderson
Tearfund was formed.
whom?
How Tearfund helps:
Which agencies work with the Food banks Police and Social workers are able to issue vouchers
• Prayer is at the heart of what Tearfund does
Where does the food come from? Donated by members of the public and supermarkets
• Works with local communities to provide specific needs like
When was the Salvation Army started and by 19th Century and by William and Catherine Booth education
whom? • Start churches
Name two things the Salvation Army does. Set up soup kitchen, Toy distribution at Christmas
When are where did Street Pastors start? 2003 and in Brixton Much of the money raised for Tearfund comes from evangelical churches
What organisations work with Street Police and emergency services and by people volunteering to give up a year to work in local communities
Pastors? abroad.
What things do the Street pastors do? Give out flip flops, help people get taxis at the end of a night if they Muslim Aid How Muslim Aid helps:
are drunk. • Develops long-term sustainable development
• Campaigns for justice and to end poverty
• It works through partner organisations
• The poor are supported regardless of race, religion, gender or
political beliefHalf-Term: HT5 Y8 Subject: Art Threshold Concept Link(s): Draw from observation and use a range of tone to create form
TECHNICAL VOCABULARY
Still Life A group of inanimate objects that are grouped together to be drawn or painted
Genre A category in art
Proportion The relationship between things in size
Measurement The size of something
Tone How light or dark something is
Contrast A big difference (between tones)
Accuracy Correct
Observational The subject is in front of you while you draw it
Form 3 dimensional shape
Shape The outline of something
Measure shoe to the actual size
Add highlights to provide
contrast
Make sure toes lift up
Add a small dark shadow under
the shoe
Add contrasting tones to create form and make the shoe look
more 3DCategories of wood ACCESS FM – Design considerations
Hard wood Oak used for high end furniture Aesthetics Describing its appearance.
Ash used for sports equipment Cost How much to make and sell it for?
Beech used in children’s toys Client Who is the product aimed at?
Mahogany used for outdoor furniture Environment Where will it live?
Soft wood Spruce used in construction Sustainability Is it made from materials that are easily replace?
Parana pine used for high end furniture Safety Sharp corners?
Red Cedar used for outdoor cladding Loose components?
Scots pine used for Unstable?
Manufactured MDF used for flat packed furniture Comes apart easily?
board Chip board used for kitchen work tops Nontoxic materials!
Plywood used for making boats Function How will it work?
Materials & Manufacture What will it be made from?
What equipment is needed to make it?
Finishes that can be applied on wood
Danish oil Kitchen work tops
Clear Varnish Outdoor and indoor Furniture
Specification A detailed list of requirements that describes what the
Stain Outdoor fencing and sheds
product
Paint Doors and frames
Wax Indoor furniture
Components
Nut and bolt • Needs a clearance hole to fit in.
• Used to connect two or more objects
together (any material).
•
Round headed •
screw
Counter sunk screwYear 8 HT 5 Subject – Food Technology Threshold Concept Link(s) Healthy Eating guidelines and Food Metabolism
Practical knowledge PASTRY DOUGH
Pastry Types Bread Dough TECHNICAL VOCABULARY
Shortcrust- apple pie, jam tarts • Uses yeast as a raising agent BMR Basal metabolic rate, the rate in which our body uses the energy our food gives
us
• Ratio of fat to flour 1:2 • Strong flour to enable bread to rise and Hidden fats Fats you cannot see- Sauces, Cakes, Drinks
• Rubbing in method holds its structure
• Waterproof flour • Warm water to activate the yeast Invisible sugars Found in breakfast cereals, sauces, cereal bars, fruit juices. There are also other
• Shorten gluten strands • Salt to flavour the dough names for sugar.
• Buttery, crumbly texture • Kneading to activate the gluten to make Metabolism The rate in which our body breaks down and absorbs the food we eat
Filo- samosas, spring rolls, baklava it elastic and create gluten strands
Calorie Measure of energy provided by food
• Bought fresh or frozen • Proving the dough in a warm place and
• Very thin and fragile, dries out quickly fermentation will occur Healthy balance Calories eaten equals calories expended to maintain a healthy weight
• Use in layers • Shaping the dough and proving again
Puff pastry- sausage rolls, palmiers • Baking to seal in the air co2 and steam RDA- Recommended daily allowance The amount of each nutrient
meet the requirements of the
• Laminating pieces of fat in between which makes the bread rise PAL Physical activity level-The amount of extra activity you do per day such as sport.
folds of pastry Enriched dough- Chelsea buns and pastries
• Needs to be chilled before rolling • Fat is rubbed into flour EAR Estimated average requirement- Calories required per day to maintain body
Choux pastry- profiteroles, eclairs • Egg and milk used as well as water weight
• Hot pastry using strong flour to enable • This adds moisture Macro nutrient Nutrients required in large amounts; Carbohydrates, fats, protein
the product to rise • Flavour and colour Micro nutrient Nutrients required in small amounts; Vitamins and minerals
• Very aerated to accommodate a filling • Also lengthens shelf life as fat is a
preservative and traps in moisture Food Technology
HT 5
Facts which determine how fast we metabolise our food
Government Healthy Eating Guidelines
Age (Young) Genetic make up
Base meal on starchy foods (carbohydrates) Eat less sugar (Reduce obesity and diabetes)
• Children require less calories • The rate and efficiency we metabolise
• High in energy • Hidden sugars in fast foods
• More energy rich food as they are our food can be genetic
• They are more filling • Use natural sweeteners like fruit juice
active • Obesity can also be genetic
Health • Digest easily
• Require high protein for repair and
growth • People who are recovering from illness Eat 7-10 portions of fruit and vegetables a day Eat more fibre (Healthy digestion)
Age (Old) require less calories due to inactivity • To access the full complement of • Eat more whole grains Brown bread,
• Fewer calories, as they are less mobile and ease of digestion vitamins and minerals required past, rice
• Protein rich foods for repair • Need to eat a varied diet • Eat plenty of raw fruit and veg
• Less fat due to less activity Other factors affecting metabolism
Gender • Fibrous foods take more energy to Eat less salt >6g per day Eat at least two portions of fish a week
• Men have more muscle digest like celery than the calories they • Reduces high blood pressure • Oily fish rich in Omega 3
• Tend to be larger actually contain
• Fast foods and ready meals contain • white fish low fat form of HBV
• Women lay down more fat • Some foods are more calorific than high salt content
• Pregnancy requires increased intake of nutritional
calories • Variations in enzyme levels and gut Eat less saturated fat (Animal fats) Drink plenty of water
Activity level- EXERCISE bacteria and intestine length • Use healthier cooking methods like • Keep you hydrated helps brain function
• Input should be relative to output Uses of energy grilling Be more physically active
• A marathon would use around 6- • 10% Aids digestion • Trim fatty meat before cooking (bacon) • Helps maintain a healthy body weight
8000kcal • 20% Physical activity
• Inactivity could result in weight gain • 70% Basic functions of organs and
tissues (BMR)IT- Programming -Half-Term 5 Box 1 Box 2
Programming
TECHNICAL VOCABULARY
Constant variable A variable that has been set to a given value and does not change
Algorithm Steps to solving a problem.
Command Instruction given by a user telling a computer something, such as run a
program.
Debug A process of correcting errors in your code
Co-ordinates The position
Repetition/loop Allows us to repeat certain code a certain number of times or even
forever
Selection A decision or choice. Depending on the answer, the program will follow
a choice and ignore others
Flowchart A Diagram that represents a process
Logic A particular way of thinking. This is usually reasonable and based on
good judgement.
Box 3 Variable Used to store information. This can be changed or adapted
Sequence Arranged in a particular order
Programmed Providing a computer with coded instructions
Process Series of steps taken in a particular way
Data Pieces of information
Box 4
Selection allows us to include more Iteration in programming means
repeating steps, or instructions, Sequencing is the specific order in which
than one path through an
algorithm. repeatedly. This is often called a instructions are performed in an algorithm.
‘loop’.HT 5 – Nutrition/Anatomy and Physiology Subject: Physical Education Threshold Concept Link(s):
Protein Growth and repair, can be found in chicken, eggs, beans etc. Key Knowledge
Carbohydrates Source of energy, can be found in pasta, rice, potatoes etc. Cardiovascular/Circulatory Organ system that allows blood to circulate and transport nutrients,
Fats Source of energy, store energy and to insulate. Can be found in
System oxygen carbon dioxide, hormones, blood cells to and from cells in the
butter, oil nuts etc. body. Made up of heart, lungs, veins, arteries, capillaries.
Water Needed for hydration, cells and bodily fluids, can be found in Short term responses to Increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, redness, sweating,
water, fruit juice and milk. increased temperature
exercise
Fibre Provides roughage to keep the digestive system healthy, can be
found in vegetables, bran etc. Long term responses to Lower resting heart rate, increase in number of red blood cells,
exercise increase in heart size and strength, increased muscle size and
Vitamins Needed in small amounts to maintain health, can be found in
strength, increase in energy production.
fruit, vegetables, dairy food etc.
Minerals Needed in small amounts to maintain health, can be found in The amount of times the heart beats per minute; this will increase
Heart Rate when we exercise
salt, milk (calcium), liver (iron) etc.
The amount of times we breathe per minute; this will increase when
Breathing Rate we exercise
The term used to explain how we move blood and nutrients around
Circulate the body
Working muscles The muscles being used for any given activity
Oxygen The main source of energy, delivered around the body in the blood
The main waste product from exercise removed in the blood and the
Carbon Dioxide breathed out
Collects on the skin and the evaporates to cool us down when we
Sweat production exercise
Hygiene Anatomy and Physiology
Sports clothing Allows the body free movement when exercising Arteries Carries blood/oxygen away from the heart
Does not restrict movement
Veins Carries blood back to the heart
Allows the body to breathe to prevent overheating
Washing Showering is required to ensure that sweat is removed as this Capillaries Where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide
contains bacteria Growth and repair Our body will recover from exercise when we rest and will
Deodorant Masks the smells created when we sweat in the short-term become stronger and more efficient
Does not clean or remove body odours if washing hasn’t Muscular adaptations Muscles will be bigger (Hypertrophy)
happened after exercise due to exercise Muscles will be stronger
Antiperspirant Assists in preventing sweat from forming Muscles will be able to work for longer without getting
fatigued (tired)
Clean clothing Clothes used in sport will collect sweat which will contain
bacteria and begin to smell Skeletal adaptations due Bones will become stronger (more dense)
Changing all items of clothes after physical activity is important to exercise Joints will become more stable
after physical activity Joints will be more flexible (move more)You can also read
