LEEDS CITY REGION Labour Market Analysis 2013/14
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LEEDS CITY REGION
Labour Market Analysis
2013/14
By Felix Kumi-Ampofo and Tanya Spakovica, Regional Economic Intelligence Unit, Leeds City Council Commissioned by the Leeds City Region Local Enterprise Partnership
Contents
1 Foreword 3
2 Executive Summary 4
3 Introduction and Context 7
4 The Supply of Skills into the Leeds City Region Labour Market 17
5 The Economy and Implications for Skills Demand 39
6 Mismatch and Alignment 53
The support and contribution of Sue Cooke and Nigel Guy (Leeds City Region), Louise Tearle and Michele
Sutton (Leeds City Region Skills Network) and Joanne Beaumont and Daniel Penn (University of
Bradford) and Ian McGregor Brown at HEART is especially acknowledged.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 2Foreword
1
As a LEP Board member and the Whilst this particular report does not set out to provide the
incoming chair of the LEP’s answers to these questions, it does contribute some
Employment & Skills Panel, I am meaningful intelligence to ensure that our choices and plans
delighted to introduce this report, are well informed.
the LEP’s third annual analysis of
key labour market trends. As the report sets out, the economic outlook remains difficult
and opportunities for addressing unemployment, especially
Developed in partnership with the for young people, are limited. We must ensure that the public
Leeds City Region Skills Network, led and private investment in vocational education is as focused
by Michele Sutton, it is intended to be as possible on teaching high quality, relevant and transferable
used by all the colleges, universities, skills which will equip our future workforce to compete
employment & skills providers who successfully with the best in the world. Our City Region has
plan their skills offer in response to distinctive strengths in the following sectors and we should
both individual and employer demand. continue to encourage talent to grow and prosper,
particularly in these fields of comparative opportunity:
This Labour Market Analysis is a key
ingredient in our Partnership • Finance and business services
Agreement, as it focuses the debate • Manufacturing and engineering
on the changing nature of the labour
• Digital and creative industries
market and prompts questions we all
need to ask ourselves, such as • Bio-science and medical technology
• Low Carbon and Environmental Industries
• As a student, what course of study
• Transport and logistics
should I follow and what are my
chances of getting a job in a On behalf of the LEP, its Employment & Skills Panel and the
related field? Skills Network, we invite you to read this year’s rich body of
analysis and to reflect on its implications for your own
• As an education/training provider,
contribution to our region’s future prosperity.
how should my curriculum
respond better to meet the
changing nature of jobs in
the economy?
• As a business, how should I
communicate my skills needs
better to providers of vocational
education and how can I get more
involved in offering work
experience to young people? Stephanie Burras Michele Sutton OBE
CEO Ahead Partnership Principal and CEO,
• As a teacher, how can I welcome Chair of LEP Employment Bradford College
& Skills Panel Chair of the LCR Skills Network
more business people into the
classroom to ensure my students
are well prepared for the world
of work?
3 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14Executive Summary
2
This report presents the state of the The City Region remains a key national centre for textiles
Leeds City Region (LCR) labour and clothing – employment levels are 4.5 times and 2.3
market within the context of its times the national average respectively in these sectors
economy. It shows the key supply
and demand side challenges, the The Supply of Skills
strengths and weaknesses and
The latest population projections from ONS suggest that the
prospects for growth.
0 to 10 population in LCR will grow by 13% over the next
decade, below the England average (16%). Leeds and
Context
Bradford districts lead the way in absolute growth terms,
Over the last ten years, Gross Value unsurprisingly. Selby district is projected to experience the
Added (GVA) in LCR grew by 4% highest percentage growth in this age cohort (22%).
similar to the growth of workforce Harrogate and Craven however, are expected to experience
jobs in the economy. This is in contrast the least change; 5% and 6% respectively.
to the 14% GVA growth and 5%
An analysis of the February 2013 claimant count data shows
workforce jobs growth enjoyed by the
very little change over the last year, with the LCR Job Seekers
UK economy over the last decade.
Allowance claimant rate at 4.8% compared to 4.9% in the
However, over the last 12 months,
UK. There were almost 91,200 claimants in the city region at
economic activity rates have picked
the end of February 2013.
up in LCR and outperformed the
national average.
GCSE and Higher Education
According to the Business Register
LCR districts have continued to improve GCSE attainment
Employment Survey, published by the
levels over the last decade. However, there still remains a
Office for National Statistics, total
substantial gap between the best and worst performers. In
employment in LCR in 2011 stood at
2005/6, only 31% of students in Barnsley achieved 5+ A*-C
1.3m. Health, manufacturing and
grades (including maths and English), compared to 54% in
retail remain the largest employers in
North Yorkshire – a gap of 23 percentage points. By 2011/12,
the city region. Transport and storage
this gap had only shrunk to 20 percentage points. Of the
and health created the most new jobs
eight Local Education Authorities that make up LCR, four
in the period between 2008 and 2011.
remain below the national average (although Wakefield is
Construction and accommodation and
now only very marginally below) and three remain below the
food services, lost the most jobs in
LCR average, in terms of GCSE achievement. These are
that same period.
Barnsley, Bradford and Leeds. Given that the Leeds and
The BRES data further suggests that Bradford districts have 45% of the youth population (0-19)
LCR economy has strong specialisms in in LCR, their continued under-achievement should remain a
key sectors like manufacturing, finance, concern, despite the continued improvement.
transport and storage and wholesale.
The proportion of the population with NVQ4+ qualifications (or
LCR’s manufacturing employment in
equivalent) has increased from 33% in 2008 to 39% in 2012 in
2011 (138,000) was higher than any
Britain. In LCR, the highly qualified population has increased
other LEP area in England.
from 30% to 35% (representing 465,300 people) since 2007.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 42
This improvement, whilst Adult intermediate apprenticeships increased by 145% over
commendable, still lags the the period whilst adult advanced apprenticeships rose by
national average. 85%. Increases in youth apprenticeships were much more
muted in comparison.
FE
HE
In total, there were 190,158 starts in
2010/11 in the under 19 category in Business Administration and subjects allied to Medicine are
FE. Healthcare and Creative and the most popular courses in Higher Education (HE) in LCR
Cultural studies attracted the most according to data from the Higher Education Statistics
starts. Hair and Beauty also continues Authority. These accounted for 13% each of total
to be popular. It is an accessible enrolments in 2011/12. Social Studies and Languages also
course for some students who might proved popular.
otherwise not engage with further
The latest data from the annual Destination of Leavers in
education. However, the LCR
Higher Education (DLHE) survey shows that 62% of the
economy will require a greater
2010/11 graduate cohort from LCR Higher Education
proportion of highly skilled labour in
Institutions (HEI) had secured graduate level employment
the workforce to improve its
within 6 months of their summer graduations, compared to
competiveness. This though should
61% the previous year.
not be at the expense of entry level
opportunities.
NEETs
Amongst the 19+ age group there were
LCR has a lower NEET rate than Greater Manchester and the
95,000 starts in FE. Healthcare (13%),
Yorkshire average. As part of the City Deal with central
Business IT and Telecoms (13%) were
government, the city region has set itself an ambition to
the most popular in terms of starts,
drive down the NEETs rate over the medium term.
followed by Adult Social Care (11%).
In absolute terms the number of NEETs in LCR was
Between 2009/10 and 2010/11, overall
estimated to be 5,809 in December 2012. A year before
apprenticeship starts increased by
then, the estimate was 7,333.
65% due almost exclusively to the
sharp rise (119%) in adult
The Demand for Skills
apprenticeships over that period driven
by government policy. It is worth In the medium term, the LCR economy is forecast to create
noting though that overall almost 45,000 new FTE jobs, according to the Regional
participation in FE and training actually Econometric Model (REM). Administrative and support
fell during this period. The impact of services, land transport, storage and post and professional
this policy has been to “shift” adult services are forecast to create the most jobs, followed by
training from Train to Gain to retail, accommodation and food services and finance. These
Apprenticeships as opposed to actually new jobs constitute an expansionary demand for labour,
increasing overall participation. arising due to these sectors growing bigger within the LCR
economy and requiring further human resources.
5 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/142
All occupations are forecast to require Alignment and Mismatch
significant replacement of labour over
the next decade due to retirements. In Overall, six of the nine key sectors assessed are
the period from 2010 to 2020, a total over-represented on the supply side to varying extents.
of 567,000 job opportunities are These are hospitality, health and social care, digital and
expected to occur in LCR due to creative, ICT, low carbon and environmental industries and
replacement demand. When construction. This suggests that proportionally, there are
compared to the 50,000 expansion more people studying courses related to these sectors than
demand opportunities, the scale the sector’s share of the workforce. The other three sectors
becomes apparent (UKCES, Working are over-represented on the demand side. These are
Futures, 2012) manufacturing, finance and business services and logistics
and transport.
The occupational profile in LCR is
forecast to undergo significant change Despite the limitations of the available data and the approach
over the next decade. This will be employed, this will hopefully provide students, careers
characterised largely by continued advisers and policy makers with some useful information
growth in high human contact about these sectors and the opportunities available.
occupations like Sales and Customer
Service and Caring as well as strong
growth in high skilled occupations like
Managers and Directors, Professional
Occupations and Associate
professional. Lower skilled occupations
like Elementary and Process Plant
operatives are forecast to shrink as a
share of the labour force.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 6Introduction and Context
3
This report presents the state of the Leeds City Region (LCR) labour market within the context of
its economy. It shows the key supply and demand side challenges, the strengths and weaknesses
and prospects for growth. Furthermore, the report discusses the relative performance of the
labour market compared with LCR’s peers and ends with an illustration of the extent of possible
alignment and mismatches in the supply of and demand for skills.
The Leeds City Region economy is undergoing significant change, in line with the rest of the UK, as it emerges
from the current economic malaise. UK central government remains faithful to its key economic plan to
reduce the deficit, reduce public sector expenditure and boost the private sector. The Government’s skills
strategy (Skills for Sustainable Growth and Investing in Skills for Sustainable Growth) published in November
2010 was founded on the “Coalition’s principles of fairness, responsibility and freedom”. The strategy focuses
heavily on promoting apprenticeships and some of the key policy announcements included:
• Expanding the numbers of adult (19+) apprenticeships available by up to 75,000 by 2014-15 and
increasing funding for adult Apprenticeships by up to £250m over the Spending Review period
• Reshaping apprenticeships so Level 3 becomes the level to which learners and employers should aspire.
• Ensuring there are clear routes from apprenticeships to higher level training including, but not
exclusively, Level 4 Apprenticeships.
The Leeds City Region Economic Picture - Current
Over the last ten years, Gross Value Added (GVA) in LCR grew by 4% similar to the number of workforce
jobs in the economy as figure 1 below shows. This is in contrast to the 14% GVA growth and 5%
workforce jobs growth enjoyed by the UK economy over the last decade. LCR underperformed when
compared to the national average and the implications are more pronounced when population data is
analysed over the same period. The city region’s population grew strongly (9%) compared to the UK (7%)
over the last decade. Working-age population however grew at twice the national average (12%: UK – 6%).
Such population growth, fuelled by strong growth in net in-migration, puts the need for a job creation
boost into sharp focus and underlines the scale of the challenge facing policy makers in the City Region.
Fig 1: Summary Economic View of LCR
2002 2012 % Change % Change
2002-2012 2002-2012 UK
Total Output (GVA) (£bn) 49.2 51.3 4% 14%
Total Workforce jobs (Millions) 1.4 1.5 4% 5%
Working age population (Millions) 1.7 1.9 12% 6%
Total population (Millions) 2.8 3.0 9% 7%
Household disposable Income (£bn CVM) 36.1 38.2 6% 10%
Household spending (£bn) 33.2 37.0 12% 10%
Source: Experian 2012
7 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/143
Economic activity rates have been falling since the 2008 recession but over the last 12 months, there has been a marked
improvement in LCR compared to the UK average as shown below.
Fig 2: A snapshot of Economic Activity in the LCR, 2011-2012
Variable 2011 Oct 2011-Sep 2012 12 Month Change
Number % Number % LCR UK
Economic Activity
Economic activity rate - aged 16-64 1,463,300 74.8 1,484,900 75.8 1.0 0.6
Employment rate - aged 16-64 1,320,800 67.5 1,352,800 69 2 0.5
Economic Inactivity
% who are economically inactive - 492,100 25.2 474,900 24.2 -1.0 -0.6
aged 16-64
% of economically inactive who 101,500 20.6 106,100 22.3 1.7 0.5
want a job
% of economically inactive who 390,600 79.4 368,900 77.7 -1.7 -0.5
do not want a job
Unemployment
Unemployment rate - aged 16-64 142,500 9.7 132,100 8.9 -0.8 0.1
Source: NOMIS 2013
The Leeds City Region Economic
Picture - Forecast
The LCR economy is forecast to grow by 23% in GVA terms over the next decade as depicted in figure 3 below. Full Time
Employment is also forecast to grow by 10% over the same period. Household spending and disposable income are also
forecast to grow strongly. These forecasts are however subject to change depending on how quickly the UK economy recovers
and whether LCR is able to take advantage of the opportunities that will arise.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 83
Fig 3: Summary Economic View of LCR
2002 % Change % Change
2002-2012 2002-2012 UK
Total Output (GVA) (£bn) 62.9 23% 24%
Total Workforce Jobs (Millions) 1.6 7% 7%
Working age population (Millions) 2.1 8% 10%
Total population (Millions) 3.2 7% 8%
Household disposable Income (£bn) 46.3 21% 23%
Household spending (£bn) 45.0 22% 25%
Source: Experian 2012
Performance of Leeds City Region Labour Market through Recession
(Using Business Register of Employment Survey from ONS)
Total employment in Leeds City Region, 2008-11
Total employment in LCR in 2011 stood at 1.3m. Against the backdrop of the recession, this is a drop of
39,000 (-2.9%) since 2008, very similar to the total decline of 3% across Great Britain as a whole (see
figure 4 below). There was a small fall of 1,600 ( 0.1%) over the last year, which was again in line with the
GB (-0.2%).
Fig 4: Employment Change, 2008-2011
Change, 2010-11 Change, 2008-11
Number % Change Number % Change
Leeds City Region -1,600 -0.1% -38,800 -2.9%
Great Britain -46,900 -0.2% -859,000 -3.0%
Source: Office for National Statistics
Figure 5 shows the pattern of change over time since 2008. LCR had a substantially smaller drop in 2009
than the national average, but this was followed by a much sharper fall in 2010.
9 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/143
Fig 5: Employment Change, 2008-11
Source: Office for National Statistics
Leeds City Region Great Britain
Employment in the main industries in Leeds City Region
Of the 17 sectors shown in figure 6, health is the biggest in LCR, with a 2011 total of 164,000, or 12.6% of all City Region
employment. Other major employers include manufacturing (138,000, or 10.6%), retail (130,000, or 9.9%), education (127,000, or
9.7%) and business administration & support services (102,000, or 7.8%).
The two sectors that created the most new jobs between 2008 and 2011 were transport & storage (+12,900, or +22%) and health
(+12,900, or +9%). The only other industries to expand significantly were mining, quarrying & utilities (+4,700 jobs, or +40%) and
professional, scientific & technical services (+2,600, or +3%). The fastest growing industry in percentage terms was mining,
quarrying & utilities.
The greatest number of job losses was in construction (-13,300 jobs or -18%), followed by accommodation & food services (-12,900
jobs, or -14%). Manufacturing (-9,500 jobs, or -6%), education (-9,200 jobs or -7%) and retail (-8,100 jobs or -6%) also suffered
substantial job losses. Financial & insurance services lost 9% of its 2008 employment (6,000 jobs), while the property services
sector suffered the biggest percentage drop in employment of any of the major sectors (-22%, or -5,100 jobs).
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 103
Fig 6: Employment change in LCR by industry, 2008-11
Industry Total Employment Employment Change, 2008-2011
2008 2011 No. %
Mining, quarrying & utilities 11,600 16,300 4,700 40.3%
Manufacturing 147,300 137,700 -9,500 -6.5%
Construction 75,900 62,600 -13,300 -17.6%
Motor trades 25,800 26,500 700 2.7%
Wholesale 65,300 62,900 -2,400 -3.7%
Retail 137,000 128,900 -8,100 -5.9%
Transport & storage 59,500 72,400 12,900 21.7%
Accomm/food services 91,100 78,200 -12,900 -14.2%
Info & communications 40,900 40,200 -600 -1.6%
Finance & insurance 66,200 60,300 -6,000 -9.0%
Property 22,900 17,800 -5,100 -22.1%
Prof, scientific & technical 86,900 89,400 2,600 3.0%
Business admin/support 103,100 101,500 -1,600 -1.5%
Public admin & defence 65,500 63,600 -1,900 -2.9%
Education 135,800 126,600 -9,200 -6.8%
Health 151,300 164,200 12,900 8.5%
Arts, rec, other services 53,500 52,600 -900 -1.6%
All industries 1,340,900 1,302,200 -38,800 -2.9%
Source: Office for National Statistics
Comparisons with Employment Change in GB
Looking at the proportion of total employment in each of these industries in LCR and GB, the structure of the City Region
economy is broadly similar to that of the country as a whole. LCR has higher shares in manufacturing, transport & storage,
wholesale, education and financial services and below-average shares in several service industries, including accommodation &
food, information & communications, and professional, scientific & technical services.
11 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/143
However, the pattern of change by industry since 2008 has differed substantially from the national
average in a number of sectors. Those industries in which LCR has performed substantially better than
the rest of GB include:
• mining, quarrying & utilities (a 40% increase locally compared to 16% nationally)
• transport & storage (+22% in LCR against -3%)
• motor trades (+3% against -4%)
• business administration & support services (-2% against -7%)
• manufacturing (-6% in LCR compared to -9%)
• professional, scientific & technical services (+3% against no change)
Conversely, the City Region performed less well than GB in the following industries:
• property services (-22% in LCR compared to +5% nationally)
• accommodation & food services (-14% against -3%)
• education (-7% against -1%)
• retail (-6% in LCR compared to -3% across GB)
• construction (-18% against -15%)
At this point, it is worth noting that nationally, the labour market has performed remarkably well
throughout this economic downturn - especially over the last 12 months. Despite very sluggish – if not
non-existent - GDP growth, employment levels have increased. This implies that productivity is falling.
The reasons for this are varied but not explored in this review.
Industrial specialisation in Leeds City Region
An alternative measure of the significance of individual industries is the level of employment
‘specialisation’ that exists in LCR in comparison to the GB average. This is measured by comparing the
share of total jobs in a particular industry within LCR to that industry’s national share. For example, if a
sector has a specialisation figure of 200, that means it has twice as big a proportion of local employment
as the national average. Conversely, a score of 50 means that an industry is only half as important to the
City Region as it is nationally.
This way of looking at specialisation is important, since it enables us to identify those key sectors in the
local economy that comprise only a small proportion of total employment, but which form a significant
part of the national total in that industry.
Figure 7 shows the specialisation scores for the 17 principal industries highlighted in earlier tables, and
also how these have changed between 2008 and 2011. Among these industries, there are four that have
at least 20% more jobs in LCR than the national average: manufacturing, transport & storage, financial &
insurance services and wholesale activities. Between 2008 and 2011, transport & storage experienced a
dramatic increase in its specialisation score, having been similar to the national average at the start of
the period. The other sectors saw relatively little change in their specialisation levels from 2008.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 123
There are four industries that have employment levels at less than 90% of the national average:
information & communication services, property services, accommodation & food services and arts,
recreational & other services. Specialisation levels in both accommodation & food services and in
property services dropped sharply between 2008 and 2011.
Mining was the other sector to experience a significant move in specialisation, with an increase from 83%
of national levels in 2008 to equal the GB average by 2011.
Fig 7: Specialisation by industry in LCR
Employment Specialisation scores (GB average = 100)
in 2011 2008 2011
Manufacturing 137,700 121 124
Transport & storage 72,400 98 123
Financial & insurance 60,300 125 122
Wholesale 62,900 117 120
Motor trades 26,500 104 112
Education 126,600 115 107
Mining, quarrying & utilities 16,300 83 100
Construction 62,600 103 100
Health 164,200 96 98
Public admin & defence 63,600 97 98
Business admin/support 101,500 93 98
Retail 128,900 99 96
Prof, scientific & technical 89,400 89 92
Arts, rec, other services 52,600 87 88
Accomm/food services 78,200 99 88
Property 17,800 112 83
Info & communications 40,200 81 81
All industries 1,302,200 100 100
Office for National Statistics; LCR calculations
13 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/143
A much clearer insight into the sectors in which the City Region has a strong national specialisation
emerges from analysis of a more detailed industrial breakdown. Figure 8 below uses a classification of
employment into 85 separate industries, and shows the 22 sectors in which LCR has specialisation scores
of at least 20% above the national average.
Fig 8: Employment specialisation in LCR – detailed industrial breakdown
Employment Specialisation scores (GB average = 100)
in 2011 2008 2011
Manufacture of textiles 11,200 346 455
Manufacture of furniture 10,200 219 290
Mining of coal & lignite 700 282 236
Manufacture of wearing apparel 3,100 105 230
Manufacture of other non-metallic 7,800 158 197
mineral products
Veterinary activities 4,200 54 185
Publishing activities 11,300 176 178
Water collection, treatment & supply 2,200 119 166
Printing & reproduction of recorded media 8,600 153 150
Manufacture of paper & paper products 3,700 119 147
Manufacture of beverages 2,400 183 144
Manufacture of coke & refined 600 113 143
petroleum products
Financial service activities, except 34,500 144 140
insurance & pension funding
Warehousing & support activities 26,600 94 139
for transportation
Remediation activities & other 200 130 134
waste management services
Manufacture of electrical equipment 5,600 82 133
Manufacture of other machinery & equipment 11,400 162 131
Manufacture of chemicals & chemical products 6,300 130 131
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 143
Manufacture of food products 21,000 132 131
Electricity, gas, steam & 6,800 101 127
air conditioning supply
Land transport & transport via pipelines 30,900 118 126
Wholesale trade, except of motor 62,900 117 120
vehicles and motorcycles
Source: Office for National Statistics; LCR calculations
Some of the key points arising from this table include:
• the City Region remains a key national centre for textiles and clothing – employment levels are 4.5
times and 2.3 times the national average respectively in these sectors
• publishing and printing are strong activities locally, also perhaps associated with the high levels of
paper manufacturing
• other manufacturing sectors in which LCR is strong include furniture, food, drinks, non-metallic
minerals, electrical and other equipment, and chemicals
• despite job losses since 2008, there remains 40% more employment in financial services (banking
and building societies) than the GB average
• there are also specialisations in water supply, waste management and energy supply
• the City Region is also a logistics centre, with strong specialisations in wholesale and warehousing
Leeds City Region industrial structure compared to other LEP areas
Leeds City Region is one of 39 LEP areas in England. Looking at how LCR compares to the others:
• with 1.3m jobs, LCR is the 3rd largest behind the London and South East LEP areas
• only three LEP areas enjoyed employment growth between 2008-11 (Gloucestershire, Cornwall & the
Isles of Scilly and Oxfordshire). LCR’s rate of job loss over the period ( 2.9%) was ranked 21st of the
39 areas
• LCR's manufacturing employment in 2011 (138,000) was higher than any other LEP area, this
represented 10.6% of total employment
• the 60,000 workforce in financial services placed LCR 2nd behind only London, and 6th of the 39 LEP
areas in terms of the proportion employed in that sector (4.6%)
• LCR had 269,000 people working in business services as a whole (including financial services), the 3rd
highest number behind London and Greater Manchester LEP areas. This represented 20.7% of
total employment.
• there were 89,000 employed in professional services in LCR in 2011, 6.9% of the total. This placed
LCR 4th of 39 areas in terms of total jobs
15 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/143
Conclusions
• Over the last decade, the LCR economy performed strongly but still lagged the UK average
across many key indicators like GVA and employment.
• However, over the last 12 months, economic activity rates have picked up in LCR and
outperformed the national average.
• According to BRES, produced by ONS, health, manufacturing and retail remain the largest
employers in the city region. Transport and storage and health created the most new jobs in the
period between 2008 and 2011. Construction and accommodation and food services, lost the
most jobs in that same period.
• The LCR economy has strong specialisms in key sectors like manufacturing, finance, transport
and storage and wholesale.
• LCR’s manufacturing employment in 2011 (138,000) was higher than any other LEP area
in England.
• The City Region remains a key national centre for textiles and clothing – employment levels are
4.5 times and 2.3 times the national average respectively in these sectors
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 16The Supply of Skills
4
This chapter looks at the supply of skills into the LCR labour market and economy. It considers changes in population,
unemployment and qualifications and assesses the changing skills profile of the city region labour force.
Population
The latest population projections from ONS suggest that the 0 to 10 population in LCR will grow by 13% over the next decade,
just below the England average (16%). Leeds, Bradford and Kirklees districts lead the way in absolute terms, with projected
total growth of 32,000 representing 61% of the total. In percentage terms, Selby of projected to experience the highest growth
rate (22%) with Harrogate and Craven witnessing the least; 5% and 6% respectively as figure 9 below show.
Figure 9: Forecast change in 0-10 year group in LCR, 2011 - 2021
Craven
Harrogate
York
Selby
Barnsley
Calderdale
Wakefield
Kirklees
Bradford
Leeds
Source: ONS Sub-National Population Projections
Absolute Change % Change
17 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
Figure 10 shows that eight of the ten districts that make up the City Region will have fewer teenagers by the next decade
compared to present levels. Bradford, however, is forecast to experience a 3% increase in the same age group over that period. .
Figure 10: Forecast change in 11-20 year group in LCR, 2011–2021
Wakefield
Barnsley
Harrogate
Kirklees
Craven
Calderdale
York
Selby
Leeds
Bradford
Source: ONS Sub-National Population Projections
Absolute Change % Change
Together, figures 9 and 10 suggest strong growth in the youth population over the next decade although the number of
teenagers is expected to fall. These projections are based on the 2011 census.
Unemployment
The latest claimant count data shows very little change over the last year, with LCR Job Seekers Allowance (JSA) claimant rate
at 4.8% compared to 4.9% in the UK. There were almost 91,200 claimants in the city region, as at the end of February 2013.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 184
Figure 11: Job Seekers Allowance Claimants in LCR
Male Female Total
Number Rate% Number Rate% Rate%
February 2012
Leeds City Region 63,326 6.6 28,317 2.9 4.8
UK 1,141,242 5.6 544,747 2.7 4.1
February 2013
Leeds City Region 61,125 6.4 30,061 3.1 4.8
UK 1,065,990 5.2 547,799 2.7 4.9
Source: NOMIS 2012
The plight of younger people with regards to their employment prospects has attracted great attention throughout the
economic downturn. Figure 12 below shows that even though this remains a key issue in LCR, there has been some relative
improvement over the last 12 months.
Figure 12: Youth Job Seekers Allowance Claimants in LCR February 2013
Male Female Total
No. % 12 month No. % 12 month No. % 12 month UK 12
change change month
change
Youth Claimants
Aged 18-24 17,430 11.8 -1.3% 8,915 6.0 -0.2% 26,345 8.9 -0.7% -1.2%
Aged 18-24, claiming 6,005 4.1 0% 3,070 2 0.1% 9,075 3.1 0.1% -0.2%
for over 6 months
All Claimants
Claiming for over 61, 17,835 1.9 0.6% 7,290 0.8 0.3% 25,120 1.3 0.4% 0.3%
12 months
Claiming for over 9,735 1.0 -0.5% 5,585 0.6 -0.1% 15,320 0.8 -0.3% -0.3%
6 months
Source: NOMIS 2012
19 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
The proportion of youth claimants (18 and 24 age group) is 29%, which is the same as it was 12 months ago. Male youth
claimants in LCR have fallen by 1.9% during this period.
Overall, long-term claimants (claiming for over 12 months) have risen by 2.9% over the last 12 months. This remains a critical
issue for the city region especially given the impending changes to the benefits system.
GCSE Performance
LCR districts have continued to improve GCSE attainment levels over the last decade. However, there still remains a substantial
gap between the best and worst performers. In 2005/6, only 31% of students in Barnsley achieved 5+ A*-C grades (including
maths and English), compared to 54% in North Yorkshire – a gap of 23 percentage points. By 2011/12, this gap had only shrunk
to 20 percentage points as figure 13 below shows.
Figure 13: 5+ A*-C grades inc. English & Mathematics GCSEs
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Barnsley 30.7 31.5 33.1 39.3 40.2 44.4 45.3
Bradford 34.0 36.3 36.9 41.6 44.4 47.5 52.4
Calderdale 43.8 45.7 50.3 50.6 54.5 59.4 61.1
Kirklees 40.8 42.8 45.6 47.4 52.8 59.3 62.0
Leeds 40.4 42.1 46.4 45.9 50.6 53.7 55.0
North Yorkshire 53.5 54.2 54.7 58.6 61.6 63.2 65.6
Wakefield 42.9 46.5 51.3 49.3 55.8 57.4 59.3
York 48.8 54.5 53.8 59.2 59.1 62.1 62.7
LCR Average* 41.9 44.2 46.5 49.0 52.4 55.9 57.9
Yorkshire and Humber 40.3 42.5 44.4 47.3 52.0 54.6 57.3
England 45.6 46.3 47.6 49.8 53.5 59.0 59.4
Source: Department for Education Statistics, 2013 *This includes all of North Yorkshire
Of the eight Local Education Authorities that make up LCR, four remain below the national average (although Wakefield is now
only very marginally below) and three remain below the LCR average, in terms of GCSE achievement. These are Barnsley,
Bradford and Leeds. Given that the Leeds and Bradford districts have 45% of the youth population (0-19) in LCR, their
continued under-achievement should remain a concern, despite the continued improvement.
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Higher Level Qualifications
Since the Leitch Review reported in 2006, considerable policy attention has been focused on increasing the proportion of the
working-age population with high level skills. In Britain, the proportion of the population with NVQ4 or above qualifications (or
equivalent) has increased from 33% in 2008 to 39% in 2012. In London, this has increased from 45% to 54% in the same
period as shown in Figure 15 below.
Figure 14: Change in Level 4+ Qualifications 2008-2012 (%)
Derby, Derbyshire,
Nottingham and
Nottinghamshire
Greater Birmingham
and Solihull
Greater Manchester
Leeds City Region
London
West of England
York, North Yorkshire
and East Riding
Great Britain
Source: ONS Annual Population Survey 2012
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
However, in the Greater Birmingham and Solihull LEP area only a very marginal improvement has been recorded – from 30.1% to
30.4%. In LCR, the highly qualified population has increased from 29% to 33% since 2007. This improvement, whilst commendable,
still lags the national average.
Further Education and Training
The number of enrolments, starts and achievements in FE and training in LCR has remained steady over the last few years, as
Figure 15 shows.
21 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
Figure 15: Enrolments, Starts, Achievements and Training in LCR FE
Source: Data Service SFA
2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011
Enrolments, starts and achievements increased from 2008/9 to 2009/10 but then fell in the 2010/11 academic year by 3%, 3%
and 2% respectively. It is important to note here that the data presented here is supplied by the Skills Funding Agency’s Data
Service. The number of enrolments, starts and achievements shown do not directly correspond to individuals. In other words,
there is a significant element of double counting inherent in these figures as students often enrol and start more than one
course or module in an academic year. It is also worth noting that the data used in this analysis is aggregated based on where
the learning takes place rather than the learner’s postcode. It therefore shows the learning and training on offer in LCR, the vast
majority of which will be accessed by learners who are resident within LCR boundaries.
When study preferences are analysed by age, some clear differences in subject of study become apparent. Employability
courses are offered to most students in FE, therefore this has been excluded from the graph below. In total, there were 190,158
starts in 2010/11 in the under 19 category in FE.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 224
Fig 16: Under-19 Starts in FE 2010/11
Healthcare 9%
Creative & Cultural 9%
Hair & Beauty 7%
Construction 7%
Active Leisure, Learning 7%
& Well-being
Hospitality, Leisure, 6%
Travel & Tourism
Land-Based & 6%
Environmental Industries
Business, Administration 4%
& Governance
Children & Young People 4%
Science, Engineering & 4% Source: Data Service SFA
Manufacturing Technologies
Healthcare and Creative and Cultural studies attracted the most starts in the
2010/11 academic year. Hair and Beauty also continues to be popular. It is an
Business Information, 4%
Technology & accessible course for some students who might otherwise not engage with further
Telecommunication education. However, the LCR economy will require a greater proportion of highly
skilled labour in the workforce to improve its competiveness. This though should
Process & Manufacturing 4% not be at the expense of entry level opportunities.
Central Government, 3%
Including Armed Forces
Automotive Industries 3%
Creative Media 2%
23 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
Fig 17: Top 10 Under-19 Starts, 2009/10 - 2010/2011
Creative
& Cultura
Construction
Hair & Beauty
Healthcare
Land-Based &
Environmental
Industries
Active Leisure,
Learning & Well-being
Hospitality, Leisure,
Travel & Tourism
Science, Engineering &
Manufacturing
Technologies
Children &
Young People
Business Information
Technology &
Telecommunication
2009/2010 2010/2011 Source: Data Service SFA
Between 2009/10 and 2010/11, learner preferences changed significantly in some of the key sector areas within this age group. For
example, starts in Creative and Cultural studies fell by over 2,000 whilst Active Leisure and Wellbeing, Business IT and Telecoms,
and Process Manufacturing all fell by over 1,000 starts.
On the other hand, Adult Social Care, (900), Hair and Beauty (700), Automotive Industries (450) and Science, Engineering &
Manufacturing Technologies (400) all recorded much higher starts.
Amongst the 19+ age group there were 95,000 starts in FE. Healthcare (13%), Business IT and Telecoms (13%) were the most
popular in terms of starts, followed by Adult Social Care (11%) as Figure 18 below shows. Within this age group choices were
more widely spread across the spectrum.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 244
Fig 18: 19+ Starts in FE 2010/11
Healthcare 13%
Business Information 13%
Technology & Communication
Adult Social Care 11%
Hair & Beauty 7%
Lifelong Learning 5%
Construction 4%
Building Services Engineering 4%
Finance, Accountancy 4%
& Financial Services
Supporting Teaching 4%
& Learning in Schools
Source: Data Service SFA
Hospitality, Leisure, 3%
Travel & Tourism
When the two age groups are compared, the data suggests that the 19+ group are
more conscious of the prevailing opportunities in job market and are thus making
Land-Based & , 3% their choices accordingly. This is no surprise given the age difference the experience
Environmental Industries
and exposure these bring.
Health & Safety 3%
Children & Young People, 3%
Business Administration 2%
& Governance
Process & Manufacturing 2%
25 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
Fig 19: Top 10 19+ Starts 2009/10 - 2010/2011
Healthcare
Business Information
Technology &
Telecommunication
Adult Social Care
Hair & Beauty
Lifelong Learning
Construction
Building Services
Engineering
Finance, Accountancy &
Financial Services
Hospitality, Leisure,
Travel & Tourism
Land-Based &
Environmental
2009/2010 2010/2011 Industries
Source: Data Service SFA
Figure 19 above shows that starts in Healthcare increased significantly over the period (over 2,000 more starts) but Adult Social
Care recorded an even greater jump in starts; by over 3,600. On the other hand Business IT and Telecoms experience a drop in
starts of over 1,400. Other sector subject areas like Health and Safety, Creative and Cultural, Languages and Inter-Cultural Working
and Process Manufacturing (not shown here) experienced significant reductions in the number of starts over the period.
It must be noted here that sometimes such significant shifts in start preferences reflects more on the delicate and challenging
funding environment faced by colleges than on the actual preferences and demands made by learners.
Apprenticeships
Increasing the number and quality of apprenticeships (especially for young people aged 16-24) is a key part of the
Government's and LCR's skills strategy. Figure 20 below shows that whilst overall apprenticeship starts increased by 65%
between 2009/10 and 2010/11, this was almost exclusively a result of the sharp rise (119%) in adult apprenticeships over that
period. This increase in adult apprenticeships occurred mainly as a result of shifts in funding and as figure 15 highlights, did not
actually increase overall participation.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 264
Fig 20: Apprenticeship Starts in LCR, 2007/8 – 2010/11
2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011
Adult Youth Total Source: Data Service SFA
Figure 21 below shows how the profile of apprenticeship starts changed in line with the shifts in funding
Figure 21: Profile of Apprenticeship Starts – by level 2009/2010 2010/2011 % Change
Advanced level Higher Level Intermediate Level Advanced Level Higher Level Intermediate Level
Apprenticeship Apprenticeship Apprenticeship Apprenticeship Apprenticeship Apprenticeship
Adults Youth
Source: Data Service SFA
27 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
Adult intermediate apprenticeships increased by 145% over the period whilst adult advanced apprenticeships rose by 85%.
Increases in youth apprenticeships were much more muted in comparison.
Figure 22: Top 10 Adult Apprenticeship starts by sector in 2010/2011 compared to 2009/2010
Retail
Adult Social
Care/Healthcare
Business,
Administration &
Governance
Customer Service &
Contact Centre
Management &
Leadership (including
HR & Recruitment)
Hospitality, Leisure,
Travel & Tourism
Adult Social Care
Children &
Young People
Active Leisure,
Learning & Well-being
Hair & Beauty
Source: Data Service SFA
2009/2010 2010/2011
The figure above shows that retail and Adult Social Care/Healthcare were the most popular choices amongst apprentices in
2010/11 even though the latter’s share of the total fell. Customer Service and Hospitality recorded the biggest falls in share over
the period.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 284
Figure 23: Top 10 Youth Apprenticeship starts by sector in 2010/2011 compared to 2009/2010
Business Information
Technology &
Telecommunication
Business,
Administration &
Governance
Hair & Beauty
Construction
Children &
Young People
Customer Service &
Contact Centre
Active Leisure, Learning
& Well-being
Automotive
Industries
Building Services
Engineering
Hospitality, Leisure,
Travel & Tourism
2009/2010 2010/2011 Source: Data Service SFA
As with FE starts discussed earlier, Youth Apprenticeship starts differed with adults in terms of sector subject preferences.
Business IT and Telecoms, Business Administration and Hair and Beauty were the three most popular preferences in the under
19 age group. Starts in Children and Young People and Hair and Beauty fell significantly as a share of the total.
Higher Education
Business Administration and subjects allied to Medicine are the most popular courses in Higher Education (HE) in LCR
according to data from the Higher Education Statistics Authority. These accounted for 13% each of total enrolments in 2011/12.
Social Studies and Languages also proved popular as figure 24 below shows
29 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
Fig 24: LCR HE Enrolment 2011/12
Subject Area 2010/11 2011/2012 Change Change % Share
(absolute). % (2011/2012)
Agriculture & related subjects 121 136 15 12% 0%
Combined 603 465 -138 -23% 0%
Mathematical sciences 1,331 1,362 30 2% 1%
Architecture, building & planning 2,199 1,963 -236 -11% 2%
Medicine & dentistry 2,224 2,274 50 2% 2%
Mass communications & documentation 2,777 2,968 191 7% 3%
Law 3,035 3,005 -30 -1% 3%
Computer science 3,113 3,244 131 4% 3%
Physical sciences 3,970 4,393 422 11% 4%
Historical & philosophical studies 5,476 5,713 237 4% 6%
Engineering & technology 5,766 6,271 505 9% 6%
Education 6,753 6,503 -250 -4% 7%
Creative arts & design 7,628 8,353 725 10% 8%
Biological sciences 8,071 8,505 435 5% 9%
Languages 8,385 8,848 463 6% 9%
Social studies 9,119 9,510 390 4% 10%
Subjects allied to medicine 12,301 12,516 215 2% 13%
Business & administrative studies 12,185 12,818 633 5% 13%
Total 95,058 98,847 3,789 4% 100%
Source: HESA 2012 (Analysis by University of Bradford)
Physical Sciences and Creative Arts and Design increased enrolment 11% and 10% respectively, compared to the previous year.
On the other hand, Architecture, Building and Planning shrunk by 11% in terms of enrolment over the same period.
The latest data from the annual Destination of Leavers in Higher Education (DLHE) survey shows that 62% of the 2010/11
graduate cohort from LCR Higher Education Institutions (HEI) had secured graduate level employment within 6 months of their
summer graduations, compared to 61% the previous year. See figure 25 over the page.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 304
Fig 25: Graduate level Employment 2009/10 – 2010/11
2011/2012 2010/2011 %
Number %
Graduate (%) 5,922 62 61
Non Graduate (%) 6,361 38 39
Source: HESA 2012 (Analysis by University of Bradford)
An analysis of the occupations entered into by those graduates who have secured graduate level
employment shows some more detail.
Fig 26: Graduate Occupations
Occupation % Share
Managers and senior officials 5.1%
Professional occupations 15.8%
Associate professional and technical occupations 23.5%
Administrative and secretarial occupations 6.2%
Skilled trades occupations 0.6%
Personal service occupations 4.8%
Sales and customer service occupations 8.5%
Process, plant and machine operatives 0.3%
Elementary occupations 5.6%
Not known/Not applicable 29.6%
Source: HESA 2012 (Analysis by University of Bradford)
It is no surprise that many graduates entered professional occupations and associated professional and
technical occupations as this is the most likely destination for new graduates. Sales and customer service
occupations were also popular as 9% of graduates found opportunities there. These occupations provide
vital entry level opportunities for job seekers.
31 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
Fig 27: Sectoral Breakdown of Graduate Level Employment
LCR Universities % of LCR
Total Cohort
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 1,708 12.6%
Human health and social work activities 1,391 10.2%
Education 1,190 8.8%
Professional, scientific and technical activities 1,065 7.8%
Accommodation and food service activities 769 5.7%
Financial and insurance activities 575 4.2%
Information and communication 561 4.1%
Arts, entertainment and recreation 515 3.8%
Administrative and support service activities 497 3.7%
Manufacturing 388 2.9%
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 375 2.8%
Other service activities 138 1.0%
Construction 105 0.8%
Transport and storage 89 0.7%
Real estate activities 60 0.4%
Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies 44 0.3%
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 35 0.3%
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 29 0.2%
Mining and quarrying 27 0.2%
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 1 0.1%
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services 10 0.1%
producing activities of households for own use
Not known/Not applicable 3,991 29.4%
Source: HESA 2012 (Analysis by University of Bradford)
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 324
Figure 27 on the previous page shows that wholesale and retail, health and social care, education and
professional services provided the most popular opportunities for graduates over the last year.
Manufacturing and financial services, two of the most important sectors in the city region, only created
opportunities for 7% of recent graduates.
About the HESA/DLHE data
The dataset presented is - the destination of UK full time, 1st degree students, six months after
graduation, who responded to the HESA Destination of Leavers from Higher Education survey.
A further caveat on this data is the fact that it is for the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) only (i.e. not
including the FE colleges, Open University, BPP, Kaplan etc.). It also does not include part-time student
numbers (stripped out to enable the HEIs access to completely comparable information), post-graduate
students or for that matter non university validated qualifications, e.g. ILM, CMI, CIPD etc.
Figure 28: Forecast Change in LCR Skills Profile
2000
2010
2015
2020 Source: UKCES/Working Futures 2012
33 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
Figure 28 shows that over the next decade, the skills profile of the city region is forecast to change
remarkably with a distinct shift towards higher level skills. The proportion with low or no qualifications is
forecast to fall significantly over the same period.
NEETS – 16 to 19 year olds not in employment, education or training
Figure 29 shows that LCR has a lower NEET rate than Greater Manchester and also the Yorkshire
average. Over the last year the rate has fallen by 1 percentage point. As part of the City Deal with central
government, the city region has set itself an ambition to drive down the NEETs rate over the medium
term.
Figure 29: NEETS in LCR, December 2012
NEETS Annual Change (percentage points)
LCR 5.7% -1.0%
Greater Manchester 6.2% -0.7%
YH 6.2% -0.9%
England 5.8% -0.3%
Source: Department for Education, 2013
Due largely to the academic calendar, the “flow” of young people from one statistical category to
another and the methodology deployed to derive the NEET estimates, the months of August and
September are traditionally peak periods for NEET levels. Over the last 18 months, the estimated number
of NEETS in LCR has fluctuated significantly. Figure 30 shows the August/September peak in 2011, sharp
decline subsequently and then the 2012 peak.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 344
Figure 30: 16-19 year old NEETs in LCR – by Education Authorities, Jun 2011 – Dec 2012
Bradford
Calderdale
Kirklees
Leeds
North
Yorkshire
Wakefield
York
England
Yorkshire and
the Humber
Leeds City Region
Barnsley
Source: Department for Education, 2013
NEET data is reported at Local Education Authority (LEA) level and in North Yorkshire this is at County Council level. This means
that the North Yorkshire districts that are part of LCR (Craven, Selby and Harrogate) are “bundled” together with the other
North Yorkshire Districts in this section.
35 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
Figure 31: December 2012 and Change over the last 12 months - %
4.8%
4.0%
6.0%
6.6%
5.8%
6.2%
5.9%
5.2%
5.5%
5.7%
7.1%
-4.9%
-12.7%
-14.1%
-5.3%
-17.5%
-24.1%
-14.5%
-12.7%
-14.8%
-12.7%
-11.1%
Yorkshire and
the Humber
Leeds City Region
Wakefield
Kirklees
Leeds
Calderdale
Bradford
Barnsley
York
North
Yorkshire
England
% 16-19s NEETS % change over the last 12 months Source: Department for Education, 2013
At LEA level, NEET rates vary considerably. Figure 31 shows that by December 2012, the highest NEET levels in LCR were
recorded in Wakefield district (7.1%), followed by 6.6% in Kirklees and 6% in Leeds. York and North Yorkshire had the lowest
levels, 4.8% and 4% respectively. All LEAs in the city region have recorded significant improvement, compared to the same
period 12 months ago.
In absolute terms Figure 32 shows that the number of NEETs in LCR was estimated to be 5,809 in December 2012. A year
before then, the estimate was 7,333. It is worth noting here that the number of youth claimants (18-24) in LCR is currently
more than 26,000 (see figure 12). It could be argued that this might be deserving of even greater policy attention. However if
the level of 16-19 year old NEETs is not drastically reduced the number of youth claimants will continue to remain high
irrespective of the best policy efforts.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 364
Figure 32: 16-19 year old NEETs in LCR – Absolute levels
1,880
1,274
1,194
1,192
942
828
824
422
503
263
992
427
310
915
561
515
Barnsley
Bradford
Calderdale
Kirklees
Leeds
North
Yorkshire
Wakefiled
York
Adjusted NEET December 2011 Adjusted NEET December 2012 Source: Department for Education, 2013
Unsurprisingly, Leeds has the highest number of NEETs in LCR. In December, 2012 this was estimated to be 1,274. At the same
period in 2011, the number was 1,880 as Figure 32 shows.
When NEET levels in LCR are compared with the England average over the last 12 months, the evidence shows that the two
almost mirror each other.
37 LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/144
Figure 33: 16-19 year old NEETs in LCR and England – Jun 2011 to Dec 2012
Jun - 11
Jul - 11
Aug - 11
Sep - 11
Oct - 11
Nov - 11
Dec - 11
Jan - 12
Feb - 12
Mar - 12
Apr - 12
May - 12
Jun - 12
Jul - 12
Aug - 12
Sep - 12
Oct - 12
Nov - 12
Dec - 12
LCR England Source: Department for Education, 2013
Figure 33 shows that over that after the traditional August/September peak, NEET rates generally fall till around April and then
start to rise again till the peak. However the 2012 peak (LCR: 7%, England: 7.3%) is lower than the 2011 Peak (LCR: 7.6%,
England 7.9%). This is good news but it is too early though to say whether this is due to an improvement in the wider economy
and the successful implementation of government and local policies.
Conclusion
• Adult apprenticeships have increased but overall participation fell in 2010/2011
• 62% of graduates secured graduate level employment.
• Creative and Cultural studies, Construction and Hair and Beauty are the most popular sector subject choices
among under 19’s in FE but among the 19+ this was Healthcare, Adult Social Care and Business IT and Telecoms.
• GCSE attainment in 4 of the 8 LEA areas in LCR remained below the England average. This includes Leeds and
Bradford which have 45% of the youth population in LCR
• JSA claimant rate in LCR (4.8%) is similar to the UK (4.9%) average. Youth claimant rates have remained
unchanged compared to the same period last year. Longer term claimant rates have risen more sharply in LCR
than in the UK as a whole.
• The skills profile in LCR is forecast to change over the next decade with an increase in the proportion with higher
qualifications and a decrease in the proportion of the population with low or no qualifications.
• The number of NEETs in LCR has fallen over the last 12 months and is marginally below the England average.
LEEDS CITY REGION | Labour Market Analysis 2013/14 38You can also read
