MAKING SENSE OF THE LATEST COVID-19 VACCINE NEWS - MCGILL ...
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Making Sense of the Latest COVID-19 Vaccine News
Nicole E. Basta, PhD MPhil
Associate Professor
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University
Canada Research Chair Tier 2 in Infectious Disease Prevention
February 17, 2021
Email: Nicole.Basta@mcgill.ca
Twitter: @IDEpiPhD; @TrackVaccines
Web: www.nicolebasta.com; covid19.trackvaccines.org
Rapid Progress on COVID-19 Vaccines Dec 2019 1st Reported Cases of COVID-19 Jan 2020 SARS-CoV-2 Virus Sequenced Mar 2020 1st Phase 1 Vaccine Clinical Trial Jul 2020 1st Phase 3 Vaccine Clinical Trial Nov 2020 1st Phase 3 Interim Results Dec 2020 1st COVID-19 Vaccine Authorized for Use in Canada Feb 2021 Pfizer/BioNTech & Moderna Vaccination Campaigns Ongoing in Canada
How have COVID-19 vaccines been
developed so quickly?
1. Accelerated Timelines:
Overlapping Trial Phases & Scale Up Manufacturing Early
Traditional Timeline
3. Global Efforts:
More than 200 vaccine candidates in
Pre-Clinical Phase I Phase II Phase III
Review/ Manu- preclinical and clinical development
Approval facturing
Pandemic Timeline
Pre- Regulatory Review and Approval
Clinical
Phase I, II, & III Trials
Manufacturing Scale Up Large Scale Manufacturing
Lurie et al. NEJM. 2020.
2. Significant Financial Investment: McDonnell, et al. Center for Global Development. 2020.
US “Operation Warp Speed”
budget > $15 billion USD
Approvals include authorizations,
licensure, emergency use or any
covid19.trackvaccines.org other pathway.
Diversity of Approaches to Develop Vaccines
How effective are the Pfizer & Moderna
COVID-19 vaccines?
RNA RNA
Pfizer/BioNTech Moderna
BNT162b2 mRNA-1273
Vaccine Efficacy = 94-95%
Intramuscular Intramuscular
injection injection
Vaccination reduces your risk
Day 0 Day 21 Day 0 Day 28
Estimated 95% efficacy Estimated 94.1% efficacy of COVID-19 by 94-95%
Phase III Trial Enrollment >40,000 Phase III Trial Enrollment >30,000
Participant Ages 16+ Participant Ages 18+
Trials reporting efficacy ISRCTN89951424 &
Trials reporting efficacy NCT04470427
NCT04400838
COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Compared to Other Vaccines
How safe are the Pfizer & Moderna
COVID-19 vaccines?
RNA RNA
Pfizer/BioNTech Moderna
Commonly Reported Commonly Reported
Side Effects Side Effects Common:
Pain at
injection site 92-85%
Pain at
injection site >80% Mild to moderate, temporary
Fatigue 42-75% Fatigue >60% symptoms
Headache 50-67% Headache ~60%
Very Rare:
Chills Muscle ache >50%
33-58%
Risk of severe allergic reaction
Muscle ache 25-58% Joint pain >45%
*Range shows difference between first and second dose
More than 1 million doses of
COVID-19 vaccines have been given in Canada
https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker-how-many-people-in-canada-have-received-shots-1.5247509Are Canadians willing to get vaccinated?
A recent StatsCan survey found that 75% of Canadians
aged 12 and older reported they were
very or somewhat likely to get vaccinated.
Yet, many people have reasonable questions about COVID-19 vaccines.
Infodemic: “an overabundance of information
and the rapid spread of misleading or
fabricated news, images, and videos”
WHO Infodemic Graphic
https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/201217/dq201217c-eng.htmQ1: “Is it better to develop natural immunity rather than get vaccinated since
so much is unknown about these new vaccines”?
A: Both COVID-19 vaccines available in Canada have been rigorously tested
among tens of thousands of participants in Phase III trials, just like previous
vaccines, and were shown to be safe and effective.
Getting vaccinated allows you to develop immunity without suffering
from the disease, which could be fatal.
---
Of 108 million cases of COVID-19 globally…
… 2.4 million people have died from the disease.
Of 175 million vaccine doses given globally…
… 0 people have died from vaccination.Q2: “Will COVID-19 vaccines protect against the new variants
of SARS-CoV-2 virus that have emerged”?
Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55659820Q3: “Do we still need to adhere to prevention and control measures
even after we get both doses of the vaccine”?
A: Yes, until a very high percentage of the population is vaccinated
and until transmission is under control globally,
it is important to continue public health prevention measures like
wearing a mask and physically distancing to reduce overall risk.
Why? No vaccine is 100% protective, plus
we are still investigating how long these vaccines will protect and
to what degree these vaccines prevent transmission.
Using all of the tools we have to prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2
will be key to keeping everyone safe now and in the future.How Can We Engage in Effective Communication
about COVID-19 Vaccines with Family, Friends, and Colleagues?
1. Approach Empathetically and Establish Trust
2. Encourage Questions
3. Understand Reasons for Concern
4. Address Concerns Appropriately given the Setting &
Seek out Evidence from Trusted Sources
5. Provide a Strong Recommendation to Get Vaccinated,
Motivated by Your Concern for Their Health
6. Offer Support to Overcome Barriers, Perhaps Scheduling
an Appointment or Arranging Transportation Icons: The Noun Project
Resources: https://immunize.ca/covid-19; https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/hcp/engaging-patients.html;
https://covid19vaccinescommunicationprinciples.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/vaccine-principles_v16.pdfDiscussion What has worked (and what hasn’t) in conversations with family, friends, and colleagues who might be hesitant about COVID19 vaccines?
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