Motorsport facilities - UPCommons

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Motorsport facilities - UPCommons
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
                Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura de Barcelona
                    Grau en estudis d'Arquitectura (Plan 2014)

   Motorsport facilities
A study on the impact big single purpose urban facilities have
                      over their context.

                   Appendix

                           Treball Final de Grau 2021
                 Gonçalo Dargent de Figueiredo Rodrigues Duarte
                            Prof: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Motorsport facilities - UPCommons
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                                            ETSABarcelona, 2021

A. 2021 F1 season circuits capacity (table)
                           Circuit name                                 Capacity by official available seats
 Albert Park, Melbourne, Australia                                                                       124.300

 Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir                                                                    50.000

 Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, Imola, Italy                                                              60.000

 Shanghai International Circuit                                                                          200.000

 Autódromo Internacional do Algarve, Portimão, Portugal                                                  100.000

 Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montreal, Canada                                                             100.000

 Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain                                                        140.700

 Monaco GP, Principality of Monaco                                                                        37.000

 Bakú City Circuit, Bakú, Azerbaijan                                                                      19.500

 Paul Ricard, Le Castellet, France                                                                        90.000

 Red Bull Ring, Spielberg, Austria                                                                        40.000

 Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone, United Kingdom                                                        150.000

 Hungaroring, Mogyoród, Hungary                                                                          120.000

 Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot, Belgium                                                                     90.000

 Zandvoort Circuit, Zandvoort, Netherlands                                                                62.000

 Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Monza, Italy                                                              115.000

 Sochi Autodrome, Sochi, Russia                                                                           55.000

 Istambul Park, Istambul, Turkey                                                                         155.000

 Marina Bay street circuit, Marina, Singapore                                                             90.000

 Suzuka International Racing Course, Mie prefecture, Japan                                               155.000

 Circuit of the Americas, Texas, United States of America                                                120.000

 Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, Ciudad de México, México                                                  110.000

 Autodromo Jose Carlos Pace, São Paulo, Brazil                                                           119.000

 Jeddah street circuit, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia                                                                 N/A

 Yas Marina circuit, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates                                                      60.000

                                                                     In grey cells: adapted urban layout circuits.
          In greyed out text: circuits originally in the 2021 season calendar but cancelled due to the pandemic.

Trabajo Final de Grado                                      2                                 Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Motorsport facilities - UPCommons
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                            ETSABarcelona, 2021

B. Interview with Albert Fàbrega, Formula 1 expert.
While meeting Albert Fàbrega, a Formula 1 expert, analyst and commentator for Movistar F1, I
had the opportunity of asking a few questions after his lecture His lecture took place October
15th, 2019 in Campus Nord, at the Ponts i Camins university building. The interview's transcript
is presented translated into English, although it was originally done in Spanish. The original
transcript is also available, following the translated version.

English version (translated from Spanish):

Gonçalo: In their current state, can Formula 1 circuits be considered safe? Could fatal accidents,
such as Antoine Hubert's, be avoided by the architecture, or does it only depend on the driver
and the car?

Albert Fàbrega: Full safety, 100%, does not exist. It will never exist. There is always a risk of
incidents and accidents with more or less consequences. An accident always entails
consequences, and then there are material consequences, which are secondary, especially when
there are personal issues. When these accidents are heavy; part of the action taken by the
International Federation, along with its safety department, is prevention, so that they do not
happen, and in the protocols put in place in order to avoid them. Even so, once they have
happened, protocols must be to developed so that the consequences are fewer. At the circuit
design's level, 100% safety is impossible, it does not exist in any sport and even less so in
Formula 1. Obviously there are a number of factors that mean that when there is an accident,
with or without heavy consequences, some things are exponential because of the speed. Then, if
we can work on the design of circuits, the issue of run-off areas, passive safety, which is what
happens during and after there is an accident or incident, the barriers' impact absorption, the
design of circuits in high-speed curves, Tecpro crash barriers… Working in parallel with the
FIA, taking into account the changes in regulations, there are many factors that have an
influence.

G: In regards to the future, is there a possibility of refurbishing circuits that today are considered
too dangerous for Formula 1, such as the Nurburgring or Imola, which we already assume to be
practically discarded, or are they already critical from the concept?

AF: Yes, it's possible. All of them. There are circuits that are more critical than others.
Nurburgring yes, it is, but it is also possible to rehabilitate. Suzuka for example, with high speed

Trabajo Final de Grado                            3                            Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Motorsport facilities - UPCommons
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                          ETSABarcelona, 2021

corners but the walls are quite close. Then, all the circuits follow the recommendations of the
International Federation to modify some areas and thus modify safety, such as Monmeló, with
the placement of the chicane and the removal of the grandstand to avoid consequences in case of
accident. There are a series of protocols, a series of reports that the International Federation
makes when it identifies potentially dangerous areas in the circuits, recommendations that they
make to the circuits and that they usually follow.

G: Are these documents made public?

AF: No, they are internal. But if you look at the archive you will probably find them, not only
on the track, but also on the run-off areas, the kerbs, in the collection points of crashed cars, in
the crash barriers, whether they are tire barriers or if they have to be double barriers, or if they
have to be Tecpro or the SAFER, from Indianapolis, which are placed in some circuits, such as
Canada, also in Baku... are placed in areas of high speed circuits.

G: As a personal opinion, do you think that these so deemed too dangerous layouts could return
to Formula 1? Could the role of the architect be to rehabilitate these circuits to current
regulations?

AF: Without any problem, if they comply with the FIA recommendations, they will surely have
the FIA license, at the level of safety elements they have to comply with, depending on the
grade, the type of circuit, and the category of races they want to host. If they have the grade
required by the International Federation to host Formula 1 races and they pass the safety
inspection required by the Federation, they should have no problems.

Trabajo Final de Grado                           4                           Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Motorsport facilities - UPCommons
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                         ETSABarcelona, 2021

Original version (Spanish)

Gonçalo:En su estado actual, los circuitos de la Fórmula 1 se pueden considerar seguros?
Accidentes mortales, como el de Antoine Hubert, se podrían evitar desde la arquitectura, o sólo
depende del piloto y del coche?

Albert Fàbrega: La seguridad total, 100%, no existe. No existirá nunca. Siempre hay un riesgo
de incidentes y accidentes con más o menos consecuencias. Un accidente conlleva siempre
consecuencias, luego ya afectan a materiales, que ya pasa a un segundo plano, sobretodo cuando
hay temas personales. Y ahí es cuando estos accidentes son muy graves; parte de la acción ,que
hace sobre todo la Federación internacional, su departamento de seguridad es en la prevención,
en que no sucedan, y en los protocolos que los eviten. Aun así, una vez han sucedido, lo que hay
que hacer es también desarrollar estos protocolos para que las consecuencias sean muy
pequeñas. A nivel de diseño del circuito, el 100% de seguridad es imposible, no existe en ningún
deporte y menos en la Formula 1. Obviamente hay una serie de factores que hacen que cuando
hay un accidente, con o sin consecuencias, algunas cosas son exponenciales por la velocidad.
Luego, si se puede trabajar a nivel del diseño de circuitos, el tema de las escapatorias, tema de
lo que es seguridad pasiva, que es lo que actúa cuando hay un accidente o incidente, a temas de
absorción de impactos de las barreras, tema de diseño de los circuitos en curvas de alta
velocidad, las barreras de protección Tecpro… Trabajar en paralelo con la FIA, atendiendo a los
cambios de normativa… hay muchos factores que influyen.

G: Respecto al futuro, existe la posibilidad de rehabilitar circuitos que hoy en día se consideren
demasiado peligrosos para la Fórmula 1, como Nurburgring o Imola, que ya los asumimos como
descartados prácticamente, o ya son críticos desde el concepto?

AF: Sí, es posible, todos. Hay circuitos que son más críticos que otros. Nurburgring sí, lo es,
pero también es posible rehabilitarse. Por ejemplo Suzuka, con curvas de alta velocidad pero
que los muros están bastante cerca. Luego, todos los circuitos lo que siguen las
recomendaciones de la Federación Internacional para modificar algunas zonas y así modificar la
seguridad, como Monmeló, con la chicane y la retirada de la tribuna para evitar consecuencias
en caso de accidente. Hay una serie de protocolos, una serie de reports que hace la Federación
Internacional cuando identifica zonas en los circuitos potencialmente peligrosas,
recomendaciones que hacen a los circuitos y que normalmente siguen.

Trabajo Final de Grado                          5                           Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Motorsport facilities - UPCommons
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                          ETSABarcelona, 2021

G:Estos documentos se hacen publicos?

AF: No, son internos. Esos son internos, pero los hay. Pero tirando de hemeroteca
probablemente se encuentren, no sólo en el trazado, sino en las escapatorias, los pianos, en los
puntos de recogida de los coches accidentados, en las barreras de protección, ya sean de
neumáticos o si tienen que ser doble barrera, o si tienen que ser Tecpro o las SAFER, de
Indianapolis, que se ponen en algunos circuitos, que están en Canada, también en Bakú… que
se ponen en zonas de circuitos de alta velocidad.

G: Como opinion personal, cree que estos trazados denominados peligrosos podrían volver a la
Formula 1? El papel del arquitecto podría pasar por la rehabilitación de estos circuitos a las
normativas actuales?

AF: Sin ningún problema, si cumplen las recomendaciones de la FIA seguro que tienen la
licencia FIA, a nivel de elementos de seguridad que tengan que cumplir, dependiendo del grado,
del tipo de circuito, y de la categoría de carreras que quieran albergar. Si tienen el grado que les
pide la Federación Internacional para albergar carreras de Formula 1 y pasan la inspección de
seguridad que tienen la Federación, no deberían tener problemas.

Trabajo Final de Grado                           6                           Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Motorsport facilities - UPCommons
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                                       ETSABarcelona, 2021

C. Formula 1 presence across the world

 1.                                    World map. In orange, countries hosting a GP in the 2021 season.
                 In blue, countries that have hosted a World Championship GP in the past (since 1950).

Trabajo Final de Grado                                   7                                Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Motorsport facilities - UPCommons
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                             ETSABarcelona, 2021

D. Historic motorsport - the Grand Épreuves

                                  Marcel Renault's car during the Paris-Madrid race, 1903

                                                        Race start at Spa, Belgium, 1931

Trabajo Final de Grado        8                                 Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Motorsport facilities - UPCommons
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                                ETSABarcelona, 2021

E. The Monaco Grand Prix

                         Lowes corner during he first Formula 1 World Championship Monaco Grand Prix, 1950

                                                     Lowes corner during the latest Monaco Grand Prix, 2019

Trabajo Final de Grado                              9                              Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Motorsport facilities - UPCommons
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                    ETSABarcelona, 2021

               Lowes corner, Monaco GP, 1947                   Lowes corner, Monaco GP, 1992

                                                    Lowes corner during a normal day in Monaco

Trabajo Final de Grado                         10                     Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                  ETSABarcelona, 2021

                              Tabac coener during the Monaco Grand Prix, 1931

                              Tabac coener during the Monaco Grand Prix, 1966

Trabajo Final de Grado   11                          Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                           ETSABarcelona, 2021

                         The first Monaco Grand Prix, 1929 (prior to the Formula 1 World championship)

                                                   Temporary grandstands during the Monaco GP, 2016

Trabajo Final de Grado                       12                              Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                         ETSABarcelona, 2021

                         Spectators on balconies during the Monaco Grand Prix , 2018

                         Spectators on balconies during the Monaco Grand Prix , 2018

Trabajo Final de Grado     13                              Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                              ETSABarcelona, 2021

F.    The Abu Dhabi Grand Prix

                         Start-finish straight. Final lap of the Abu Dhabi GP, Yas Marina GP circuit, 2019

                                            A normal day on the Yas Marina GP circuit. Abu Dhabi, 2017

Trabajo Final de Grado                        14                                Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                                    ETSABarcelona, 2021

G. The Austrian Grand Prix

                         Grandstands taking advantage of the hills, Red Bull Ring, Austria, 2019

                         Grandstands taking advantage of the hills, Red Bull Ring, Austria, 2019

Trabajo Final de Grado               15                                Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                               ETSABarcelona, 2021

H. The Singapore Grand Prix

                                                        The Float @ Marina Bay, Singapore

                         The Float @ Marina Bay's grandstand during the Singapore GP, 2010

Trabajo Final de Grado            16                              Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                             ETSABarcelona, 2021

I.    The Spanish Grand Prix, Barcelona

                               On top, the Spanish Grand Prix, Monjuich, Barcelona, 1970
                                             On the bottom, the streets of Monjuich, 2019

Trabajo Final de Grado         17                               Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                   ETSABarcelona, 2021

J. F1 circuits' location and urban context from 3.3.2
Silverstone Grand Prix circuit, Towncester, England

Trabajo Final de Grado                   18           Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                      ETSABarcelona, 2021

Red Bull Ring, Spielberg, Austria

Trabajo Final de Grado              19   Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                                 ETSABarcelona, 2021

Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, México City, México

Trabajo Final de Grado                20            Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                            ETSABarcelona, 2021

Yas Marina GP circuit, Yas Island, Abu Dhabi

Trabajo Final de Grado                   21    Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                       ETSABarcelona, 2021

Marina Bay city circuit, Singapore

Trabajo Final de Grado               22   Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                        ETSABarcelona, 2021

Bakú City circuit, Bakú, Azerbaijan

Trabajo Final de Grado                23   Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                              ETSABarcelona, 2021

Albert Park city circuit, Melbourne, Australia

Trabajo Final de Grado                     24    Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                              ETSABarcelona, 2021

Albert Park city circuit, Melbourne, Australia

Trabajo Final de Grado                     25    Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte                              ETSABarcelona, 2021

K. The Alexandria Grand Prix (proposed racetrack)

Trabajo Final de Grado       26                Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
Gonçalo Dargent Duarte           ETSABarcelona, 2021

Trabajo Final de Grado   27   Prof.: Joaquim Sabaté Bel
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