Multi-Gas Sensors for Enhanced Reliability of SOFC Operation
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Multi-Gas Sensors
for Enhanced Reliability of SOFC Operation
DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement: DE-FE0031653
GE: Radislav Potyrailo, Joleyn Brewer, Richard St-pierre, Brian Scherer,
Majid Nayeri, Chris Collazo-Davila, Andrew Shapiro
SUNY Polytechnic Institute: Michael Carpenter, Nora Houlihan,
Vitor Vulcano Rossi, Laila Banu
NETL Program namager: Venkat K. Venkataraman
20th Annual SOFC Project Review Meeting, April 29 - May 01, 2019, Crystal City, Virginia, USA
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 1
Project goal and objectives
Goal:
to build gas sensors for in situ monitoring of H2 and CO gases of SOFC systems
Objectives:
to achieve multi-gas monitoring capability with a single multivariable sensor and
to achieve its long-term sensor performance
Real-time knowledge of H2/CO ratio of anode tail gases:
will allow control of efficiency of reforming process in the SOFC system and
will deliver a lower operating cost for SOFC customers
Project Team Multivariable Gas Sensor Field Test Correlation
Multivariate response #1 Gas 1
New gas sensor
Gas 3
Gas 2
Benchmark instrument
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 2
Status quo of conventional gas sensors
• Mature technologies pre-sensor.com
alphasense.com
• Widely available hub360.com.ng
engineersgarage.com
cooking-hacks.com
• Interchangeable amphenol-sensors.com
aeppacific.co.nz
• Inexpensive mipex-tech.com
2009 2016 2018 2019
https://www.treehugger.com/clean- https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/03/plume- https://plumelabs.com/en/ https://www.itri.org.tw/eng/
technology/air-quality-sensor-makes-a- labs-flow-is-an-air-quality-tracker-to-avoid-
fashion-statement.html pollution/
Gas 1
Univariate response
Gas 2
Gas 3
For the gas sensors revolution to take off, accuracy must improve
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 3
Gas cross-sensitivity of conventional gas sensors
Electrochemical Metal oxide
Gas sensitivity
Gas sensitivity
Ethylene oxide
Formaldehyde
Vinyl acetate
Isopropanol
Isobutylene
Ethyl ether
Isobutane
Methanol
Methane
Hydrogen
Ethanol
Ethanol
Gas 1
Univariate response
Gas 2
Gas 3
Catalytic Non-dispersive IR
Gas sensitivity
Gas sensitivity
Potyrailo, Chem. Rev. 2016
Potyrailo, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017
n-Pentane
Methanol
Methane
n-Butane
n-Hexane
Acetone
Propane
Ethanol
Methane
n-Pentane
n-Butane
Propane
n-Hexane
Ethane
For the gas sensors revolution to take off, accuracy must improve
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 4
Mature gas-detection analytical technologies:
accurate, multi-gas
Gas 1
Gas 3
Response #1
Complex
Chemical
mix
Gas 2
wikipedia.org
Gas Mass Laser Multi-detector
chromatography spectrometry spectroscopy system
Field
deployments
in SOFC
systems
afcintl.com Cooks, Purdue U. alliedscientificpro.com emersonprocess.com
Mature analytical technologies:
Significant technology accumulation is needed for their unobtrusive deployments
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 5
Our technical approach for multi-gas detection
Bio-inspired multivariable photonic sensors:
sensors with several outputs for accurate detection of diverse gases
Our approach: Performance need:
Multivariable Multi-gas Design rules for multi-gas control
gas sensors discrimination
• Spatial orientation of surface functionalization
• Chemistry of surface functionalization
Gas 1
• Extinction and scattering of nanostructure
Multivariate response #1
Differential reflectance blank
250 nm ΔR(λ) =100% R(λ)/R0(λ) top
Gas 3
D Reflectance
middle
R(λ) = sensor with analyte
R0(λ) = sensor with blank bottom
Gas 2
Potyrailo et al. Nature Photonics 2007
Potyrailo et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2013
Potyrailo et al. Nature Communications 2015 300 Wavelength (nm) 650
Potyrailo, Carpenter, et al., J. Opt., 2018
Solving existing need for real-time monitoring of H2 and CO gases
with unobtrusive, cost-effective solution
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 6
Advancing design rules of nanostructures
for high temperature gas-sensing applications
Selectivity control for Selectivity control for Interference
vapors at room temp. gases at high temp. rejection control
•Polymeric nanostructure •Inorganic nanostructure •Multi-material inorganic
•nanostructure
•Absorption and adsorption •Catalytic reactions of
of vapors gases •Catalytic reactions of gases
Potyrailo et al. Nature Photonics 2007 Potyrailo Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017 Potyrailo, Carpenter, et al., J. Opt. 2018
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 7
Technical tasks of the project
Fabrication Laboratory Field
of optical transducer validation validation
H2
Flow cell
Multivariate response #1
Sensor
element
Interferences Gas
Benchmark system
CO Fiber optic
readout
Task 1 Task 2 Task 3
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 8
Example of sensor operation:
Discrimination between hydrogen and water vapor
Principal components analysis Hierarchical cluster analysis
1
1
0.8 7 1
4
0.6 Water vapor 4
Hydrogen 0
0.4
3 6 0
5
PC2
0.2
5
6
0
2 5 6
-0.2 7
7
-0.4 3
4 3
-0.6 1 0 Blank
2
2
-0.8
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0 Distance between groups (relative units) 100
PC1
Resolution between individual concentrations of H2 and H2O
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 9
Example of sensor operation:
Discrimination between hydrogen and carbon monoxide
Principal components analysis Hierarchical cluster analysis
Blank
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
0.1
Carbon monoxide
0.05 -0.4
PC3
-0.2
0
0
Carbon PC2
-0.05 monoxide 0.2 Blank
0.4
2 0.6
0 0 100
-2 Distance between groups (relative units)
PC1
Resolution between individual concentrations of H2 and CO
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 10Setup at GE Fuel Cells factory
for field validation of the bio-inspired multivariable photonic sensor
Example of two SOFCs Benchmark and sensor systems
Gas cell with
photonic
sensor chip
Enclosure with the
benchmark gas
detector system
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 11Acknowledgements
US Department of Energy Cooperative Agreement DE-FE0031653
This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FE0031653. This presentation was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an
agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes
any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe
privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constituted or
imply its endorsement , recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state
or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Radislav Potyrailo email: potyrailo@ge.com
Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 12You can also read
