NEBRASKA SCIENCE STANDARDS - Grades K-12 301 Centennial Mall South Lincoln, Nebraska 68509-4987
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301 Centennial Mall South
Lincoln, Nebraska 68509-4987
NEBRASKA SCIENCE STANDARDS
Grades K-12
Adopted by the Nebraska State Board of Education
October 6, 2010Adopted 10-6-10
SC K-12.1 Comprehensive Science Standard – Inquiry, the Nature of Science, and Technology
Students will combine scientific processes and knowledge with scientific reasoning and critical thinking to ask questions about phenomena and propose
explanations based on gathered evidence.
1. Inquiry, the Nature of Grade Band Standards
Science, and Technology K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC2.1.1 Students will ask SC5.1.1 Students will plan SC8.1.1 Students will design SC12.1.1 Students will design
questions and conduct and conduct investigations and conduct investigations and conduct investigations
1. Abilities to do investigations that lead to that lead to the development that will lead to descriptions of that lead to the use of logic
Scientific Inquiry observations and of explanations. relationships between and evidence in the
communication of findings. evidence and explanations. formulation of scientific
explanations and models.
Scientific Questioning SC2.1.1.a Ask questions that SC5.1.1.a Ask testable SC8.1.1.a Formulate testable SC12.1.1.a Formulate a
relate to a science topic scientific questions questions that lead to testable hypothesis supported
predictions and scientific by prior knowledge to guide
investigations an investigation
Scientific Investigations SC2.1.1.b Conduct simple SC5.1.1.b Plan and conduct SC8.1.1.b Design and SC12.1.1.b Design and
investigations investigations and identify conduct logical and sequential conduct logical and sequential
factors that have the potential investigations including scientific investigations with
to impact an investigation repeated trials repeated trials and apply
findings to new investigations
Scientific Controls and SC8.1.1.c Determine controls SC12.1.1.c Identify and
Variables and use dependent manage variables and
(responding) and independent constraints
(manipulated) variables
Scientific Tools SC2.1.1.c Select and use SC5.1.1.c Select and use SC8.1.1.d Select and use SC12.1.1.d Select and use
simple tools appropriately equipment correctly and equipment appropriate to the lab equipment and
accurately investigation, demonstrate technology appropriately and
correct techniques accurately
Scientific Observations SC2.1.1.d Describe objects, SC5.1.1.d Make relevant SC8.1.1.e Make qualitative SC12.1.1.e Use tools and
organisms, or events using observations and and quantitative observations technology to make detailed
pictures, words, and numbers measurements qualitative and quantitative
observations
Scientific Data Collection SC2.1.1.e Collect and record SC5.1.1.e Collect and SC8.1.1.f Record and SC12.1.1.f Represent and
observations organize data represent data appropriately review collected data in a
and review for quality, systematic, accurate, and
accuracy, and relevancy objective manner
1Adopted 10-6-10
1. Inquiry, the Nature of Grade Band Standards
Science, and Technology K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
Scientific Interpretations, SC5.1.1.f Develop a SC8.1.1.g Evaluate SC12.1.1.g Analyze and
Reflections, and Applications reasonable explanation based predictions, draw logical interpret data, synthesize
on collected data inferences based on observed ideas, formulate and evaluate
patterns/relationships, and models, and clarify concepts
account for non-relevant and explanations
information
SC12.1.1.h Use results to
verify or refute a hypothesis
SC12.1.1.i Propose and/or
evaluate possible revisions
and alternate explanations
Scientific Communication SC2.1.1.f Use drawings and SC5.1.1.g Share information, SC8.1.1.h Share information, SC12.1.1.j Share information,
words to describe and share procedures, and results with procedures, results, and procedures, results,
observations with others peers and/or adults conclusions with appropriate conclusions, and defend
audiences findings to a scientific
community (peers, science
fair audience, policy makers)
SC5.1.1.h Provide feedback SC8.1.1.i Analyze and SC12.1.1.k Evaluate scientific
on scientific investigations provide appropriate critique of investigations and offer
scientific investigations revisions and new ideas as
appropriate
Mathematics SC2.1.1.g Use appropriate SC5.1.1.i Use appropriate SC8.1.1.j Use appropriate SC12.1.1.l Use appropriate
mathematics in all aspects of mathematics in all aspects of mathematics in all aspects of mathematics in all aspects of
scientific inquiry scientific inquiry scientific inquiry scientific inquiry
2Adopted 10-6-10
1. Inquiry, the Nature of Grade Band Standards
Science, and Technology K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC5.1.2 Students will SC8.1.2 Students will apply SC12.1.2 Students will apply the
describe how scientists go the nature of science to their nature of scientific knowledge to
2. Nature of Science about their work. own investigations. their own investigations and in
the evaluation of scientific
explanations.
Scientific Knowledge SC5.1.2.a Recognize that SC8.1.2.a Recognize science SC12.1.2.a Recognize that
scientific explanations are is an ongoing process and the scientific explanations must be
based on evidence and scientific community accepts open to questions, possible
scientific knowledge and uses explanations until modifications, and must be
they encounter new based upon historical and current
experimental evidence not scientific knowledge
matching existing
explanations
Science and Society SC5.1.2.b Recognize that SC8.1.2.b Describe how SC12.1.2.b Describe how society
new discoveries are always scientific discoveries influence influences the work of scientists
being made which impact and change society and how science, technology,
scientific knowledge and current scientific discoveries
influence and change society
Science as a Human SC5.1.2.c Recognize many SC8.1.2.c Recognize SC12.1.2.c Recognize that the
Endeavor different people study science scientists from various work of science results in
cultures have made many incremental advances, almost
contributions to explain the always building on prior
natural world knowledge, in our understanding
of the world
SC12.1.2.d Research and
describe the difficulties
experienced by scientific
innovators who had to overcome
commonly held beliefs of their
times to reach conclusions that
we now take for granted
3Adopted 10-6-10
1. Inquiry, the Nature of Grade Band Standards
Science, and Technology K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC5.1.3 Students will solve a SC8.1.3 Students will solve a SC12.1.3 Students will solve a
3. Technology simple design problem. design problem which involves complex design problem.
one or two science concepts.
Abilities to do Technical SC5.1.3.a Identify a simple SC8.1.3.a Identify problems for
Design problem technical design
SC5.1.3.b Propose a solution SC8.1.3.b Design a solution or SC12.1.3.a Propose designs and
to a simple problem product choose between alternative
solutions of a problem
SC12.1.3.b Assess the limits of a
technical design
SC5.1.3.c Implement the SC8.1.3.c Implement the SC12.1.3.c Implement the
proposed solution proposed design selected solution
SC5.1.3.d Evaluate the SC8.1.3.d Evaluate completed SC12.1.3.d Evaluate the solution
implementation technological designs or products and its consequences
SC5.1.3.e Communicate the SC8.1.3.e Communicate the SC12.1.3.e Communicate the
problem, design, and solution process of technical design problem, process, and solution
Understanding of Technical SC8.1.3.f Distinguish between SC12.1.3.f Compare and
Design scientific inquiry (asking contrast the reasons for the
questions about the natural pursuit of science and the pursuit
world) and technological design of technology
(using science to solve practical
problems)
SC8.1.3.g Describe how science SC12.1.3.g Explain how science
and technology are reciprocal advances with the introduction of
new technology
SC8.1.3.h Recognize that SC12.1.3.h Recognize creativity,
solutions have intended and imagination, and a good
unintended consequences knowledge base are all needed
to advance the work of science
and engineering
SC8.1.3.i Compare and contrast
the reporting of scientific
knowledge and the reporting of
technological knowledge
4Adopted 10-6-10
SC K-12.2 Comprehensive Science Standard – Physical Science
Students will integrate and communicate the information, concepts, principles, processes, theories, and models of the Physical Sciences to make
connections with the natural and engineered world.
Grade Band Standards
2. Physical Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC2.2.1 Students will SC5.2.1 Students will SC8.2.1 Students will SC12.2.1 Students will
observe and describe explore and describe the identify and describe the investigate and describe
1. Matter
properties of objects and physical properties of particulate nature of matter matter in terms of its structure,
their behavior. matter and its changes. including physical and composition and conservation.
chemical interactions.
Properties and Structure of SC2.2.1.a Observe SC5.2.1.a Identify mixtures SC8.2.1.a Compare and
Matter physical properties of and pure substances contrast elements,
objects (freezing and compounds, and mixtures
melting, sinking and
floating, color, size,
texture, shape, weight)
SC2.2.1.b Separate and SC5.2.1.b Identify physical SC8.2.1.b Describe SC12.2.1.a Recognize
sort objects by physical properties of matter (color, physical and chemical bonding occurs when outer
attributes odor, elasticity, weight, properties of matter electrons are transferred
volume) (ionic) or shared (covalent)
SC2.2.1.c Measure objects SC5.2.1.c Use appropriate
using standard and non- metric measurements to
standard units describe physical
properties
States of Matter SC2.2.1.d Identify solids SC5.2.1.d Identify state SC8.2.1.c Recognize most SC12.2.1.b Describe the
and liquids and recognize changes caused by substances can exist as a energy transfer associated
that liquids take the shape heating and cooling solids, solid, liquid, or gas with phase changes between
of their container liquids, and gases depending on temperature solids, liquids, and gases
SC8.2.1.d Compare and SC12.2.1.c Describe the three
contrast solids, liquids, and normal states of matter (solid,
gases based on properties liquid, gas) in terms of energy,
of these states of matter particle arrangement, particle
motion, and strength of bond
between molecules
5Adopted 10-6-10
Grade Band Standards
2. Physical Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
Physical and Chemical SC8.2.1.e Distinguish
Changes between physical and
chemical changes (phase
changes, dissolving,
burning, rusting)
SC8.2.1.f Recognize SC12.2.1.d Recognize a large
conservation of matter in number of chemical reactions
physical and chemical involve the transfer of either
changes electrons (oxidation/reduction)
or hydrogen ions (acid/base)
between reacting ions,
molecules, or atoms
SC12.2.1.e Identify factors
affecting rates of chemical
reactions (temperature,
particle size, surface area)
Atomic Structure SC12.2.1.f Recognize the
charges and relative locations
of subatomic particles
(neutrons, protons, electrons)
SC12.2.1.g Describe
properties of atoms, ions, and
isotopes
Classification of Matter SC8.2.1.g Classify SC12.2.1.h Describe the
substances into similar organization of the periodic
groups based on physical table of elements with respect
properties to patterns of physical and
chemical properties
6Adopted 10-6-10
Grade Band Standards
2. Physical Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC2.2.2 Students will SC5.2.2 Students will SC8.2.2 Students will SC12.2.2 Students will
compare relative position identify the influence of investigate and describe investigate and describe the
2. Force and Motion
and motion of objects. forces on motion. forces and motion. nature of field forces and their
interactions with matter.
Motion SC2.2.2.a State location SC5.2.2.a Describe motion SC8.2.2.a Describe motion SC12.2.2.a Describe motion
and/or motion relative to by tracing and measuring of an object by its position with respect to displacement
another object or its an object’s position over a and velocity and acceleration
surroundings (in front of, period of time (speed)
behind, between, over,
under, faster, slower,
forward and backward, up
and down)
SC2.2.2.b Describe how
objects move in many
different ways (straight,
zigzag, round and round,
back and forth, and fast
and slow)
st
Inertia/Newton’s 1 law SC8.2.2.b Recognize an SC12.2.2.b Describe how the
st
object that is not being law of inertia (Newton’s 1 law)
subjected to a force will is evident in a real-world event
continue to move at a
constant speed in a
straight line or stay at rest
st
(Newton’s 1 law)
nd
Forces/Newton’s 2 law SC5.2.2.b Describe SC8.2.2.c Compare the SC12.2.2.c Make predictions
changes in motion due to motion of objects related to based on relationships among
outside forces (push, pull, the effects of balanced and net force, mass, and
nd
gravity) unbalanced forces acceleration (Newton’s 2 law)
7Adopted 10-6-10
Grade Band Standards
2. Physical Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
rd
Newton’s 3 law SC12.2.2.d Recognize that all
forces occur in equal and
rd
opposite pairs (Newton’s 3 law)
SC12.2.2.e Describe how
Newton’s 3rd law of motion is
evident in a real-world event
Universal Forces SC5.2.2.c Describe magnetic
behavior in terms of attraction
and repulsion
SC8.2.2.d Recognize that SC12.2.2.f Describe gravity as a
everything on or around force that each mass exerts on
Earth is pulled towards another mass, which is
Earth’s center by proportional to the masses and
gravitational force the distance between them
SC12.2.2.g Recognize that an
attractive or repulsive electric
force exists between two charged
particles and that this force is
proportional to the magnitude of
the charges and the distance
between them
8Adopted 10-6-10
Grade Band Standards
2. Physical Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC5.2.3 Students will SC8.2.3 Students will SC12.2.3 Students will
observe and identify signs identify and describe how describe and investigate
of energy transfer. energy systems and matter energy systems relating to
3. Energy
interact. the conservation and
interaction of energy and
matter.
Sound/Mechanical Waves SC5.2.3.a Recognize that SC8.2.3.a Recognize that SC12.2.3.a Describe
sound is produced from vibrations set up wave-like mechanical wave
vibrating objects; the disturbances that spread properties (speed,
sound can be changed by away from the source wavelength, frequency,
changing the vibration (sound, seismic, water amplitude) and how waves
waves) travel through a medium
SC8.2.3.b Identify that
waves move at different
speeds in different
materials
SC12.2.3.b Recognize that
the energy in waves can
be changed into other
forms of energy
Light SC5.2.3.b Recognize that SC8.2.3.c Recognize that SC12.2.3.c Recognize that
light travels in a straight light interacts with matter light can behave as a wave
line and can be reflected by transmission (including (diffraction and
by an object (mirror) refraction), absorption, or interference)
scattering (including
reflection)
SC5.2.3.c Recognize that SC8.2.3.d Recognize that
light can travel through to see an object, light from
certain materials and not the surface of the object
others (transparent, must enter the eye; the
translucent, opaque) color seen depends on the
properties of the surface
and the color of the
available light sources
9Adopted 10-6-10
Grade Band Standards
2. Physical Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
Heat SC12.2.3.d Distinguish
between temperature (a
measure of the average
kinetic energy of atomic or
molecular motion) and heat
(the quantity of thermal
energy that transfers due to
a change in temperature)
SC5.2.3.d Identify ways to SC8.2.3.e Recognize that SC12.2.3.e Compare and
generate heat (friction, heat moves from warmer contrast methods of heat
burning, incandescent light objects to cooler objects transfer and the interaction
bulb) until both reach the same of heat with matter via
temperature conduction, convection, and
radiation
SC5.2.3.e Identify materials
that act as thermal
conductors or insulators
Electricity/Magnetism SC5.2.3.f Recognize that
the transfer of electricity in
an electrical circuit requires
a closed loop
SC12.2.3.f Recognize that
the production of
electromagnetic waves is a
result of changes in the
motion of charges or by a
changing magnetic field
SC12.2.3.g Compare and
contrast segments of the
electromagnetic spectrum
(radio, micro, infrared,
visible, ultraviolet, x-rays,
gamma) based on frequency
and wavelength
10Adopted 10-6-10
Grade Band Standards
2. Physical Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
Nuclear SC12.2.3.h Recognize that
nuclear reactions (fission,
fusion, radioactive decay)
convert a fraction of the
mass of interacting
particles into energy, and
this amount of energy is
much greater than the
energy in chemical
interactions
Conservation SC8.2.3.f Describe transfer
of energy from electrical
and magnetic sources to
different energy forms
(heat, light, sound,
chemical)
SC8.2.3.g Recognize all SC12.2.3.i Interpret the
energy is neither created law of conservation of
nor destroyed energy to make predictions
for the outcome of an
event
Mechanical Energy SC12.2.3.j Identify that all
energy can be considered
to be either kinetic,
potential, or energy
contained by a field (e.g.
electromagnetic waves)
Chemical Energy SC12.2.3.k Identify
endothermic and
exothermic reactions
11Adopted 10-6-10
SC K-12.3 Comprehensive Science Standard – Life Science
Students will integrate and communicate the information, concepts, principles, processes, theories, and models of the Life Sciences to make
connections with the natural and engineered world.
Grade Band Standards
3. Life Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC2.3.1 Students will SC5.3.1 Students will SC8.3.1 Students will SC12.3.1 Students will
1. Structure and investigate the investigate and investigate and describe the investigate and describe the
Function of Living characteristics of living compare the structure and function of living chemical basis of the growth,
Systems things. characteristics of living organisms. development, and
things. maintenance of cells.
Characteristics of Life SC2.3.1.a Differentiate SC5.3.1.a Compare SC8.3.1.a Recognize the SC12.3.1.a Identify the
between living and and contrast levels of organization in living complex molecules
nonliving things characteristics of living organisms (cells, tissues, (carbohydrates, lipids,
and nonliving things organs, organ systems, proteins, nucleic acids) that
organisms) make up living organisms
Cellular Composition of SC8.3.1.b Recognize that all SC12.3.1.b Identify the form
Organisms organisms are composed of and function of sub-cellular
one or many cells; that these structures that regulate cellular
cells must grow, divide, and activities
use energy; and that all cells
function similarly
SC8.3.1.c Recognize SC12.3.1.c Describe the
specialized cells perform cellular functions of
specialized functions in photosynthesis, respiration,
multicellular organisms cell division, protein synthesis,
transport of materials, and
energy capture/release
SC8.3.1.d Identify the organs
and functions of the major
systems of the human body
and describe ways that these
systems interact with each
other
12Adopted 10-6-10
Grade Band Standards
3. Life Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
Characteristics of Living SC2.3.1.b Identify the
Organisms basic needs of living things
(food, water, air, space,
shelter)
SC2.3.1.c Identify external SC5.3.1.b Identify how
parts of plants and animals parts of plants and animals
function to meet basic
needs (e.g., leg of an
insect helps an insect
move, root of a plant helps
the plant obtain water)
SC2.3.1.d Observe and
match plants and animals
to their distinct habitats
Behavior SC8.3.1.e Describe how SC12.3.1.d Describe how an
plants and animals organism senses changes in
respond to environmental its internal or external
stimuli environment and responds to
ensure survival
13Adopted 10-6-10
Grade Band Standards
3. Life Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC2.3.2 Students will SC5.3.2 Students will SC8.3.2 Students will SC12.3.2 Students will
recognize changes in living identify variations of investigate and describe describe the molecular basis
2. Heredity
things. inherited characteristics the relationship between of reproduction and heredity.
and life cycles. reproduction and heredity.
Inherited Traits SC2.3.2.a Describe how SC5.3.2.a Identify inherited SC8.3.2.a Recognize that SC12.3.2.a Identify that
offspring resemble their characteristics of plants hereditary information is information passed from
parents and animals contained in genes within parents to offspring is coded
the chromosomes of each in DNA molecules
cell
SC12.3.2.b Describe the
basic structure of DNA and
its function in genetic
inheritance
SC12.3.2.c Recognize how
mutations could help, harm,
or have no effect on
individual organisms
Reproduction SC2.3.2.b Describe how SC5.3.2.b Identify the life SC8.3.2.b Compare and SC12.3.2.d Describe that
living things change as cycle of an organism contrast sexual and sexual reproduction results
they grow asexual reproduction in a largely predictable,
variety of possible gene
combinations in the offspring
of any two parents
14Adopted 10-6-10
Grade Band Standards
3. Life Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC5.3.3 Students will SC8.3.3 Students will describe SC12.3.3 Students will describe,
3. Flow of
describe relationships within populations and ecosystems. on a molecular level, the cycling
Matter and
an ecosystem. of matter and the flow of energy
Energy in
between organisms and their
Ecosystems
environment.
Flow of Energy SC5.3.3.a Diagram and SC8.3.3.a Diagram and explain the SC12.3.3.a Explain how the
explain a simple food chain flow of energy through a simple stability of an ecosystem is
beginning with the Sun food web increased by biological diversity
SC5.3.3.b Identify the role of SC8.3.3.b Compare the roles of
producers, consumers, and producers, consumers, and
decomposers in an decomposers in an ecosystem
ecosystem
Ecosystems SC8.3.3.c Recognize that SC12.3.3.b Recognize that atoms
producers transform sunlight into and molecules cycle among living
chemical energy through and nonliving components of the
photosynthesis biosphere
SC5.3.3.c Recognize the SC8.3.3.d Determine the biotic and SC12.3.3.c Explain how
living and nonliving factors abiotic factors that impact the distribution and abundance of
that impact the survival of number of organisms an ecosystem different organisms in ecosystems
organisms in an ecosystem can support are limited by the availability of
matter and energy and the ability
of the ecosystem to recycle
materials
SC8.3.3.e Recognize a population
is all the individuals of a species at
a given place and time
SC8.3.3.f Identify symbiotic
relationships among organisms
Impact on SC5.3.3.d Recognize all SC8.3.3.g Identify positive and SC12.3.3.d Analyze factors which
Ecosystems organisms cause changes, negative effects of natural and may influence environmental
some beneficial and some human activity on an ecosystem quality
detrimental, in the
environment where they live
15Adopted 10-6-10
Grade Band Standards
3. Life Science
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC2.3.4 Students will SC5.3.4 Students will describe SC8.3.4 Students will identify SC12.3.4 Students will describe
4. Biodiversity recognize changes in changes in organisms over characteristics of organisms that the theory of biological evolution.
organisms. time. help them survive.
Biological SC2.3.4.a Recognize SC5.3.4.a Describe adaptations SC8.3.4.a Describe how an SC12.3.4.a Identify different
Adaptations seasonal changes in made by plants or animals to inherited characteristic enables types of adaptations necessary
animals and plants survive environmental changes an organism to improve its for survival (morphological,
survival rate physiological, behavioral)
Biological Evolution SC8.3.4.b Recognize the SC12.3.4.b Recognize that the
extinction of a species is caused concept of biological evolution is
by the inability to adapt to an a theory which explains the
environmental change consequence of the interactions
of: (1) the potential for a species
to increase its numbers, (2) the
genetic variability of offspring
due to mutation and
recombination of genes, (3) a
finite supply of the resources
required for life, and (4) the
ensuing selection by the
environment of those offspring
better able to survive and leave
offspring
SC8.3.4.c Use anatomical SC12.3.4.c Explain how natural
features of an organism to infer selection provides a scientific
similarities among other explanation of the fossil record
organisms and the molecular similarities
among the diverse species of
living organisms
SC12.3.4.d Apply the theory of
biological evolution to explain
diversity of life over time
16Adopted 10-6-10
SC K-12.4 Comprehensive Science Standard – Earth and Space Sciences
Students will integrate and communicate the information, concepts, principles, processes, theories, and models of Earth and Space Sciences to
make connections with the natural and engineered world.
4. Earth and Grade Band Standards
Space Sciences K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC2.4.1 Students will SC5.4.1 Students will SC8.4.1 Students will SC12.4.1 Students will
observe and identify observe and describe investigate and describe investigate and describe
1. Earth in Space
objects of the sky. characteristics, patterns, Earth and the solar the known universe.
and changes in the sky. system.
Objects in the Sky and SC2.4.1.a Identify objects SC5.4.1.a Recognize that SC8.4.1.a Describe the SC12.4.1.a Describe the
Universe in the sky (the Sun, the the observed shape of the components of the solar formation of the universe
Moon, the stars) and when Moon changes from day to system (the Sun, planets, using the Big Bang Theory
they are observable day during a one month moons, asteroids, comets)
period
SC12.4.1.b Recognize that
stars, like the Sun,
transform matter into
energy by nuclear
reactions which leads to
the formation of other
elements
SC12.4.1.c Describe
stellar evolution
Motion of Objects in the SC2.4.1.b Identify objects SC5.4.1.b Recognize the SC8.4.1.b Describe the
Solar System that appear to move in the motion of objects in the sky relationship between
sky (the Sun, the Moon, (the Sun, the Moon, stars) motion of objects in the
stars) change over time in solar system and the
recognizable patterns phenomena of day, year,
eclipses, phases of the
Moon and seasons
Gravitational Effects SC8.4.1.c Describe the
effects of gravity on Earth
(tides) and the effect of
gravity on objects in the
solar system
17Adopted 10-6-10
4. Earth and Grade Band Standards
Space Sciences K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC2.4.2 Students will SC5.4.2 Students will observe SC8.4.2 Students will investigate SC12.4.2 Students will
2. Earth
observe, identify, and and describe Earth’s materials, and describe Earth’s structure, investigate the relationships
Structures
describe characteristics structure, and processes. systems, and processes. among Earth’s structure,
and Processes
of Earth’s materials. systems, and processes.
Properties of Earth SC2.4.2.a Describe Earth SC5.4.2.a Describe the SC8.4.2.a Describe the layers of SC12.4.2.a Recognize how
Materials materials (sand, soil, characteristics of rocks, Earth (core, mantle, crust, Earth materials move through
rocks, water) minerals, soil, water, and the atmosphere) geochemical cycles (carbon,
atmosphere nitrogen, oxygen) resulting in
chemical and physical
changes in matter
SC8.4.2.b Describe the physical
composition of soil
SC8.4.2.c Describe the mixture of
gases in Earth’s atmosphere and
how the atmosphere’s properties
change at different elevations
SC8.4.2.d Describe evidence of
Earth’s magnetic field
Earth’s Processes SC5.4.2.b Identify weathering, SC8.4.2.e Compare and contrast SC12.4.2.b Describe how
erosion, and deposition as constructive and destructive forces heat convection in the mantle
processes that build up or (deposition, erosion, weathering, propels the plates comprising
break down Earth’s surface plate motion causing uplift, Earth’s surface across the
volcanoes, earthquakes) that face of the globe (plate
impact Earth’s surface tectonics)
SC8.4.2.f Describe the rock cycle
SC8.4.2.g Describe the water
cycle (evaporation, condensation,
precipitation)
Use of Earth SC2.4.2.b Recognize ways SC5.4.2.c Identify how Earth SC8.4.2.h Classify Earth SC12.4.2.c Evaluate the
Materials in which individuals and materials are used (fuels, materials as renewable or impact of human activity and
families can conserve building materials, sustaining nonrenewable natural causes on Earth’s
Earth’s resources by plant life) resources (groundwater,
reducing, reusing, and rivers, land, fossil fuels)
recycling
18Adopted 10-6-10
4. Earth and Grade Band Standards
Space Sciences K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC2.4.3 Students will SC5.4.3 Students will SC8.4.3 Students will SC12.4.3 Students will
observe simple patterns observe and describe the investigate and describe investigate and describe the
3. Energy in
of change on Earth. effects of energy changes energy in Earth’s systems. relationships among the
Earth’s Systems
on Earth. sources of energy and their
effects on Earth’s systems.
Energy Sources SC2.4.3.a Observe that SC5.4.3.a Describe the SC8.4.3.a Describe how SC12.4.3.a Describe how
the Sun provides heat Sun’s warming effect on the energy from the Sun radiation, conduction, and
and light land and water influences the atmosphere convection transfer heat in
and provides energy for Earth’s systems
plant growth
SC12.4.3.b Identify internal and
external sources of heat energy
in Earth’s systems
SC12.4.3.c Compare and
contrast benefits of renewable
and nonrenewable energy
sources
Weather and Climate SC2.4.3.b Observe and SC5.4.3.b Observe, SC8.4.3.b Identify factors
describe simple daily measure, and record that influence daily and
changes in weather changes in weather seasonal changes on Earth
(temperature, wind direction (tilt of the Earth, humidity,
and speed, precipitation) air pressure, air masses)
SC2.4.3.c Describe SC5.4.3.c Recognize the SC8.4.3.c Describe SC12.4.3.d Describe natural
simple seasonal difference between atmospheric movements influences (Earth’s rotation,
weather indicators and weather, climate, and that influence weather and mountain ranges, oceans,
how they impact seasons climate (air masses, jet differential heating) on global
student choices stream) climate
(activities, clothing)
19Adopted 10-6-10
4. Earth and Grade Band Standards
Space Sciences K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
SC5.4.4 Students will SC8.4.4 Students will use SC12.4.4 Students will
describe changes in Earth. evidence to draw explain the history and
4. Earth’s History
conclusions about changes evolution of Earth.
in Earth.
Past/Present Earth SC5.4.4.a Describe how SC8.4.4.a Recognize that SC12.4.4.a Recognize that
slow processes (erosion, Earth processes we see in any sequence of
weathering, deposition) and today are similar to those sediments or rocks that
rapid processes (landslides, that occurred in the past has not been overturned,
volcanic eruptions, (uniformity of processes) the youngest sediments or
earthquakes) change rocks are at the top of the
Earth’s surface sequence and the oldest
are at the bottom (law of
superposition)
SC8.4.4.b Describe how SC12.4.4.b Interpret
environmental conditions Earth’s history by
have changed through use observing rock sequences,
of the fossil record using fossils to correlate
the sequences at various
locations, and using data
from radioactive dating
methods
SC12.4.4.c Compare and
contrast the physical and
biological differences of
the early Earth with the
planet we live on today
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