No.2 magazine A publication by - THE SCHAUFLER FOUNDATION 2020
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magazine
A publication by
THE SCHAUFLER
FOUNDATION
2020
No.2
magazine
preserve
preserve 1
pre|serve
1. protect, guard,
for example:
from harm, disease,
disappointment or error
2. store, keep safe
for example (in a figurative sense):
a memory
3. maintain, keep,
for example:
composure or posture
Source:
German original from
Duden dictionary
2
Editorial
Dear readers,
The second edition of tsf magazine focuses on the theme of
preservation. Preserving, exploring and developing the extensive
Schaufler Collection of art, which is on display at the SCHAUWERK
museum in Sindelfingen, are central tasks for THE SCHAUFLER
FOUNDATION. Similarly, this is how we interpret our role in rela-
tion to our partner company BITZER. As a shareholder, the Foundation
preserves the company’s independence assuring long-term stability for
management and the workforce, as well as taking an active interest in
BITZER’s strategic and economic development to ensure a secure future.
Last but not least, we are committed to preserving the found-
er’s ideas; for my husband Peter Schaufler, preservation did not just mean
safeguarding what already exists but also its revision, challenge and
transfer to the present.
The articles in this magazine were written prior to the start
of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany so they do not reflect the cur-
rent situation. In the wake of the pandemic, the focus on preservation
has gained new significance. Our “normal” daily lives have been turned
upside down and influenced by many changes. Each day, we face unique
challenges and follow new paths. Despite this, we can still preserve our
values and carry them with us into this new reality.
In our magazine’s second edition, we discuss the theme of
preservation with experts and introduce you to Foundation projects. We
visit the artist Ben Willikens in his studio; SCHAUWERK will present
a major retrospective of his work in 2022. We report on the construc-
tion of the Foundation’s own art storage facility and how this new facili-
ty and the SCHAUWERK museum will form a modern art district in the
future. Finally, we give you an insight into the new SCHAUFLER Lab@
TU Dresden, a project which brings together scholarship holders from
the fields of science and art to explore the topic of artificial intelligence.
This and much more awaits you in tsf magazine. Preserve
your optimism and your curiosity! I hope you enjoy reading this issue.
Christiane Schaufler-Münch,
Chairwoman, Board of Trustees, THE SCHAUFLER FOUNDATION
magazine preserve Editorial
Contents
No.2
preserve
40
Visiting the studio of
Ben Willikens
20
Ingo Smit in conversation
with Prof. Robin Langebach
Now Next
4 News 48 What the future holds
In conversation Art & refrigeration
20 Foundation meets 50 Peter Bialobrzeski
endowed professor
A visit
40 to Ben Willikens’s studio
14
The museum SCHAUWERK is expanding
to include an art storage facility for the
Schaufler Collection. The new building
is being constructed where the BITZER
headquarters once stood.
Spotlight on
preservation
Essay Showcase
6 The course is set 26 Remember & preserve
Facts & figures At a glance
12 Did you know? 32 On preservation
Project Commitment
14 The art of 34 Development that stays
preservation
Introduction
Project 38 Museum of
18 Research at the refrigeration
University of
Hohenheim Spotlight
46 Michael Wesely
magazine preserve Contents 5
Now
Promoting young talent
Centre for young
researchers in
Horst Zecha (left), Director of
Nagold
Sindelfingen’s cultural office (Kulturamt),
and Dr. Joachim Schmidt (right),
Chairman of the Bürgerstiftung
Sindelfingen community foundation,
unveil the replica sandstone relief.
Lea Salome Marquardt
working on her project
“Water – how clean
is it?”
Regional news
The Jugendforschungszentrum Schwarzwald- Sindelfingen
relief
Schönbuch was founded in the town of Nagold
in 2007; this centre for young researchers,
which has been supported by THE SCHAUFLER
FOUNDATION since 2011, offers enthusiastic,
inquisitive school students the opportunity to ex-
periment, research, discover and invent things. Sindelfingen’s Romanesque St. Martin’s Church
Guided by experienced professionals, young possesses a relief dating from 1477. It commemo-
visitors have the chance to carry out science rates the relocation of the famous canon monas-
and technology experiments independently and tery to Tübingen, which established the basis for
to explore the exciting possibilities of research. the founding of the university there. In 1862, the
TSF’s financial support makes a valuable con- exterior relief was removed and brought inside
tribution to promoting young talent beyond the the church to protect it from wind and weath-
classroom in science, technology, computer er. Thanks to support from THE SCHAUFLER
science, mathematics and healthcare. The re- FOUNDATION and other donors, in 2019, a replica
search centre is committed to getting more of this medieval work of art was created with the
young people interested in science and techno- help of a digital 3D scanner. Subsequently, a 3D
logy projects and introducing them to careers in printer produced the mould for the final bronze
these sectors. Students in fifth grade and above casting. The replica relief can now be seen out-
can sign up for the centre’s activities and pro- side St. Martin’s Church, bearing witness to a sig-
grammes free of charge. nificant event in the town’s history.
4
Selecting scholarship
students for the
SCHAUFLER Lab@TU
Dresden at the Tech-
nische Universität
Dresden
Support
Further train-
ing in refrig-
eration and air
conditioning
In November 2019, THE SCHAUFLER
FOUNDATION and the BIV – Bun- Science and research
SCHAUFLER
desinnungsverband des Deutschen
Kälteanlagenbauerhandwerks (Fed-
eral professional association of
German refrigeration plant mechanics) Lab@TU
signed an agreement to support
advanced training in the field of re- Dresden
frigeration and air conditioning for
teachers and trainers at vocational THE SCHAUFLER FOUNDATION supports an in-
terdisciplinary postgraduate programme and an
schools. This industr y has seen artist residency at the Technische Universität
many technological advances due Dresden (TU Dresden). The SCHAUFLER Lab@TU
Dresden brings together ten doctoral students
to the legal requirements of the from all disciplines and enables them to explore
F-gas regulation and the increasing the interactions between technology, art, sci-
ence and entrepreneurship. The residency gives an
use of natural refrigerants, such artist the opportunity to pursue artistic scientific
as ammonia and CO₂. Such develop- research over a six-month period. The first phase
of the SCHAUFLER Lab@TU Dresden project fo-
ments, along with extensive inno- cuses on the latest developments in artificial in-
vation in system construction, mean telligence, particularly in relation to changes in
society and culture. This is not just about creat-
that the many vocational schools ing technical solutions, but also involving peo-
and training centres need to adapt ple, and creating confidence and trust in new
developments. Bringing together different aca-
and update their programmes. TSF demic disciplines promotes an active exchange
now provides training vouchers for of ideas and allows new concepts to emerge.
The recently established SCHAUFLER Lab@TU
seminars and trainings in coopera- Dresden successfully unites TSF’s two focuses:
tion with the BIV. science and art.
magazine preserve Now 7
The
Text
Andrea Voigt
course
Image
Büro Schramm
für Gestaltung
is set
P
eople rarely hear about the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry
since it tends to keep a low profile. But this is undeserved: After all,
beyond its vital economic importance and its enormous growth poten-
tial, it also makes crucial contributions to the common good. In addition, it has
an important role to play in solving one of the greatest problems of our time –
the constant increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which drive climate change
and must urgently be curtailed if warming over 1.5 °C is to be prevented. Refrig-
eration and air-conditioning technology is closely connected to this issue. Sus-
tainable solutions exist; now it is time to recognise and harness their potential
to achieve decarbonisation on the path towards carbon neutrality.
The refrigeration and air-conditioning industry is often underestimated, even
though its global economic role is important – and increasing. In 2018, its market
volume amounted to approximately 135 billion USD, more than the photovoltaics
industry, for example. Rapid growth is expected in the coming years, with volume
projected to increase to 170 billion USD and the number of devices sold from 336
million to 460 million per year by 2030. Global warming and increasing urbanisa-
tion are among the most important drivers of this growth. In Europe alone, it is
anticipated that about 80% of the population will live in cities. That in turn means
higher temperatures – which on average tend to be around 1 °C higher in cities than
in their surroundings, and as much as 6 °C higher in hot climate zones – and height-
ened demand for a well-functioning cold chain. The greatest growth is expected in
countries such as China, India and Indonesia, where rising incomes are also driving
significant increases in sales, as in many developing countries.
8
Essay
Sustainable refrigeration and
air-conditioning technology
as an opportunity for growth
and carbon neutrality
magazine preserve Essay 9
The refrigeration and air-condition- ing industry tends to keep a low profile. Beyond its vital economic importance, it also makes crucial contributions to the common good. 10
The role of refrig-
The role of refrigeration and air-conditioning tech-
eration and air-con-
nology in society is often underestimated as well
although it makes an important contribution to at-
taining many of the United Nations Sustainable De-
ditioning technology
in society
velopment Goals, for example with respect to food
supply, health and well-being, productivity and sus-
tainability in cities.
Every year roughly 20% of all food in Europe goes to waste. Yet every second day,
43 million Europeans cannot afford a full meal. The global figures are even more
alarming. About 1.3 billion tons, a third of all food produced for human consump-
tion, go to waste. At the same time, one person in nine is going hungry, a total of
820 million people worldwide. Population growth combined with global warming
and its consequences, including water scarcity, drought and overfishing, are in-
tensifying the pressure on global food supply even further. An uninterrupted and
appropriate cold chain can contribute decisively to improvements here. For ex-
ample, storing food at the proper temperature extends its shelf life, a relevant
factor especially in countries where agriculture is important. A World Health Or-
ganization (WHO) report reveals that 600 million people worldwide become ill af- Every year,
ter eating spoilt food every year, and 420,000 of them die. Here too, storing and
transporting food at the right temperature can make a crucial difference, besides roughly 20%
factors such as hygiene and water quality. This is particularly true in developing of all food in
countries. After all, whereas food spoilage in industrialised regions such as Europe
is mostly due to it being “wasted” (for example, discarded after its sell-by date), Europe goes
food in developing countries spoils even before it reaches its point of sale. That is
why experts differentiate between “food waste” and “food loss.” to waste. Yet
every second
Refrigeration and air-conditioning technology is also important for health. The
WHO estimates that approximately 12,000 people die every year because of ex- day, 43 million
treme temperatures and that this number could rise to 92,000 by 2030 and even to
255,000 by 2050. The most vulnerable groups are older people and small children. Europeans can-
This also applies to Europe. An estimated 35,000 people, in particular the elderly, not afford a
died in the heatwave of 2003. In light of the fact that Europe’s population is age-
ing – more than 25% of Europeans will be over 65 years of age in 2030, compared full meal.
to 17% today – this risk will become even greater. Refrigeration technology is in-
dispensable for keeping medication and vaccines cool as well. The WHO assumes
that more than half of all freeze-dried and approximately a quarter of all liquid vac-
cines worldwide spoil every year because of electricity failures and lack of cooling.
Apart from the fact that these medicines and vaccines could have saved lives, their
loss also has negative economic impacts.
Air-conditioning technology also affects productivity. Studies have shown that
students learn best at temperatures between 20 °C and 23 °C and that their con-
centration is poorer at higher temperatures. The same is true for workers. For ex-
ample, the International Labour Organization has warned that 1.5 °C global warm-
ing by the end of the century could bring about a loss of 2.2% of working hours,
amounting to 80 million jobs, which would entail costs of 2.4 trillion USD by 2030.
The important role of data centres, for which cooling is essential, should also be
mentioned. It is expected that about 125 billion end-user devices will be connected
to the Internet in 2030 – almost five times as many as in 2017.
magazine preserve Essay 11The challenge for the refrigeration and air-conditioning in-
dustry lies in the fact that a majority of the systems in use
The challenge:
are compression refrigeration systems requiring electrici-
ty and refrigerants. In order to secure their sustainability
for the future, it is important to reduce their share of the
Increases in
increase in global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG).
Fossil energy consumption and industry dominate global greenhouse gas
CO₂ emissions, accounting for almost 70%, and an increas-
ing share, about 40% today, is due to the generation of
electricity and heat. Whilst fluorinated gases (F-gases
emissions
such as SF₆, HFCs and PFCs) make up the smallest share of
total global emissions, they have seen the highest growth: 4.6% in the past ten years
and 6.1% in 2018. F-gases, especially HFCs, account for just 2% of total emissions
in the EU. The good news is that targeted measures have been initiated. In the EU,
they include the F-gas Regulation and the Mobile Air Conditioning Directive, which
are already bearing fruit, having brought about a reduction in HFC emissions since
2014. At the global level, the 2016 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol aims
to reduce HFCs incrementally and has now been ratified by 81 countries. When it
comes to energy consumption and CO₂-related emissions, however, much remains
to be done, both globally and at EU level.
Energy
Numerous studies in connection with the EU
Ecodesign Directive have shown that the great-
est share of emissions from refrigeration and
consumption air-conditioning technology is due to energy
consumption: A typical ratio is at least 75% of
emissions coming from energy consumption
and emis- and 25% from refrigerants. As mentioned
above, most refrigeration systems rely on
sions from
electricity. That is why two complementary
approaches are especially important for re-
ducing energy-related emissions: energy effi-
refrigeration ciency (i.e. the reduction of energy consump-
tion by refrigeration and air-conditioning
systems) and electricity generation (the ener-
and air-con- gy mix). Just over half of global final energy
consumption is due to heating and cooling. Yet
ditioning
electricity from renewables accounts for less
than 2% of that consumption. In Europe, heat
pumps consume somewhat more than 10% of
technology the electricity from renewables used for heat-
ing and cooling. That is why refrigeration and
air-conditioning technology can make a deci-
sive contribution to decarbonisation using an
integrated approach covering heating, cooling and electrification. Because if these
facts are set in relation to each other – that is, increasing decarbonisation of the
electricity mix, a high-emissions heating sector dominated by fossil fuels and the
market growth of refrigeration systems that mostly rely on electricity – then it
becomes apparent that the potential of energy-efficient electrification of heating
and cooling has not been tapped even remotely. This is all the more true in light
of the fact that modern heat pumps can be used for both heating and cooling. The
increasing share of renewables in the electricity mix, in turn, requires significant The references
adaptation of the infrastructure and sufficient flexibility on the part of consumers. can be found on
Here too, heat pumps, as well as refrigeration and air-conditioning technology in page 51.
general, can make a significant contribution, be it through load management, heat
and cold storage systems or utilisation of waste heat. After all, this is basically
about reducing energy consumption from the outset and simultaneously switching
to renewables – through electrification, but also through the use of thermal solutions.
12Various initiatives have taken a closer look at the potential for sustainable refrig-
eration and air-conditioning technology. The Cool Coalition, which brings together
representatives of governments, civil society, in-
dustry and research, and the authors of the study
“The Cooling Imperative” recommend measures
similar to those proposed by the European Part-
Important steps to-
wards sustainable re-
nership for Energy and the Environment (EPEE).
The coalition summarised its approach to sus-
tainable cooling in the following steps: The first
step is to optimise the need for cooling. This in-
cludes building-related measures, such as insu- frigeration and air-con-
lation and glazing, greening of cities, installing
doors on chilled retail displays and avoiding inef-
ficient consumer behaviour, such as setting the
ditioning technology
air-conditioning temperature too low.
Increasing energy efficiency could achieve energy savings averaging roughly 30%,
not only through minimum energy efficiency requirements for products and energy
labels, but also through better maintenance, control and monitoring. Energy-effi-
cient system design, such as compressors with efficient capacity control or opti-
mised heat exchangers, can also lower energy consumption significantly. Recycling
refrigerants and extended producer responsibility contribute to better resource
efficiency as well. The European F-gas Regulation provides stimuli for reducing the
climate impact of refrigerants, for instance transitioning to refrigerants with a low-
er GWP, preventing refrigerant leaks, working with qualified equipment manufac-
turers and introducing recycling measures at the end of life of the equipment or
when switching to a new refrigerant. Shifting to renewables is a further step. An
integrated approach encompassing heating, cooling and electrification that fully
exploits the potential flexibility of refrigeration and air-conditioning technology as
well as opportunities for cold and heat storage can make an important contribution
to the energy transition and help decarbonise the heating sector, which is still heav-
ily dominated by fossil fuels.
Overcoming
There is no lack of sustainable technologies per se.
Instead, what is needed is political awareness of the
potential of refrigeration and air-conditioning tech-
obstacles nology to contribute to decarbonisation and carbon
neutrality in Europe – and thus also financial drivers,
investment programmes and market incentives. End
consumers do not know enough about the potential savings enabled by energy ef-
ficiency. The heating, cooling and electricity sectors are regarded separately and
not in an integrated way, and there are too few qualified equipment manufacturers.
But these obstacles can be overcome. Europe already has a comprehensive body of
rules, the “Clean Energy for All Europeans” package, which can help tackle these
problems specifically. The new European Green Deal creates additional opportuni-
ties, e.g. the planned strategy on smart sector integration or the renovation wave.
The course
Europe’s way forward is clear. According to the European Green Deal,
which Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has described as
Europe’s “man-on-the-moon moment,” carbon neutrality by 2050 will
be enshrined in law in Europe, the first continent worldwide to take
this step. It is now up to the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry is set
to take up this challenge and to recognise it not as a threat, but as an
opportunity for sustainable growth. The technologies are available, so the task is
now to create the right legal framework and appropriate business models so that
they will prevail on the market – in Europe and around the world.
magazine preserve Essay 13Facts &
figures
Did you
know?
The highest
freezing point
of butter is
–5.6 °C.
Oil
paint-
ings
Illustrations
Uli Knörzer
are stored at a relative
humidity of 50% (+/– 2%).
Cucumbers can
be stored for
10–14
days.
14Fresh
ham
is stored at a relative A
humidity of
donor
85–90%. heart
is preserved at 4 °C.
The temperature range for
storing books in a library is
18–24 °C.
Wood The optimum storage
12 °C.
temperature for beer is
sculptures
are stored at
18–19 °C.
magazine preserve Facts & figures 15Text
Ingo Smit
The art
of preser-
vationThe museum SCHAU- Eventually, when handling works of art, great care
is required. Depending on the type of material, spe-
cial gloves (cotton, latex or nitrile) should be worn to
WERK is expanding to in- prevent damage such as grease stains caused by
touching. It is also important to note that different
clude an art storage facil- materials often require different conditions, how-
ever, when exhibiting art, compromises have to be
made so that very different objects can be displayed
ity for the Schaufler Col- at the same time.
Damage is often caused by inappropriate
storage. Some artworks should be stored flat, whilst
lection. The new building others should be kept hanging or standing. In gen-
eral, art should be stored unpacked as packaging ma-
is being constructed where terials often leave marks. Artwork also needs to be
protected from pests, mould and mildew as well as
from fire and water damage. When works from the
the BITZER headquarters Schaufler Collection are loaned, for example, to exhi-
bitions in Europe or the USA, fragile works need to
be transported in their own crates and some require
once stood. climate control shipping crates, which ensure that
the temperature remains constant during transporta-
tion. The way an artwork is packed is always ad-
apted to its materiality. Works of art are transported
by professional art freight companies using special-
ist equipment like as air suspension trucks, which
protect objects from intense vibrations. Before an
artwork goes on tour, however, conservators prepare
S
ince the Schaufler couple first discovered a log documenting its condition so that any changes
their passion for collecting art in the 1970s, can be identified. Fragile items are accompanied by
their collection has grown considerably. The couriers, who ensure that they are handled appro-
Schaufler Collection now comprises around 3,500 priately. If something does go wrong, specialists are
works of art in a diversity of genres – from paintings, Maintaining and called in to inspect and repair the damage (restora-
graphic art, sculptures and photography to installa- preserving the tion) or prevent any further alteration (conservation).
tions as well as light and video art. Whilst some of Schaufler Collection Most of the Schaufler Collection is cur-
is one of SCHAU-
these artworks are sturdy and robust, made from sol- rently kept in rented external art storage facilities
WERK’s and TSF’s
id materials such as stone and bronze, others are ex- key tasks. with only a few works housed in the SCHAUWERK
tremely fragile mirror objects or made from delicate museum exhibition space in Sindelfingen. Maintaining
organic materials, such as wax, pigments or textiles. and preserving the Schaufler Collection is one of
Preserving the art collection that is run SCHAUWERK’s and TSF’s key tasks; with their own
by THE SCHAUFLER FOUNDATION involves a huge art storage facility, they will be able to fulfil this re-
amount of effort; when it comes to storage, not only sponsibility even more effectively in the future.
the materials but also the weight and size of an art- The idea of creating an independent art
work can present a major challenge – some weigh a storage facility emerged when BITZER decided to
tonne or more. A specific indoor climate is required construct a new company headquarters in Sindelfin-
to ensure that the artworks “feel comfortable” and gen. Once the employees had relocated to the new
are well preserved in a storage facility or exhibition premises in summer 2019, the old headquarters stood
space. Constant temperatures and humidity are es- empty – BITZER no longer had a use for the 1960s
sential, for example, to prevent oil paintings on can- structure, which was in need of renovation. So de-
vas or wood from developing cracks or tears. Some molishing the building, which directly adjoined the
works are sensitive to the effects of light. Especially museum, and using the site to create a modern art
photographs and graphic art may fade or yellow if storage facility for the Schaufler Collection seemed
the lighting is too intense or they are exposed to day- the obvious choice. The demolition of the old BITZER
light. Here, the recommended lighting level is maxi- headquarters began in January 2020 and soon the
mum 50 lux, which is not much: A cloudless summer new storage facility and the current SCHAUWERK
day can be as high as 100,000 lux and an office work- museum will be a homogenous art district.
place requires 500 lux. The lighting in a cosy living The proximity of the storage facility to
room is equivalent to 50 lux. the museum will have many advantages. In the fu-
Over the years, the effects of light and ture, the art collection will be directly accessible
temperature may cause damage to an artwork; this making it easier for the curators to develop exhibi-
is particularly the case for objects made from foam. tion concepts as they will be able to view the origi-
magazine preserve Project 17The new building nals. Moreover, costly and complicated transport
between external storage facilities and the exhibition
space will no longer be necessary. The improved ac-
will be more than
cessibility of the collection will also simplify coop-
erations with other museums with regard to loaning
artwork. In the future, the conservators dedicated to
just an art storage
taking care of the artworks will work in the new
building, which will enable them to check the condi-
tion and appearance of artworks directly. Moreover,
paintings and sculptures previously hidden away
facility: It will in external storage spaces can be rediscovered in
the years to come. This will also make it possible to
view the entire collection and enable the catalogue
also house art of works to be reviewed and updated.
With a storage area of around 4,000 square
metres, the new facility will have ample space for all
education spaces
kinds of art from the collection. The three-storey
purpose-built structure will be almost 70 metres
long and over 40 metres wide; its distinct, clean
for creative
design is based on the SCHAUWERK museum com-
plex. The exterior is characterised by exposed con-
crete and a façade constructed from profiled glass
and trapezoidal metal sheet. The building may cre-
hands-on work- ate a simple impression from the outside, but the
interior is highly complex. State-of-the-art technolo-
gy optimally regulates the air temperature and hu-
shops with school midity keeping them constant throughout the year.
Indeed, fire poses the greatest risk to the artworks,
although damage caused by water used to extinguish
classes and kin-
a fire can be even more serious. Therefore, complex
dergarten groups.
18technology will be utilised to extract some of the metal and plastics are used rather than wood, cotton
oxygen from the air in the storage rooms to guard and other “susceptible” materials. In addition, the
against fire from the outset. This low-oxygen en- entire site must be secured against break-ins includ-
vironment ensures that nothing can catch fire or ing measures such as video surveillance, motion
burn. Incidentally, the oxygen reduction process, air sensors, robust code-secured doors and a reinforced
conditioning and lighting are partly powered by en- concrete structure.
vironmentally friendly solar energy produced by In order to speed up the process of finding
solar panels which will cover most of the roof. artworks among the 3,500 exhibits, there are plans
The low oxygen level means that staff can to fit each item with its own barcode. It is clear that
only stay in the storage rooms for a limited period of conserving and protecting an art collection in an art
time, so the delivery area and the passage between storage facility involves an immense amount of ef-
the storage rooms and the exhibition area need to be fort. It ultimately means creating a well secured, her-
fitted with special airlocks. These airlocks have an metically sealed, stable climate-controlled chamber,
additional benefit as they not only prevent fire, mois- filled with high-tech equipment that provides opti-
ture and temperature fluctuations, but also keep out mal protection from fire, burglary, insects and other
other artworks’ “enemies,” such as mould, dust and uninvited guests.
insects, and notably woodworm in picture frames, Nevertheless, the new building will be
packing crates and sculptures. The airlocks mean more than just an art storage facility: It will also
that objects can be inspected and cleaned as soon as house art education spaces for creative hands-on
they are delivered. If an artwork is affected by wood- workshops with school classes and kindergarten
The new storage
worm or other insects, it can be quarantined to pro- groups, as well as an in-house conservation studio
facility and the current
tect infestations from spreading to the artworks SCHAUWERK museum to ensure that artworks are kept in the best possible
stored in the main warehouse. will soon form a homo- condition and are ready to be exhibited. Such precau-
Of course, careful attention is also paid genous art district. tionary measures help prevent potential damage. In
to the materials used in the storage space to ensure addition, a café and offices for the museum’s techni-
that no damage is caused to the works of art by sol- cal staff are being constructed and the former base-
vents evaporating from glue or paint. A modern art ment area will become an underground car park
storage facility requires special shelving and storage with around 70 parking spaces.
systems, as well as sophisticated sensor technology The Stuttgart-based architecture firm BFK
to control temperature, humidity and lighting. Thus, was commissioned with designing and implementing
the project. BFK also created the SCHAUWERK muse-
um building, as well as several other BITZER build-
ings, including the SCHAUFLER Academy, BITZER’s
international training centre in Rottenburg.
magazine preserve 19Research
at the
University of
Hohenheim
Drying medic-
inal and aro-
matic plants at
the Department
of Agricultural
Engineering in
Text
the Tropics and Sebastian Awiszus,
Subtropics Sebastian Reyer,
Joachim Müller
20Sustaining and further promoting domestic cultivation of
medicinal and aromatic plants are important policy
objectives in Germany. Cultivating medicinal plants is to
become more attractive to farmers. Producing high-
quality medicines from plants and spices involves process-
ing the plant material to make saleable products
such as nettle tea or spice blends. Therefore, medicinal and
aromatic plants are dried to ensure their quality and
shelf life. Two important aspects related to drying the
plants must be kept in mind here: energy as a cost
factor and air flow as a quality-relevant factor.
Drying medicinal and aromatic plants, such as
sage, marigold and nettle, is very energy-intensive.
Since the plants are still quite moist at the beginning of
the drying process, large amounts of energy must be
invested to evaporate the water. In traditional systems,
this energy exits the drying process as unused water
vapour. THE SCHAUFLER FOUNDATION funded the con-
struction of a pre-dryer which reclaims part of the Ziba Barati and Sebastian
drying energy and employs a heat pump to reuse it in the Awiszus drying medicinal
and aromatic plants in the
drying process. The goal is to reduce energy con- experimental facility at the
University of Hohenheim
sumption and to make use of the condensed water,
which contains essential oils.
Sufficient air flow is indispensable to en-
sure that the plants are dried properly. The TSF donation
funded a test station to enable measurement of
pressure loss over the fill height. The pressure loss curves
are used to design a fan to ensure sufficient air flow
throughout the fill. This is essential to guarantee high
product quality.
magazine preserve Project 21Ingo
Smit
in conversa-
tion with
As Chairman of the
Management Board
of TSF, Ingo Smit man-
ages the Foundation’s
various projects with
universities.Images
Büro Schramm
für Gestaltung
Prof. Robin
Prof. Robin Langebach
has held an endowed
chair at Karlsruhe
University of Applied
Langebach
Sciences since
1 March 2019.
Prof. Robin Langebach assumed the W3 En-
dowed Chair of Compressor Technology, fi-
nanced by THE SCHAUFLER FOUNDATION, at
the Institute of Refrigeration, Air Condition-
ing and Environmental Engineering (IKKU) of
Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences
(HsKA) on 1 March 2019. Born in 1981 in Greiz,
Langebach studied mechanical engineering
with a specialisation in aerospace engineer-
ing, first at Technische Universität Dresden
(TU Dresden) and later, alongside his profes-
sional commitments, at Dresden International
University (DIU). From 2008 he worked as a re-
search associate at the then Chair of Refrigera-
tion Technology and Cryogenics and obtained
his doctorate there. From 2013, he directed the
refrigeration technology team at the BITZER
Chair of Refrigeration, Cryogenics and Com-
pressor Technology for five years. Most recent-
ly, Robin Langebach gained industry experi-
ence at DIEHL Aviation Gilching GmbH.
magazine preserve In conversation 23INGO SMIT: First of all, thank you very much IS: What is it about refrigeration and air-condi-
for hosting us today at HsKA. We are delighted tioning technology that inspires you?
that you were willing to assume our endowed
chair! You have been in Karlsruhe for more RL: I personally feel that the field of refrigera-
than a year now. But what actually led you to tion and air-conditioning technology is almost like
refrigeration and air-conditioning technology? a family. I know many engineers personally from
conferences or joint projects. In addition, the field
PROF. ROBIN LANGEBACH: I originally wanted can make a great contribution to dealing with the
to study aerospace engineering, and I went to Dres- climate crisis at the moment. If we made use of all
den since TU Dresden was one of the few universi- the potentials and opportunities for improvement
ties offering this field of study. Initially I had little we know about today, that would be a major step
to do with refrigeration technology even though my towards reducing CO₂.
father was an electrical engineer and worked for a
refrigeration systems manufacturer. As a student, IS: What was your first year at HsKA like?
I was interested in fluid dynamics and heat trans-
fer. That was the beginning of my journey towards RL: Extremely stressful! But in the same breath,
refrigeration and compressor technology. While I I must add that I have enjoyed this time nonethe-
was working on a paper on heat transfer in small less. My colleagues welcomed me warmly, and the
air compressors, Prof. Hans Quack, who later be- university attempted to ease the burden. I am also
came my doctoral advisor, offered me a position at the pleased by the students’ positive responses to the
then Chair of Refrigeration Technology and Cryo- classes I teach. To me, that is the highest praise and
genics. That’s how I worked myself forward from a great motivation.
cryogenics to classical refrigeration technology.
The topic has fascinated and captivated me since IS: HsKA is one of the few research and teach-
that time. I continued on this path when I later ing institutions in Germany with a special-
worked in industry, with Diehl Aviation, develop- isation in refrigeration technology within its
ing small cooling units for applications in commer- mechanical engineering programme. What are
cial aircrafts. If I had not had the opportunity to re- HsKA’s special features here?
turn to academia, to the endowed chair, I would have
gladly remained in industry for a longer time. But to RL: When I first visited HsKA, I was surprised
me, the great advantage of an academic career lies in how much equipment was available for teaching
the variety of the work. Industry is forced to remain and research. The students have the opportunity
closely oriented towards the market and the cus- to receive training that is both theoretically sound
tomer. Academia can and must leave this path and and practically oriented. I consider close contact to
take a broader view. the teaching staff to be a major advantage. They are
there to have one-on-one conversations with stu-
dents and to help them find internships, and there
is also a wealth of opportunities to support students
free of charge when things aren’t working well.
TSF strengthens HsKA does a lot to attract students, and even more
to encourage them to stay and complete their studies
successfully.
research and teach- IS: What do you see as priorities for research
and teaching today and in the future?
ing in refrigeration RL: I see teaching focussing on making the speciali-
sation more attractive by using new media, learning
platforms, YouTube videos and paperless exams.
and air-conditioning And I think research in compressor technology
relating to refrigeration technology will first pri-
oritise new basic research into chemical compres-
technology through sion and the evaluation of new refrigeration tech-
nologies. Moreover, we must make greater efforts
to advance conventional technology and to manage
the endowed chair. the constantly evolving challenges. They certainly
include new refrigerants, but also tried and tested
ones, as well as mixtures and their characteristics –
for example the large volume flows when using
Ingo Smit water as a refrigerant. Optimising noise and vibra-
24Zitate?
Layout
lockern
Prof. Robin Langebach
showing Ingo Smit the cold
chamber with a temperature
of –75 °C.
magazine preserve Im Gespräch 25The students receive training
that is both theoretically sound
and practically oriented.
Prof. Robin Langebach
26tion behaviour is important, as is the increasing
digitalisation of components and systems. Many of
these topics are already under study at the IKKU.
IS: Where do you see future challenges for
the industry and the field of refrigeration and
air-conditioning technology?
RL: From a technical perspective, I believe the in-
dustry will have to pay more attention to the mega-
trend of energy efficiency and the related question
of suitable and sustainable refrigerants. That will
bring about greater diversification and specialisa-
tion of components and systems. This is associated
with an enormous challenge to the industry: the
shortage of skilled workers. For one thing, there is a
lack of engineers, for another, there are not enough
skilled workers with various levels of vocational
training. Digitisation and monitoring of systems
and components are also on the agenda. I think that
some parts of the industry – for example supermar-
ket refrigeration systems – are highly advanced,
while others need to catch up.
IS: Why should young people study mechanical
engineering with a specialisation in refrigera-
tion and air-conditioning technology? What do
you believe are the incentives?
RL: In recent months, we all observed that young
people have a very strong interest in global warm-
ing. I believe that everything begins with being
interested! Young people who decide to focus on
energy or refrigeration and air-conditioning tech-
nology at a university or in vocational training can
make active contributions to managing the climate
crisis. Another advantage of studying refrigera-
tion and air-conditioning technology is that it can
be used as a springboard for success in many dif-
ferent industries: automotive, classical mechanical
engineering as well as wind and solar. Refrigeration
and/or thermal management is needed everywhere.
Regardless of whether policy decisions support hy-
drogen or pure electromobility, refrigeration tech-
nology is always on board!
The conversation took place in February 2020.
Prof. Robin Langebach in
the lab with students
magazine preserve In conversation 27Showcase
Remember &
preserveExhibition view
ZERO, 2010/11,
with works by Hanne
Darboven (background),
Michelangelo Pistoletto (left)
and Mathieu Mercier (right)
28Hanne Darboven
Das Jahr 1974 (detail), 1974,
ink on parchment paper,
372 sheets, 29.5 × 21 cm
Hanne Darboven collects time and
each
poses questions about time. Consis-
tency, ritual, structure, order, serial
sequences, lines, data, coding, mono-
tone sequences, grids, discipline –
all can be found in the artist’s work.
magazine preserve Showcase 29Candida Höfer has photo-
graphed museum interiors
around the world. Her large-
scale colour photographs are
mostly without people and
ref lect her objective, method-
ical way of working. In this
series, the focus is not on the Subodh Gupta
Bucket, 2005,
documentary photograph but
stainless steel, 300 × 197 × 197 cm
Candida Höfer
on the atmospheric character Altonaer Museum
Hamburg VI 2000, 2000,
C-print, 154.5 × 154.5 × 4.2 cm
of a place.
30In Subodh Gupta’s
work, his motif of
an oversized bucket
often recurs. In
India, the artist’s
country of origin,
this common indus-
trial product is used
daily as a means
of transporting
water. Hence, this
giant stainless steel
bucket serves as a
monument to global
water shortages.
magazine preserve Showcase 31Not Vital’s work
“Camel” preserves
the remains of a
sun-dried camel in
13 silver spheres.
In addition to
their significance
as an autonomous
work of art, these
balls also function
as urns.
Not Vital
Camel, 2003,
sun-dried camel in 13 silver spheres,
diametre: ca. 25 cm each
magazine preserve Showcase 33At a Appreciate the past
and how we got to
glance
where we
are today.
On pre-
serva-
tion
Liam Davies
Aged 27
Head of Internal Support
and Applications
BITZER, United Kingdom
“When it comes to preservation, I con-
sider adaptability a core component
Illustrations
of success. Throughout history those
Uli Knörzer
who have adapted best have thrived.
In a world where technology has ad-
vanced and improved quality of life
I believe it is important to embrace new
ideas, skills and methods. However,
it is also important to remember the past
and how we got to where we are to-
day. This approach ensures that I keep
an open mind to change and think
about the benefits and flaws when sug-
gestions are put forward.”
34Because we pre- Improving products
serve, the future means preserving
success is limitless. and protecting the
environment and us.
Minky Mgwele Sun Yuanyuan
Aged 40 Aged 37
Account Administrator Project Leader
BITZER, South Africa BITZER, China
“The word ‘preserve’ means a lot to me: “If you preserve something, you should
nurture, keep safe. In order to be suc- save it or protect it from damage or
cessful in life you need to preserve and decay. A report by UNEP says that hu-
build on what you have. Most suc- man health will be increasingly threat-
cessful people in the world obtained ened, if urgent action is not taken
their wealth by doing exactly that. to protect the environment. The colour
This should motivate us to preserve what of environmental protection is ‘green,’
we have, polish and nuture it until which symbolises life and harmony.
we reach the level of success we want. Green is also the dominant colour of
When I came to BITZER three years BITZER and this represents that our prod-
ago, I realised that here we preserve ucts concentrate on preserving and
what we have and nurture our people. improving the environment through the
This is a good component in a com- development of intelligent and user-
pany since people represent the company. friendly products. And, we are also mak-
That’s why I always say: ing contributions to environmental
‘My blood is green’.” protection in our daily work life.”
magazine preserve At a glance 35Preserving means
knowing, developing,
growing
A tried and tested
recipe for baby food
ultimately creates
jobs for many
Devel-
opment
that Fredica Baguma whose orga-
nisation RUHEPAI educates
village health trainers
stays Text
Angelika
Severin
36When the Stay foundation began
working with the Stay Alliances,
volunteers and trainees managed
to shoulder the work and private
donations financed the project.
Today, it has grown to a dimension
that requires full-time staff.
Believing in Stay’s approach to
development cooperation, THE
SCHAUFLER FOUNDATION sup-
ports the foundation’s executive
management by financing addi-
tional jobs at its Stuttgart location.
TSF thereby indirectly secures the
work of Justine, Geofrey, Fredica
and all the members of the Stay
Alliances as well.
J
ustine is happy as she walks to her moth- five children. And she explained how she used to
er’s house carrying her baby. For the first prepare her own baby food from millet, soybeans,
time, the doctor was satisfied with her maize and other grains that were available at the
little daughter’s weight. Justine had tried every- market. And it was cheaper than the baby food
thing for months, but her child just didn’t gain from the supermarket too. Justine tried it out, and
weight. And as a single mother relying only on finally her daughter gained weight.
the income from her part-time job at a bank, she Making your own baby food may not
couldn’t afford ready-made baby food from the su- be spectacular. But Justine Mukazungu lives in
permarket. In desperation, she asked her mother Uganda, and she used her mother’s knowledge to
for advice. After all, Justine’s mother had raised establish a successful social enterprise.
magazine preserve Commitment 37Scaling up
means more Benjamin Wolf started his career in the
field of traditional development aid, but he realised
that his development work did not have local roots,
and more which is why its success depended on him and other
aid workers being present on site. What he saw on
his travels illustrated a problem that dominates re-
people benefit ports on development aid here too: empty schools,
dried-up wells and rusted tractors. Many projects
were well-intentioned, even executed properly, but
were not anchored in the country itself. Wolf real-
S
ince many of Justine’s friends had to sup- ised that good work will stay only if people identify
port their small children with little mon- with projects instead of feeling that they were con-
ey and gladly accepted her baby food, she ceived by others from the outside.
developed the idea of selling it to other parents
in town. Her calculation was simple: If she could
produce the baby food on a larger scale, she would
earn more money than at the bank.
That is how the story of Stina Food began.
Today Justine’s company produces affordable baby
food. She sells it through more than 300 stores in Seeking experts
her region and supplies it to four hospitals and three
children’s homes. Her business already employs 30
people.
However, Justine was not satisfied with
at home in Africa
keeping the company on this scale. She wanted to
produce the baby food with organic ingredients. He began to seek out people who had
Stina Food now collaborates with another social established businesses based on their knowledge
enterprise to train small-scale women farmers in about their country, their culture and the people
organic farming; this ensures that the ingredients around them, allowing them to find a way out of pov-
are available. Justine now sources them from 300 erty and dependence on industrialised countries.
of these farmers. Their newly-gained knowledge en- In Uganda he met Fredica Baguma. She
ables them to obtain good prices for their products. knew that the simple path to health is knowledge
In Uganda, as in Germany, organic grains sell for about diseases. This often requires health workers
significantly higher prices than those that are con- working in villages, rather than doctors. Her organ-
ventionally grown. isation, RUHEPAI, educates village health trainers,
The more Stina Food grows, the more who bring basic knowledge about diseases such as
babies benefit and the more small-scale women farm- AIDS, but also diarrhoea, to the villages and enable
ers prosper too. Justine has contributed to develop- people direct access to better health.
ing the economy on the basis of a tried and tested Nsubuga Geofrey Simbwa, a boy from
family recipe, opening up a path out of poverty for the slums, had taken his education into his own
many families. hands using a donated laptop. Today, young people
from Ugandan slums can learn a trade at SOMERO,
his vocational school in Kampala, and use their
Using and scal- skills to earn money.
Benjamin Wolf saw not only the enor-
mous promise of these social entrepreneurs, but
ing up knowl- also the potential of connecting Fredica, Geofrey
and other movers and shakers. Learning from each
other, refining and expanding their own work and
edge: A basis for
finding allies – the idea of the Stay Alliance network
was born.
development aid
38Preserving
and expanding
potential
That was the first milestone. Now the
local social entrepreneurs have the opportunity
to scale up their successful work and to establish
it in other regions through the network. The path
out of poverty in rural areas is not reinventing the
wheel, but spreading knowledge about the wheel.
Being aware of what you know is as important as
knowledge itself.
Like many start-ups, the Stay Alliance
Uganda needed seed money and confidence to scale
up its business ideas. So the Stay foundation ini-
tiated the campaign UNTERNEHMER FÜR UN-
TERNEHMER – STUTTGART (ENTREPRENEURS
Justine Mukazungu,
today a successful
FOR ENTREPRENEURS) in 2015 to raise aware-
entrepreneur ness and money for the project; funds are distribut-
ed to the members through the Stay Alliance.
Now businesses and private individuals
can support the development of social enterprises
in Uganda by providing donations and financial
assistance through the Stay Alliance, with the as-
surance that the network is well-structured and
From the be-
self-monitors effectively. Today, there are now Stay
Alliances in three African countries with 80 social
enterprises.
ginnings to
By preserving the idea of local social
entrepreneurs, the Stay Alliance achieves some-
thing that previous development cooperation
approaches did not accomplish: a rootedness in the
registration country and hence development that stays.
In November 2019, Justine proudly told
her mother that the Stay foundation and the Stay
Alliance were supporting her with funding and
In 2006, Wolf, a business graduate with comprehensive know-how to help her develop her
a specialisation in NGOs, gave up his position in organic baby food idea and expand to other regions
a management consulting firm and established a of Uganda.
foundation with some friends; in 2012 the founda-
tion was renamed Stay. Its first pilot project was
the Stay Alliance, a network founded with three
Ugandan social enterprises. Today the Latek Stay
Alliance Uganda is a coalition of almost 40 local
social enterprises, that is, experienced and highly
qualified experts who are rooted in their home re-
gions and have established their own businesses
there. Through the Stay Alliance, the foundation
Stay allows these leaders to exchange experiences,
participate in personal and professional develop-
ment courses, and agree on direct cooperation ar-
rangements which enable them to promote their
projects throughout the country.
magazine preserve Commitment 39Intro-
duction
Images
Büro Schramm
für Gestaltung
Museum
of refrig- Linde crosshead compressor,
eration
manufactured in Augsburg by
MAN, ca. 1900. This com-
pressor design dominated the
market for industrial systems
up until the 1940s. As part of
its “Road of Refrigeration,”
HKK has documented a num-
ber of examples that are
preserved very well.
40W
hat would our daily life be like without development from its beginnings to the present day
refrigeration technology? No ice cream and to make its history accessible to the public. Most
in the summer, no berries in the winter, of the museum’s exhibits are from the Heinz Bacher
no fresh milk anytime, wilted vegetables and spoilt Collection, which arrived in Maintal in May 2000
meat! Air-conditioning and refrigeration technolo- and was the starting point for founding HKK. Heinz
gy has completely changed everyday life and made it Bacher was a master refrigeration plant assembler
more convenient. Most people are not aware that this and the owner of a refrigeration and air-condition-
technology is part of their daily lives since it keeps ing company in Waiblingen near Stuttgart. Through-
a low profile. But not in Maintal: the Frigotheum – out his professional life, he collected historical re-
Museum der Historischen Kälte- und Klimatechnik frigeration systems, especially compressors, but also
(Museum of Historical Refrigeration and Air-Condi- other components of the refrigerant circuit, as well
tioning Technology) presents exciting exhibits that as drawings, posters, signs of companies and many
were selected due to their revolutionary character in other objects. Bacher wanted to preserve his pre-
Characteristic model
the field of refrigeration and air-conditioning tech- decessors’ knowledge and make it available for future
of a chiller from the
nology. Visitors gain an in-depth view of the exciting 1970s with a semi- generations to experience. HKK inspected the Bacher
world of refrigeration. The history of refrigeration hermetic reciprocating Collection and painstakingly restored the important
machines goes back to the second half of the 19th compressor, manufac- pieces it now showcases. Numerous items are cur-
century. Large breweries actively promoted the tured by MAFA Halle. rently waiting in temporary storage and are under-
technology because they did not want to remain de- going restoration. Furthermore, HKK constantly re-
pendent on natural ice. This traditional method of ceives donations of new objects. Besides the museum,
cooling was arduous and time-intensive because HKK is also devoting its work to the “decentralised
it involved cutting the ice from frozen lakes in the museum” since many important pieces of equipment
winter and transporting it to storage cellars. Thus, are housed at various locations. As a result, HKK has
breweries invested in the new technology to ensure prepared a map “Auf der Strasse der Kälte” (“On the
economic success. Road of Refrigeration”) indicating the most important
The Verein Historische Kälte- und Klima- objects across Germany.
technik e. V. (HKK; Association for Historical Refrig-
eration and Air-Conditioning Technology) has been
running the museum for 20 years in the Europäi-
sches Haus (European House) in Maintal and is sup-
ported by THE SCHAUFLER FOUNDATION and
others. In the year 2000, HKK was established to doc-
ument refrigeration and air-conditioning technology’s
magazine preserve Introduction 41You can also read
