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SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2012/13
Transport
An effective transport system is vital for the
economic growth and social development of
South Africa and, with goods and passengers
Tran sport moving more efficiently, it is a contributing fac-
tor for positioning the country as an attractive
destination for investment.
The Department of Transport strives to lead
the provision of an integrated, sustainable,
reliable and safe transport system, by plan-
ning, developing, coordinating, promoting and
implementing transport policies and strategies.
Although South Africa has a well-developed
transport infrastructure with the rail and air
networks being the largest in Africa, a great
deal still needs to be done before the transport
system will effectively meet all the country’s
transport needs.
Accordingly, government has unveiled plans
to spend billions to improve roads, railways and
ports.
The National Development Plan (NDP)
proposes a number of strategic focus areas
in transport infrastructure, which have to be
addressed to achieve the ideals outlined for
2030. These areas involve:
• prioritising transport solutions that are safe,
affordable and effective options
• focusing on transport as an entire network as
opposed to individual transportation modes
• finding ways to become less dependent on
transportation by improving spatial planning
in cities so that people can live closer to areas
of employment
• convincing South Africans to increase the use
of public transport, thereby lowering carbon-
intensive transportation mode usage, which
will reduce the environmental, social and
economic costs associated with transport.
Funding
The budget allocation for the Department of
Transport for the 2012/13 financial year totalled
R39 billion, growing to R48 billion in 2014/15.
The bulk of this was allocated as follows:
• R10 billion to the Passenger Rail Agency of
South Africa (Prasa), of which R5 billion was
to go into the acquisition of the new rolling
stock
622
South Africa Yearbook 2012/13
• R18 billion to the management of roads, of 2008 (Act 64 of 2008) and the Cross-Border
which R8,8 billion was intended for the South Transport Amendment Act, 2008 (Act 12 of
African National Roads Agency Limited 2008) allow for better road traffic enforce-
(Sanral) ment and improved cross-border regulation.
• R8,7 billion for the S’hamba Sonke Pro- • The pilot project for the implementation of the
gramme Administrative Adjudication of Road Traffic
• R10 billion to public transport, R5 billion of Offences (Aarto) Act, 1998 (Act 46 of 1998),
which was set aside for bus subsidies and a demerit point system for traffic offences,
the remaining R5 billion was earmarked for has been rolled out in the muni-cipal areas
Bus Rapid Transport (BRT)-related projects of Tshwane and Johannesburg. Over the
and the Taxi Recapitalisation Programme Medium Term Expenditure Framework
(TRP). period, the system will be extended to all
In his 2012 State of the Nation Address, Pres- municipal areas following the establishment
ident Jacob Zuma announced a massive infra- of the Road Traffic Infringement Agency
structure development to boost the country’s (RTIA), which will administer the system.
economy, promote job creation and enhance • The Civil Aviation Act, 2009 (Act 13 of 2009),
South Africa’s attractiveness to foreign invest- was promulgated to harmonise and rational-
ment. For the immediate future, transport infra- ise safety and security legislation for aviation
structure spending was boosted to R80 billion to ensure compliance with International Civil
for 2013/14, from R66 billion in 2011/12. The Aviation Organisation (ICAO) standards.
spending was to be spread across the country, • The Air Service Licensing Amendment Act,
with both urban and rural areas expected to 2008 (Act 21 of 2008) addresses corporate
benefit from the creation of jobs and tourism governance issues relating to the Air Ser-
opportunities. vices Licensing Council. The department
plans to implement the airlift strategy and
Legislation improve aviation safety and compliance with
The Department of Transport is guided by the the standards set by the United States of
following legislation and policies: America (US) Federal Aviation Administra-
• The National Land Transport Act, 2009 tion’s international aviation safety assess-
(Act 5 of 2009), clarifies the concurrent roles ment, and by the International Civil Aviation
and responsibilities of the different spheres Organisation, an organ of the United Nations
of government in relation to public transport. (UN).
It also consolidates public transport plan- • The Road Accident Fund (RAF) Amendment
ning, service delivery, regulation and mon- Act, 2005 (Act 19 of 2005) came into effect
itoring in the municipal sphere, establishes in August 2008 with the publication of regu-
the national and provincial public transport lations guiding, primarily, the assessment of
regulators and enhances overall transport injuries. The Act creates an equitable, afford-
regulatory functions. able and sustainable system for victims of
• The incorporation of the Shosholoza Meyl road accidents and their families. In Novem-
train service and the Autopax long-distance ber 2009, Cabinet approved the policy to
bus services into the Prasa has been final- provide benefits to road accident victims as
ised in the Legal Succession to the South a form of social security and to move away
African Transport Service Amendment from the current fault-based systems.
Act 2008 (Act 38 of 2008). Autopax will con- • The RAF: No-Fault Policy for the proposed
tinue to provide long-distance bus services Road Accident Benefit Scheme was final-
that complement the long distance rail ser- ised. This will form part of the Comprehens-
vices provided through Shosholoza Meyl. ive Social Security System and provide
• The National Road Traffic Amendment Act, a more sustainable, affordable, equitable
623Transport
and reasonable scheme. It will also further international airports, namely OR Tambo, Cape
eliminate disparities regarding access to Town and King Shaka international airports,
treatment and compensation. sustain about 300 000 jobs (direct and in-
direct) and that planned future developments,
Role players as a result of passenger and cargo growth, will
The Department of Transport has established result in the creation of some 150 000 new jobs
12 public entities to deliver on certain elements over the next 10 years, provided the envisaged
of government’s operational activities, namely infrastructure development plans are realised.
Airports Company South Africa (Acsa), Air Traf- For the past nine years, service standards
fic and Navigation Services (ATNS), the Cross- have been benchmarked through the Airports
Border Road Transport Agency (CBRTA), Council International’s Airport Service Quality
Prasa, the Ports Regulator, the Railway Safety Programme. There are currently 180 airports
Regulator (RSR), the RAF, the RTIA, the Road around the world taking part in this programme,
Traffic Management Corporation (RTMC), the ranging from Atlanta in the US (the largest) to
South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA), Incheon and Malaysia’s Kuala Lumpur (the
the South African Maritime Safety Authority most efficient). To date, Acsa airports have
(Samsa) and Sanral. These entities report to won 20 achievement awards for passenger
the Minister of Transport. satisfaction.
Commercial role players include Transnet,
South African Airways (SAA) and SA Express Air Traffic and Navigation Services
(SAX). (ATNS)
ATNS provides safe, efficient and cost-
Airports Company South Africa (Acsa) effective air traffic management solutions and
Acsa is majority-owned by the South African associated services on behalf of the state, in
Government, with the Public Investment Cor- accordance with ICAO Standards and Recom-
poration owning 20% and Black Economic mended Practices and the South African Civil
Empowerment shareholders and employees Aviation Regulations and Technical Standards.
holding the remainder. It operates South Af- ATNS is responsible for air traffic control
rica’s nine principal airports, providing airlines in approximately 10% of the world’s airspace
with world-class, secure infrastructure. and is the sole provider of air traffic, naviga-
Acsa is the largest airports authority in tion, training and associated services within
Africa. Together, its airports handle more than South Africa. ATNS trains air traffic controllers
200 000 aircraft landings and 23 million arriv- from South Africa, Africa and the Africa-Indian
ing and departing passengers annually. The Ocean area.
airports handle over 98% of the country’s com-
mercial air traffic. Cross-Border Road Transport Agency
It is estimated that South Africa’s three major (CBRTA)
The CBRTA was created to regulate cross-
With road network of 16 170 km, South Africa border road transport by providing an unsur-
has the longest network of roads of any African passed service through advising, facilitating
country. The drive from Musina in Limpopo in the and law enforcement. It plays a major role in
north to Cape Town at the southern tip of Africa promoting economic development within the
is a 2 000-km journey on well-maintained roads. Southern African Development Community
While the Department of Transport is responsible (SADC) region through facilitating access
for overall policy, road-building and maintenance
to cross-border markets and improving the
is the responsibility of the South African National
Roads Agency and the nine provinces and local
regulatory environment for trade and transport
governments. within the SADC region.
624South Africa Yearbook 2012/13
The Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa feasibility study by Cabinet and launch of the
(Prasa) is set to introduce an electric high-speed procurement process by the Minister of Trans-
train fleet in 2015, which will offer faster journey port in April 2012.
times and greater reliability. Prasa has appointed The accelerated rolling stock programme
Gibela Rail Transportation, a consortium that is on Metrorail coaches resulted in 510 coaches
led by French company Alstom, to manufacture delivered for the financial year, 60 coaches
the trains. Gibela was selected after a rigorous above target.
and thorough evaluation process, which involved
Progress on key infrastructure investment
executive managers at Prasa and transaction
advisors from reputable firms throughout the
programmes such as the National Signaling
world. Programme and Bridge City Extension is mak-
ing good progress.
Passenger numbers on the commuter rail
Cross-border road transport is regulated side have improved by 9,5% on 2010/11, mainly
through multi- and bilateral road transport as a result of actions of Prasa Rail operations
agreements, concluded with various SADC to ensure all revenues are collected.
member states and in line with the stipulations Autopax passengers increased by 65% in
of the SADC Protocol on Transport Commun- 2010/11 as a result of more buses run during
ication and Meteorology. the year on mainly existing routes.
Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa The National Ports Regulator (NPR)
(Prasa) The National Ports Regulator was established
Established in 2009, Prasa merged the opera- in terms of the National Ports Act, 2005 (Act 12
tions, personnel and assets of the South Af- of 2005). Its primary function is the economic
rican Rail Commuter Corporation, Metrorail, regulation of the ports system, in line with gov-
Intersite Property Management Services, ernment’s strategic objectives to promote equity
Shosholoza Meyl and the long-distance bus of access to ports and to monitor the activities
company, Autopax (Translux and City-to-City). of the Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA).
As part of the process of integrating these The regulator also promotes regulated competi-
entities, the role of Intersite was redefined to tion, hears appeals and complaints, and investi-
more effectively support Prasa’s new strategic gates such complaints.
direction and objectives. The TNPA is the largest port authority on the
Prasa’s initial objective was to upgrade the continent. It owns and manages ports at Rich-
existing passenger railway system to meet the ards Bay, Durban, East London, Port Elizabeth,
challenges of a modern society. This meant Mossel Bay, Cape Town, Saldanha and Ngqura.
implementing plans for the modernisation of The TNPA provides suitable infrastructure as
the signalling, telecommunications systems, a conduit for the country’s imports and exports.
rolling stock and train operating systems. Besides being the port landlord, it also has a
More recently, Prasa has shifted its focus control function, which includes:
away from the stabilisation of commuter rail • providing vessel-traffic control and naviga-
services towards implementing a major finan- tional aids
cial turnaround to ensure that it becomes a • licensing and leasing terminals to operators
viable entity capable of delivering on its legal • monitoring the performance of port operators
and public transport mandate. Other objectives • ensuring the orderly, efficient and reliable
include integrating individuals and communit- transfer of cargo and passengers between
ies, and enabling a better quality of life through sea and land.
access to socio-economic opportunities. Based on the White Paper on the National Com-
Acquisition of new rolling stock for Prasa mercial Ports Policy (2002), the vision for South
has made headlines with the approval of the African ports is to become a system of ports,
625Transport
seamlessly integrated in the logistics network, for debate in Parliament. The Bill seeks to
that is jointly and individually self-sustainable. provide for transitional measures in respect of
certain categories of third parties whose claims
The Railway Safety Regulator (RSR) were limited under the old Act and give effect to
The RSR oversees safety in the railway trans- the Constitutional Court judgment of Mvumvu
port industry, through appropriate support, mon- vs the Minister of Transport.
itoring and enforcement, guided by an enabling
regulatory framework, including regulations and The Road Traffic Infringement Agency
safety standards. Over the medium term, the (RTIA)
RSR will continue to strive to work towards an The RTIA mandate is predicated on the objec-
effective railway safety compliance regime. tive of decriminalising road traffic infringements
and dealing with them through administrative
Road Accident Fund (RAF) justice processes, thereby freeing the courts to
The RAF is a public entity that compensates deal with more serious crimes, including excess-
victims of motor-vehicle accidents for bodily ive speeding and driving under the influence.
injuries and/or loss of financial support caused The RTIA’s objectives include:
by the death of a breadwinner. • administering the procedures to discourage
It derives its income from tax levied on petrol the contravention of road traffic laws and to
and diesel sold in South Africa. The role of the execute the adjudication of infringements
RAF is to reintegrate victims of road accidents • enforcing penalties imposed against people
into society from a health and economic per- contravening road traffic laws
spective and protect wrongdoers and their • providing specialised prosecution support
families from financial ruin. services
The RAF provides compensation for loss of • undertaking community education and com-
earnings and support, general damage, and munity awareness programmes to ensure
medical and funeral costs to victims of road that individuals understand their rights and
accidents caused by the negligent or wrongful options.
driving of another road user.
Since the promulgation of the RAF Amend- Road Traffic Management Corporation
ment Act, 2005, compensation has been limited (RTMC)
to earnings and loss of support. Compensation The RTMC is responsible for coordinating
for pain and suffering is available only to the road-traffic management across the three
seriously injured. spheres of government. The core mandate of
In June 2012, Cabinet approved the RAF the corporation is to improve traffic-law compli-
(Transitional Provisions) Amendment Bill, 2012 ance and reduce road fatalities.
In line with the UN millennium development
South African heavy vehicle drivers scooped five
goals (MDGs) and the Moscow Declaration
awards in various categories at the 28th World
on Road Safety, which calls for a Decade of
Professional Drivers’ Championships.
The awards ceremony, hosted by the Road Action for Road Safety, the corporation set
Traffic Management Corporation and the Depart- itself goals over the medium term to reduce the
ment of Transport, was held at Sun City Resort road fatality rate by 25%. This objective would
near Rustenburg in August 2012. Vishnu Naidoo be achieved through, among others:
from KwaZulu-Natal, was number one in the • enforcing driver and vehicle fitness require-
Rigid category. In the Group category, Team ments
South Africa managed to get four awards, while • coordinating effective prosecution of moving
Finland, Germany and Switzerland took the other traffic violations
awards. South Africa, Finland and Germany
• implementing the national traffic law enforce-
scooped most of the awards.
ment code.
626South Africa Yearbook 2012/13
Cape Town was one of four cities short-listed The first outcome is achieved by ensuring
for the prestigious 2012 Sustainable Transport safety of life and property, as well as marine
Awards held in Washington in February 2012, environmental protection, within the South
with its non-motorised transport and bus rapid African waters and beyond, through:
transit network MyCiti receiving an honourable
• search-and-rescue services
mention. Cape Town received recognition for its
16-km bicycle lane, the longest continuous such
• salvage tug services to protect the marine
lane in Africa. environment
• port state control ship surveys
• coastal state control
The corporation also reviewed its strategic • qualification and certification of seafarers.
focus and developed a five-year strategic plan
to improve financial management. The South African National Roads
The RTMC will continue with the zero- Agency Limited (Sanral)
tolerance approach against traffic offenders, Sanral is responsible for the design, financing,
while a comprehensive public media campaign maintenance, operation and rehabilitation of
and consultative programme are underway to South Africa’s national toll and non-toll roads.
educate the public about the Aarto Act, 1998. Its functions include:
The allocation of demerit points to infringers • being responsible for proclaimed national
will be introduced on a national basis. roads
• maintaining, upgrading, operating, rehabilit-
South African Civil Aviation Authority ating and funding the national roads
(SACAA) • levying tolls to service toll roads
SACAA is charged with promoting, regulating • managing concessionaires
and enforcing civil aviation safety and security • advising the Minister of Transport on road-
standards. It performs administrative and over- related matters
sight control over 11 827 registered aircraft, • creating public value.
2 040 licensed aircraft maintenance engineers, Sanral manages the following: 1 573 km of
564 air maintenance organisations, 303 air dual carriageway, 550 km of four-lane undi-
operating certificate holders, 200 aviation train- vided roads; 14 047 km of two-lane, single
ing organisations, as well as 15 595 male and roads; 1 288 km of toll roads; and 1 832 km of
1 196 female pilots. state toll roads.
In 2012, there has been an increase to 123 The agency’s Open Road Tolling (ORT)
accidents from 111 in 2011. Project in Gauteng allows tolling without road
users having to negotiate toll plazas.
South African Maritime Safety Authority The intelligent transport systems used in
(Samsa) conjunction with the ORT will contribute to
Samsa leads and champions South Africa’s lessening congestion, improving road safety,
maritime interests as custodian and steward reducing carbon emissions and limiting the
of maritime policy, vigorous promoter of the impact of greenhouse gases on the environ-
maritime sector and giving full and complete ment.
effect to our obligations for the benefit of all Sanral’s strategy of pursuing public-private
stakeholders. partnerships (PPPs) has rendered substantial
Samsa’s mandate can be divided into two dividends. This policy is based on the reality
broad and distinct outcomes: meeting UN con- that there are no “free” roads: they are either
ventions regarding safety and pollution at sea, funded through general taxes or user fees. By
and attending to nation’s developmental chal- applying the “user-pay” principle, a targeted
lenges as they affect the country’s maritime portion of the national road network can be
interests. developed and expanded.
627Transport
PPPs with Sanral’s concessionaires – the KwaZulu-Natal, marked the start of port oper-
N3 Toll Concession (Pty) Ltd (N3TC), the N1/ ator Transnet Port Terminals’ seven-year equip-
N4 Bakwena Platinum Concession Consortium ment renewal project.
(BPCC) and the N4 Trans African Concessions The unloader is only the seventh of its kind
(TRAC) – allow Sanral to reduce the cost of in the world, and its arrival signals the start
transport, provide a safer and more reliable of the Richards Bay Terminal’s ambitious
road infrastructure, and build the economy of R3-billion equipment replacement programme
South Africa and its neighbours. To date, the to improve capacity, equipment reliability and
concessionaires have financed capital work to service delivery.
the value of R5 159,7 million. In a bid to increase the number of individuals
in the technical and engineering fields, as well
Transnet Limited as to aid in youth employment, TRF had by
Transnet is a focused freight-transport and October 2012 a total of 700 high school pupils
logistics company wholly owned by the South on board its Cadet Scheme. Through the
African Government. scheme, Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) is spon-
It comprises the following operating divi- soring learners from Grade 10 to 12 who are
sions: performing well in school, particularly in Maths
• Transnet Freight Rail and Science. The students must have an aver-
• Transnet Rail Engineering age of 60% and above. TFR has committed
• Transnet Port Terminals to provide the learners with school uniforms,
• Transnet Pipelines as well as to pay for tuition fees for both high
• TNPA. school and tertiary education.
In April 2012, Transnet announced the details Once learners have completed their Matric,
of a R300-billion investment in infrastructure they go on to study at the University of Johan-
that is expected to create more than 1,5 million nesburg through a partnership between the
jobs, while making its freight rail division the university and TFR. The scheme is mainly
fifth-largest in the world. aimed at young girls and people with disabil-
The lion’s share of Transnet’s R300 billion ities. Other than expos and visiting schools,
capital investment programme, R205 billion, the scheme is also looking at assisting out-of-
will be spent on rail projects – R151 billion school youth through the help of non-govern-
on freight rail – as the company pushed to mental organisations and information handed
increase freight rail volumes from about over by local municipalities.
200 million to 350 million tons by 2019, while
increasing its market share of container traffic In September 2012, Transnet started to test
the longest manangese train from the new
from around 79% to 92%.
Thipi Borwa manganese mine at Kathu in the
A large-scale shift in freight transport from
Northern Cape to the port of Port Elizabeth. The
road to rail will also address costs, congestion train of 18 diesel locomotives, four test cars and
and reduce carbon emissions. 208 freight cars loaded with manganese was
Transnet’s total contribution to employ- 2,23 km long.
ment is expected to increase by 54,8%, from The train will use radio-distributed power tech-
368 450 in 2011/12 to 570 263 jobs in 2018/19. nology, which is also used on the iron ore line
Transnet will implement a seven-year loco- between Sishen and Saldanha. The new siding
motive fleet procurement of unprecedented at Tshipi is unique in that it has a long loop that
scale in South Africa’s history, amounting to can accommodate three trains with 122 cars
each without blocking the main line. The siding
approximately R35 billion for 1 064 locomotives.
was designed to last at least 60 years. The trip
In July 2012, the arrival of a massive,
to Port Elizabeth is 1 085 km and 13 000 tons
custom-built pneumatic ship unloader at South manganese ore was transported.
Africa’s largest exporting port in Richards Bay,
628South Africa Yearbook 2012/13
South African Airways (SAA) In April 2013, SAA received authorisation
SAA is the leading carrier in Africa, serving to fly new safety-enhancing and fuel-saving
26 destinations across the continent, as well instrument departure and approach proced-
as major destinations within South Africa and ures. The approval, which is the first in Africa,
internationally from its Johannesburg hub at paves the way for further developments that
the OR Tambo International Airport and is a could enhance safety and increase operational
member of the largest international airline net- efficiency throughout SAA’s route network.
work, Star Alliance.
SAA’s core business is the provision of pas- SA Express (SAX)
senger airline and cargo transport services SAX is a domestic and regional passenger
together with related services, which are pro- and cargo carrier established on 24 April 1994.
vided through SAA and its four wholly owned Although the airline is operationally independ-
subsidiaries: SAA Technical; Mango, its low- ent of SAA, its flights are incorporated within
cost carrier; Air Chefs, the catering entity of the strategic alliance with Airlink and SAA.
SAA; and South African Travel Centre.
A new planned capital injection by govern- Programmes and projects
ment into SAA is part of a plan to make the
carrier more competitive in routes to African Road Transport Management System
countries. This will fund a new aviation strat- (RTMS)
egy, which was submitted to Cabinet in June The RTMS is an industry-led voluntary self-
2012. The strategy focuses on boosting ser- regulation scheme that encourages consign-
vices to the continent, thus boosting regional ees, consignors and road transporters to imple-
integration on the continent. ment a management system that preserves
From 17 January 2012, operations started road infrastructure, improves road safety and
from Johannesburg to Kigali (Rwanda) and increases productivity.
onwards to Bujumbura (Burundi). SAA’s most The system’s key components are load optim-
recent addition to its African route network was isation, driver wellness, vehicle maintenance
the start of flights to Ndola, Zambia on 2 Octo- and productivity. It is designed to show trans-
ber 2013. port companies how to take greater corporate
SAA launched the Johannesburg-Beijing responsibility for road safety.
route in January 2012, which is contributing A national RTMS steering committee is
to establishing South Africa as an aviation hub responsible for the promotion and adminis-
between South America and China, linking tration of RTMS in South Africa. It comprises
three of the five BRICS countries and connect- individuals representing major industries and
ing three continents. aligned stakeholders within the country.
The maiden flight for a new SAA service
between Johannesburg to Cotonou, Benin took National Transport Master Plan
place in May 2012. (Natmap)
The Department of Transport presented Parlia-
ment with the R750-million Natmap in 2010. It
In December 2012, South African Airways won includes linking Johannesburg to Durban and
Airline of the Year Award, as well as Best Airline Polokwane via rapid train networks; expanding
to Africa and Best Business Class White Wine, the ports of Saldanha and Cape Town, doubling
at Global Traveller magazine’s annual awards the Huguenot tunnel outside Paarl.
gala in Los Angeles. The airline was praised as Part of Natmap is to form partnerships with
having the best product, service and on board the private sector to help fund the projects and
amenities in the industry and for being a leader lower the burden on taxpayers. Its mandate
in the marketplace.
further includes:
629Transport
The construction of South Africa’s latest bus rapid The long-term goal of the strategy is to have
transit (BRT) system started in the Pretoria in 85% of a metropolitan city’s population within
July 2012. The R2,6-billion Tshwane BRT system one kilometre of the network, and provide a
forms part of the city’s revitalisation programme. transport service that is clean, comfortable,
The system will cover a total of some 80 km of reliable, fast, secure, safe and affordable.
bus lines, comprising 62 stations and will run
Consolidated government transport improve-
from Mabopane in the north through the Pretoria
ments will amount to R80 billion in 2013/14.
CBD, past Menlyn and on to Mamelodi in the
east. The system will include about 340 buses, As part of government’s commitment
some of which will be powered by gas. towards rural development, the S’hamba
Pretoria will be the fourth city in South Africa Sonke Programme addresses road mainte-
with a BRT system, joining Johannesburg, Cape nance on secondary roads and rural roads,
Town and Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. with particular emphasis on repairing potholes,
using labour-intensive methods of construction
and maintenance. R6,4 billion was set aside
• facilitating long-term and sustainable socio- for this programme in 2011/12, R7,5 billion in
economic growth 2012/13 and R8,2 billion for 2013/14, amount-
• promoting comprehensive integrated devel- ing to a total of R22,3 billion in the medium
opment planning term.
• acting as the infrastructure implementation/
action plan of macro-scale projects for the Electronic National Traffic Information
whole country. System (eNaTIS)
Natmap’s goals include: eNaTIS is a system which provides for the re-
• maximising the use of existing infrastructure gistration and licensing of vehicles. It manages
facilities and records applications for and authorisation
• developing future infrastructure facilities of driving and learner’s licences.
• developing an up-to-date and accurate cen- It is also a law-enforcement tool used to
tral land-use/transportation databank. ensure that the details of stolen vehicles are
circulated and prevents irregular and fraud-
Public Transport Strategy ulent re-registration of such vehicles.
South Africa is on its way to becoming the first The system delineates the life cycle of a
country in Africa to have rapid public transport vehicle, from the factory floor to the scrap yard.
networks. Such networks will not only change In September 2012, it became compulsory
the face of the country, but will boost economic for all new motor vehicles and motor vehicles
development, job creation and tourism. requiring a police clearance to be microdotted.
South Africa’s public transport strategy, The Department of Transport and the South
which comprises a multi-billion rand transport African Police Service (SAPS) would enforce
infrastructure plan, is set to entirely reshape the requirements through eNaTIS.
travel in South Africa. At the core of the plan The registration of a motor vehicle introduced
is a high-quality Integrated Mass Rapid Public onto the eNaTIS by the manufacturer, importer
Transport Network that includes rail, taxi and or builder after September 2012 would only be
bus services. The strategy aims to acceler- allowed if the microdot information was loaded
ate the improvement in public transport by onto the system.
establishing integrated rapid public transport
networks (IRPTNs), which will introduce prior- S’hamba Sonke Road Maintenance
ity rail corridors and BRT systems in cities. Project
The Public Transport Strategy is expected The S’hamba Sonke (meaning “Walking
to improve public transport services for more Together”) Programme, launched in April 2011,
than half the country’s population. is dedicated to the maintenance of roads. The
630South Africa Yearbook 2012/13
In May 2012, the Minister of Public Enterprises, strategy for South Africa, which addresses
Mr Malusi Gigaba, unveiled a plaque at the Salt challenges in rural development, such as:
River Engineering Works, the oldest railway plant • building bridges and non-motorised trans-
in the Southern Hemisphere. The plant has been port (NMT) facilities
at the heart of South Africa’s transport network • developing and implementing the IRPTNs
since 1862. It is central to the maintenance
for regular transport services
facilities that support the Sishen-Saldanha iron-
• developing and upgrading the airport net-
ore heavy-haul export corridor and the General
Freight Business in the Western Cape. work with a proper road-link infrastructure
and services
• revitalising rural railway operations by
objectives of the programme are to, among expanding rail passenger services and
other things, allocate a sizable amount of budget freight operations to the rural areas.
for pothole repairs on a district-by-district basis, Through the EPWP, the department aims to
as well as the maintenance and upgrading of contribute to job creation by implementing
heavily trafficked rural transport corridors and labour-intensive projects.
ensuring access to public facilities.
Since the launch of the programme, the Non-motorised transport (NMT)
Department of Transport has created more than The promotion of NMT is mainly aimed at
13 280 jobs and spent more than R1,7 billion. increasing transport mobility and accessibility,
In 2011/12, the S’hamba Sonke Programme mainly in rural areas.
created 68 000 full-time employment opportu- The Department of Transport has broadened
nities. Between 2012 and 2014, another 50 000 its Shova Kalula (“Pedal Easy”) Project into a
employment opportunities are envisaged. more comprehensive NMT project that incorpor-
Through the project, 100 new contractors ates, among other things, cycling and animal-
have created 6 500 jobs, benefitting co-opera- drawn carts. The project was first launched in
tives and companies owned by women, youth 2001 and introduced in Limpopo in 2010.
and people with disabilities. The project forms part of government’s
The department allocated the project R75 bil- action programme and is expected to contrib-
lion for 2012/13 and R8,2 billion for 2013/14, ute to its anti-poverty strategy and second-
amounting to R22,3 billion in the medium term. economy interventions. It is believed that these
initiatives improve the mobility of and access to
Rural Transport Strategy economic opportunities by rural communities.
The deep rural areas are still isolated from The department aims to distribute a million
major road and rail routes. The Rural Transport bicycles countrywide by 2015, in line with the
Strategy, approved by Cabinet in December resolution and action plan of the African Min-
2007, is promoting mobility in such areas. isters’ Transport Summit held in Addis Ababa,
Regarding the improvement of strategic Ethiopia, in 2005.
roads and implementation of the Road Infra- The Department of Transport has expressed
structure Strategic Framework of South Africa, interest in establishing a local bicycle-man-
National Treasury and the Department of ufacturing plant to produce bicycles for the
Transport have rolled out the provincial road project. The Shova Kalula Project also incorpo-
maintenance grant of more than R22 billion. rates micro-businesses, which sell, repair and
Rural infrastructure contributes to job crea- maintain bicycles to ensure the sustainability
tion and improves the socio-economic needs of the project.
of people in rural areas. It ensures access to
schools, clinics and economic opportunities. Taxi Recapitalisation Programme (TRP)
The Rural Access Improvement Programme The TRP is an intervention by government to
is part of a comprehensive rural transport bring about safe, effective, reliable, affordable
631Transport
and accessible taxi operations by introducing In 2012, more than R500 million was spent
new taxi vehicles designed to undertake public in Gauteng on the construction and mainte-
transport functions in the taxi industry. nance of roads. The R82 (the old Vereeniging
The TRP is not only about scrapping old taxi Road) linking Johannesburg and Sedibeng,
vehicles, but also about how best operators as well as William Nicol Drive, were upgraded.
can be assisted to benefit constructively in the The construction of the K154 was undertaken,
industry through empowerment. stimulating development in the rural parts of
Through the introduction of the new taxi south Sedibeng.
vehicles in the TRP, the government for the As part of rural development, roads in five
first time prescribed “compulsory safety and rural development nodes – Magaliesburg,
other requirements” to protect passengers, Winterveld, Hammanskraal, Rust de Winter and
operators, pedestrians, motorists and other Bantu Bonke – had been upgraded.
road users. The compulsory requirements are
also meant to ensure passenger comfort. Provincial roads
Through the TRP, government has ensured Provincial governments are responsible for
the following changes: planning, constructing and maintaining roads
• introduction of safety requirements for pas- and bridges, except those falling under San-
sengers ral or local governments. The Department of
• comfort for passengers by insisting on the Transport assists provincial and local govern-
size and number of seats ments to improve and develop the state of their
• promotion of accessibility on the size and roads.
number of seats
• branding and colour coding of taxi vehicles Municipal roads
so that legal taxis could be identified and dif- The construction and maintenance of most
ferentiated from illegal ones, and also that roads and streets within the municipal bound-
members of the public can easily identify a aries of cities and towns is the responsibility of
taxi vehicle. the municipality concerned.
Resources Toll roads
The toll road network comprises about 19%
Roads (3 120 km) of the national road grid. Some
1 832 km of these toll roads are managed by
National roads Sanral.
Government is responsible for overall policy, In its endeavour to continue with the expan-
while road-building and maintenance is the sion and maintenance of the comprehensive
responsibility of Sanral. national road network, Sanral will continue
The Department of Transport continues to with the selective expansion of the toll road
improve the road network by ensuring that it is network.
well maintained and safe. About 1 288 km of the tolled sections of
A new national roads plan was developed, national roads have been concessioned to
acknowledging the importance of roads to the private companies to develop, operate and
economy. maintain.
Between 2010 and 2015, R75 billion is to be The Minister of Finance, Mr Pravin Gordhan,
used for road infrastructure, maintenance and announced a special appropriation of R5,8 bil-
upgrading; with an additional R3 billion budg- lion to Sanral for its Gauteng Freeway Improve-
eted for the EPWP access roads, all of which ment Project (GFIP) in efforts to reduce the
are attempts by government to alleviate traffic toll motorists will pay for use of the highways.
congestion. Government aimed to reduce the R20-billion
632South Africa Yearbook 2012/13
debt to be paid through the toll system and Rail
enable a further discount for regular users of
the freeway. Gautrain
In April 2012, Cabinet appointed a commit- The Gautrain is an 80-km mass rapid transit
tee to be chaired by the Deputy President to railway system that links Johannesburg,
coordinate all work around the GFIP. Other Pretoria and OR Tambo International Airport.
members of the committee include the minis- It was built to relieve the traffic congestion in
ters of transport, finance, public enterprises, the Johannesburg-Pretoria traffic corridor and
and performance monitoring and evaluation in offer commuters a viable alternative to road
The Presidency; and the Director-General in transport, as Johannesburg had limited public
The Presidency. transport infrastructure.
This committee was mandated, among other The project was announced in 2000, before
things, to move with urgency to ensure that San- South Africa won the rights to host the 2010
ral’s financial stability was not affected in any FIFA World Cup™. Government gave the go-
way. The committee assessed government’s ahead for the project in 2005, and construction
response to the North Gauteng High Court began in 2006. In June 2012, the project was
ruling that delayed the implementation of e-tolls completed with the opening of the final section
and other related legal matters. It also met with between Rosebank and Johannesburg Park
appropriate stakeholders to find constructive Station.
solutions and consensus on the outstanding In a survey conducted in 2012 by Catalyst
matters. Research, passengers had rated the service
During the ongoing legal proceedings, gov- highly for train punctuality (94%), convenience
ernment had to act responsibly, ensuring that it (94%), value for money (93%), safety and
and the state-owned enterprises honoured their security (92%), and cleanliness (92%).
financial obligations timeously. Some 35% of passengers fall into the 35 to
Government also had to ensure that 49 year age bracket. About 20% are younger
nothing compromised its huge infrastructure than 24 and the majority are women.
programme, which is crucial for raising the level Less than three incidents of theft per million
of South Africa’s economic growth and for rais- passengers had been reported since the start
ing the standard of living of citizens, especially of operations between Hatfield in Pretoria
the poor and unemployed. and Rosebank in Johannesburg in August
In August 2012, Cabinet approved the Trans- 2011. No contact crime, such as muggings,
port Laws and Related Matters Amendment had been reported on the Gautrain. Over 400
Bill, 2012 for submission to Parliament. security guards and 800 CCTV cameras keep
The Bill had been necessitated by the devel- a watchful eye over the entire system.
opment of the GFIP, as well as future plans for By April 2013, passenger figures were close
the development of road infrastructure. to 50 000 people a day. That implicated that,
with an average of 1,1 people per car in South
Africa, there were almost 50 000 fewer cars on
The second Congress of the African Association the roads per day.
of Public Transport (UATP) took place in Johan-
nesburg in October 2012. The UATP is an Aviation
independent association that represents profes- South Africa’s nine major airports are:
sionals in Africa in the field of public transport and
• OR Tambo International in Gauteng
the transportation of goods by road, rail, sea, air
and water. This year’s congress focused on bus
• Cape Town International in the Western
rapid transit (BRT) systems as an adapted and Cape
sustainable solution for mobility in African cities. • King Shaka International in KwaZulu-Natal
• Bloemfontein International in the Free State
633Transport
• Port Elizabeth International in the Eastern In November 2012, Transnet Freight Rail’s
Cape (TFR’s) first train service to transport hematite
• Upington International in the Northern Cape products from Swaziland to South Africa’s
• East London Airport in the Eastern Cape Richards Bay started. The service is expected
• George Airport in the Western Cape to stimulate job creation and add an estimated
1,2 Mt a year to the TFR’s annual railings. It was
• Kimberley Airport in the Northern Cape
designed to run seven trains a week.
Acsa handles more than 10 million departing
passengers and 200 000 aircraft landings
annually. tices in such a way that it meets the require-
Aviation is well placed to continue its strong ments of all users and, particularly, the
support of South Africa’s trade, business international community
and leisure tourism objectives. Together with • rationalising all managed airspace in accord-
SAA and SAX, the department drafted an Af- ance with ICAO standards and recom-
rican Aviation Strategy that was submitted to mended practices in such a way that it meets
Cabinet in June 2012. The strategy is aimed at the requirements of all users by a consulta-
focusing the state-owned airlines on opportuni- tive process, strategically and tactically
ties in the continent and on promoting regional • minimising all permanently prohibited,
integration. restricted and danger areas in accordance
The dual challenge of a depressed global with ICAO standards and practices, and to
economy and high fuel prices means that facilitate the flexible use of airspace to the
shareholder support for SAA to procure a benefit of all users.
modern and fuel-efficient fleet is vital if it is to The NAMP will also guide the National Air-
remain competitive. space Committee, established through the
The department is working with the SAX Civil Aviation Regulations, 1997, in the execu-
Board to address the internal control chal- tion of its mandate, by providing measurable
lenges that the company is currently facing to key performance areas, performance object-
restore public confidence in the company. ives, indicators and targets in contemplating
The airline has launched three new domestic amendments to airspace, procedures and
routes and has further established a base at infrastructure.
King Shaka International Airport from which the
airline will play a catalytic role in continental Airlift Strategy
trade and economic integration, supporting the Cabinet approved the Airlift Strategy in July
Dube Trade Port industrial development zone 2006 to introduce effectively structured regula-
as well. tory measures for increasing tourism growth
In January 2011, the Department of Trans- for South Africa.
port announced the approval and coming into In particular, this strategy is based on
effect of the National Airspace Master Plan aviation policy directives and contributes to the
(NAMP) 2011 – 2015. It provides a strategic county’s growth by:
view and direction of airspace organisation • aligning with the Tourism Growth Strategy
and management within South Africa, as well and industry
as the notion of performance-based transition • prioritising tourism and trade markets
planning at global, regional and local level. • unblocking obstacles to growth through
It has been compiled in accordance with the regulatory mechanisms, and bilateral and
National Civil Aviation Policy, as amended, and multilateral air-services negotiations.
is effective as of January 2011. In particular, the strategy supports the MDGs
The objectives of the NAMP include:: and the objectives of the New Partnership for
• servicing the airspace in accordance with Africa’s Development to increase African con-
ICAO standards and recommended prac- nectivity and access through the accelerated
634South Africa Yearbook 2012/13
implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision In May 2012, the Eastern Cape Provincial Gov-
of 1999 on the liberation of intra-Africa air- ernment handed over Mthatha Airport to the South
traffic services. African National Defence Force for a maximum of
The overall objective of the Airlift Strategy five years. It will be used for training, particularly
is to increase aviation’s contribution towards by the South African Air Force. In return, the
sustainable economic growth and job creation. Ministry of Defence will help to construct a new
This requires the creation and maintenance of runway to accommodate larger aircraft. This ini-
tiative forms part of the Mthatha Airport Upgrade
an enabling framework, within which both sup-
Project, which is in line with the Blue Skyway
pliers and consumers of air-transport services Aviation Strategy of the Eastern Cape Provincial
may exercise reasonable flexibility and choice. Government and the King Sabata Dalindyebo
The strategy enhances the prospects of Presidential Intervention Project.
South Africa as a preferred air-travel destina-
tion and synchronises the basis for bilateral
air-services negotiations with other priorities. Airlines, Ghana Airways, Iberia, KLM, Kenya
The strategy also provides specific guide- Airways, LAM Mozambique Airlines, LTU
lines for various unique markets, with emphasis International Airways, Lufthansa, MK Airlines,
on the needs of intra-African air services, and Malaysia Airlines, Martinair Holland, Northwest
aims to improve the regulation of particularly Airlines, Olympic Airways, Qantas, Royal Air
the supply-side of air-transport services. Maroc, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Singapore Air-
The department also developed the Airlift lines, Swissair, Taag, Thai International, Turk-
Implementation Plan, which provides a clear ish Airlines, Uganda Airlines, United Airlines,
framework and capacity targets to be met. Varig, Virgin Atlantic, Yemenia, Zambian Air
The Airlift Strategy is expected to promote the Services and Zambian Skyways.
provision of adequate air-service capacity and In May 2012, the South African Government
infrastructure to cater for the projected growth welcomed the introduction of regular flights
in air movements within South Africa, and from Eritrea. Eritrean Airlines will fly to Cape
between South Africa and its key international Town International Airport and OR Tambo Air-
partners. port four times a week.
Airlines Freight transport
Several domestic airlines, as well as a number
of smaller charter airline companies, operate Ports
in South Africa. SAA, British Airways (BA)/ A major part of world trade depends on South
Comair, SA Express, SA Airlink and Inter-Air Africa’s coastal waters. The country is situated
operate scheduled air services within South on a major sea route, which facilitates the
Africa and the Indian Ocean islands. safe and secure movement of about 500 mil-
In addition to serving Africa, SAA also oper- lion tons of crude petrochemical sea trade.
ates services to Europe, Latin America and the This represents over 30% of the world’s petro-
Far East. chemical production, on board over 5 000
Other airlines operating in the country are tanker voyages of very large crude carriers per
Kulula and Mango. Scheduled international air year.
services are also provided by Air Afrique, Air The country’s ports handle over 430 Mt of
Austral, Air Botswana, Air France, Air Gabon, varied cargo types, carried on over 9 000 ship
Air Madagascar, Air Malawi, Air Mauritius, Air calls each year. The nine commercial ports
Namibia, Air Portugal, Air Seychelles, Air Tan- play a crucial role in South Africa’s transport,
zania, Air Zimbabwe, Airlink Swaziland, Alli- logistics and socioeconomic development.
ance Express, BA, Cameroon Airlines, Delta About 98% of South Africa’s exports are con-
Airlines, El Al, Egyptair, Emirates, Ethiopian veyed by sea.
635Transport
Hub ports Transnet Pipelines transports almost 50% of
The Port of Durban is a full-service general all refined petroleum products in the country
cargo and container port. It is the most con- for the emerging and major oil companies of
veniently situated port for the industrialised South Africa. The Tarlton storage and distribu-
Durban/Pinetown and Gauteng areas and tion depot is a vital conduit in the supply of
cross-border traffic. fuel to Botswana. Transnet Pipelines plans to
The Port of Durban has developed into enhance this service.
Africa’s busiest multiservice port, handling up Transnet Pipelines transports all the crude
to 80 Mt of cargo, and on average, 4 000 ships requirements for the inland refinery at Natref,
a year. from where almost 70% of their refined prod-
ucts and 80% at Secunda are transported
Multipurpose ports through the pipeline network to the final mar-
The Port of Port Elizabeth, with its proximity kets.
to heavily industrialised and intensively farmed Transnet Pipelines owns, maintains and
areas, has facilities for handling all commodi- operates a network of 3 000 km of high-pres-
ties – bulk, general and container cargo. Being sure petroleum and gas pipelines.
situated at the centre of the country’s motor- Investment is ongoing in the pipeline sector.
vehicle-manufacturing industry, the port imports Construction on a R5,8-billion fuel pipeline
large volumes of containerised compon- between the Mozambican Port of Matola in
ents and raw material for this industry. The bulk Maputo and Kendal in South Africa started in
of exports comprises agricultural products. 2009. The 450-km pipeline transports up to
Apart from agricultural produce, manganese 3,5 Ml a year and is expected to prevent poten-
ore, motor-vehicle-industry-related products tial fuel shortages in South Africa.
and steel are exported. The pipeline facilitates the importation of
Located mid-way between Cape Town and petrol and diesel from Mozambique, which has
Port Elizabeth, the Port of Mossel Bay has, extensive natural gas and coal reserves, but no
in the past, specialised in serving the local oil reserves. Of the pipeline’s total capacity of
inshore and deep-sea fishing industry, as well 3,5 Ml of fuel and diesel, a maximum of 1,5 Ml
as limited commercial cargo. However, it now is diverted to Mbombela while the remainder is
serves the oil industry as well as other client- transported to Kendal.
oriented marine cargo. This port is the only More than 60% of South Africa’s liquid-fuels
South African port that operates two offshore demand lies within the Durban-Johannesburg
mooring points within port limits. Both moor- Corridor. The Durban-Johannesburg Pipe-
ing points are used for the transport of refined line has become inadequate to transport the
petroleum products. required volumes of petroleum products from
The Port of East London is situated at the the coast to the inland regions.
mouth of the Buffalo River on South Africa’s
east coast, and is the country’s only com-
The old Durban International Airport (DIA) was
mercial river port. It boasts a large container handed over from Airports Company South Africa
terminal and grain elevator, and is the largest to Transnet to meet the demand for container
exporter of maize. With a world-class R80-mil- capacity in Durban. Once transformed, the DIA
lion car terminal, the port has become one will become home to 16 container berths, five
of the major motor-vehicle export and import automotive berths and four liquid-bulk berths. It
terminals in South Africa. is expected to create 20 000 direct and 47 000
indirect jobs during the construction phase. Once
Pipelines operationalised, it will employ 12 000 people
directly and another 16 000 indirectly through the
South Africa consumes about 25 billion litres of
value chain of suppliers.
petroleum products a year.
636South Africa Yearbook 2012/13
The multiproduct pipeline, which is under The Department of Transport has, in its efforts
construction at a cost of R23 billion between to address transport challenges, taken the fol-
Durban and Johannesburg, will be replacing lowing steps:
the existing Durban-Johannesburg pipeline • the 2005 Cabinet-approved National Freight
and is expected to increase capacity from Logistics Strategy, which proposed an insti-
4,4 billion litres to 8,4 billion litres by December tutional arrangement for railways
2013. • the draft Rail Branch Line Strategy, which
seeks to capacitate the current challenges
Freight faced by the secondary rail network and
Africa’s road access rate is only 34% com- allow private operators on this specific net-
pared with 50% in other geographical zones. work, and subsequently competition
Yet roads remain the dominant mode of • the Natmap, which deals with a demand
transportation, accounting for more than 90% forecast model in relation to demand for both
of passenger and freight transport in Africa, passenger and freight transport and the insti-
compared with around 50% of freight in tutionalisation thereof
Europe. • the Road Freight Strategy, which recom-
Government will also review its rail invest- mends proposals on how to better manage
ment programme to accelerate the shift of the road freight environment such as through
freight transport from road to rail. axle load mass limits, commodities that were
Transnet will invest about R63 billion in the identified as road friendly as well as those
freight rail system over the next five years. For that are rail friendly
its part, organised business will continue to • the Green Paper on Rail Policy as a blueprint
promote greater use of rail freight by compa- for railways (both passenger and freight in
nies. the country)
In August 2011, the Integrated Transport • a single transport regulator and related rail
Planning Unit in the Department of Transport economic regulator, which seeks to regulate
made a presentation to Parliament on The market access to the current rail network
Reduction of Freight Transportation by Road – for private operators who would have an
A Shift Towards Rail, which focused on, among opportunity to operate on the secondary rail
other things: network.
• the challenges of transporting freight by both
road and rail In March 2012, President Jacob Zuma unveiled
• an analysis of the road and rail market share a state-of-the-art cargo terminal, a trade zone, an
(with mostly the market share shifting to agrizone and associated property development at
road) the Dube Trade Port in La Mercy, KwaZulu-Natal.
• key freight corridors The port, in which the King Shaka International Air-
• identified rail- and road-friendly commodities port is located, has been operational for 22 months
• factors contributing to the decline of freight and the first phase has been completed. Included
rail was the construction of the Cargo Terminal, Trade
House, 29 South, Dube Square, Trade Zone and
• policy and strategic thrusts.
Dube City infrastructure, Agrizone and the informa-
The Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on tion technology and telecommunications platform.
Transport, which requested the presentation, The establishment of an aerotropolis in the north
raised questions about interventions and solu- of Durban, stretching from Umhlanga to Ballito,
tions in addressing challenges caused by road which will boost economic development and job
in particular, which spill over to the deterioration creation on the north coast and take forward the
of the rail market share, and current specific campaign against poverty, unemployment and in-
transport policies, strategies and implementa- equality, is envisaged for the port in the long term.
tion plans.
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