NorKam Senior Secondary School - Course Planning Tool 2020-2021 global citizens who are adaptable and value inquiry.
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NorKam Senior Secondary School
Our school goal at NorKam Senior Secondary is to develop
global citizens who are adaptable and value inquiry.
Course Planning Tool
2020-2021
NorKam
Table of Contents
Administration, Counselling & TNT Coordinator 2
Our Timetable 3
Wise Blocks 3
How We Operate 3
Scholarship Information 6
3 Year Course Planner 7
Courses Offered at NorKam Senior Secondary
Language Arts 8
Language Arts Electives 10
Mathematics 12
Science 17
Social Studies 22
Careers Education 26
Modern Languages 28
Physical and Health Education 32
ADST Courses at NKSS
Business Education 35
Information and Communications Technology 37
Home Economics & Culinary Arts 39
Social Sciences 40
Technology Education 42
Arts Education Courses at NKSS
Visual Arts 47
Media Arts 50
Performing Arts 52
Service Courses 56
Work Readiness Program 57
International Baccalaureate 58
Trades and Transitions 65
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 1 of 69
NorKam
Senior Secondary School
Administration, Counsellors & TNT Coordinator
NorKam Senior Secondary School
730 - 12th Street
Kamloops, BC
V2B 3C2
Phone (250) 376-1272
Fax (250) 377-2225
Website: www.nkss.sd73.bc.ca
Administration
Mr. Jonathan Brady - Principal
Ms. Tonya Perry - Vice Principal (A - K)
Ms. Nikki Stewart - Vice Principal (L - Z)
Counsellors
Mrs. Emily Rouleau (A - K)
Mrs. Erin Theunissen (L - Z)
Trades & Transitions Coordinator
Mrs. Sheila Monkman
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 2 of 69
NorKam Senior Secondary
How We Operate:
Our School Year:
NorKam Senior Secondary School operates primarily on a semester system; however yearlong courses
may be run to accommodate student learning. Students take a full program of eight courses per year,
generally broken down into four courses per semester.
Our Timetable:
Bell Schedule
Regular Day Wise Blocks - Wednesday PLC Day - Thursdays
8:30 Warning Bell 8:30 Warning Bell 8:30 Warning Bell
8:35-9:48 Period 1 8:35-9:33 Period 1 8:35-9:42 Period 1
9:53-11:06 Period 2 9:38-10:36 Period 2 9:47-10:54 Period 2
11:06-11:22 Long Break 10:36-11:21 Wise Block 10:54-11:10 Long Break
11:22-12:35 Period 3 11:21-11:37 Long Break 11:10-12:17 Period 3
12:35-1:30 Lunch 11:37-12:35 Period 3 12:17-1:12 Lunch
1:30-3:00 Period 4 12:35-1:30 Lunch 1:12-2:20 Period 4
1:30-3:00 Period 4 2:20-3:00 PLC/
Homework
Club
Wise Blocks:
The overall purpose of WISE Block is to support students to achieve deeper levels of learning. This is
accomplished by giving teachers and their collaborative teams a flexible period of time to provide extra
instruction, support students to catch up on incomplete work, conduct enrichment activities related to
the curriculum, share their passions with students and support students in exploring their own passions
and interests.
Weekly Intervention Support and Enrichment (WISE) Block is NorKam's Response To Intervention
(RTI) system and was an outgrowth of our PLC process. WISE Block has been in place since October
2016.
At NorKam we recognize that it is often challenging to meet the needs of all of our students. The focus
of our collaboration time for the last several years has concentrated on how we can better meet the
diverse learning needs of our students. Each department has approached this goal in different ways.
As a school we have decided that we can make changes to our timetable to assist us in reaching this
goal. As a result, we are continuing to have WISE Block every Wednesdays. During this block,
students who require extra instruction or who have fallen behind on their work will be provided with the
time and the adult support required. Additionally, we will be offering students an opportunity to choose
from a number of activities to support and expand upon what they are doing in the classroom.
Students may choose such things as homework help, tutorials, clubs, enrichment activities, study skill
workshops, service projects, healthy activities and other opportunities.
WISE Blocks are scheduled for 10 weeks each semester and occur on Wednesday mornings.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 3 of 69
Homework Club:
Thursday’s regular school sessions end at 2:20 for Grade 10, 11 & 12’s. Students who have missed
mandatory Wise Blocks and are falling behind in their coursework may be referred to Homework Club;
this referral is made by either the classroom teacher or our administrators. Homework Club is
mandatory to attend.
Attendance:
Regular attendance is both compulsory and important; therefore we kindly ask that any medical/dental
appointments be confined to out of school hours when possible. Parents, if your son/daughter will be
absent please inform the school before 8:30 am. In addition, we ask that you provide a signed note for
teachers, explaining the reason for the absence. Excessive absences will result in administrative
intervention.
Report Cards & Grading
Formal report cards are sent to parents four times per year. Interim reports may be sent out
approximately mid-way through each reporting period at the discretion of the subject teacher.
Parent/Teacher interviews are scheduled once during each semester; however, we encourage parents
to contact the school at any time.
Alpha Mark Percentage Range Grade Point
A 86-100% 4.00
B 73-85% 3.00
C+ 67-72% 2.50
C 60-66% 2.00
C- 50-59% 1.00
F 3-49% 0.00
I 1%(In Progress) 0.00
SG Standing Granted 0.00
RM Requirement Met 0.00
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 4 of 69
The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme uses a 7 point grading scale:
IB Grade Equivalence
7 97-100%
6 93-96%
5 85-92%
4 76-84%
3 67-75%
2 50-66%
1 0-49%
This IB scale is recognized by all major universities in the world.
Course Enhancement Fees
Some elective courses have an enhancement fee associated. If you see this icon displayed
in a course description please visit http://nkss.sd73.bc.ca and check enhancement fee
schedule in the top toolbar on our homepage under Student/Student Services/Course
Selection Guide. Open the pdf Course Selection Guide and look at the last page.
Inclusive Education:
Learning Assistance Centre
The Learning Centre provides services to students on Individual Education Programs as outlined in their
Individual Education Plan (IEP). The Learning Centre also provides additional assistance to those
students who need extra time and support.
NET Program
This is an intervention program offering emotional, behavioural and academic support as needed, to
students referred by the school-based team. Students on the NET Program attend for partial days only.
Work Readiness Program
This program offers students on a modified program an opportunity to explore a variety of work settings
while continuing their education in core subjects. Curriculum of core courses has been modified to meet
the individual needs of each student.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 5 of 69NKSS
Scholarship Information
❏ NorKam Scholarships and Bursaries
NorKam Scholarships
Numerous scholarships and bursaries are available to NorKam graduating students. These awards are
based on academic standing and/or financial need. Awards are also available to students who have
excelled in practical arts, fine arts, athletics, and trades. Students are encouraged to apply for as many
awards as possible, based on the specific criteria for each award. Applications are available in the
second semester of the school year.
Applications are due on the last Friday of April. Some national scholarships and university entrance
awards are due in the first semester. Students can visit university websites and search for “financial aid”
or “entrance scholarships” for availability. Criteria varies for these awards, and students are encouraged
to use the university resources for assistance.
The NorKam Scholarship Committee members are teachers, administrators, and counselors. Awards
decisions are made by the committee in May, and announced during commencement ceremonies in
June. Workshops related to the application process, letter writing, and references will be offered during
lunch and WISE block meetings. Grade 11 students are encouraged to plan for the scholarship process
by becoming involved in school and community events, volunteer activities, and academic excellence,
prior to grade 12. Contact Ms. Reinke for more information.
Contact Ms. Reinke for more information at greinke@sd73.bc.ca
In addition, there are 3 Student Excellence awards available to one student from each grade at NKSS.
This award is presented to a graduating student who is an exemplary global citizens and who has
demonstrated outstanding inquiry, adaptability and academic achievement. In April, the NorKam Senior
Secondary staff will nominate students in each grade who exemplify the criteria of student excellence
and NorKam Senior Secondary Attributes. After nominations have been collected, students will be
informed of their nomination and will have the opportunity to apply for the award. The Scholarship
Committee will use the application and teacher nomination in determining the award recipient. Recipients
will be recognized during the Award Assembly in June.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 6 of 693 Year Course Planner
NKSS Grades 10, 11, 12
Minimum # of credits required for graduation = 80
Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Must have 8 courses Must have 8 courses Must have 8 courses
# 1: Language Arts 10: # 1: Language Arts 11: # 1: Language Arts 12:
❏ Canadian & First Peoples Select at least one of the following in Select at least one of the
Literature, Media and your gr 11 or 12 year: following:
Creative Writing 10 ❏ Creative Writing 11 ❏ English Studies 12 or
❏ Literary Studies 11 ❏ English First Peoples 12
❏ New Media 11
❏ English First Peoples 11
# 2: Social Studies # 2: Social Studies 11 or 12: # 2: Gr 12 Course
❏ Social Studies 10 Select at least one of the following in
your gr 11 or 12 year:
# 3: Science ❏ Explorations in Social Studies 11 # 3: Gr 12 Course
❏ Science 10 ❏ 20th Century World History 12
❏ BC First Peoples 12
# 4: Math ❏ Genocide Studies 12 # 4: Gr 12 Course
Select one of the following: ❏ Human Geography 12
❏ Law Studies 12 # 5: ☐ Course Choice
❏ Workplace Math 10 ❏ Physical Geography 12
or ❏ Political Studies 12
❏ Foundations and Pre- # 3: Science 11 or 12: # 6: ☐ Course Choice
Calculus 10 Select at least one of the following in
your gr 11 or 12 year:
# 5: ☐ Career Life ❏ Earth Science 11 # 7: ☐ Course Choice
Education 10 ❏ Earth Science 11 - Astronomy
❏ Chemistry 11
# 6: ☐ PE 10 ❏ Life Science 11
These choices can be any courses that
or support your post-secondary path
❏ Physics 11 and/or career goals
❏ Girls in Motion ❏ Anatomy and Physiology 12
❏ Chemistry 12
❏ Physics 12
# 7: ☐ Course Choice: # 4: Math Ensure you have taken at least
Select at least one of the following in one
your gr 11 or 12 year: ❏ Arts Education course
❏ Workplace Math 11 or
❏ Computer Science 11 ❏ (ADST) Applied Design
❏ Pre-Calculus 11 Skills Technology course
❏ Foundations of Math 11
❏ Apprenticeship Math 12
at a Grade 10, 11 or 12 level.
# 8: ☐ Course Choice ❏ Calculus 12 Interested in applying for:
❏ Computer Science 12 ❏ Teacher Assistant
❏ Foundations of Math 12 ❏ Study Block
❏ Pre-Calculus 12
# 5: ☐ Course Choice # 8: Career Education and
# 6: ☐ Course Choice Capstone and 30 Hrs. Career
# 7: ☐ Course Choice Experience.
❏ Take in Grade 12 or
❏ Course Choice:
❏ Numeracy 10 Exam # 8: Career Education and Capstone
❏ Literacy 10 Exam and 30 Hrs. Career Experience. ❏ Literacy 12 Exam
❏ Take in Grade 11 or
❏ Course Choice:
Total Credits for Gr 10 = 32 Possible Credits Gr 11 = 32 Possible Credits Gr 12 = 32
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 7 of 69NKSS 2019 - 2020
Language Arts 10, 11, 12
At a Glance - Language Arts Courses - 10/11/12
Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Language Arts 10 will include a Creative Writing 11 English Studies 12
focus of 2 themes:
First Peoples Literature, New Literary Studies 11 English First Peoples 12
Media, Creative Writing and/or New Media 11 Additional Elective Choices
Literary Studies for Language Arts
English First Peoples 11 Creative Writing 12
Literary Studies 12
Media 12
IB courses can be taken IB English Language A 11 HL IB English Language A 12 HL
individually without doing the full
IB Diploma.
Language Arts Courses - Grade 10
Grade 10 In English 10, we will study literature with a focus on developing
your written and oral expression, in addition to further building
strategies for successful comprehension and critical thinking.
Curricular competencies will be explored both individually and
collaboratively within a critical thinking framework, using a variety
of texts.
- The English 10 course will consist of 2 focus areas.
Canadian/ First This course will give students opportunities to read, write, and
think about various styles of Canadian and First People’s
People’s Literature literature such as novels, short stories, movies, and plays. The
(MEFLS10) course will require reading, writing, representing, listening, and
speaking.
Media 10 Students will use critical thinking to analyse, critique, and create
(MNMD-10) various examples of media and visual texts such as advertising,
campaigns, political cartoons, news articles, and traditional texts.
The course will require reading, writing, representing, listening,
and speaking.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 8 of 69Literary Studies Students will investigate literature by exploring different themes,
genres, and authors. Students will read novels, poetry, stories,
10 and plays, and respond through discussion and writing. The
(MLTST10) course will require reading, writing, representing, listening, and
speaking.
Creative Students will use creative thinking to develop their own writing
through various styles such as poems, stories, and descriptive
Writing 10 passages. Students will be introduced to different techniques of
(MCTWR10) writing, and be given opportunities to develop subject matter of
their choice. The course will require reading, writing,
representing, listening, and speaking.
Language Arts Courses - Grade 11
Grade 11 - In order to meet graduation requirements, please select one of
the English 11 courses below.
Creative Students will use creative thinking to develop their own writing
through various styles such as poems, stories, and descriptive
Writing 11 passages. Students will be challenged to explore many
(MCTWR11) techniques of writing, and be exposed to the techniques of
various writers. The course will require reading, writing,
representing, listening, and speaking.
Literary Students will investigate literature by exploring specific themes,
periods, authors, or areas of the world. Students will have a
Studies 11 choice of literature, allowing them to follow their interests, and will
(MLTST11) explore different types of literature including novels, poetry and
plays. The course will require reading, writing, representing,
listening, and speaking.
New Media 11 This course will give students opportunities to read, write, and
(MNMD-11) think about various forms of media such as advertising,
campaigns, political cartoons, news articles, and traditional texts.
Students will be asked to use critical thinking to analyse and
critique popular media and social media. This course will require
reading, writing, representing, listening, and speaking.
First People’s This course will give students opportunities to examine prize
winning literature written by Indigenous authors in forms such as
Literature 11 letters, stories, plays, novels, blogs, film, and podcasts. The
(MENFLS11) course will require reading, writing, representing, listening, and
speaking.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 9 of 69Language Arts Courses - Grade 12
Grade 12 - Please select one of these 2 mandatory English 12 courses.
English Studies 12 Students will investigate classic and current literature by exploring
(MENST12) different themes, genres, and authors. Students will read a variety of
text types and respond through discussion and various styles of
writing. The course will require reading, writing, representing,
listening, and speaking.
English First This course will give students opportunities to examine prize-winning
literature written by Indigenous authors in forms such as letters,
Peoples 12 stories, plays, novels, blogs, film, and podcasts. The course will
(MENFP12) require reading, writing, representing, listening, and speaking. There
is no prerequisite for this course.
Other Language Arts Electives - Available to all grade 11 and 12 students
- Note: these electives cannot be used for English 12 credit.
Creative This is an elective course. Students will use creative thinking to
develop their own writing through various styles such as poems,
Writing 12 stories, and descriptive passages. Students will be challenged to
(MCTWR12) explore many techniques of writing, and be exposed to the
techniques of various writers. The course will require reading, writing,
representing, listening, and speaking.
Literary This course is an elective course. Students will investigate literature
and the history of literature, by exploring specific themes, periods,
Studies 12 authors, or areas of the world. Students will have a choice of
(MLTST12) literature, allowing them to follow their interests, and will explore
different types of literature including novels, poetry and plays. The
course will require reading, writing, representing, listening, and
speaking.
Media 12 This is an elective course that will give students opportunities to read,
(MNMD-12) write, and think about various forms of media such as advertising,
campaigns, political cartoons, news articles, and traditional texts.
Students will be asked to use critical thinking to analyse and critique
popular media and social media. This course will require reading,
writing, representing, listening, and speaking.
IB English Grade 11/12
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 10 of 69- These courses can be taken individually without doing the full IB Diploma:
IB English Language The Language A: Literature course introduces students to the analysis of literary
texts. It is the course through which the IB’s policy of mother-tongue entitlement
A: Literature 11/12 HL is delivered. Students who achieve a score of 5 or higher can receive credit for
first year English at university. The course is organized into three areas of
exploration and seven central concepts, and focuses on the study of literary
works. Together, the three areas of exploration of the course add up to a
comprehensive exploration of literature from a variety of cultures, literary forms
and periods. Students learn to appreciate the artistry of literature, and develop
the ability to reflect critically on their reading, presenting literary analysis
(ILLS-11, ILLS- powerfully through both oral and written communication.
12)
Key features of the curriculum and assessment models
• Higher level study requires a minimum of 240 class hours
• Students study at least13 works at higher level from a representative
selection of literary forms, periods and places
• Students develop the ability to engage in close, detailed analysis of literary
works, building understanding of the techniques involved in literary
criticism
• The study of literary works in context is emphasised, and through the study
of literature in translation the student is challenged to reflect on the role of
cultural assumptions in interpretation
• Students are assessed through a combination of formal examination and
oral and written coursework.
• The formal examination comprises two essay papers, one requiring the
analysis of a passage of unseen literary text, and the other comparative
response to a question based on two works studied
• Students also perform an oral activity presenting their analysis of two works
studied
• HL students comply with an additional written coursework requirement
which consists of writing a 1200 - 1500 word essay on one of the works
studied.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 11 of 69NKSS
Mathematics Courses
These 2 streams will also prepare students
for Trades Programs (ie. Electrical, Instrumentation etc.)
Design of Pathways
Each pathway is designed to provide students with the mathematical understandings, rigor and critical
thinking skills that have been identified for specific post-secondary programs of study and/or direct entry
into the workforce. When choosing a pathway, students should consider post-secondary plans.
Goals of each Pathway.
All three pathways provide students with opportunities to consider their interests, both current and future.
Students, parents and educators are encouraged to research admission requirements for post-
secondary programs of study as they vary for each institution and may change from year to year.
The Pathways Explained
Workplace Mathematics
This pathway is designed to provide students with the mathematical understandings and critical thinking
skills identified for entry into some post-secondary trades and technical schools and for direct entry into
the workforce. Topics include algebra, geometry, measurement, number, statistics and probability.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 12 of 69Foundations of Mathematics
This pathway is designed to provide students with the mathematical understandings and critical-thinking
skills identified for post-secondary studies in programs that do not require the study of theoretical
calculus.
Topics include financial mathematics, geometry, measurement, number, logical reasoning, relations and
functions, statistics and probability.
Pre-Calculus
This pathway is designed to provide students with the mathematical understandings and critical-thinking
skills identified for entry into post-secondary programs that require the study of theoretical calculus.
Topics include algebra and number, measurement, relations and functions, trigonometry and
permutations, combinations and binomial theorem.
Apprenticeship Mathematics
This pathway is designed to provide students with workplace, trades and transitions programs, and to
prepare students for the Accuplacer.
Sample Future Plans Most Relevant Coursework
Future plan includes limited Trades Schools, limited Workplace Math 10 & 11
Technical Colleges, and for direct entry into the and Apprenticeship Math 12
workforce.
Math, Science, Engineering, Medicine, Commerce or Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus
Business. 10
Future plan includes limited Trades Schools, limited Followed by
Technical Colleges, and for direct entry into the Pre-Calculus 11 and 12
workforce and Calculus 12
Social Sciences, Humanities, Fine Arts or Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus
some trade programs(ie Electrical, & Instrumentation) 10
Future plan includes limited Trades Schools, limited Followed by
Technical Colleges, and for direct entry into the Foundations of Math 11 and 12
workforce
Students and parents are encouraged to research the admission requirements for post-secondary
programs of study as they vary by institution and by year.
For help visit the Education Planner Website: http://www.educationplanner.ca
At a Glance - Mathematics Courses - 10/11/12
Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Workplace Math 10 Workplace Math 11 Apprenticeship Math 12
Foundations & Pre-Calculus Foundations of Math 11 Foundations of Math 12
Math 10
Pre-Calculus Math 11 Pre-Calculus Math 12
Calculus 12
IB courses can be taken IB Mathematics SL 11 IB Mathematics SL 12
individually without doing the full
IB Diploma.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 13 of 69NKSS
Mathematics Courses
Mathematics - Grade 10
- To meet graduation requirements, please select at least one of these Math 10 courses
below.
- Be sure to check the Math Path diagram to ensure you are selecting the Math course
that supports your post secondary and workplace goals.
Workplace Math 10 (MWPM- This course is designed to provide students with the
10) mathematical understandings and critical-thinking skills
Recommended: Math 9 identified for preparation into some of the trades and for
direct entry into the workforce. Topics covered are: Metric &
Imperial System; Surface area and volume; Primary
trigonometry; Probability and statistics and financial literacy.
Foundation & Pre-Calculus This course is designed to provide students with the
mathematical understandings and critical-thinking skills
Math 10 identified for postsecondary studies in programs that may
(MFMP-10) require the study of theoretical calculus. Big ideas include;
Recommended: Math 9 & Teacher proportional comparison; linear relations; analyzing data;
Recommendation operations and polynomial expressions. Topics covered are:
powers; factorization; linear functions and relations;
arithmetic sequence; systems; polynomials; primary
trigonometric ratios and financial literacy.
Mathematics - Grade 11
- To meet graduation requirements, please select at least one of these
Math 11 or 12 courses listed below.
- Be sure to check the Math Path diagram to ensure you are selecting the Math course that supports your
post secondary and workplace goals.
- Additional Math courses can also be taken as electives courses.
Foundation This course is designed to provide students with the Mathematical
understandings and critical thinking skills identified for post-secondary
of Math 11 studies in programs that do not require calculus. This may include the
(MFOM-11) Humanities, Fine Arts, some trades and technical programs. Topics
include geometry, statistics, quadratic functions and equations,
trigonometry, systems of inequalities, and logical reasoning and
financial literacy. Verification with your counsellor is recommended to
determine post -secondary general acceptance.
Students should have successfully completed Foundations of Math and
Pre-Calculus 10 before taking Foundations of Math 11.
Pre-Calculus 11 This course is designed to provide students with the Mathematical
understandings and critical thinking skills identified for entry into post-
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 14 of 69(MPREC11) secondary programs that require the study of calculus. The course
topics include Absolute Value, Radical and Rational Functions and
Equations, Quadratic Functions and Equations, Linear and Quadratic
Inequalities, Factoring, Exponential Functions, Trigonometry, and
Financial Literacy.
This course should meet the requirements of general acceptance for
most British Columbia universities. Some faculties require Pre-Calculus
12 and/or Calculus 12.
This course is designed to provide students with the Mathematical
understandings and critical thinking skills identified for entry into the
majority of trades and for entry into the workforce. The course will
include topics in basic skills, percent, statistics, basic algebra, slopes
Workplace and rates, graphs, and financial literacy.
Mathematics 11
Students should have completed a grade 10 level mathematics course
(MWPM-11)
before taking Workplace Math 11.
Mathematics - Grade 12
- To meet graduation requirements, select at least one of these Math 11 or 12 courses
in either grade 11 or grade 12.
- Be sure to check the Math Path diagram to ensure you are selecting the Math course
that supports your post secondary and workplace goals.
- Additional Math courses can also be taken as electives courses.
This is a course for students who intend to enter a trade or technical
program, in which there is a mathematical component to the entrance
exam. Students will cover mathematical topics which are essential
skills to be used on a regular basis in a trade or technical field.
Apprenticeship Students should have had discussions with their counselor or the
Math 12 (MAPPR12) trades and technologies coordinator before choosing this course.
Calculus 12 This is a course for students who intend to study mathematics,
(MMCALC12) sciences, business, or engineering at university. The topics include
differential and integral calculus, with a focus on application of these
mathematical techniques in order to solve various types of problems
spanning several disciplines.
Foundation This course is designed to provide the students with the mathematical
understandings and critical-thinking skills identified for post-secondary
of Math 12 studies in programs that do NOT require the study of calculus. Topics
(MFOM-12) include financial mathematics, logic and set theory, probability,
combinatorics, relations and functions, exponential and logarithm
functions and polynomial functions, and trigonometry.
Pre - This course is designed to provide students with the mathematical
understandings and critical-thinking skills identified for entry into post-
Calculus secondary programs that require the study of calculus. Topics include
12 transformations, composite functions, polynomials, radical and rational
(MPREC12) functions and equations, sequences and series, conics, exponential
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 15 of 69and logarithmic functions and equations, trigonometry and financial
literacy.
IB Mathematics- Grade 11/12
- These courses can be taken individually without doing the full IB Diploma:
IB Mathematics SL Recommended: A grade of B or higher in Foundations and Pre-
Calculus 10.
11/12 This course caters for students who already possess knowledge of
(IMM--11, IMM--12) basic mathematical concepts, and who are equipped with the skills
needed to apply simple mathematical techniques correctly.
The majority of these students will expect to need a sound
mathematical background as they prepare for future studies in subjects
such as sciences, economics, psychology and business administration.
Others may take this subject because they have a strong interest in
mathematics and enjoy meeting its challenges and engaging with its
problems without doing the full IB Diploma.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 16 of 69NKSS
Science Courses 10, 11, 12
At a Glance - Science Courses 10, 11, 12
Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Science 10 Chemistry 11 Anatomy and Physiology 12
Earth Science 11 Chemistry 12
Earth Science 11 - Astronomy Focus Physics 12
Life Science 11
Physics 11
IB courses can be IB Biology Higher Level 11 IB BIology Higher Level 12
taken individually
without doing the full IB Chemistry Standard Level 11 IB Chemistry Standard Level 12
IB Diploma.
IB Physics Higher Level 11 IB Physics Higher Level 12
Recommended: a
grade of B or better in
IB Sports, Exercise & Health Science IB Sports, Exercise & Health
Science 10.
Standard Level 11 Science Standard Level 12
Science - Grade 10
- All Grade 10 students must take Science 10
Students in all NorKam science courses will demonstrate the attributes of inquiry, global citizenship
and adaptability as they develop the following curricular competencies:
● Inquiry and predicting
● Planning and conducting
● Processing and analyzing data
● Evaluating
● Applying, adapting and innovating
● Communicating
Science 10 (MSC--10) Students will investigate four big ideas: diversity of living things,
chemical processes, energy transformations, and formation of the
universe. Students will develop authentic science skills and solve
real world problems through designing and carrying out
experiments and projects.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 17 of 69Science - Grade 11
- You must select at least one of these Science 11 or 12 courses below:
Note: Additional Science classes can be taken as elective course choices.
Students in all NorKam science courses will demonstrate the attributes of inquiry, global citizenship and
adaptability as they develop the following curricular competencies:
● Inquiry and predicting
● Planning and conducting
● Processing and analyzing data
● Evaluating
● Applying, adapting and innovating
● Communicating
Chemistry 11 Students will continue to develop their science skills including designing and
(MCH--11) conducting experiments, finding relationships and patterns in data and
drawing conclusions. Topics covered include atomic theory, chemical
reactions, quantitative analysis (amounts of chemicals) and bonding theory.
A strong background in numeracy is recommended.
Earth Science 11 Students who need a Science 11 credit to graduate are invited to consider
(MESC-11) Earth Science 11. This course would be of interest for students considering
a career in Geology or Mining. The big ideas covered include Earth
Materials as resources, Plate Tectonic Theory, Atmosphere and Weather,
the influence of water on weather and climate, and Earth and our Solar
System. Not a recommended course for students entering a science related
post-secondary program unless interest is present.
Earth Science 11 Students need a Science 11 credit to graduate. If you are interested in
- Astronomy Astronomy, you are invited to consider this course. This course will cover all
of the Big Ideas in the Earth Science 11 curriculum such as Earth Materials
Focus (MESC-
as resources, Plate Tectonic Theory, Atmosphere and Weather, the
11AST)
influence of water on weather and climate, and Earth and our Solar System;
however, there will be a special emphasis on studying these topics in the
context of comparing our planet and solar system with others in our galaxy.
Life Science 11 Students will investigate the living world
(MLFSC11) ● The cell
● Classification of life
● The evolutionary history of different life forms
● In depth investigation of the main animal groups with several dissections
of creatures
● Plants and their many groups and major structures
● Ecology: the study of living systems.
Major labs will be performed.
Physics 11 Students will investigate four big ideas:
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 18 of 69(MPH--11) ● An object’s motion can be predicted, analyzed, and described.
● Forces influence the motion of an object.
● Energy is found in different forms, is conserved, and has the ability to do
work.
● Mechanical waves transfer energy but not matter.
Students will develop authentic physics skills and solve real world problems
through designing and carrying out experiments and projects. A strong
background in numeracy is recommended.
Science - Grade 12
- Please select at least one of these Science 11 or 12 courses below:
Students in all NorKam science courses will demonstrate the attributes of inquiry, global citizenship and
adaptability as they develop the following curricular competencies:
● Inquiry and predicting
● Planning and conducting
● Processing and analyzing data
● Evaluating
● Applying, adapting and innovating
● Communicating
Anatomy and Physiology Exploration of the major organ systems of the human body.
12 (MATPH12) Including
● Circulatory system and the heart
● Digestive system
● Urinary system
● Nervous system
● Respiratory system
Through the inquiry process the major organ systems of the
human body will be explored.
Chemistry 12 (MCH--12) Students will work continue to develop their science skills
including designing and conducting experiments, finding
relationships and patterns in data and drawing conclusions.
Topics covered include dynamic equilibrium, rates of reactions,
acid base chemistry, electrochemistry and solubility. A strong
background in numeracy and Chemistry 11 (with a C+ or better) is
recommended.
Physics 12 (MPH--12) Students will investigate four big ideas:
● Measurement of motion depends on our frame of
reference.
● Forces can cause linear and circular motion.
● Forces and energy interactions occur within fields.
● Momentum is conserved within a closed and isolated
system.
Students will develop authentic physics skills and solve real world
problems through designing and carrying out experiments and
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 19 of 69projects. A strong background in numeracy and Physics 11 is
recommended.
IB Science - Grade 11 & 12
- These courses can be taken individually without doing the full IB Diploma:
Recommended: a grade of B or better in Science 10
IB Chemistry Standard Fundamental chemical principles are the basis for the physical,
chemical, and environmental systems in which we live. The study of
Level 11/12
(IGCH-11, IGCH-12) chemistry provides a platform from which interrelationships between
various disciplines in science may be more thoroughly understood.
While Chemistry is a subject worthy of study in its own right, it is also
a requirement as a preparation for employment or as a prerequisite
for many other courses in higher education. Courses such as those in
health sciences, medicine, microbiology, and biological and
environmental sciences require a comprehensive background in
Chemistry.
Chemistry is an experimental science, which combines academic
study with the acquisition and development of practical and
investigational skills. You will learn about the smallest forms of matter
- atoms - up to molecules & how molecules form and interact with
each other. Students enjoy multiple opportunities for scientific study
and creative inquiry.. Fee: www.nkss.bc.ca
IB Sports, Exercise and This course incorporates the traditional disciplines of anatomy and
physiology, biomechanics, psychology and nutrition, which are studied in
Health Science Standard the context of sport, exercise and health. Students will cover a range of
Level 11/12 core and option topics and carry out practical (experimental)
(?) investigations in both laboratory and field settings. This will provide an
opportunity to acquire the knowledge and understanding necessary to
apply scientific principles and critically analyze human performance.
Where relevant, the course will address issues of international dimension
and ethics by considering sport, exercise and health relative to the
individual and in a global context. Fee: www.nkss.bc.ca
IB Biology Higher Level The IB Diploma Programme biology higher level course covers the
relationship of structure and function at all levels of complexity.
11/12
(IBIH-11, IBIH-2A) Students learn about cell theory, the chemistry of living things, plant
science and genetics, among many other topics to further their
understanding of and learning about biology. Throughout this
challenging course, students become aware of how scientists work
and communicate with each other. Further, students enjoy multiple
opportunities for scientific study and creative inquiry within a global
context. May allow the student to earn university credit. Fee:
www.nkss.bc.ca
IB Physics Higher Level The IB Diploma Programme physics higher level course exposes
students to this most fundamental experimental science, which seeks
11/12
to explain the universe itself—from the very smallest particles to the
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 20 of 69(IPHH-11,IPHH-2A) vast distances between galaxies. Students develop traditional
practical skills and techniques and increase facility in the use of
mathematics, the language of physics. They also develop
interpersonal skills as well as information and communication
technology skills, which are essential in modern scientific
endeavours—and are important life-enhancing, transferable skills in
their own right. Students, moreover, study the impact of physics on
society, the moral and ethical dilemmas, and the social, economic
and environmental implications of the work of physicists. Throughout
this challenging course, students become aware of how scientists
work and communicate with each other. Further, students enjoy
multiple opportunities for scientific study and creative inquiry within a
global context. May allow the student to earn university credit. Fee:
www.nkss.bc.ca
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 21 of 69NKSS
Social Studies 10, 11, 12
At a Glance - Social Studies Courses 10, 11, 12
Grade 10 Grade 11 or 12
Social Studies 10 Exploration in Social Studies 11
20th Century World History 12
BC First Peoples 12
Human Geography 12
Law Studies 12
Political Studies 12
Genocide Studies 12
Physical Geography 12
IB courses can be taken individually IB DP Geography HL 11
without doing the full IB Diploma.
IB DP History HL
Recommended: a grade of B or better
in Social Studies 10.
Social Studies - Grade 10
- All grade 10 students must take this course.
Grade 10 Social Studies 10 provides students with opportunities to examine a
Social Studies 10 wide variety of Canadian and global issues, such as government
structures, Canadian history and social injustices. Canadian history will
be studied to help students understand how the nation has reached its
(MSS--10)
present level of development. Students will become familiar with the
rights, responsibilities, and practices of active Canadian citizenship;
explore Canada’s role in the conflicts of the 20th century and its
contribution to global stability; develop an understanding of social
justice issues and explore important issues related to Canada’s
evolving identity.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 22 of 69Social Studies - open to Grade 11 and 12 students
Grade 11 & 12 - In grade 11, please select at least one of these Social Studies
Social Studies courses listed below in order to meet Graduation requirements:
Course Choices - Note: any of these courses can be taken as a grade 11 credit
and as an electives once you have met your graduation
requirement.
- Social Studies 10 is the prerequisite to all of the courses listed
below.
Explorations in Social Studies 11 is a flexible curriculum in which
students and their teacher collaborate to create a program of study that
is based on a selection of “big ideas” that are made available to the
students, as well as the students’ interests. The“big ideas” that will be
made available will delve into issues related to industrialization, cultural
expressions, physical geography, political decision-making,
Explorations in communication technology, indigenous peoples, religion, economics,
Social Studies 11 law, philosophy, social justice and urban geography.
(MEPSS11)
20th This course seeks to place our world in context. While learning the
historical process of research and analysis, we seek to explore the
Century turmoil, tragedy and triumph of the 20th Century. Big ideas include
World nationalist movements that unite people or lead to intense conflict,
History 12 rapid development of technology that led to profound social, economic
and political changes, and the breakdown of longstanding empires
Note: This course can be which created new economic and political systems. We explore the rise
and rule of authoritarian regimes, civil wars, independence movements,
taken as a Gr11 Social and revolutions, as well as global conflicts, including WWII, and the
Studies Credit. Cold War. Some themes emerge from this era including differences
between capitalism vs. communism, and democracy vs. dictatorships.
(MWH--12)
BC First This course will provide students with learning opportunities to gain
Peoples 12 understanding of Indigenous peoples in British Columbia. Students will
come to understand and appreciate the historical relationship and
Note: This course stewardship BC First peoples have had with the land, how contact and
can be taken as a colonialism have impacted and continue to impact BC First peoples,
Gr11 Social how cultural expressions show the diversity and resilience of BC First
Studies Credit. peoples and how governance and self-determination continue to be a
challenge in contemporary Canada. A variety of teaching methods will
(MBCFP12) be employed and both historical and contemporary issues will be
discussed.
Human Human Geography is a dynamic subject that is grounded in the “real
Geography world” and focuses on the interactions between individuals, societies
and their responses to events that occur in time and space. Human
12
Geography strives to identify trends or patterns in these interactions.
(MHGEO12)
Note: This course can be The course also examines how individuals and societies adapt to or
taken as a Gr11 Social respond to various changes, and evaluates how effective various
Studies Credit. management strategies have been.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 23 of 69Law Planning to get married? Witness to a crime? Called for jury duty?
Studies Landlord-tenancy problem? Having trouble with a neighbour? Want to
see a trial in action? Law is an essential part of Canada’s cultures;
12
without it, we could not function effectively in our daily lives. This
personal law course provides an opportunity to develop a broad
knowledge and understanding of Law. Topics include: how laws are
Note: This course can be
taken as a Gr11 Social made, how the courts work, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms,
Studies Credit. criminal law, family law, contract law, tort law and the Youth Criminal
Justice Act. As well, we will discuss issues such as capital punishment,
(MLST-12) parole, and women in the law. The course offers a variety of activities
including case studies, simulations, debates, guest speakers and field
trips.
Political How can citizens make a difference in Kamloops? In B.C.? In Canada
Studies 12 or the World? How can teenagers make a difference? Students who
choose to take Political Studies will learn how political action occurs
locally and around the world. They will examine contemporary and
Note: This historical examples of political power and explore how ideologies,
course can be taken as a systems of government, political institutions, culture, and other factors
Gr11 Social Studies lead to a huge range of political, economic, and social outcomes.
Credit. Ultimately, students will become informed and engaged citizens will
empower themselves, and will learn how to influence change in their
(MPLSET12) own community. Many political views will be discussed together and
explored individually, including a broad range of Indigenous, local,
regional, national, and global perspectives and forms of government.
Genocide What is genocide and how does it happen? What social, economic,
Studies 12 cultural, and political conditions must exist for a group of human beings
to attempt to exterminate another? These questions and others will be
examined as students are given the opportunity to investigate
Note: This genocides throughout the 20th and 21st Centuries. To make sense of
course can be taken as a this topic, it is necessary for students to do more than survey various
Gr11 Social Studies events, rather it is necessary to delve into the underlying conditions
Credit. that set the stage for mass murder and determine what could have
been done to change the outcome - and what could be done to prevent
(MGENO12) it from happening again? Students will gain a better awareness of how
“genocide” is defined and will investigate genocides such as Cambodia,
Rwanda, Darfur, Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Holocaust and others.
Throughout the course, students will also explore how the global
community has responded to or attempted to prevent such genocides,
and determine how effective those efforts were.
Physical Want to understand how the world works and how human activities
Geography have changed our planet? Want to be part of solving world problems?
How much responsibility do you feel towards our planet’s environment?
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 24 of 6912 Intend to travel and want to learn about different locations? This course
is all about helping you to gain a greater understanding of our planet
Note: This and the challenges that we have in living on Earth. Through exploring
course can be topics in physical geography such as weather, climate, tectonics,
taken as a Gr11 Social natural disasters, natural resources used and global citizenship,
Studies Credit. students will examine environmental issues like climate change,
protection of ecosystems, and resource management.
(MPGEO12)
IB Social Studies
- These courses can be taken individually without doing the full IB Diploma:
IB DP Geography HL Recommended: Social Studies 10 with a final mark of 75% or higher.
(IGGH-11,IGGH-2A) This course can be taken individually without doing the full IB Diploma.
Geography is a dynamic subject that is firmly grounded in the real world
and focuses on the interactions between individuals, societies and the
physical environment in both time and space. It seeks to identify trends
and patterns in these interactions and examines the processes behind
them. Geography is distinctive in that it occupies the middle ground
between social sciences and natural sciences. The DP geography course
integrates both physical and human geography and ensures that students
acquire elements of both scientific and socio-economic methodologies.
Geography takes advantage of its position between both these groups of
subjects to examine relevant concepts and ideas from a wide variety of
disciplines. This helps students develop an appreciation of, and a respect
for, alternative approaches, viewpoints and ideas.
IB DP History HL This course can be taken individually without doing the full IB Diploma.
(IHIH-11, IHIH-2A) IB History of the Americas is a two year history of Canada, the
Caribbean, Latin America and the United States. The course provides
students with a dual perspective: an in-depth chronological study of our
region, and a broad comparative analysis of many countries’ responses
to the forces and personalities that shaped the 20th Century. As
students embark upon their study of History of the Americas, they will
ideally be able to develop the following skills:
1. The acquisition and understanding of historical knowledge in breadth and in
depth, and across different cultures.
2. The understanding of history as a discipline, including the nature and
diversity of its sources, methods and interpretations.
3. International understanding by promoting empathy with, and respect for,
people living in different places and at different times.
4. A better understanding of the present through an understanding of the past.
5. A lasting interest in history that will help shape future behaviours and
decisions.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 25 of 69NKSS
Careers Education
Careers Education Courses
In grade 10 - 12, students further refine personal career-life development goals through experiential
learning, cultivating community connections, gathering authentic evidence of learning, and reflecting on
competency development. They explore post-graduation possibilities in diverse educational, work, and
personal life contexts and build the personal career-life management skills needed to effectively pursue
who and how they want to be in the world. Career-Life Education (CLE) and Career-Life Connections
(CLC) are part of the graduation requirements, and Career-Life Connections includes a career-life
exploration component and a capstone.
- In order to meet graduation requirements, students must
successfully complete both Career Education Courses::
Careers Education - Grade 10
Career-Life Career Education now joins the traditional subject areas as a core
requirement for graduation. Career Life Education 10 provides
Education 10 four credits of the required eight credits towards graduation. This
(MCLE-10) course asks students “Where do you want to go?” and provides
them with the resources and time to discover and explore their
goals as part of their career education graduation program.
Students engage in studies of self-awareness designed to
uncover interests and passions so they may link them to potential
career paths. Students will identify and build the skills necessary
for success in the 21st century while considering local and global
labour market trends. Students will also learn aspects of
budgeting and personal finance management to allow them to
successfully manage their money after secondary school. Career
Life Education should not be seen as a single stand-alone course,
but as part of a graduation career education program. This
program approach allows students in CLE to start working on the
career experience hours and capstone project components of the
CLC 12 course.
Career Education - Grade 11 or 12
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 26 of 69Career-Life- Career Life Connections can be taken in grade 11 or 12, and
Connections allows students to examine the cycles of career life
(MCLC-12) development and planning, and the local and global trends
that may influence those decisions. Students will complete
and present a Capstone project that encompasses a
reflection on their development of Core Competencies in
grade 10 through 12, the importance of personal networks
and mentorship and establishes a plan for life after high
school. This course is required for graduation.
During this course students need to complete:
❏ A Capstone Project
❏ 30 hours of Career Experience
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 27 of 69NKSS
Modern Languages 10, 11, 12
At a Glance - Modern Languages Courses 10, 11, 12
Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
French 10 French 11 French 12
Introductory Japanese 11 Japanese 11 Japanese 12
Introductory Secwepemctsin Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 11
(Shuswap) 11
Introductory Spanish 11 Spanish 11 Spanish 12
American Sign Language 10
IB courses can be taken IB Spanish Ab Initio SL 11 IB Spanish Ab Initio SL 12
individually without doing the full IB
Diploma. IB French B (SL) 11 IB French B (SL) 12
Recommended: a grade of B or
better in Science 10.
French - Grades 10, 11, 12
French 10 In this course students will learn how to speak, read and write in
order to be a better communicator in French. Students will learn
(MFR--10) to narrate stories, express likes, hopes and fears, and be able to
participate in short simple conversations.
French 11 French 11 is a more advanced and increasingly complex
language environment where students will be expected to work
(MFR--11) towards speaking, reading and writing independently. Students
will learn to use multiple tenses with increasing confidence.
Cultural awareness and understanding the francophone and
Métis cultures are an integral component to this course.
French 12 This academic elective is ideal for students working with the
public or planning to study humanities such as education, law,
(MFR--12) business or journalism. Typically a smaller classroom
environment, the goal of this course will be to become a
confident, independent speaker. Being able to express desires,
discuss global issues and participate in a variety of speaking,
reading and writing contexts are necessary steps towards
developing a basic fluency.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 28 of 69IB Languages Grade 11/12
- These courses can be taken individually without doing the full IB Diploma:
IB French B (SL) 11/12 Recommended: French 10 with a 75% or higher. If possible:
Completion of French 11, immersion or the Explore program
experience would be an asset.
This course is an advanced second language course which
assumes prior knowledge of French. Many of the IB curriculum
themes synthesize what IB students are learning in other IB
(IFRS-11,IFRS-2A) courses with the medium of communication being French. For
example, when learning about Fair Trade in Geography, students
will also be discussing its merits and challenges in French. All of
the language competencies (speaking, listening, reading and
writing) will be required to fully participate in this course.
Fee: www.nkss.bc.ca
Japanese - Grade 10,11, 12
Introductory This is an introductory course to the language and culture of
Japan. Listening and speaking skills will be emphasized and
Japanese 11 writing will be taught through the use of the Romanized Alphabet
(MBJA-11) and Japanese script. This course is for students who wish to
begin the study of the language at the grade 10, 11, or 12 level.
Japanese 11 Recommended: Intro Japanese 11 with a final mark of 67% or
(MJA--11) higher.
This is the second course in the Japanese language sequence.
Vocabulary and language patterns will be increased and writing
will use Japanese scripts. Aspects of Japanese culture will also
be studied.
Japanese 12 Recommended: Japanese 11 with a final mark of 67% or higher.
(MJA--12)
This is the third course in the Japanese language sequence. This
course will continue with more advanced vocabulary, language
patterns, Japanese script and culture.
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) Language - Grade 10 & 11
Introductory This is a new language course for those who are interested in
learning the Shuswap language. The course is open to all
Secwepemctsin 11 students. It will introduce students to the vocabulary, grammar
(MISWP11) and sounds of the traditional Secwepemc language as well as the
culture.
Secwepemctsin 11 Grade 11 and 12 students will have the opportunity to take the
(MSWP-11) grade 11 Secwepemc Language course. This course meets the
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 29 of 69language requirement for university entrance. Students will build
on their vocabulary, reading and conversational skills, as well as
learn the basics of writing the Secwepemc language. Students
will also continue to learn about Secwepemc culture, history, and
traditions.
The recommendation for this course is grade 8 Secwepemc,
grade 9/10 Secwepemc, or the ability to meet the proficiency
levels of the grade 8 or 9/10 courses by means of the challenge
process.
Spanish - Grade 11 & 12
Introductory Recommended: Final mark of 67% or higher in English 10
Introductory Spanish 11 an academic elective that focuses on all
Spanish 11 four language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing.
(MISWP11) Evaluation will incorporate all four skills. This course is for students
who wish to begin the study of the language at grade 10, 11 or 12.
It is an introduction to the Spanish speaking world and its language
and customs. Students will learn to communicate in Spanish in short
simple sentences and ask and answer simple questions at a 1.1
level of competence.
Spanish 11 This is a language acquisition course that focuses on all four
(MSP--11) language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Evaluation
will incorporate all four skills. Students will learn language and
cultural aspects of different Spanish speaking countries.
Spanish 12 Recommended: Spanish 11 with a final mark of 67% or higher.
This is a continuation of Spanish 11 and is a further expansion of
(MSP--12)
listening, speaking, reading and writing and a mastery of skills studied
in prior levels. The emphasis will be on developing confidence and
mastery of a variety of tenses and themes. At the end of Spanish 12, a
student can be expected to reach an A1.2 – 2.1 language level.
Students will be expected to handle a variety of target-language
(Spanish only) text types such as a short novel, articles, films and
songs.
There is a final exam (written and oral components) in this course.
IB Languages Grade 11/12
- These courses can be taken individually without doing the full IB Diploma:
IB Spanish AB Initio We live in an increasingly digitized, interdependent global village.
NorKam Course Selection Booklet - 2020-2021 - Page 30 of 69You can also read
