Observing the distant solar system with Subaru and the New Horizons spacecraft - JJ Kavelaars - for the New Horizons science team
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Observing the distant solar system with Subaru and the New Horizons spacecraft JJ Kavelaars - for the New Horizons science team
THE KUIPER BELT AND PLANET FORMATION Constraints from orbits and surface properties NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 2
Bannister et al. 2018
1142 TNO orbits from the CFHT surveys (CFEPS, HiLat, OSSOS)
Orbital Distribution of the Kuiper belt
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 3
Bannister et al. 2018
1142 TNO orbits from the CFHT surveys (CFEPS, HiLat, OSSOS)
Orbital Distribution of the Kuiper belt
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 4
TNOs orbits probe epoch of planet formation in the Outer Solar System Blue Binaries (Fraser et al., 2018) 5
Manset et al. 2019 Bimodality of the colour distribution exhibited by 229 KBOs in the Colours for OSSOS project.
No red TNOs in the high-inclination
populations.
Inclination is a strong signature of
scattering.
Appears that the red-objects come from
a region of the solar system that did not
experience strong dynamical stirring.
See talk by Pike tomorrow
Manset et al. 2019
Colour and Inclination are correlated
among the TNOs
Subaru and New Horizons – probing the TNOs NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 8
Launch : 19 January 2006 14th Anniversary
9
New Horizons Instruments
LORRI: High-Resolution Panchromatic Imager:
Geology, Navigation, Searches for
Moons and Rings
Ralph: Color Imager and Infrared Composition
Mapper
Alice: Ultraviolet Spectral Imager:
Atmospheric Searches
REX: Radio Science Experiment: Surface
Temperature and Radar Reflectivity
SWAP: Low-Energy Charged Particle Detector:
Solar Wind Interaction
PEPSSI: High-Energy Charged Particle
Detector: Search for Emitted Ions
SDC: Dust Impact Detector
1011
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 12
MOVING INTO THE KUIPER BELT Searching for a close encounter target NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 13
The Kuiper belt in 1999 – planning an encounter NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 14
2012 Search from Subaru NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 15
2013 Search from Subaru NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 16
2014 Search from Subaru NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 17
About 130 m/sec available onboard for KBO
targeting
The closest KBO found from the ground would
required 220 m/sec ΔV to reach
Delta-V statistics suggest we are ~75% complete
to R~25.6
Required ΔVs for discovered objects (blue
histograms)
Prediction from models and based on achieved
depths (red curve).
Might have got there by now if small-number
statistics had been kinder…
How Close were we in 2013?
18Search with HST-ACS 160 orbits – 83 Fields – r < 27.5 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 19
CLOSE ENCOUNTER WITH ATTOKOTH First ever resolved imaging of a TNO NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 20
Approach imaging NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 21
22 n et al., 2019
23
IR spectrum of integrated spectrum of 2014 MU69
Ultim
a
December 31, 2018 Thul
eNEW HORIZONS A SPACE CRUISING OBSERVATORY TNOs found during the encounter target search NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 24
Journey to the Solar System’s Frontier
25New Horizons– a space cruising observatory NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 26
From Lumme and Bowel (1981) Shadow hiding at low phase and surface roughness at moderate phase angles NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 27
tant Kuiper Belt Objects (DKBO) Observ
Hot Classical (516977) 2012 HZ84
0.9 AU 0.6 AU 0.5 AU
a = 29° a = 47° a = 74°
Anne Verbiscer
Susan Benecchi,
Example ofJ.Distant
J. Kavelaars,
TNOHarold Weaver, John
discovered Spencer, Marc
by Subaru
ne Olkin, Joel Parker, Alan Stern, Leslie Young, Kelsi Singer, and the
and observed by New Horizons
Science Team at large phase
cience Team
NATIONAL Meeting
RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA Orlando, Florida 30Verbiscer et al, 2019
All phase coefficients (slopes)
2012 HZ84 shallow phase slope
between
2011 HK103 shallow phase slope
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 31Verbiscer et al, 2019
All phase coefficients (slopes)
2011 HJ103 shallow phase slope.
between
2011 JY31 steeper phase slope
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 32HC
Verbiscer et al, 2019
Phase variation at low phase angle – small
sample with variation
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 33NEW HORIZONS OPPORTUNITY FOR PARTNERSHIP Continuing into the future. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 34
All systems functional: Power from RTG good. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 35
23 October 2019 All Systems Nominal – Green is Go!
Legend Modes and States
POWER
Checked Out OK COMMAND & DATA HANDLING
3A-E
Not Checked Out SRU Power
3A-N
Capacitor Bank
Checked Out With Issue Shunt Regulator INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS MODULE #1 Switching
Checkout Not Planned RTG Commands 3A-T AS-EA
(33mF)
DC/DC Converter, IEM Digital DC/DC Converter, Uplink/Downlink
Majority
AS-N
Control
& TLM
Drivers
Voter
(15)
AS-T
(3)
C&DH (PCI Backplane) AS-SA
Uplink Rx CCD
External PS-N
C&DH Processor
G&C Processor
PROPULSION 1PPS
Shunts
Downlink Tx
PS-T
REX, Reg. Range
Cross
Instrument
Internal PS-H
Interface
Fill/Vent Strap #1
Shunts Obs. Power Bus (30V +/- 1V)
SSR
GHe
Mil Std 1553 Bus
TLM
N2H4 RF COMMUNICATIONS
Diplexer
Switch
Pressure P Fill/Drain
PDU Network
Transducer
Filter HGA
1PPS
BPA
BPA
LNA
I2C
Cross
RS-422
RS-422
Cat. Bed Temp Orifice
RS-422
RS-422
RS-422
Strap #2
Command
Sensors
CMD/TLM
LVDS
LVDS
LVDS
Current Limit
Auxiliary
Decoder
Still EPC
Switching
(8 Slices)
On All
LVS
1553
P
Power
working
INSTRUMENTS
REAs USO TWTA
RIO
Latch MGA
PEPSSI
RALPH
(7)
LORRI
ALICE
SWAP
T
SDC
Valves
Hybrid
TWTA
A1 B1 USO
Auxiliary RIO EPC Aft
A2 B2 PDB (7)
Interfaces LGA
A3 B3 (2) GUIDANCE
& CONTROL 1PPS
BPA
BPA
Fwd
I2C
Cross LNA
Thruster Valve Drive, Cat. Bed Heaters
0.8 N ACS Strap #1 LGA
Fine Sun
Thrusters Star
Sensors
Tracker
REX, Reg. Range
C1 D1
C&DH Processor
G&C Processor
C2 D2
Instrument
Star
Downlink Tx
Interface
CCD Uplink Rx
C3 D3 Sun Pulse Tracker
SSR
Sensors STRUCTURE
IMU 1PPS HARNESS
Component Cross
Power Strap #2
4.4 N V FLIGHT SOFTWARE
Thrusters THERMAL IMU C&DH (PCI Backplane) C&DH 4.2
CONTROL Power
C4 D4 F1 F2 DC/DC Converter, IEM Digital DC/DC Converter, Uplink/Downlink G&C 4.1
Switching
Internal Boot 3.8
Commands
Heaters INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS MODULE #2 Autonomy 16
All System Go
National Research Council of Canada 36Sufficient resources for another flyby, if a target is identified.
Propellant & Thruster Cycle Margin
Propellant Margin 9/30/2019 Thruster Cycles Margin 9/30/2019
Propellant
Thruster Cycles
(kg)
End of KEM Thruster Cycle Limit = (Qual Limit on
Usable propellant loaded at launch (Note 1) 75.59
D1/D3 + Qual Limit on B1/B3)
818,000
Thruster cycles used as of 9/30/2019 = (Max of
Propellant used as of 9/30/2019 62.79
D1/D3+B1/B3 and 2*An/Cn) (Note 2)
617,276
Usable propellant remaining as of 9/30/2019 = (75.59- Thruster cycles remaining as of 9/30/2019 =
62.79) ± 0.8 kg (Notes 1,2)
12.80
(818000-617276)
200,724
Thruster cycles budgeted for use after 9/30/2019
Propellant budgeted for use after 9/30/2019 (Note 3) 1.50
(Note 3)
30,473
Predicted usable propellant remaining at end of KEM = Predicted usable thruster cycles at end of KEM =
(12.80-1.5) ± 0.8 kg
11.30
(200724-30473)
170,251
Margin = (12.80-1.5)/12.80 88% Margin = (200724-30473)/200724 85%
(1) Includes the additional 700 g due to new expulsion efficiency estimate approved by A. Stern on 4/25/2019
(2) From Weekly Status Report dated 10/1/2019
(3) From MOL v55.2 and planned Mission Operations
23 October 2019 New Horizons Science Team Meeting 37Proposed 2012 Search Area using HSC NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 38
Subaru and New Horizons – probing the TNOs NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 39
2021 search using Subaru - HSC NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 40
THANK YOU JJ Kavelaars • New Horizons Co-Investigator • JJ.Kavelaars@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
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