OLED solutions for lighting applications - Advanced Materials for Next Generation OLEDs
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OLED solutions for lighting applications Advanced Materials for Next Generation OLEDs Michele Ricks DOE SSL Workshop 2020 January 2020
We
are
unique
Merck KGaA
Darmstadt, Germany
Since our founding more than 350 We are known as “Merck” internationally except
years ago, we’ve become truly for the United States and Canada, where we operate
as EMD Serono in the biopharmaceutical business,
global with more than 56,000 MilliporeSigma in the life science business,
employees in 66 countries and EMD Performance Materials in the
working on break-through solutions high-tech materials business.
and technologies.
We are the company behind the companies advancing digital living
Advancing Display
From large TVs to touch screens and free-form displays: We have
played a part in all key display innovations and can be found in
more than half of all flat-screen televisions, smartphones and tablet
computers.
Today, our customers use our unrivalled breadth of product, depth of
understanding and specialist expertise to make the most of the
increasingly vital role of display in a digital era:
LC materials OLED materials Photoresists Reactive
Mesogens
Market Leading Revolution in A global leader in
Innovation display & lighting Display Resists Ultra-thin
coatings and optic
films
Siloxanes Quantum LED Phosphors
materials
New backplanes Bright, energy-
and Barriers Major leap in efficient & vivid
display color
Challenges for
OLED lighting
01
Transport Materials for OLED Lighting
Opportunities and Challenges
CGL materials can contribute to lowering voltage
Blue unit is critical to increase efficiency,
as R/G is usually de-tuned to balance color
J. Spindler et al. “24-2: Invited Paper: High Brightness OLED Lighting”, SID INT SYMP DIG TEC, 47 (2016).
Higher lm/W devices can broaden the market for OLED lighting.
Improve lm/W by increasing efficiency and lowering voltage.
6 DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020
OLED @ Merck KGaA,
Darmstadt, Germany,
Performance Materials
02We offer state-of-the-art materials developed for the full stack of
both processing technologies, printing and vapor
Early Research Product Research Product Development
Cathode Novel Long-term New lead Derivatives Tailored products Application
concepts topics structures for specific stacks
EIL Electron Injection
Electron transport materials
ETL Electron Transport Phosphorescent host materials
Market introduction
Phosphorescent dopants
EML Emission R,G,B
Hyper OLED Fluorescent blue dopants
HTL Hole Transport Hole transport materials
Hole Injection Hole injection materials / p-dopants
HIL
Anode ITO
ELQD Printable OLED systems
R&D portfolio covering the full range from early hot topics to mature products
8 DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020Our Approach
Broad Material Portfolio
B prime G prime
HTL ETL
Ref: IMID 2018, A25-3 Freedom to tune device performance
independently in RGB
9 DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020Our Approach
Material Combinations and Full Stack Understanding
Example 1: Interaction between HTL and EBL Example 2: Interaction between HBL and ETL
Weakly Moderately Strongly 102
conducting HTL conducting HTL conducting HTL 100 HBL2/ETL2
HBL1/ETL1
15 98
14.5 96
Eff [%]
14 94
EQE [%]
13.5 92
90 HBL2/ETL1
13
88
12.5
86 HBL1/ETL2
12
84
11.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
EBL1 EBL2 EBL3 LT [%]
There is no universally best material! One by one replacement does not bring solution!
We leverage a broad portfolio and understanding of interactions within the
device to optimize performance for specific applications
10 DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020Example
Interaction between HTL and EBL
ETL HTL EBL HTL EBL HTL EBL
Blue EML HOMO
EBL
HTL
p-doped HTL
EBLs on high HOMO HTL EBLs on medium HOMO HTL EBLs on deep HOMO HTL
Efficiency
Rel. EQE
Rel. EQE
Rel. EQE
h-poor h-rich
LT Rel. LT Rel. LT Rel. LT
• Strong interaction with HTL
• Most efficient EBL in one device can be least efficient in another!
11 DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020How to adjust the charge balance?
Our Electron Transport Material portfolio (selection)
ETL ETMs in vapor blue stack
115%
Blue EML ETM-E
110%
EBL ETM-C
105% ETM-D
ETM-A
Less
HTL
100%
ETM-B
Rel. Eff.
p-doped HTL e-transporting
95%
90% More
85% e-transporting
80%
ETM-L
75%
50% 100% 200%
Rel. LT
ETM portfolio covering a wide range of charge balance for tuning between LT and eff.
12 DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020Example
Electron Blocking Material portfolio for fluorescent blue (selection)
ETL EBLs in blue stack with moderately e-rich ETL EBLs in blue stack with strongly e-rich ETL
Blue EML
EBL
HTL H-poor
Rel. EQE
Rel. EQE
p-doped HTL
Same order of
materials but
different curvature
H-Rich
Rel. LT Rel. LT
HTM portfolio for tuning between LT and efficiency by choice of EBL
Interaction with choice of ETL has to be considered
13 DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020Example
Optimizing lifetime and driving voltage
Lifetime and driving voltage can be
optimized with the right
Materials
Charge-
balance Full stack
combinations of materials understanding
Material
combinations We aim for understanding
the whole OLED device and
interaction of the different
layers and interfaces with
Stack U [V] Rel. EQE Rel. LT each other.
HTM-1 / EBL-1 / Ref-Host - Ref-Dopant / HBL-1 / ETM-1 Ref 1.00 1.00
HTM-1 / EBL-1 / New Host - Ref-Dopant / HBL-1 / ETM-1 -0.15 V 0.95 1.20
HTM-2 / EBL-2 / New Host - Ref-Dopant / HBL-1 / ETM-1 -0.52 V 0.97 1.55
HTM-2 / EBL-2 / New Host - Ref-Dopant / HBL-2 / ETM-2 -0.70 V 0.97 1.65
14 DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020Key Messages
Tuning efficiency by transport layers
Portfolio approach is key for
offering Transport Layers. „Charge
Interplay between HTL/EBL/HBL/ETL Balance“
determines overall performance. is often
dominating the
Extensive combination screening LT/efficiency
is necessary to optimize OLED stack. performance
Our approach:
Actively developing materials for various OLED layers to understand full stack
Significant investments in physics / application lab resources
15 DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020Products are warranted to meet the specifications set forth on their label/packaging and/or certificate of analysis at the time of shipment or for the expressly stated duration. EMD provides information and advice on application technologies and relevant regulations based upon its current knowledge and opinion. EMD MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE REGARDING OUR PRODUCTS, THEIR APPLICATION OR ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH. EMD shall not in any event be liable for incidental, consequential, indirect, exemplary or special damages of any kind resulting from any use or failure of the products. Customer is responsible for and must independently determine the suitability of EMD´s products for its products, intended use and processes. The foregoing information and suggestions are also provided without warranty of non-infringement as to intellectual property rights of third parties and shall not be construed as any inducement to infringe the rights of third parties. Customer shall be responsible for obtaining any applicable third party intellectual property licenses. All sales are subject to EMD’s complete Terms and Conditions of Sale. Prices are subject to change without notice. EMD reserves the right to discontinue products without prior notice. EMD, EMD Performance Materials, the vibrant M, livilux® are trademarks of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. All other trademarks pertain to their proprietors.
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