Online Post Graduate Certificate in Infection Prevention and Control - (CKU01) School of Public Health University College Cork Course Book 2020 ...

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Online Post Graduate Certificate in Infection Prevention and Control - (CKU01) School of Public Health University College Cork Course Book 2020 ...
Online Post Graduate Certificate
               in
Infection Prevention and Control
            (CKU01)

     School of Public Health
     University College Cork

          Course Book

           2020 - 2021
Online Post Graduate Certificate in Infection Prevention and Control - (CKU01) School of Public Health University College Cork Course Book 2020 ...
Contents:                                                               Page

The School of Public Health, UCC and Welcome                            3

The Online Post Graduate Certificate in Infection Prevention and Control 5

   -   Course content outline
   -   Principle Departments Involved
   -   PG Cert Course Team

Course Schedule                                                         7

Module Descriptors:                                                     8

   -   EH6146 The Principles and Clinical Practices of Infection
       Prevention and Control
   -   MB6009 Principles of Microbiology
   -   EH6147 Infection Prevention and Control Quality Improvement
       and Patient Safety
   -   BU6010 Leadership and Management of Infection Prevention
       and Control

Guidelines to Students for submission of Course Work                    16

Plagiarism                                                              17

Sample Assignment Cover Sheet/ Declaration Form                         18

Referencing Examples                                                    19

Access to Canvas / Student Administration                               20

Student IT Support and Information                                      22

Library Resources and Support                                           22

                                                                               2
Online Post Graduate Certificate in Infection Prevention and Control - (CKU01) School of Public Health University College Cork Course Book 2020 ...
The School of Public Health

The Department of Epidemiology and Public Health was established in 1997 and became
a School of Public Health in 2018.

Our vision is to be at the heart of society’s organised efforts to prevent disease and to
protect and promote the health and wellbeing of the population.

We do this by studying:
  • The causes of disease and the factors that promote good health
  • New technologies and other ways to promote health and prevent disease
  • The best way to deliver health services

We are based on the fourth floor of the Western Gateway Building (Title page picture).
The staff teaching on the PG Cert in Infection Prevention and Control includes the
following:

Mission Statement of the School of Public Health:
“To create, preserve and communicate knowledge on the causes and prevention of
disease in the population, on the promotion of health, and on the optimal delivery of
health services, and thereby contribute to the health and well-being of the people of
Munster, Ireland and the world”.

The School has extensive involvement in teaching in undergraduate medical teaching
programmes and degree programmes in Public Health, Environmental Science,
Government & Public Policy, Early Childhood Studies and Genetics. Along with the
PG Cert in Infection Prevention and Control the School runs an Undergraduate BSc in
Public Health, PG Cert in Health Protection. a Masters in Public Health (MPH), and
an MSc in Occupational Health.

Further information on the department and its work can be found at
http://www.ucc.ie/en/epid/

Academic Staff involved in the Post Graduate Certificate in Health Protection

Dr Maura Smiddy                Lecturer in Health Protection, SPH
Ms Fiona Barry                 Lecturer in Health Protection, SPH
Dr David Clarke                Senior Lecturer, School of Microbiology
Dr Ciara Heavin                Senior Lecturer, Cork University Business School

                                                                                            3
Welcome to the PG Cert in Infection Prevention and Control

Dear Student,

Welcome to the PG Cert in Infection Prevention and Control. My name is Dr Maura
Smiddy and I am the Programme Coordinator for the Certificate. I work with Dr
David Clarke, School of Microbiology and Dr Ciara Heavin, Cork University
Business School on this programme.

You will be participating in an induction programme for the Certificate on the 24th
and 25th of September. It is essential that you are fully registered to access Canvas,
(our virtual classroom). You will get an email with your registration details from the
Graduate Studies Office in UCC. The induction includes supportive documentation
for how to engage with the course content and the expectations for engagement. Use
this activity to figure out how to navigate Canvas (the virtual learning environment /
classroom in UCC) and participate in the online discussion which is a great
opportunity to get to know your peers.

You will find the schedule for the modules you will complete and lots of
other information in this booklet. Please note that all further communication will
take place via your UCC Student email and not your personal email. It is
essential that you check your student email and announcements on Canvas
regularly to ensure you don't miss any communications from the School.

We will have a class discussion board during the induction, and I hope to "meet" you
all then. If you have any academic programme queries please do not hesitate to
contact me. As I teach on a number of programmes please indicate that you are
a PG Cert in Health Protection student on all communications.

As part of the induction we will also have a live “meeting” on Friday the 25th at
5.30pm via Microsoft Teams. You can download MS Teams for your laptop or
phone      at   this     link https://www.microsoft.com/en-ie/microsoft-365/microsoft-
teams/download-ap. This is just to introduce the Course Team and give you the
opportunity to ask questions. If you don’t make this meeting don’t worry as we will
record it and share it via Canvas.

Looking forward to working with you all on this programme.

Best wishes,

Maura, David and Ciara.

                                                                                    4
Online Postgraduate Certificate in Infection
Prevention and Control
This online Postgraduate Certificate in Infection Prevention and Control is a part-time
programme running from September to April. The programme is designed on an
online modular basis to meet the needs of working professionals.

Programme Requirements
Students take taught modules to the value of 30 credits incorporating 140 hours of
structured contact time.

Students take 30 credits as follows:

All modules are core in this programme. All modules will be taught in one academic
year. With 15 credits taught in Semester 1 (September – December) and 15 credits in
Semester 2 (January - May). The outline of the programme with provisional dates is
detailed in Figure 1. There is an option to progress from the PG Cert to an Diploma
and Master of Public Health.

Contact the Course Team:

Dr Maura Smiddy is the PG Cert Co-ordinator and Lecturer. She can be contacted at
(021) 4205508 and at m.smiddy@ucc.ie

                                                                                      5
Student Participation and Commitment

This is an online post-graduate course which is delivered in an intensive manner over
six months to facilitate those who are already engaged in professional practice to
participate in post-graduate study. It requires students to be self-motivated and
committed to study.

The School will do its best to ensure you have a positive learning experience.

On registration you’ll be provided with a UCC student email account. Only this
email account will be used for communication with students individually and
collectively as it’s linked to the online learning environment, Canvas, and can be used
to issue announcements or other information. Please check it regularly.

                                                                                     6
Course Schedule PG Cert in Infection Prevention and Control 2020 – 2021

Dates                      Content                                      Duration      Credits Module Coordinator
                                                           Semester 1
24th – 25th September      Induction                                        2 days       -
28th September - 22nd      EH6146 The Principles and Clinical              8 weeks      10         Dr Maura Smiddy,
November 2020              Practices of Infection Prevention and                                 School of Public Health
                           Control
23rd November - 20th       MB6009 Principles of Microbiology               4 weeks      5           Dr David Clarke,
December 2020                                                                                    School of Microbiology
                                                          Semester 2
11 January – 7
  th            th
                           EH6147 Infection Prevention and Control         4 weeks      5          Dr Maura Smiddy,
February 2021              Quality Improvement and Patient Safety                                School of Public Health
8th February – 4th April   BU6010 Leadership and Management of             8 weeks      10          Dr Ciara Heavin,
2021                       Infection Prevention and Control                                     Cork University Business
                                                                                                         School
Programme Total                                                          24.5 weeks     30
                                                                                      credits
MODULE DESCRIPTORS

Module                                                         Subject          Credit          More
Code        Module Title                                       Area             Weighting       Information

EH6146      The Principles and Clinical Practices of           Public Health    10              - Module
            Infection Prevention and Control                                                    Description

Credit Weighting: 10

Semester(s): Semester 1.

No. of Students: Min 5, Max 50.

Pre-requisite(s): None

Co-requisite(s): None

Teaching Method(s): 72hr(s) Directed Study (Self-directed learning); 48hr(s) Other (Online moderated
activities); 40hr(s) Other (Written assignment reflection and development); 40hr(s) Other (Reading and
reflective practice).

Module Co-ordinator: Dr Maura Smiddy, School of Public Health.

Lecturer(s): Staff, School of Public Health, and Guest Lecturers.

Module Objective: To introduce core concepts and application of infection prevention and control
strategies in healthcare settings.

Module Content: Infection prevention and control theory, policy and challenges; infection prevention
strategies; management of infection risks in the environment; surveillance and control of infection;
outbreak identification and management; antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistant organisms.

Learning Outcomes: On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:

   ▪   Describe the implementation of infection prevention and control in healthcare settings.
   ▪   Describe and critically evaluate practices implemented to reduce the risk of infections in healthcare.
   ▪   Outline the management of infection risks in the built healthcare environment.
   ▪   Discuss the impact and management of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistant organisms.
   ▪   Critically appraise quality improvement initiatives in relation to infection prevention and control and
       their application in the healthcare setting.
   ▪   Critically evaluate methods and strategies for management of outbreaks of infection.

Assessment: Total Marks 200: Continuous Assessment 200 marks (Written assessments 2 x 80 marks
each (160 marks total); Online activites 40 marks).

Compulsory Elements: Continuous Assessment. All elements of assessment are mandatory and must be
Module                                                       Subject          Credit         More
Code         Module Title                                    Area             Weighting      Information

attempted.

Penalties (for late submission of Course/Project Work etc.): Where work is submitted up to and
including 7 days late, 10% of the total marks available shall be deducted from the mark achieved. Where
work is submitted up to and including 14 days late, 20% of the total marks available shall be deducted
from the mark achieved. Work submitted 15 days late or more shall be assigned a mark of zero.

Pass Standard and any Special Requirements for Passing Module: 40% Students must
independently pass all elements of Continuous Assessment to pass the module overall. For students who
do not satisfy this requirement, the overall mark achieved in the module and a 'Fail Special Requirement'
will be recorded.

Formal Written Examination: No Formal Written Examination.

Requirements for Supplemental Examination: Marks in passed element(s) of Continuous Assessment
are carried forward, Failed element(s) of Continuous Assessment must be repeated.

Note: Every effort has been made to ensure that the programme and module content as described in the
University’s Calendar and Book of Modules for the 2020-21 academic year are accurate. However, due to
the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, no guarantee is given that programme/module content, delivery
and assessment may not be altered, cancelled, replaced, augmented or otherwise amended. Any changes
will ensure the same competencies and Learning Outcomes are met. Programme and/or Module
Coordinators will communicate any such changes to students.

                                                                                                  9
Module
Code           Module Title                       Subject Area                  Credit Weighting

MB6009         Principles of Microbiology         Microbiology                  5
               (Online)

Credit Weighting: 5

Semester(s): Semester 1.

No. of Students: Min 5, Max 50.

Pre-requisite(s): None

Co-requisite(s): None

Teaching Method(s): 36hr(s) Directed Study (online self-directed learning); 24hr(s) Directed Study
(online moderated activities); 20hr(s) Other (written assignment reflection and development
(submitted online)); 20hr(s) Other (reading and reflective practice).

Module Co-ordinator: Dr David Clarke, School of Microbiology.

Lecturer(s): Staff, School of Public Health, Guest Lecturers; Staff, School of Microbiology.

Module Objective: To create a strong scientific understanding of the nature of microorganisms
including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protoza and helminths. To introduce microbial growth, entry and
pathogenesis. To understand transmission epidemiology and control of infectious diseases.

Module Content: Introduction to the nature of microorganisms; microbial growth in differnent
environments growth rate etc. Introduction to microbial pathogenesis. Control of microbial
populations. Antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents. Drug resistance, mechanisms and consequences,
drug use. Epidemiology of infectious diseases. Infectious diseases in the hospital environment.
Strategies to reduce/prevent nosocomial infections. Microbiological issues in the hospital environment.
Investigating suspected nosocomial infections - what can the modern laboratory offer?.

Learning Outcomes: On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:

   ▪   Outline the nature of microorganism's growth and pathogenesis
   ▪   Describe the control of microbial populations through physical, chemical and chemotherapeutic
       methods
   ▪   Discuss major issues of microbial drug resistence
   ▪   Outline the epidemiology of infectious diseases particularly in the case of nosocomial infections
   ▪   List and describe strategies to reduce/prevent nosocomial infections
   ▪   Discuss Microbiology safety for patients and staff.

Assessment: Total Marks 100: Continuous Assessment 100 marks (Participation in online discussion
forum 20 marks; Assessed by a series of timed quizzes with the MCQ questions randomly drawn from
a question pool and randomised multiple choice answers, 80 marks).

                                                                                               10
Compulsory Elements: Continuous Assessment. All elements of assessment are mandatory and
must be attempted. Compensation between elements is permitted.

Penalties (for late submission of Course/Project Work etc.): Where work is submitted up to
and including 7 days late, 10% of the total marks available shall be deducted from the mark achieved.
Where work is submitted up to and including 14 days late, 20% of the total marks available shall be
deducted from the mark achieved. Work submitted 15 days late or more shall be assigned a mark of
zero.

Pass Standard and any Special Requirements for Passing Module: 40%.

Formal Written Examination: No Formal Written Examination.

Requirements for Supplemental Examination: Marks in passed element(s) of Continuous
Assessment are carried forward, Failed element(s) of Continuous Assessment must be repeated (as
prescribed by the Department).

Note: Every effort has been made to ensure that the programme and module content as described in
the University’s Calendar and Book of Modules for the 2020-21 academic year are accurate. However,
due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, no guarantee is given that programme/module
content, delivery and assessment may not be altered, cancelled, replaced, augmented or otherwise
amended. Any changes will ensure the same competencies and Learning Outcomes are met.
Programme and/or Module Coordinators will communicate any such changes to students.

                                                                                            11
Module                                                               Subject        Credit
Code       Module Title                                              Area           Weighting

EH6147     Infection Prevention and Control Quality                  Public         5
           Improvement and Patient Safety                            Health

Credit Weighting: 5

Semester(s): Semester 2.

No. of Students: Min 5, Max 50.

Pre-requisite(s): None

Co-requisite(s): None

Teaching Method(s): 36hr(s) Directed Study (Online self-directed learning); 24hr(s) Directed
Study (Online moderated activities); 20hr(s) Other (Written assignment reflection and development
(submitted online)); 20hr(s) Other (Reading and reflective practice).

Module Co-ordinator: Dr Maura Smiddy, School of Public Health.

Lecturer(s): Staff, School of Public Health, and Guest Lecturers.

Module Objective: To establish what quality improvement is and what it entails in the healthcare
setting. To understand the principles of quality improvement. To identify areas for quality
improvement applicable to infection prevention and control. To apply quality improvement strategies
to improve patient outcomes.

Module Content: Introduction to quality improvement; methods of quality improvement including
surveillance and audit; models for improving quality in healthcare; root cause analysis of adverse
events in healthcare.

Learning Outcomes: On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:

   ▪   Outline quality improvement theory and application in the healthcare setting.
   ▪   Describe quality improvement methods.
   ▪   Discuss the role of audit and surveillance in quality improvement in the healthcare setting.
   ▪   Discuss root cause analysis in the management of adverse events.
   ▪   Explain how quality improvement leads to better patient outcomes.
   ▪   Identify areas for improvement in the workplace.
   ▪   Implement and report on a quality improvement audit with feedback to the relevant person.

Assessment: Total Marks 100: Continuous Assessment 100 marks (Participation in online
discussion forum (20 marks); Practice focussed audit report (80 marks)).

Compulsory Elements: Continuous Assessment. All elements of assessment are mandatory and

                                                                                             12
must be attempted.

Penalties (for late submission of Course/Project Work etc.): Where work is submitted up to
and including 7 days late, 10% of the total marks available shall be deducted from the mark
achieved. Where work is submitted up to and including 14 days late, 20% of the total marks
available shall be deducted from the mark achieved. Work submitted 15 days late or more shall be
assigned a mark of zero.

Pass Standard and any Special Requirements for Passing Module: 40%.

Formal Written Examination: No Formal Written Examination.

Requirements for Supplemental Examination: Marks in passed element(s) of Continuous
Assessment are carried forward, Failed element(s) of Continuous Assessment must be repeated (as
prescribed by the Department).

Note: Every effort has been made to ensure that the programme and module content as described
in the University’s Calendar and Book of Modules for the 2020-21 academic year are accurate.
However, due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, no guarantee is given that
programme/module content, delivery and assessment may not be altered, cancelled, replaced,
augmented or otherwise amended. Any changes will ensure the same competencies and Learning
Outcomes are met. Programme and/or Module Coordinators will communicate any such changes to
students.

                                                                                         13
Module
Code       Module Title                          Subject Area               Credit Weighting

BU6010     Leadership and Management             Business                         10
           of Infection Prevention and
           Control

Credit Weighting: 10

Semester(s): Semester 2.

No. of Students: Min 5, Max 50.

Pre-requisite(s): None

Co-requisite(s): None

Teaching Method(s): 72hr(s) Directed Study (Self Directed Learning); 48hr(s) Other (Online
Moderated Activities); 40hr(s) Other (Written Assignment Reflection and Development); 40hr(s)
Other (Reading and Reflective Practice).

Module Co-ordinator: Dr Ciara Heavin, Department of Business Information Systems.

Lecturer(s): Staff, Department of Business Information Systems.

Module Objective: This module will expose healthcare professionals to the concepts and
knowledge involved in leading and managing infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes.
It will assess the relationship between leadership skills and abilities, and the challenges health
service managers, leaders and organisations face as they deal with internal and external pressures
when implementing IPC strategies.

Module Content: The impact of strategy, culture, structure, politics, leadership and decision
making processes on healthcare organisations. Using a practical case-based approach, students will
develop an awareness of the impacts of such processes on individual, group, and organisational
behaviour. To develop strategies for making data-centric decisions and managing change as an
inherent aspect of IPC programmes.

Learning Outcomes: On successful completion of this module, students should be able to:

   ▪   Outline and discuss the role of management and leadership in healthcare settings.
   ▪   Exhibit the skills necessary as a manager and leader in the healthcare profession to assess,
       plan, implement and manage change under conditions of uncertainty, complexity, and
       increasing demands for accountability and transparency.
   ▪   Demonstrate the application of tools and techniques for economic decision making to
       support the implementation of IPC programmes.
   ▪   Analyse, plan, and design data management strategies for IPC in healthcare settings.
   ▪   Assess the relationship between healthcare operations, processes, and measuring

                                                                                            14
improvements.

Assessment: Total Marks 200: Continuous Assessment 200 marks (2 x Online Activities 40 marks
(20 marks each), 1 x Practical Group Case Study 160 marks (Individual report 40 marks; Group
case report 80 marks; Group presentation 40 marks)).

Compulsory Elements: Continuous Assessment.

Penalties (for late submission of Course/Project Work etc.): Where work is submitted up
to and including 7 days late, 10% of the total marks available shall be deducted from the mark
achieved. Where work is submitted up to and including 14 days late, 20% of the total marks
available shall be deducted from the mark achieved. Work submitted 15 days late or more shall be
assigned a mark of zero.

Pass Standard and any Special Requirements for Passing Module: 40%.

Formal Written Examination: No Formal Written Examination.

Requirements for Supplemental Examination: Marks in passed element(s) of Continuous
Assessment are carried forward, Failed element(s) of Continuous Assessment must be repeated.

Note: Every effort has been made to ensure that the programme and module content as described
in the University’s Calendar and Book of Modules for the 2020-21 academic year are accurate.
However, due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, no guarantee is given that
programme/module content, delivery and assessment may not be altered, cancelled, replaced,
augmented or otherwise amended. Any changes will ensure the same competencies and Learning
Outcomes are met. Programme and/or Module Coordinators will communicate any such changes to
students.

                                                                                          15
School of Public Health

   General Guidelines to Students for Submission of Course Work

                  Requirements for Submission of Course Work

All course work must be submitted via Turn-It-In in Canvas.

All assignments must be submitted by due date and time set out by the individual
lecturer or module co-ordinator.
    ➢ All assignments must be typed.
    ➢ There is a word limit for each assignment and the completed work should not
        be above or below that word limit by 10%.
    ➢ Page numbers should be included.
    ➢ A cover page should contain the name of the assignment, the student name and
        student number, course name, module title and code and lecturer’s name.
    ➢ The second page should be a plagiarism declaration form, which also asks for
        the word count of the piece of work being submitted. This will require your
        signature declaring the work to be your own.
    ➢ A list of references should conclude the piece of work in one of the standard
        conventions (e.g. Harvard or Vancouver) or as indicated by the course /
        module lecturer.
    ➢ Any appendices (if necessary) will then follow.

Late Submission
The late submission of a piece of work will result in a penalty.
   ➢ Where work is submitted up to and including 7 days late, 10% of the total
       marks available shall be deducted from the mark achieved.
   ➢ Where work is submitted up to and including 14 days late, 20% of the total
       marks available shall be deducted from the mark achieved.
   ➢ Work submitted 15 days late or more shall be assigned a mark of zero.

Requests for extensions, on the grounds of ill health or where extenuating reasons
make it difficult to submit course work, will be assessed by the department / module
lecturer. It is the student’s responsibility to inform the module co-ordinator of any
difficulties they are encountering as early as possible and to make a written request
for an extension to the submission date to the module co-ordinator. If requesting an
extension on the grounds of ill health – a medical certificate must accompany the
request.

                                                                                  16
Plagiarism

Copying and plagiarism is unacceptable in any academic department. These practices
will incur severe penalties and should therefore be avoided at all cost.

Plagiarism is the taking of someone else’s words, ideas and intellectual work and
presenting it as your own. The following piece taken from Zimmerman, D. and D.
Rodrigues (1992), Research and Writing in the Disciplines, may help you understand
what plagiarism is:

       “Some people plagiarize out of ignorance; some plagiarize deliberately.
       Under pressure to finish an assignment, individuals may take another person’s
       work, retype it, and fail to credit their source, and claim the work as their own.
       Still others change a word here; a word there, recast a phrase, alter the
       presentation order, or massage the original in some way, and then suggest the
       work represents their effort….they think their readers will not recognise their
       act…surely no one will spot their little deed…but almost certainly others will
       eventually learn they have plagiarised. Once the deed is uncovered, action
       follows swiftly”

Plagiarism can be because you do not know about the academic referencing process.
To avoid this type of plagiarism, always know the source of the ideas you present. It
is also good practice to keep detailed notes, making sure you include bibliographic
details for all ideas and quotations you record while reading.

Occasionally plagiarism is deliberate, an effort to cheat, to gain credit for work that is
not the result of the student’s own effort. This form of plagiarism is viewed very
seriously in this department. Serious sanctions will apply to any student who draws
on the work of another student and submits that work as their own. Sanctions may
also apply to students who knowingly give their work to another student to copy and
submit as their own. These sanctions can range from a zero mark to failure in their
entire year’s work.

Please remember that plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty.            Those who
engage in it cheat themselves out of the chance to grow intellectually.

See UCC Plagiarism Policy at:
https://www.ucc.ie/en/media/support/recordsandexaminations/documents/UCCPlagiar
ismPolicy-2020.pdf

Plagiarism Tutorial at:
http://library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/plagiarism/

                                                                                       17
Sample Assignment Title Page

                          University College Cork

                          School of Public Health

                            Title of Assignment

                              Name of Student

             I declare that the content of this assignment is all
             my own work. Where the work of others has been
                used to augment my assignment it has been
                          referenced accordingly.

Signed: ______________________          Date: ______________________

Student Number:_____________            Word Count: _______________

                                                                       18
Referencing Examples
Harvard Style

The Harvard Style of referencing sees the full citations listed at the end of the
assignment. This is arranged in alphabetical order by the author. Both journal and
book names are given in full and are italicised.

Examples:

Haslam, C. & Atkinson, S. & Brown, S.S. & Haslam, R.A. (2005), ‘Anxiety and
depression in the workplace: Effects on the individual and organisation (a focus group
investigation)’, Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 88, no. 2, pp.209-215.

Sexton, J.J. (1996), Changing profiles in occupations and educational attainment,
Dublin, FAS : Economic and Social Research Institute.

Citation in the text of your work:
If the author’s name occurs naturally in the sentence give the year in brackets after:
                .....occupational health as described by WHO (1997)

If the name does not occur naturally in the sentence then the brackets should enclose
both name and year
              In a recent study (Hunter, 2005) health and safety was shown .......

In the case of two authors then:
                Johnson and Johnson (1999)....

If there are three or more authors give only the surname of the first author followed by
et al
                 Richards et al (2002).....

Vancouver Style

The Vancouver style differs from the Harvard style owing to its use of a number
series to indicate references. This allows the main text to be read more easily, free
flowing without the interruption of names and year of publication. The reference list
at the end of the assignment is in the numerical order as they appear in the main text.
This in turn saves the reader more time when looking for specific references.

Example:
The author has discussed the influence of an unbalanced view of disease distorting the
view of health care needs in the community setting (1). Other writers have
commented on related issues (2).

(1) Farmer R, Miller D, Lawrenson R, Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine.
Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1996.

(2) Alonzo C, Laborde A, Priority setting for risk assessment-The benefit of human
experience. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2005;207:692-696

                                                                                         19
Accessing Canvas and Student Administration.

                                               20
21
Access more information on:
Student IT Support: https://www.ucc.ie/en/sit/support/

Student IT Guide:
https://www.ucc.ie/en/media/support/itservices/sit/StudentITGuide2019-2020.pdf

Library Resources
There is a generic library learning resources canvas course available for all
students. It includes:
    • Accessing the library
    • Finding resources for your assignments
    • Information on citing, referencing and plagiarism
    • Literature review
    • Internet searching for research
    • Advice on reference management software.
    • Tutorials

Access this module at: https://ucc.instructure.com/courses/55

                                                                                 22
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