Optimization Study of Ship Networking System Based on 5G Cellular Network - Allen Press
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Journal of Coastal Research SI 110 188–192 Coconut Creek, Florida 2020
Optimization Study of Ship Networking System Based on 5G
Cellular Network
Ziyu Pan†*, Jie Yang†, and Nan Guo‡
Department of Information and Communication
†
Department of Mathematics and Physics
‡
Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology
Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing 211167, China www.cerf-jcr.org
Nanjing 211167, China
ABSTRACT
Pan, Z.Y.; Yang, J., and Guo, N., 2020. Optimization study of ship networking system based on 5G
cellular network. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine,
and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 188–192. Coconut Creek
(Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.
www.JCRonline.org The rapid development of mobile communication technology has promoted the technological change of
society. The fifth generation (5G) communication technology has become the focus of research in the field of
communication technology. This paper aims to optimize the performance of the ship networking system based
on 5G cellular network. To this end, it combines 5G cellular network and radio technology related theories,
and conducts the simulation experiments on the communication system to compare the ET-MAC and TDMA
protocols in terms of packet loss rate, time delay and throughput etc. The study found that the packet loss
rate of ET-MAC is lower than that of TDMA, and the former has better performance; as the number of ships
increases, the delay in ET-MAC is lower, but both protocols can realize the information transmission in a
relatively short period of time; for a large amount of data, ET-MAC is more helpful to improve the transmission
performance of the system. This study combines 5G technology with ship networking information technology,
which provides theoretical support for the performance optimization of the ship networking systems.
ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: 5G, cellular network, ship networking system, optimization.
INTRODUCTION in China. It has received extensive attention in the academic
Since the 21st century, the advancement of information community on how to re-allocate the deployed frequency bands,
technology has greatly promoted the rapid development of society. reduce network delay, increase the utilization rate of signal
Following the continuous progress of science and technology, channels, and improve network stability (Hsiao, Shih, and
the network communication has been applied more extensively, Huang, 2018; Ko, Lee, and Pack, 2017; Nadeem et al., 2016;
while people have had higher requirements for communication, Shankar, Kumar, and Mishra, 2019; Sheikh, Bora, and Hussain,
especially the network coverage, service quality, and big data 2019). Based on the 5G cellular network, this paper studies the
transmission (Ge et al., 2019; Yao et al., 2017). At this time, the ship networking system protocol, and proposes a hybrid media
introduction of new technologies into the fifth generation mobile access control protocol. Besides, the simulation experiments were
network communication system can improve and innovate network conducted to verify the performance of network transmission.
technologies, thus meeting the development needs of network
services (Min and Ould-Khaoua, 2007). In the shipbuilding 5G CELLULAR NETWORK AND SHIP NETWORKING
industry of China, due to the sharp increase in the volume of THEORY
imports and exports, the number of ships and the volume of cargo Concept of 5G Cellular Network
transportation have also risen sharply, and the data has shown 5G cellular network is formed by a high-density deployment of
an explosive growth (Kim et al., 2018). Meanwhile, the ship low-power small cells in the area covered by macro sites (Heath
networking system has been faced with greater challenges such as et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2018; Nakamura et al., 2015; Suemitsu et
the increasingly tight spectrum resources, the insufficient storage al., 2016; Yu et al., 2016). It improves the efficiency of system
space in the ship terminal system, and the limited computing construction spectrum through repeated use of spectrum, and
power. It requires strong computing power and storage space (Han eliminates the blind areas covered by the network by deploying a
et al., 2019; Mukattash et al., 2012; Nouri and Hong, 2013). large number of small cells, thereby improving the communication
Ship networking technology is an integral part of the 5G quality and system capacity of edge users. The basis of 5G cellular
communication system, and also currently a hot research topic networks is small cell networks and radio technologies.
A small cell is a network base station device with a small
coverage radius, low cost, and low power. Its coverage area is
DOI: 10.2112/JCR-SI110-045.1 received 4 April 2020; accepted in generally within a few hundred meters, and the transmission
revision 3 June 2020.
*Corresponding author: panziyu@njit.edu.cn power does not exceed 10W. The characteristics of the cellular
©
Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc. 2020 network include dense multi-cell, two-layer network and goodShip Networking System Based on 5G Cellular Network 189
self-organization ability. Figure 1 shows the typical two-layer Table 1. Types of small cells.
cellular network structure. There are many small cells under a
macro cell to form a dense network structure, among which SUE Deployment Transmitting Coverage
Application
represents small-cellular user equipment, and MUE refers to area power area
macro-cellular user equipment. In terms of coverage, transmission Macro cell Outdoor 40dBm >1km -
power, and application scenarios, small cells can be classified into Microcell Outdoor 30-39dBm190 Pan, Yang, and Guo
5G cellular network technology uses ultra-high-density Table 2. Simulation parameters.
networking to minimize energy consumption in signal transmission
and greatly reduce signal overhead, thereby effectively solving Parameter name Parameter
network bandwidth and delay issues. In addition, it also focuses on
Channel length 3km
the future requirements for network communication services with
the rapid increase in formation amount while meeting the current Ship speed 30-50km/h
needs. Thus, 5G cellular network can provide high reliability and Slot count 100
low latency in ship networking, and meet people’s needs.
Due to the VANET characteristics of the ship, its transmission Slot length 2ms
delays and network instability etc. cannot fully meet the needs CWmin[CL1] 5
of security applications. Also, there are certain defects in this
CWmax[CL1] 20
algorithm, which does not allow the establishment of information
sharing between ships, and the channel is activated only within CWmin[CL2] 20
the specified time. The protocol of time division multiple access
CWmax[CL2] 1024
network technology (TDMA) allows multiple ships to use the
same channel together. This paper proposes a hybrid media access AIFSN[CL1] 3
control protocol that can be applied to the ship’s networking AIFSN[CL2] 9
system, called ET-MAC, which can effectively improve the
stability of signal transmission and increase the utilization rate of Channel rate 8kb/s
signal channels.
In this paper, simulation experiments were conducted on the
performance of the ET-MAC protocol based on TDMA. The
simulator was used to generate ship traffic route trajectories
2.5
and define the ship’s free movement on different routes, and the TDMA（CL1）
TDMA（CL2）
NS4 simulator was applied to implement the ET-MAC protocol. 2.0 ET-MAC（CL1）
The experiments mainly evaluate the ET-MAC protocol from ET-MAC（CL2）
the packet loss rate, delay, and throughput. In the simulation
experiments, it’s assumed that the channel length was 3 kilometers; 1.5
Packet loss rate
the number of ships was increased from 50 to 300 in two different
conditions. In the first condition, the transmission range was fixed 1.0
at 400m; in the second condition, the ship number was fixed at
300, and the transmission range varied between 100m-1000m.
The experiments included two types of services CL1 and CL2. 0.5
%）
（
The signal of each ship was divided into different time slots for
sharing the evaluation channel. Each ship randomly selected the
time slot to send data. Table 3 lists the simulation parameters used.
0.0
0 60 120 180 240 300
Number of ships
Analysis of Simulation Results
The performance of ET-MAC and TDMA was compared. Figure 4. Relation between packet loss rate and number of ships.
Figure 4 shows the effect of changes in the number of ships on
the packet loss rate. It can be seen that the packet loss rate of ET-
MAC is much lower, especially with a higher number of ships.
The packet loss rate of both methods increases with the number of 0.10
ships; when it increased to 300, the packet loss rate of CL1 in ET- TDMA（CL1）
MAC reaches 0.6%, and that of CL2 reaches 1.6%; meanwhile, TDMA（CL2）
the packet loss rates of the CL1 and CL2 for TDMA reached 3%
0.08 ET-MAC（CL1）
and 3.6%, respectively. ET-MAC（CL2）
Figure 5 shows the relationship between delay and vehicle. It 0.06
can be seen that as the number of ships increases, ET-MAC has a
Time delay
lower delay than TDMA, because in the TDMA protocol, the ship
randomly selects the access channel, resulting in an increase in 0.04
the delays during the access process, while both types of services
s）
in the ET-MAC protocol can realize the transmission of messages 0.02
（
in a relatively short time.
Figure 6 compares the throughput between the two methods.
When the number of vehicles reached 300, the throughput of 0.00
CL 1 of ET-MAC reached 15Mb/s, and the CL2 reached 5Mb/s, 0 60 120 180 240 300
while the throughput of TDMA was lower in terms of the CL1 and Number of ships
CL2. Thus, the throughput increases with the number of ships;
Figure 5. Relationship between number of ships and time delay.
the large throughput of ET-MAC is conductive to transmitting a
Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, 2020Ship Networking System Based on 5G Cellular Network 191
large amount of data through the scheduling scheme. The TDMA
protocol needs to randomly select time slots for data transmission,
12000
which reduces the system performance.
TDMA（CL1） Figure 7 shows the relationship between the packet loss
10000 TDMA（CL2）
rate of the two protocols and the transmission range. It can be
ET-MAC（CL1）
ET-MAC（CL2） seen that the packet loss rate of the ET-MAC protocol is lower
8000 than the TDMA, and the CL1 packet loss rate range of the ET-
MAC protocol was 0.4%- 0.9%, and that of CL2 was 1.4%-
6000 2%; the highest packet loss rate of CL1 and CL2 in the TDMA
Throughput
protocol reached 3.6% and 4% respectively. Figure 8 shows the
4000 relationship between transmission range and delay. With the
kbps）
transmission distance increasing, system delays of both protocols
2000 increase. On the whole, the ET-MAC protocol has more delay
（
than the TDMA protocol. The maximum delay difference of the
0 two protocols was 0.05s in terms of CL1, and it was 0.03s in
0 60 120 180 240 300 terms of CL2.
Number of ships
CONCLUSIONS
Figure 6. Relationship between throughput and number of ships. Based on the 5G cellular network technology and related
communication technology, this paper conducts a simulation
study on the ship networking system using the ET-MAC and
TDMA protocols. The main conclusions are as follows:
5 (1) The small cell network of 5G cellular network and radio
TDMA（CL1） TDMA（CL2）
ET-MAC（CL1） ET-MAC（CL2） technology play an important role in the optimization of the ship
4 networking system. The establishment of the 5G base station can
help to achieve the information transmission and improve the
communication system between ships.
3 (2) Based on the performance of the MAC protocol, the ET-
Packet loss rate
MAC protocol uses the simulator to generate the trajectory of the
ship’s traffic route. It’s found that in the process of information
2
transmission, the performance of the ET-MAC protocol is better
than the TDMA in terms of packet loss rate and time delay; also,
1 as the number of ships increases, the performance of the ET-MAC
%）
（
protocol become more advantageous.
(3) The simulation experiments found that the packet loss rate of
0 the two protocols has a certain relationship with the transmission
0 200 400 600 800 1000 distance; the packet loss rate of the ET-MAC protocol is lower
Transmission range(m)
than the TDMA; with the transmission distance increasing,
Figure 7. Relationship between packet loss rate and transmission range. the delays of the two protocols also increase, but the ET-MAC
protocol has a lower delay.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work is supported by the National Natural Science
0.14 TDMA（CL1） TDMA（CL2） Foundation of China (61901211, 61701221), the Natural Science
ET-MAC（CL1） ET-MAC（CL2）
Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of
0.12 China (18KJB510017), the Foundation of Nanjing Institute of
0.10 Technology (ZKJ201801).
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