OUTLOOK 2021: COVID-19 AND TRANSPORT - White Paper Update February 2021 - SNC-Lavalin

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OUTLOOK 2021: COVID-19 AND TRANSPORT - White Paper Update February 2021 - SNC-Lavalin
OUTLOOK 2021:
COVID-19 AND TRANSPORT
White Paper Update

February 2021
OUTLOOK 2021: COVID-19 AND TRANSPORT - White Paper Update February 2021 - SNC-Lavalin
COVID-19: A YEAR IN REVIEW
A year ago, most people weren’t thinking about a global pandemic and few had considered the risks that such
an event would transform our everyday experience. Today the news headlines are consumed by little else.
Within a number of sobering milestones for COVID-19 as it has taken hold around the world is the first case in                                                                                       Total Cases
the GCC, reported on 29th January 2020 in the UAE.                                                                                                                                                   101,502,266

Since that milestone, a year of the pandemic has proven to be worse than the most pessimistic predictions. As                                                                                        Total Deaths
of 29th January 2021, reported global COVID-19 cases have reached over 101 million with 2.2 million deaths.                                                                                           2,194,866
With the emergence of several variants at the end of 2020, second and third waves of infections are being seen
in many countries. In spite of hopes that the crisis could be largely contained within 2020, the realities of social                                                                           New Daily Cases
distancing, face masks, home working, domestic and international travel restrictions and stringent lockdowns                                                                                      609,271
remain an unsettling reality for millions.
                                                                                                                                                                                               New Daily Deaths
                                                                                                                                                                                                   15,180                         New cases per million
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  people (7 day average)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Total cases per million people

                                                                                                                                                                                           Case-Fatality Ratio
                                                                                                                                                                                                 2.2%
Figure 1 – One year on, the global pandemic continues and COVID-19 cases
and deaths are at record levels

  Total Cases by Region                                                                                              Total Deaths by Region                                         New Cases (7-day moving average)                                                                             New Deaths (7-day moving average)
                                                                                                                                                                                                       300K                                                                                                        6K
                                                        3.54M (3%)                                                                    176K(8%)   90K (4%)
                                         12.16M (12%)
                                                                     6.18M(6%)                                                                              100K(5%)

                                                                                                                                                                                                       250K                                                                                                        5K

   Regions                15.73M (15%)                                                          Regions                                                                685K (31%)
                                                                                 29.52M (29%)                     412K(19%)                                                         Regions                                                                                                      Regions
     Africa                                                                                       Africa                                                                                               200K                                                                                        Africa          4K
                                                                                                                                                                                      Africa
     Asia-Pacific                                                                                 Asia-Pacific                                                                                                                                                                                     Asia-Pacific
                                                                                                                                                                                      Asia-Pacific
     Europe                                                                                       Europe                                                                                                                                                                                           Europe
                                                                                                                                                                                      Europe                                                                                                                       3K
                                                                                                                                                                                                       150K
     Middle East                                                                                  Middle East                                                                         Middle East                                                                                                  Middle East

     North America                                                                                North America                                                                       North America                                                                                                North America

     South America                                                                                South America                                                                       South America 100K                                                                                           South America 2K

     South Asia                                                                                   South Asia                                                                          South Asia                                                                                                   South Asia

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1K
                                                                                                                                                                                                       50K
                                                                      4.67M (5%)                                              636K(29%)                     96K (4%)
                                    29.71M(29%)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   0K
                                                                                                                                                                                                        0K                                                                                                                      Apr 2020   Jul 2020   Oct 2020   Jan 2021
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Apr 2020   Jul 2020                 Oct 2020                   Jan 2021

                               2
OUTLOOK 2021: COVID-19 AND TRANSPORT - White Paper Update February 2021 - SNC-Lavalin
In terms of public health, the countries of the GCC have weathered the storm better than those of Europe or                   Total Cases (per million people)                                                                                                          Total Deaths (per million people)

the Americas, although lagging behind East Asia. Nevertheless, over 1.14 million cases have been recorded in                                                 80K

the region and over 10,000 people have died. Significant surges in cases are currently being seen in the UAE,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   78,346

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1,320
                                                                                                                              Locations                                                                                                                                 Locations
Bahrain and Kuwait. Whilst these are not being translated into substantial increases in mortality, there has                      Australia                                                                                                                               Australia

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              958
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                914
                                                                                                                                                             60K                                                                                                                                          1,000
been an increase in public health messaging, border monitoring and regulatory enforcement.                                        Canada                                                                                                                                  Canada

                                                                                                                                                                                                                39,441
                                                                                                                                  East and Southeast Asia                                                                                                                 East and Southeast Asia

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          36,529
                                                                                                                                  Europe                                                                                                                                  Europe

COVID-19 is a global economic crash as much as a public health emergency. However, the GCC has experienced                                                   40K

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     525
                                                                                                                                  GCC                                                                                                                                     GCC

                                                                                                                                                                                               20,532

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         20,711
a unique set of circumstances as the impacts of the pandemic combine with major falls in the price of oil. Whilst                 India                                                                                                                                   India                             500
                                                                                                                                  South America                                                                                                                           South America
mainstream society has now substantially reopened across the region, levels of business activity, investment,                                                20K

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  7,778
                                                                                                                                  United States                                                                                                                           United States

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        176
tourism and mobility remain challenging, projects have been disrupted and few public agencies have been

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      112
                                                                                                                                                                                       1,130

                                                                                                                                                                                                        1,008

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                36

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           24
able to maintain spending at previous levels. Furthermore, in the long-term, with the need for credible climate                                                  0K                                                                                                                                           0

action now changing the geopolitical agenda, COVID-19 offers the region an early taste of the approaching
post-oil era and demonstrates the need for accelerated economic and social reform.
                                                                                                                    New Cases (7-day moving average)                                                                                                              New Deaths (7-day moving average)

In short, this is a bitter anniversary. The current public health and socio-economic situation is not where we      Country        Bahrain     Kuwait     Oman        Qatar       Saudi Arabia           United Arab Emirates                                     Country          Bahrain     Kuwait       Oman      Qatar    Saudi Arabia      United Arab Emirates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   60
wanted to be a year on. By now, the expectation was that COVID-19 would be in retreat and the prospect of life
                                                                                                                    New Cases (7-day moving average)                                                                                                              New Deaths (7-day moving average)
going back to normal within reach. Whilst the GCC is a long way from the dire position of Europe or the USA,         4K
                                                                                                                    Country       Bahrain     Kuwait      Oman        Qatar   Saudi Arabia              United Arab Emirates                                      Country         Bahrain     Kuwait       Oman       Qatar   Saudi Arabia      United Arab Emirates

there is some way yet to go to the end of the pandemic and a sustained recovery.                                                                                                                                                                                  60
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   40

                                                                                                                    4K

Figure 2 – GCC COVID-19 cases are substantial and rising in early 2021, but                                          2K
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  40
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   20

rates of mortality are comparatively low against Europe and the Americas
                                                                                                                    2K
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  20
                                                                                                                     0K                                                                                                                                             0
                                                                                                                                            Apr 2020                   Jul 2020                         Oct 2020                                       Jan 2021                       May 2020                Jul 2020          Sep 2020              Nov 2020            Jan 2021
     Total Cases
      1,143,122
                                                                                                                    Total Cases                                                                                                                                   Total Deaths
                                                                                                                    0K                                                                                                                                             0
                                                                                                                                        Apr 2020                      Jul 2020              Oct 2020              Jan 2021                                                           May 2020                Jul 2020          Sep 2020            Nov 2020           Jan 2021
                                                                                                                    Country        Bahrain   Kuwait       Oman         Qatar   Saudi Arabia  United Arab Emirates                                                 Country          Bahrain  Kuwait          Oman      Qatar    Saudi Arabia      United Arab Emirates
     Total Deaths
                                                                                                                                                                                          101,971 (8%)                                                                                                     826 (8%)                372 (4%)
        10,105                                                                                                      Total Cases                                                                                                                                   Total Deaths                                                                  958 (9%)
                                                                                                                                      297,014 (24%)
                                                                                                                    Country       Bahrain     Kuwait      Oman        Qatar   Saudi Arabia              United Arab Emirates                                      Country         Bahrain     Kuwait       Oman       Qatar   Saudi Arabia      United Arab Emirates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     164,108 (14%)
   New Daily Cases                                                                                                                                                                      101,971 (8%)                                                                                                      826 (8%)                372 (4%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1,527 (15%)
        4,514                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 958 (9%)
                                                                                                                                     297,014 (24%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   164,108 (14%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        133,728 (11%)
   New Daily Deaths                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         248 (2%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1,527 (15%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Date
          12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1/29/2020
                                                                                                                                          367,543 (30%)                                                     150,621133,728
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   (12%) (11%)                                                              6,368 (62%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           248 (2%)                    1/29/2021
  Case-Fatality Ratio                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Date
        0.90%                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1/29/2020
                                                                                                                                        367,543 (30%)                                                     150,621 (12%)                                                                 6,368 (62%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1/29/2021

                    3
OUTLOOK 2021: COVID-19 AND TRANSPORT - White Paper Update February 2021 - SNC-Lavalin
INTO THE SECOND YEAR OF THE PANDEMIC
Whilst the early months of 2021 will be hard, there are some grounds for optimism as we head into the second
year of the pandemic.

The development of better therapeutic treatments is a key factor. Survival rates of patients hospitalised with
acute COVID-19 illness are now substantially better than March or April 2020, especially in the GCC where
mortality rates have been consistently low compared to other parts of the world.

The certification of a number of effective vaccines at the end of 2020 is significant gamechanger, especially if
they suppress transmission as well as disease. If the logistical challenges of producing the vaccines at scale,
distributing them to where they need to be and immunising the most vulnerable groups, can be overcome then
it will be possible to substantially reduce hospitalisations and deaths. As countries such as the UAE and UK
rush to rapidly vaccinate their citizens and residents, the prospect is that the second half of 2021 may herald
the beginnings of a sustained removal of restrictions, at least in those regions where mass inoculation covers        Figure 3 – The GCC has commenced mass vaccination of its population
most of the population.
                                                                                                                      Total Vaccinations                                                                                        Total Vaccinations (per 100 inhabitants)
Until then, there is a race between the virus and the pace of vaccination. If vaccine production and distribution     Country         Bahrain     Kuwait       Oman       Saudi Arabia     United Arab Emirates                 Country     Bahrain     Kuwait         Oman         Saudi Arabia     United Arab Emirates
                                                                                                                      3.5M                                                                                                      35
is delayed, there is ambivalence or resistance by significant proportions of the population, or virus mutation
reduces vaccine effectiveness, then return to normality may be delayed.                                                                                                                                             3,114,167                                                                                                      31.49

                                                                                                                      3.0M                                                                                                      30

The first months of 2021 may not therefore be much different from the end of 2020, with matters getting
worse before they get better. However, ultimately, we can now see how the pandemic will end – through                 2.5M                                                                                                      25

mass testing, vaccination, health passporting, a resulting drop in cases and deaths, leading to increased
public confidence and a gradual easing of social restrictions. Experience from previous pandemics suggests                                                                                 1,971,521                                                                                                    19.93

psychologically and behaviourally COVID-19 may end sooner, with people desperate to resume as much as
                                                                                                                      2.0M                                                                                                      20

their “normal” activities as possible once they feel they can do so without significant danger to themselves
and others.                                                                                                           1.5M                                                                                                      15

                                                                                                                                                                               1,275,652                                                                                                 12.90

In the long-term, COVID-19 may remain endemic in many parts of the world, becoming part of the underlying             1.0M                                                                                                      10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  9.98

disease profile of the population, similar to seasonal flu. It will therefore require ongoing monitoring, vigilance
and periodic public health and vaccination campaigns, locally disruptive but falling well short of aggressive
                                                                                                                                                              826,301                                                                                                 8.35

and all-embracing societal shutdowns at a global level.                                                               0.5M                                                                                                       5                                           4.60
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     391,643
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3.45

                                                                                                                                                                              178,337                                169,810
                                                                                                                                                                    137,862                                                                                                                                                       1.12
                                                                                                                                                 58,643                78,291                                                        2.29                                                                                  0.73
                                                                                                                                         2,500                 12,751          18,287                            37,045                        0.06                   0.25 0.40        0.36
                                                                                                                                                                 100,000                                                                                                                      0.51
                                                                                                                      0.0M   38,965      1,717                                                                                   0             0.03                      0.29
                                                                                                                                      Dec 27              Jan 03            Jan 10         Jan 17       Jan 24                              Dec 27           Jan 03                 Jan 10           Jan 17       Jan 24

                4
OUTLOOK 2021: COVID-19 AND TRANSPORT - White Paper Update February 2021 - SNC-Lavalin
TRANSPORT SECTOR RESPONSES
Globally, the pandemic and restrictions on activities within and between countries across the World have
inevitably affected personal mobility and, by implication, reduced access to various destinations and the
demand for transport.

According to mobile data collected by organisations such as Google and Apple, non-residential destinations
in many countries saw falls in excess of 60 to 90 per cent at the time of maximum restrictions during April
and May 2020. Mobility levels have partially recovered in some locations, including the GCC, as facilities have
re-opened, but are still running around 20 to 40 per cent below pre-lockdown levels. Renewed falls in mobility
are also evident, for example in many European cities or within international aviation, as curfews, lockdowns
and travel restrictions have been reimposed to handle new waves of infection since late 2020. It is likely to
be some time before activity returns, impacted by continuation of some direct social restrictions, cessation of
businesses and jobs, the substitution of physical with online activities and, in some cases, the repatriation of
migrant workers to their home countries triggering significant reductions in population.

Figure 4 – Countries are making different degrees of progress in their early
vaccination campaigns

                   Total Vaccinations
                   (per 100 inhabitants)

                   60.0
                                                                                53.8

                   50.0

                   40.0

                                                                                                                                         30.4
                   30.0

                   20.0

                                                                                                                                                                13.1
                          10.0
                   10.0                                                                                                                                                            8.4

                                                      2.0      2.8                       3.0
                                     0.8     1.6                        0.3                                0.5             1.1
                                                                                                 0.1               0.0
                    0.0
                                                              Germany

                                                                        India

                                                                                         Italy

                                                                                                                          Saudi Arabia
                                    Brazil

                                             China

                                                     France

                                                                                Israel

                                                                                                          Mexico

                                                                                                                                         United Arab Emirates
                                                                                                 Kuwait

                                                                                                                   Oman

                                                                                                                                                                United Kingdom
                          Bahrain

                                                                                                                                                                                 United States

               5
Figure 5 – National and localised lockdowns, curfews and other restrictions have had a direct impact on mobility which remains below pre-pandemic levels

                                                                   London                                                                                                                   New York                                                                                                                                   Singapore                                                                                                                 Melbourne
                                           1.0                                                      100                                                             1.0                                                             100                                                                        1.0                                                       100                                                             1.0                                                              100

                                           0.5                                                      50                                                              0.5                                                             50                                                                         0.5                                                       50                                                              0.5                                                              50
            Tomtom Congestion Difference

                                                                                                                                     Tomtom Congestion Difference

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Tomtom Congestion Difference

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Tomtom Congestion Difference
                                                                                                           Google Mobility Indexes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Google Mobility Indexes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Google Mobility Indexes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Google Mobility Indexes
                                           0.0                                                      0                                                               0.0                                                             0                                                                          0.0                                                       0                                                               0.0                                                              0

                                           -0.5                                                     -50                                                             -0.5                                                            -50                                                                        -0.5                                                      -50                                                             -0.5                                                             -50

                                           -1.0                                                     -100                                                            -1.0                                                            -100                                                                       -1.0                                                      -100                                                            -1.0                                                             -100
                                             Jan 2020   Apr 2020   Jul 2020   Oct 2020   Jan 2021                                                                     Jan 2020   Apr 2020   Jul 2020   Oct 2020          Jan 2021                                                                                Jan 2020   Apr 2020    Jul 2020   Oct 2020   Jan 2021                                                                     Jan 2020   Apr 2020    Jul 2020   Oct 2020          Jan 2021

                                                                     Paris                                                                                                                   Milan                                                                                                                                       Dubai                                                                                                                    Riyadh
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Day of the Week                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Day of the Week
                                           1.0                                                      100                                                             1.0                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    100                                                                        1.0                                                       100                                                             1.0                                 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          100
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Friday                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Friday
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Monday                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Monday
1/1/2020    1/29/2021                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1/1/2020   1/29/2021
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Thursday                     Day of the Week                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thursday                     Day of the Week
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Tuesday                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Tuesday
                                           0.5                                                      50                                                              0.5                                                             Multiple
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    50       selections                                                       0.5                                                       50                                                              0.5                                                              Multiple
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          50       selections              
            Tomtom Congestion Difference

                                                                                                                                     Tomtom Congestion Difference

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Tomtom Congestion Difference

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Tomtom Congestion Difference
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Wednesday                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Wednesday
                                                                                                           Google Mobility Indexes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Google Mobility Indexes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Google Mobility Indexes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Google Mobility Indexes
                                           0.0                                                      0                                                               0.0                                                             0                                                                          0.0                                                       0                                                               0.0                                                              0

                                           -0.5                                                     -50                                                             -0.5                                                            -50                                                                        -0.5                                                      -50                                                             -0.5                                                             -50

                                           -1.0                                                     -100                                                            -1.0                                                            -100                                                                       -1.0                                                      -100                                                            -1.0                                                             -100
                                             Jan 2020   Apr 2020   Jul 2020   Oct 2020   Jan 2021                                                                     Jan 2020   Apr 2020   Jul 2020   Oct 2020          Jan 2021                                                                                Jan 2020   Apr 2020    Jul 2020   Oct 2020   Jan 2021                                                                     Jan 2020   Apr 2020    Jul 2020   Oct 2020          Jan 2021

                                                                                                                                                                                                       Day of the Week                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Day of the Week
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Friday                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Monday
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Monday                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sunday
1/1/2020    1/29/2021                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1/1/2020   1/29/2021
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Thursday                     Day of the Week                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thursday                     Day of the Week
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Tuesday                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Tuesday
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Wednesday
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Multiple selections                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Wednesday
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Multiple selections              

                                                         6
Of course, there is well-cited evidence from early 2020 that the slowdown in economic activity had unforeseen
positive consequences. Congestion levels fell, air quality improved, carbon emissions declined; many people
perceived an improved quality of life in working from home and interacting in their local neighbourhoods by
foot or bicycle. There is less evidence that the latest restrictions are having an equivalent positive effect.
Although data is needed to confirm this in due course, some places are may be seeing increases in traffic
levels and associated impacts as people shun public and shared transport in favour of private vehicles. Hence
COVID-19’s environmental dividend is likely to have reduced or be negated over time.
Nevertheless, the transport sector, and the people and organisations within it, continues to have a positive
story to tell in its response to the pandemic. Our early analysis 1 summarised a range of factors which remain
relevant in current circumstances. These relate particularly to keeping transport infrastructure and facilities
open, maintaining the movement of essential goods and services, ensuring the protection of workers and
travellers, and monitoring and managing mobility in line with changing regulations and in collaboration with
agencies from other sectors.

Many of these practices, commenced in the early days of the pandemic, have been continually refined
and optimised based on experience, and in some cases have been reimposed or stepped up in face of the
resurgence of infections. A range of longitudinal research studies is under way, collecting detailed evidence
on sector impacts and responses and helping to develop more robust procedures which may be deployed in
future crises².

As an organization, our experts are proud to have worked with other transport professionals in assisting
the Association of European Transport and the World Road Association, PIARC, in documenting and sharing
emerging good practice3. In the face of the challenges presented by COVID-19, the sector now has increased
knowledge and capacity to better maintain safe and functional networks. These dimensions will be important
in the months and years ahead, responding to the final stages of the pandemic, managing other endemic
pathogens, tackling localised outbreaks and supporting sustained reopening and recovery.

Every country has its own circumstances, but the experience of organisations and individuals working in the
transport sector to respond to the pandemic remains one to be commended. Professionals at all levels have
encountered multiple and complex logistical challenges and turned to a range of measures, modified working
practices and social distancing to protect themselves, users and stakeholders and provide business continuity.
There are numerous stories of employees across all functions carrying on, rising to the challenge, finding
practical work-arounds to short-term challenges and getting the job done. Alongside health workers and
responders in other sectors, they deserve our heartfelt thanks and gratitude for what they have done, and
continue to do, at this time of crisis.
1
    COVID-19 and Transport – White Paper I – SNC-Lavalin.
²
  Future of Transportation - SNC-Lavalin
3
    PIARC | COVID-19: Initial Impacts and Responses to the Pandemic from Road and Transport Agencies

                 7
Table 1 – The transport sector has undertaken key activities and can claim some positive
achievements in its response to the pandemic

          Dimension                                                  Activity and Achievement

         Keeping Transport             Keeping transport infrastructure and networks open, operational, safe and effective at the
         Infrastructure Open           required level of service to safeguard basic connectivity

                                       Regulating and maintaining the movement of essential goods, workers, supplies
         Maintaining Essential
                                       and services, including those necessary for food security, public health, business
         Movements
                                       resilience and industry

                                       Monitoring and managing personal mobility and transport demand including
         Managing Mobility and
                                       social distancing, access regulation and reallocation of capacity to freight,
         the Demand for Transport
                                       active travel and micromobility

         Protecting Health and         Agility in managing a diverse workforce, ensuring the protection, health, hygiene
                                       and safety of staff, especially those in operational roles, contractors,
         Safety on the Frontline
                                       visitors and the public

                                       Connecting, managing & maintaining effectiveness of managerial and administrative staff,
         Achieving Productive
                                       either appropriately regulated within COVID-secure offices or, more predominantly,
         Remote Working
                                       working effectively from home

                                       Planning and scheduling construction, maintenance and other asset and network
         Planning and Managing
                                       management activities in line with changing demand, operational circumstances
         Assets and Networks
                                       and resource availability

         Strengthening Collaboration   Adapting organisational mandates, maintaining collaboration across public agencies and
         and Governance                with supply chain partners, including contract management

         Recognising Long-Term         Planning for longer-term transport sector needs post-COVID-19 including assessing
                                       behavioural change, resilience, scenario planning, financial sustainability and the potential
         Needs beyond the Pandemic
                                       of technology and digitisation

          8
THE FUTURE OF TRANSPORT
By second half of 2021, it is hoped that the pandemic will be “over” in many parts of the world, at least in terms
of public confidence and the need for aggressive public health intervention with acutely negative economic and
                                                                                                                     Figure 6 – We envision eight building blocks for the future of the
social consequences. Delays in distributing vaccines, or the emergence of significant virus mutations, could         transport sector
delay this into 2022, and make it more likely that COVID-19 will endure as an endemic condition requiring
ongoing mitigation and management. Even in this latter instance, however, “normality” is likely to return at            Building Block
some point, although at different times in different places.

With sustained reopening and recovery, the medium- to long-term implications of the pandemic will become
clearer. COVID-19 has introduced a massive shock into a transport system which was already vulnerable
to change. In emerging from the crisis, whilst the focus should rightly be on short-term measures to safely
reconnect people, places and things, we should aim to better organise the sector towards a positive sustainable
and inclusive vision of the future. Recent waves of the pandemic possibly delay, but do not fundamentally alter
the need for, this paradigm shift.

Even before COVID-19, the principles which have shaped transport planning for decades were under pressure.
A focus on road-based private transport, powered by fossil fuels, was increasingly seen as untenable in the
face of growing urbanisation, congestion, environmental degradation, declining natural resources, pressure on
public budgets and an unsustainable contribution to climate change. At the same time, disruptive automation,
smart transit systems, electric powertrains, shared and online service models have emerged within a new
digital paradigm able to provide efficient and inclusive access and connectivity with far fewer externalities and
closer to the carrying capacity of natural ecosystems.

Using new planning concepts, diagnostic tools, data and forms of analysis, COVID-19 now demands that we
reframe our ideas on the future of transport and many of these propositions which have hitherto been on the
periphery. Within the post-pandemic recovery, it is already clear that a range of mega-trends will re-assert
themselves, accelerate and experience a step-change as policy makers, regulators, industry and consumers
look towards cleaner and more liveable built environments, social equity, decarbonisation, flexible and
personalised digital services on demand, as well as fostering innovation as a source of competitive advantage
and wealth creation. This is likely to take place within a substantially stronger and consolidated supplier
market, tested and shaken out during COVID-19, with the private sector providing solutions against policy and
regulatory objectives which recognise the need for resilience to future pandemics and other crises.

                9
Looking beyond the immediate crisis, our reimagined approach to the future of transport comprises eight             Table 2 – Our eight building blocks will come to the fore as the pandemic
cross-cutting building blocks4 which will shape the way forward. These blocks have global relevance and
applicability, although the precise context, problem definition, terminology, order of priority and translation     nears its end
into action will vary by geography. The programmes of activity they give rise to, and the teams to deliver them,
will also be highly localised, although given the continued interconnectedness of the world economy, not
entirely independent.                                                                                                 Building Block                                         Description
                                                                                                                    Embed Sustainability    Alongside planning, regulatory and financial enablers, taking opportunities to “build back
In the GCC, the building blocks are already playing out in a number of localities and contexts. Riyadh Metro,       into Accelerated        better” in assets and facilities, for example incorporating active travel, electric vehicle
due to open shortly, offers a new direction for public transport in Saudi Arabia aligned with Vision 2030, whilst   Infrastructure          charging networks and public transport facilities
planning concepts such as The Line in NEOM offer the potential for a new form of sustainable urban living
without roads or cars. Dubai in the UAE is due to reimagine mobility at Expo 2020, showcase autonomous
                                                                                                                    Drive and Manage        If remote working, e-learning and online shopping remain as permanent behavioural
urban logistics at its Self-Driving Transport Challenge and reconsider urban planning and design around ideas                               changes and business models, understanding the significant implications for demand,
of wellbeing, healthy lifestyles and active travel. The region’s role as a travel hub will demand that enhanced     Digital Connectivity
                                                                                                                                            transport services and organisational management
passenger and employee monitoring, sanitisation and infection control at scale remains a priority for the
aviation sector.
                                                                                                                    Reset Future Mobility   Whilst short-erm Investment may be curtailed, tracking and shaping longer-term trends
                                                                                                                    Technologies and        accelerating technological change as transport consolidates around strong players with
Finally, based on our proposals for New Alliances,5 closer forms of collaborative contracting between project       Services                strategies and resources to drive innovation
sponsors and their supply chain are likely to benefit major project design, construction and operation,
accompanied by increasing digitisation, saving time and cost and improving outcomes for end users.
                                                                                                                    Reaffirm Public         Assisting public transport in regaining its role in supporting local economies, providing social
                                                                                                                    Transport as the        cohesion and promoting sustainability, with investment and innovation needed to meet
One particularly striking impact of the pandemic has been the massive switch from physical face-to-face             Backbone of Mobility    customer needs, evolve resilient business models and integrate with other service providers
interactions to digital transactions and services, ranging from working from home to online shopping, e-learning
and a host of virtual communities. A key question is the extent to which this will continue post-pandemic                                   Going beyond road safety, crime and security, with a new emphasis on public health and
                                                                                                                    Focus on, and
and whether potentially years of incremental technological and behavioural change may be compressed                                         sanitisation, driving new forms of body scanning, personal monitoring, infrastructure and
                                                                                                                    Expand, Transport
into a step-change over the course of months. If so, there are questions over the pros and cons of such a                                   vehicle cleaning procedures at scale, together with an accelerated move to
                                                                                                                    Health and Safety       contactless/cashless transactions
revolution and how it will play out under different scenarios for the future and whether physical offices, retail
stores, schools and universities, and indeed whole city and district centres, reinvent themselves. The latter
                                                                                                                    Redirect Transport      With carbon emissions rebounding, taking tangible actions which drive a shift to sustainable
may revolve around a redefined need for human interaction, vibrant and compelling experiences, heritage                                     transport modes, manage travel demand and support electric powertrains and alternative
and culture, and an attractive public realm, which are difficult if not impossible to replicate online, replacing   towards Credible Net
                                                                                                                                            fuels, with action extending from land transport to credible initiatives in aviation and
                                                                                                                    Zero
the basic exchange of commodities, narrow definitions of economic agglomeration and spatially-proximate                                     maritime
transactions dominated by road-based accessibility.                                                                 Optimise Asset,
                                                                                                                    Supply Chain            Assuring asset and supply chain integrity and optimisation, last-mile movement and
Such considerations will have massive implications for transport, and the demands from which it is derived,                                 deployment of automated and remote operation, as well as making iinfrastructure &
                                                                                                                    Performance &
                                                                                                                                            services, informed by data analytics, adaptable to future shocks
which will need to be carefully tracked, analysed and forecast moving forward. There is a need to identify and      Resilience
realise the opportunities, and manage or control some of the risks. Scenario planning will be important for         Deliver Smart
supporting existing modelling and forecasting techniques in representing and responding to a broader and            Governance,             Reviewing the mandate, operating model and funding of transport agencies, as well as the
                                                                                                                                            basis of regulation, with new opportunities for the private sector to drive investment and
more uncertain range of future possibilities and desired interventions.                                             Regulation and
                                                                                                                                            delivery, within a supportive enabling environment.
                                                                                                                    Collaboration
4
    COVID-19 and Transport – White Paper II – SNC-Lavalin.
5 New Alliances - Collaborative Contracting in the GCC Projects Market – White Paper – SNC-Lavalin.

                10
NOTES ON DATA USED IN THIS UPDATE
Data compilation and analysis presented in this Update have been prepared by Joao Vestia, Transport
Planner, Atkins, a member of the SNC-Lavalin Group.

COVID-19 Data                                                                                                   Tomtom Congestion Index

The country data relative to confirmed number of cases, deaths, tests and vaccinations is obtained from the     The Tomtom Congestion Index provides average congestion levels for each day and each week in 2020. The
Our World in Data datasets, which compiles the data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and         data shown charts the relative difference of average congestion levels in 2020 from standard congestion
Control (ECDC) and is updated daily.                                                                            levels in 2019. Daily and weekly differences are based on weighted averages derived from hourly data.

This dataset also includes a Government Response Stringency Index, based on 17 indicators of government         The data in this note was published on 29 January 2021.
responses such as containment and closure policies, school closures and restrictions in movement, economic
policies, and health system policies such as the COVID-19 testing regime or emergency investments into          Sources:
healthcare. This index is calculated by the Blavatnik School of Government.                                     https://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/traffic-index/,
                                                                                                                https://github.com/ActiveConclusion/COVID19_mobility#tomtom-reports
The data in this Update was published on 30 January 2021.

Sources:
https://github.com/owid/covid-19-data/tree/master/public/data
https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/coronavirus-government-response-tracker

Google Community Mobility Reports

The Google Community Mobility Reports aim to provide insights into what has changed in response to policies
aimed at combating COVID-19. The reports are based on data from users who have turned on the Location
History setting, and chart movement trends over time by geography, across different categories of places
The values charted report the difference in comparison with the baseline day, which represents a normal value
for that day of the week. The baseline day is the median value from the 5‑week period Jan 3 – Feb 6, 2020.

The data in this note was published on 26 January 2021.

Sources:
https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/

              11
WE ARE IN THIS TOGETHER – OUR EXPERTS ARE HERE TO HELP
We remain focused on COVID-19, its impacts on the transport sector and how organisations in the public and private     ›    Accessibility planning, including digital connectivity and services;
sectors are formulating their responses. We place these responses not only in the here and now, but how they
should inform a sustainable economic recovery and meaningful long-term steps towards a reimagined future for           ›    New transport technology, mobility solutions and service models;
people and communities across the World.
                                                                                                                       ›    Infrastructure design, engineering and asset management;
We use our experience to:
                                                                                                                       ›    Operational, resilience and business continuity planning;
›   Provide bespoke diagnostics of transport infrastructure networks, services, organisations and places;
                                                                                                                       ›    Environmental, sustainability and decarbonisation (Net Zero);
›   Use new data platforms, technologies and sources to inform new insights and understand what, how and why;
                                                                                                                       ›    Digital transformation;
›   Develop tailored solutions that meet specific challenges, realise available opportunities and manage known
    and unknown risks;
                                                                                                                       ›    Organisational planning, workplace strategy, manpower planning and capacity building;

›   Advance long-term strategies, whilst remaining agile and prioritising short-term tactical solutions whilst
                                                                                                                       ›    Change management; and
    remaining consistent with the ultimate vision;
                                                                                                                       ›    Financial, commercial and contractual planning and execution.
›   Raise our level of ambition, whilst remaining cognisant of, and seeking to address, the practical constraints;

›   Assign actions, roles and responsibilities to the most appropriate players, position them within the planning
    and delivery cycle and enable collaboration towards shared agendas; and
                                                                                                                        Key Contacts
›   Ensure that plans can be monitored and performance managed to demonstrate and produce the desired
    outcomes.

To achieve these results, we deploy industry-leading advisers and teams to our clients with the following skills and
experience:

›   Policy, strategy and regulation;

›   Scenario analysis and planning for uncertainty;
                                                                                                                           Roger Cruickshank                      Jonathan Spear                        Johanna Staples
                                                                                                                           Acuity Lead, Senior Director,    Transport Policy and Strategy Advisor Associate Director, Transport Advisory
›   Transport demand (and revenue) forecasting and modelling;                                                                   Transport Strategy           Jonathan.spear@atkinsacuity.com       Johanna.staples@atkinsacuity.com
                                                                                                                       Roger.cruickshank@atkinsacuity.com            +971 52 140 3978                       +971 55 312 6599
                                                                                                                                +971 55 300 3925

               12
Other Thought Leadership on COVID-19 and Transport
COVID-19 and Transport, White Paper I       COVID-19 and Transport – Podcast
COVID-19 is unlikely to vanish as quickly   SNC-Lavalin’s global transport experts
as it arrived; there may be several         share their views on the COVID-19 impact
months ahead where we need to manage        on the industry, and how to transition
residual infectivity as the economy, and    from short term recovery to a medium-
the transport system, restarts. After       to-long term transformation.
this current wave of global infection, a
second or even a third wave cannot yet      Hear more
be ruled out. We will need robust, yet
practical, processes, procedures and
technologies to be ready and be able to
respond effectively.

Read more

COVID-19 and Transport, White Paper II      Working on Tomorrow’s Transport, Today – Video
Do we come out of COVID-19 by falling       From accessible transport to utilizing
back on old ways, abandoning new            data, we are taking a technology-led
opportunities, and focusing on legacy       approach to analyze and help shape
infrastructure and services? Or do          the future of transport, by using our
we maintain, or better still redouble,      deep expertise to help deliver better
our efforts to forge a new paradigm         connectivity, increase capacity and
which propels us to a vision of a more      reduce carbon
sustainable, equitable and resilient
mobility system and experience? The         Watch more
answer is self-evident; the best way to
predict the future is to create it.

Read more

                13
About SNC-Lavalin

Founded in 1911, SNC-Lavalin is a fully integrated professional services and project management company with
offices around the world. SNC-Lavalin connects people, technology and data to help shape and deliver world-
leading concepts and projects, while offering comprehensive innovative solutions across the asset lifecycle. Our
expertise is wide-ranging — consulting & advisory, intelligent networks & cybersecurity, design & engineering,
procurement, project & construction management, operations & maintenance, decommissioning and sustaining
capital – and delivered to clients in four strategic sectors: EDPM (engineering, design and project management),
Infrastructure, Nuclear and Resources, supported by Capital.

About Atkins

Atkins (www.atkinsglobal.com) is one of the world’s most respected design, engineering and project management
consultancies, employing over 18,300 people across the UK, North America, Middle East and Africa, Asia Pacific
and Europe. We build long-term trusted partnerships to create a world where lives are enriched through the
implementation of our ideas. You can view Atkins’ recent projects here.

About Atkins Acuity

Acuity is the end-to-end advisory business from Atkins. Atkins Acuity combines management consulting, financing
and technical capabilities to help clients solve complex front- end problems in the built environment. We help to
successfully deliver our clients’ big ambitions for infrastructure and energy, worldwide. We use a results-driven
and engineering-led approach, to make our partnerships higher value and more rewarding. Together, our core
areas of expertise enable us to deliver seamless, results-driven advisory solutions.

                                  People. Drive. Results.
                                   www.snclavalin.com

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