Perspective and challenges for data collection - Population and Housing Census Planning - unece
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2020 Population and Housing Census Planning Perspective and challenges for data collection Mexico
Contents
Background of Censuses in Mexico
Planning the 2020 Census
Georeferencing Statistical Information
Conclusions
Background of Censuses in Mexico
1921 A total of: 2010
• Census • Most recent
postponed due • 13 censuses census in
to the Mexican
Revolution
• 2 population counts the country • Use of basic
and long
1895 • 1 intercensal survey form of
questionnaire
• First census of
national status • “De jure”
• Initiation of • Face-to-face
interview
contemporary
• Printed
censuses questionnaires
• 10-year
periodicity
since 1900
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
1900
• Second national 1995 2005 2015
census • First • Second • Intercensal
Population Population Survey
and Housing and Housing
Count Count
Background of Censuses in Mexico
• The use of technology has allowed to speed up processes and
to reduce the time of results delivery.
• For example:
Almost 2
years 15
months
9
months
1990 2000 2010Planning the 2020 Census
• INEGI will carry out the 2020 Population an Housing Census. For that
year it estimates to find:
Of which
35 million
are expected
to be inhabited.
Between 128 and 130 Between 45 and 46
million inhabitants. million dwellings.Planning the 2020 Census
• Thus, the census operation will look to:
Deepen the knowledge of priority
Enumerate the population and
topics with the application of a
existing dwellings in the country.
long questionnaire (sample).
Obtain information of
Deliver results timely.
optimum quality.
• To achieve this, several technological innovations will be implemented,
such as using mobile devices to collect data.
• This represents an important challenge for INEGI, given the size of
staff structures and the rapid changes in technologies.Planning the 2020 Census
Methodology
• The project is planned to be developed under the following
methodological basis:
Type of census: Proxy respondent
• De jure • The head of the household,
either woman or man, his or
her partner or a resident of
Observation units: 18 years of age or older.
• Residents of the national
territory and private and Data collection period
collective dwellings • March 2020
Questionnaires:
• Short form
• Long form
• Social Assistance
AccommodationsPlanning the 2020 Census
Methodology
Special field operations:
Population in collective dwellings: Accommodations of social
• Hotels, guest houses assistance (CAAS):
• Hospitals, Prisons • Assistance shelters, orphanages
• Military and religious institutions • Rehabilitation centers
Special operations:
• Foreign service Personnel
• Personalities
• Homeless population
Each of the localities under The characteristics of the
5 000 inhabitants, urban environment of each
applying about 100 of the blocks of localities of
questions to an appropriate 5 000 inhabitants or
informant. more.Planning the 2020 Census
Methodology
Special field operations:
Verification:
• Recovery of no-contact result dwellings, Post-enumeration Survey:
reducing undercoverage. • One month after data collection .
• Verify the correct classification of • Obtain the measurement of coverage at
uninhabited and temporary use dwellings. national level.Planning the 2020 Census
Methodology
• Regarding data collection methods, the following strategies will be
implemented:
• Face to face interview
using mobile devices
(Main strategy).
• Internet
self-enumeration.
• Telephone-assisted
interview.Planning the 2020 Census
Organization
• INEGI has a permanent structure in charge of the design and
management of statistical information projects. The central structure
is responsible of defining the operation strategies, coordinated and
executed through the territorial structure, composed by:
10 34
State
Regional
Coordination
Directorates
Offices
(DR)
(CE)
• For the Census, temporary staff is hired in each CE and offices are
established at municipal level.
• It is estimated that the operation structure will be of approximately
200 thousand people.Planning the 2020 Census
Organization
• Main activities established in the program:
2017 2018 2019 2020
• Approach of • Planning and • Statistical design of the • Data collection of
census scenarios. execution of census sample. urban environment
• Public consultation thematic tests. • Cartographical update in characteristics and
for questionnaires • Definition of the rural Basic localities under
content and conceptual Geostatistical areas. 5 000 inhabitants.
methodology. framework and data • Statistical design of • Launching of the
• Definition of the collection post-enumeration Census.
census project. instruments. survey. • Post-enumeration
• Tests of • Pilot census. • Recruitment and operation.
operational • Bidding for the selection of personnel. • Information
procedures. purchase of mobile • Training of operational processing.
devices for data staff. • Generation of results
collection. and figures release.
• Beginning of
communication • Publication of
campaign. results.Planning the 2020 Census Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) • This method will be the main strategy for field enumeration for this census. Previous experiences: • CEMABE 2013 • Economic Censuses, 2014 • Agricultural Censuses and Surveys • Household Surveys • Economic Surveys • Government Censuses
Planning the 2020 Census
Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI)
•
•
Advantages
Reduction in data collection times.
Faster publication of results.
Disadvantages
• High investment in mobile
computing devices (MCD).
• Elimination of paper work. • Short life of MCD, as well as rapid
changes in technologies.
• Implementation of certain data
integrity controls. • Exposure to robberies in high-risk
places.
• Online monitoring.
• Sensitivity to extreme weather
• Elimination of the traditional conditions.
capture structure.
• Risk of technical failures.
• Requirement of additional
information security measures.Planning the 2020 Census
Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI)
Characteristics of computer equipment
Equipment used in previous events:
• Mini laptops with technical • While these have been useful in previous
10.1” characteristics sufficient
operations, INEGI has decided to look for
for their use in the field.
• The model has a solid and cheaper and lighter equipment.
scarcely showy case,
therefore unattractive for
robbery.
Equipment planned to be used for
the 2020 Census:
• Tablets whose suitable
characteristics will be
7-8” determined from the results
of technical and operational
tests.Planning the 2020 Census
Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI)
Subsequent use of the MCDs
• Technological changes, as well as the useful life and storage costs
of equipment, make the use of the about 200 thousand MCDs
impossible even in the next intercensal event.
Possible solutions and alternatives
Bring Your Own Device Other projects and CAPI + PAPI
(BYOD) agreements
• Pen And Paper
• Solves the problem
of subsequent use.
• Around 20% of
MCDs will be used
Interviewing in
special cases:
• Technical
complications from
in other INEGI
projects.
• High risk areas.
• Equipment
wide diversity of • Agreements with failure.
equipment. other government • Battery
• Information security
implications arise.
agencies will be
sought.
exhaustion.Planning the 2020 Census
Self-enumeration alternatives
Secondary collection strategies In the following cases
Delivery of invitation if by
Computer Assisted Telephone
the 3rd visit the interview
Interviewing (CATI)
has not been achieved.
Computer Assisted Web
Interviewing (CAWI) If the informant makes
the express request
for self-enumeration.
• INEGI is currently working on the
Initial strategy in blocks
appropriate operating procedures with more than 75% of
and tests to keep data collection dwellings with Internet
connection.
times and coverage unaffected.
• The strategy will be tested in October Zones with
2017, also the application will be restricted access.
compatible with multiple devices.Planning the 2020 Census
Challenges or the use of CAPI strategy
Climatological challenges: Social challenges:
• Extreme conditions for MCD. • Insecurity.
• Intense heat. • Restricted access zones.
• Rain, humidity, dust. • Social conflicts.
Technological challenges:
• Information security in MCD.
• Safe transmissions to central servers.
• Backups and recovery.
• Updates.
• Technical support.Georeferencing Statistical Information
National Geostatistical Framework (MGN)
• Designed and created by INEGI
in 1978, this framework
georeferences statistical
information of censuses
and surveys.
123-4
• It is periodical updating guarantees
• In this system, each
the coverage and correct geographic
geostatistical area has
reference of information, plus it has
a unique key in the
evolved to digital versions available
national territory.
for free online.
• Once data collection is
achieved, it is used to publish
results and geostatistical
systems such as SCINCE* and
the National Housing Inventory. * 2010 System for the Consultation
of Census Information.Georeferencing Statistical Information
Use of QR Codes
Lessons learned from the Plans for the 2020 Population
2015 Intercensal Survey and Housing Census
• They allowed questionnaires control: • Paper questionnaires (for exception
cases) will have QR codes, which will
From reception and distribution be read through the camera of mobile
in the field, devices for questionnaire control.
to their delivery to data capture
centers,
• Labels to be placed in dwellings will
to their storage in regional also have QR codes, to assign a
or state warehouses. unique key to each dwelling in the
country, and therefore to allow
unequivocal identification during
• They enabled linking each verification and post-enumeration.
questionnaire to the dwellings in
the building list, making it possible
to monitor them in every stage, and • Self-enumeration notices will have
to ensure the correct association QR codes containing the URL to the
of information and geographical census web system, as well as the user
areas. and password linked to the dwelling.Georeferencing Statistical Information
Use of Global Positioning System (GPS)
Dwellings location Operations
monitoring
• Using the GPS in
MCDs, INEGI will
register coordinates
of dwellings during
field operations.
• To overcome precision
problems, Tests will be
conducted during 2017, • To monitor enumeration
anticipating the correction by verifying interviews
of points to at least the are conducted in the
correct block. assigned work areas.Conclusions • INEGI has traditionally sought the incorporation of technological innovations to statistical project processes, to make them more efficient and improve data quality. • For the 2020 Census, the use of mobile devices for data collection is one of the most important technological innovations planned. • The challenges this implies, are being analyzed and evaluated. • Tests will be taken to insure that innovations lead to a tangible benefit in terms of information production: reliability, opportunity and cost reduction. • INEGI seeks the modernization of its processes, promoting actions that, complementary to the 2020 Census, contribute to the use of administrative records for statistical production.
Thank you for your attention! @inegi_informa INEGI Informa
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