Euro-Argo : a new European Research change
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Euro-Argo : a new European Research
Infrastructure for climate change
research and operational oceanography
P.Y. Le Traon and Euro-Argo partners
Brest, June 28, 2011
« The future of the 21st century ocean »
oordinator:
Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - France
Outline
Why do we need Argo and Euro-Argo ?
The Euro-Argo preparatory phase
The Euro-Argo long term organisation
Conclusions
Argo: the first global real time in-situ ocean observing system
3000 profiling floats worldwide measuring the temperature
and salinity to a depth of 2000 m.
Maintaining the array’s size in the coming decades is the next challenge
for Argo. This is essential for GMES Marine Service (operational
oceanography), ocean and climate research
Argo is a long-term global array integrated with other
elements of the climate observing system to:
detect climate variability from seasonal to decadal scales and
provide long-term observations of climate change in the
oceans. This includes regional and global changes in temperature
and ocean heat content, salinity and freshwater content, sea level
and large scale ocean circulation.
provide data to constrain global and regional ocean analysis and
forecasting models, to initialize seasonal and decadal
forecasting ocean/atmosphere coupled models and to validate
climate models.
provide information necessary for the calibration and validation of
satellite data
Evolution of Argo for the next decade
Proven concept. Transition from
research to sustained
operational mode. 800 to 900
floats per year to be deployed.
Evolution of instrumentation (data
transmission, hardware, lifetime)
The array needs to evolve over
time. Extending the core mission.
Under ice
Marginal seas
Sampling
Deep ocean
New sensors: towards
biogeochemistry and Bio-Argo
(Oxygen, Chl-a, Nitrate, Carbon)
Euro-Argo : A new European Research Infrastructure
European contribution to a global ocean observatory
A significant component of the global Argo array of 3.000 floats in operations
Requires strong international and European cooperation
Proposal : Europe establishes an infrastructure for ¼ of the global array
o Requirement : 250 floats per year including regional enhancements
(Nordic seas, Mediterranean&Black seas) (about 50 floats per year for
regional enhancements)
Dual use : operational oceanography (GMES) and climate
Euro-Argo and Climate Change
The oceans have a fundamental influence
on our climate and weather
Over the past 50 years, the oceans have
absorbed more than 80% of the Earth warming
due to the anthropogenic increase of
greenhouse gas concentration
Argo is a unique system to monitor heat
and salt transport and storage, ocean
circulation and global overturning
changes and to understand the ability of
the ocean to absorb excess CO2 from the
atmosphere.
One of the Argo’s most important contributions is a huge
improvement in estimations of heat stored by the oceans
A key factor to gauge global warming and gain a better understanding of the
mechanisms behind rising mean sea level.
Global ocean heat content and mean steric sea level variations derived from
Argo data (2005-2010) (Von Schuckmann and Le Traon, 2011)
Deep Convection in the North Atlantic (thermohaline
circulation and meridional heat transport)
Vage et al., Nature, 2009
3 Argo floats in the Labrador Sea observing new deep
convection event in Winter 2007/2008 (Vage et al., 2009)
Impact of Argo data for seasonal prediction (ECMWF)
1o ORA-S3
ECMWF’s Seasonal
Prediction System
6-year OSEs producing
1-7 month forecasts
(2001-2006)
Balmaseda, M. A., and D. Anderson
All contribute different information. (2008) Impact on initialization
strategies and observations on
seasonal forecast skill.
Geophys. Res. Letters
Argo is particularly important for 10
seasonal prediction.Using Argo data to initialise decadal climate
prediction models (Hadley Centre, UK)
• A set of idealised experiments
designed to test the potential skill
of decadal forecasts when
initialised with 2000-m Argo T & S
• Examining predictability of surface climate
data. Preliminary results are
variables (such as SST) reveals that assimilating presented.
full-depth T & S is more skilful than 2000-m. This
suggests that decadal predictions would benefitWhen predicting the variability in
from deeper ocean Argo measurements (right).the MOC (Meridional Overturning
Circulation), assimilating 2000-m
data compares favourably with
full-depth assimilation over 15
year forecasts (left).Euro-Argo and operational oceanography
The GMES Marine Service
Combining in situ and satellite data, with models to deliver regular and
systematic reference information on the state of the oceans and regional seas.
Argo is a critical component. Single most important in-situ observing system
Physical state of the ocean, and
primary ecosystem
For global ocean, and main
European basins and seas
Hindcast, Nowcast, Forecast
Data, Assimilation and Models
http://www.myocean.eu.org/Euro-Argo:an essential component of the GMES Marine Service
Impact of Argo data for GMES
• Two experiments performed (Mercator Ocean) :
– REFERENCE run assimilated all obs (SLA, SST, T/S)
– NO_TS run assimilated only (SLA, SST)
Temperature : Rms of the differences between the in-situ
profiles and the model 7-days forecast
REFERENCE NO_TS
0 1.25 2.5 °C
• Instantaneous development of large biases (0.3 °C) in the 300-700 m layer
• Over time, at deeper depths, the model drifts from the climatologyEuro-Argo Preparatory Phase
Euro Argo Preparatory Phase
(January 2008- June 2011)
FP7 project. New European research infrastructure
(ESFRI roadmap)
Objectives :
• Undertake the work needed to ensure that Europe will be able to:
▫ Deploy, maintain and operate an array of 800 floats. This will require
Europe to deploy 250 floats per annum worldwide.
▫ Provide a world-class service to the research (climate) and operational
oceanography (GMES Marine Core Service) communities.
Main expected outcomes :
• Agreement for long term (10-20 years) operation of Euro-Argo (financial, legal
and governance, organisation, technical). Member States and GMES.
see http://www.euro-argo.eu/Euro Argo Preparatory Phase partnership
12 countries, 15 partners
• France: IFREMER (Coriolis
consortium) and SHOM
• Germany: BSH and KDM
• UK : Met Office and NERC.
• Netherlands: KNMI
• Spain: IEO
• Italy: OGS
• Ireland: Marine Institute
• Norway : IMR
• Portugal : FCCUL
• Greece : HCMR
• Bulgaria : USOF
• Poland : IOPASMain outcomes of the Euro-Argo preparatory
phase (www.euro-argo.eu)
1/ Key components of the infrastructure have been improved (float
technology, new biogeochemical sensors, data processing system and
QC procedures)
2/ Links with users : user conferences, training sessions
3/ Agreement on the long-term organisation of Euro-Argo and its
future legal structure (Euro-Argo ERIC). Long term national plans for
Euro-Argo have been developed and new countries have joined Argo.
4/ We have worked with GMES, DG Research, DG Mare and EEA (GISC
project) to set up a direct long term support from the EC.Euro-Argo active floats (GDAC) versus total Argo floats (from AIC)
3500
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E uro A rgo
1500
Argo
1000
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Euro-Argo target is 800 active floats (about 500 floats today – will
improve in the coming years but EC direct support is needed)Costs and long-term funding issues
Funding issues
Euro-Argo estimation of costs/year
Category Unit Number Cost
cost (k€)
(k€)
Float procurement
Global (assumes standard Argo float) 14 200 2800 Includes extra
Regional (assumes enhanced floats) 17 50 850
Operations
staff for
Telecommunications 0.4 800 320 processing,
Personnel for management/coordination 100 5 500 operation and
Personnel for technical/logistic support 100 6 600 coordination
Misc (e.g. freighting) 0.2 250 50
Equipment and consumables 50
Dedicated ship time 300 This estimation
Data management does not include
Personnel 100 19 1900 evolution of Argo
Equipment, other 100 core mission
Euro-Argo central infrastructure (CI)
Personnel for management/coordination 100 2 200
(2 Meuros/year)
Personnel for technical/logistic support 100 3 300
Missions (users workshops, board, council), equipment, etc. 100
International infrastructure support
Support to Argo Information Centre 40
Support for Argo Project Office/Director 30
Total 8140Funding issues
Estimation of Euro Argo cost is about 8.2 Meuros/year (250 floats+ 35 FTE/y). Based on planned
Member States contributions (4-5 Meuros/year), a direct EC funding (through GMES ) of
about 3.3 Meuros/year focused on activities of European relevance is needed.
Category Member States EC TOTAL
Float procurement
Global 1400 1400 2800
Regional 850 850
Operations
Telecommunications 160 160 320
Personnel for management/coordination 500 500
Personnel for technical/logistic support 600 600
Misc (e.g. freighting) 50 50
Equipment and consumables 50 50
Dedicated ship time 300 300
Data management (part of GMES Marine Core
Service)
Personnel 950 950 1900
Equipment, other 50 50 100
Euro-Argo central infrastructure (CI)
Personnel for management/coordination 200 200
Personnel for technical/logistic support 300 300
Missions (users workshops, board, council), equipment, 50 50 100
etc
International infrastructure support
Support to Argo Information Centre 40 40
Support for Argo Project Office/Director 30 30
Total without MCS 3850 2280 6140
Total with MCS 4860 3280 8140Euro-Argo long-term organization
Organisation of the Euro-Argo RI
The RI will comprise :
A central facility (Central RI)
Distributed national facilities (as of today but with coordination via the C-RI)
Floats will be procured through the C-RI and through national facilities
The Central RI will be a European legal entity (Euro-Argo ERIC) that will be
initially hosted by France. Members are governments.
Plays the coordination role and participates actively in the programme :
Float procurement, deployments, array monitoring
Expertise on all aspects of the programme
It hosts the :
Programme Manager
the RI Office
Logistics coordinator and facilities : technical support, storage, testing,
shipping, etcOrganisation of the Euro-Argo RI
The Governance of the Euro-Argo ERIC
Local Host for
Euro-Argo ERIC
France (Ifremer,
Brest)
Members:
Bulgaria, France,
Germany, Greece,
Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Spain,
United Kingdom
Observers:
Ireland, Poland,
Portugal
,
http://www.euro-argo.euStatus of the Euro-Argo ERIC application
• Statutes, technical & scientific description have been validated:
▫ Members: Germany, UK,France,Italy,Netherlands,
Greece,Spain, Bulgaria, Norway (TBC)
▫ Observers: Ireland, Poland, Portugal
▫ Contributions of different countries have been defined
Float procurement, contribution to the data system
▫ Hosting institution for the ERIC : France (Ifremer)
• French Government has completed the validation of the Euro-Argo
ERIC application (recognition as an international body, VAT exemption)
• Next step: send the official application (French ministry of research) and
validation at EC level.
• Setting up of the ERIC and its governance bodies (council, management
board, scientific and technical advisory group, user group): January 2012Conclusion
The very objective of Euro-Argo is to ensure a long term
contribution of Europe to a global ocean observing system
European level is needed : improved
efficiency in all implementation aspects
⇒We have defined, agreed and are setting up
a new European legal structure and
organization.
⇒This will allow EU member states to better
coordinate, consolidate and sustain their
contribution to Argo international. Agreements
are at ministerial level and this will help to
ensure long term sustainability.
⇒Good progress to agree on the required
direct EC (GMES – EEA GISC) contribution to
Euro-Argo. Decision is now needed.Thank you !
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