LTE: What is it about and why do you care? Mark Madden - Regional VP, North American Utilities September 2012
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
LTE: What is it about and why do you care?
Mark Madden
Regional VP, North American Utilities
September 2012
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011
LTE – What is it?
Long-Term Evolution, often referred to as a 4G GSM/UMTS HSPA+
technology, is an open standards, wireless GSM/EDGE UMTS/HSPA+
broadband network technology GSM/EDGE L
TD-SCDMA
T
IP-based: Can support any enterprise DO-Rev A
application E
DO-Rev A B/A+
High Speed: Data rates up to 326 Mb/s WIMAX
Flexible: Supports both fixed and mobile
All roads lead to LTE
applications
Long-life: Broad carrier acceptance nearly guarantees a 15+ year life span
Economical: Emerging mass-market ecosystem massively reduces device cost
Open Standards: Non-proprietary protocols insure competitive vendor eco-
system
Emerging utility standard of choice – all vendor product roadmaps lead to LTE
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011
LTE compelling performances
Latency Reduction •Low latency enables fast channel
•65 ms adaptation therefore allowing high
•60 ms
speed applications
•50 ms •50 ms
•10 ms
HSPA RevA/RevB HSPA+ WiMAX LTE HD TV
User
Higher Peak throughput created
content
Multi-screen
•326 Mbps
Gaming
Smart Grid
•173 Mbps
More…
•42 Mbps
•36 Mbps •High peak throughput enables rich
•14 Mbps •15 Mbps
content applications over LTE
HSPA RevB WiMAX HSPA+ LTE 20MHz LTE 20MHz
5MHz 5MHz 10MHz 5MHz MIMO2x2 MIMO4x4
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011
All technologies have an upgrade path to LTE
GERAN 4G ITU
GSM/EDGE Evolutions 100 Mb/s
(full mobility)
TD-SCDMA 1Gb/s
TD-SCDMA
TDMA evolution
evolution-tbc (hotspot)
All candidates
OFDM, MIMO &
W-CDMA / All IP
HSPA HSPA+
LTE R8/R9 LTE R10
FDD/TDD FDD/TDD
EVDO
CDMA CDMA 1X
Rev A/B
BWA/OFDMA WiMAX 16d
WiMAX 16e
TDD ?
WiMAX 16m
TDD/FDD
Deployed Arriving Next step •Evolution routes
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011
LTE – What will it do for a Utility
LTE promises a single long-term network and technology approach for broadband
connectivity to nearly all of Consumer’s distributed field assets
Avoids the duplicative costs of
geographically redundant, purpose-built
networks by integrating the
communications of:
Meter Collectors
Substations
Pole-mounted and remote intelligent
devices
Field workforce
Critical Mobile Data initially
Future Land Mobile Radio replacement
Distributed Energy Resources
Enterprise Voice and Data
Video Surveillance
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011
Smart Grid Applications
Typical End-to-End Delay Requirements
Delay
Allowance Priority
Application (minimum)
•Capacity considerations ms 0-max
may limit high rate 100-min
250 ms < Delay < 1 s
video streaming AMI - priority 300 70
(surveillance) CCTV stream - normal 400 75
to on-demand in PMU (class C) 500 80
portions Some Transformer Protection and Control 500 80
of service territory Applications
Enterprise data - other 500 80
1 s
Smart Grid Applications
Typical End-to-End Delay Requirements
Delay
Allowance Priority
Application (minimum)
ms 0-max
100-min
Delay
Individual Application Traffic*
Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 4 Scenario 5
Scenario 3
Dense Urban Dense Urban Subarban Rural area
e q. s Urban area
R bp area with area without area with without
c k with meter
a ffi in meter meter
concentrators
meter meter
Tr concentrators concentrators concentrators concentrators
Normal 1,651 1,722 1,504 1,630 3,302
Total
Critical 3,439 3,426 3,112 2,936 4,321
Traditional Normal 165 165 95 140 236
SCADA Critical 138 138 79 116 98
Synchr- Normal 221 221 221 331 993
ophasors Critical 182 182 182 272 817
Normal 826 826 826 826 1,651
CCTV
Critical 1,238 1,238 1,238 1,238 2,064
Mobile WF Normal 16 16 16 16 16
(PTT - VoIP) Critical 161 161 129 81 81
Mobile WF Normal 0 0 0 0 0
(video) Critical 550 550 550 550 550
Normal 154 225 77 77 139
AMI
Critical 154 140 77 77 86
New Smart Normal 32 32 32 48 64
Grid Elements Critical 27 27 27 40 54
Enterprise Normal 113 113 113 97 97
VoIP Critical 435 435 371 274 274
Enterprise Normal 124 124 124 96 105
Data Critical 554 554 459 287 296
•* Using “rough order of magnitude” computations based on worst case assumptions and simple models assuming cell average uplink (10+10) =
18Mb/s, downlink = 36Mb/s in a 3 sector cell
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011
EPS QoS Parameters
Per bearer (or bearer aggregate) QoS parameters:
QoS Class Identifier (QCI)
A scalar that is used as a reference to node-specific parameters that control packet
forwarding treatment (e.g. scheduling weights, admission thresholds, queue management
thresholds, link layer protocol configuration, etc.), and that have been pre-configured by the
operator owning the node, e.g. eNodeB
•For admission control, i.e. not used
Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP) by eNodeB scheduler
The primary purpose or ARP is to decide if a bearer establishment/modification request can
be accepted or rejected in case of resource limitation
Maximum Bit Rate (MBR) – Per GBR bearer
Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) – Sums all non-GBR bearers per terminal/APN
•e.g.VoIP using GBR
•QoS 1 •SDF (service data
•SDF (service data •QoS control of
flow) •EPS Bearer 1 flow)
individual flows is
also possible via
•UE
•QoS 2 •e.g.ftp, http using non-GBR
deep inspection e.g.
to throttle rates
•SDF (service data •EPS Bearer 2 •SDF (service data with no change in
flow) flow) Bearer QoS
•all flows get similar treatment (scheduling
•Bearer level QoS parameters are always assigned by the EPC policy, queue management policy, etc.)
• MME or eNB cannot modify the bearer level QoS parameter values •Traffic Filter Templates at both UE and PGW
are responsible for distributing SDFs between
• QoS parameter values can, however, be modified by the EPC EPS bearers
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011
QoS Standardized QCI Characteristics*
•Maximum
•SDF priorities between PCEF and
UE
•2 •Conversational
G •GBR
•GBR
•Streaming
•GBR
•Interactive
•3
G •GBR
•Background
•Non-GBR
•Non-GBR
•Non-GBR
• From: 4 classes in UMTS and CDMA
To: 9 classes (QCI) in LTE
•Non-GBR
•Non-
GBR
•*Standardizing QCI characteristics ensures minimum level of QoS for mapped applications e.g. in case of roaming or
with multi-vendor equipment
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011Example Utility Application Priority Characteristics
Application GBR QCI ARP MBR AMBR
Traditional Yes 2 High 2-20kb/s N/A
SCADA
Synchro- Yes 6 Med High ~300kb/s N/A
Phasors
CCTV No 9 Low N/A 500kb/s
MWF VoIP Yes 2&3 Med High to 24kb/s
PTT* High
MWF Video ** No & Yes 9&2 Low to Med 256kb/s 500kb/s
High
AMI No 9 Low N/A 225kb/s
New SGE No 6 Low N/A 100kb/s
Ent. Voice Yes 3 Med 400kb/s N/A
Ent. Data No 9 Med Low 500kb/s
•* Multiple bearers with different priority levels dependant on bearer requirements (e.g emergency voice gets high ARP, normal PTT med ARP)
** Normal operations assumes little to no (best effort) MWF video. Critical operation raises priority, but can be rate limited.
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011Spectrum: Impact of Frequency Band
Higher Frequencies Lower Range More Sites Needed
1 Site ~5.3 Sites ~11.8 Sites
700 MHz 1.8 GHz 3.5/3.65 GHz
Canadian utilities using 1.8 GHz band
Takes ~12 times more base stations to cover
an area at 3.65 GHz compared to 700 MHz
Higher Deployment
Higher Frequencies and Operations Costs
12 | Field Area Network for Smart Grid | February 2010 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011RAN Sharing with Distributed Core Architecture:
Opportunity in the US to Share 700MHz with Public Safety. Canada Next?
National Ops Center
Regional LTE management
Clock Joint Ops Center
server
DHCP server Regional PS Network
(for eNodeB) Operator A
OAM
S1-MME PCRF
7450-7710-
OAM 7210 HSS
S1 (IPSEC) MME
Aggregation IPSEC SGW
Access GW
& backhaul
PGW
1 VLAN per CN
operator ELINE or VPLS per
CN operator
Utility Network
Capacity sharing IPSEC GW
Operator B-Z
per CN operator L2 connection.
E.g. VLAN per SGW PGW
CN operator
Rate limiting per forwarding Rate limiting per
class per CN operator DL CN operator DL
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011Avoiding Congestion -- Managing Capacity With Small Cells
On a façade On a pole On a lamppost In a bus stop
•14
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011Radically Changing Network Architecture
•Today •Tomorrow
Lighter sites
•15
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011Increasing Capacity, Eliminating Congestion
Hypothetical Architectural Example
•Macro Cell Small Cell
•12000 Talkers*
•120 Talkers 78mbLTE Network Architecture – Initial Deployments, Data Only
ePC
Management
IP address
eNB Offline management,
IP address
Management Charging DHCP, DNS
management
5780 8650
8615 9471 DSC SDM VitalQIP VitalQIP
9453 5620
IeCCF MME (PCRF) (HSS) (for NE) (for UE)
XMS SAM
7750 SR
7705 SAR-F
9412
eNodeB Ethernet
Access
Transport
Utility Services
Network
7750 SR 7750 SR
SGW PGW
7750 SR
(Standby)
9412 9500 MPR Others
eNodeB Backhaul
transport
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011LTE Network Architecture – Longer Term (with IMS, SMS, Roaming,…)
Subscriber Multimedia
Management Messaging Session
Management
IMS SMS & Telephony
Future Management App Server
Critical Mobile VitalQIP
Voice
8950 5110 5100 (DNS/ 5020
1300 5450 ISC/ 7510
XMC SAM SMSC CMS ENUM) 5420 CTS 5900 MGC-8
MGW
MRF
PSTN/
PLMN
IMS AAA for
roaming with
SS7 eHRPD
8650
5780 SDM
8615 9471 DSC (HSS/ VitalQIP VitalQIP 8950
9453 5620 AAA
IeCCF MME (PCRF) HLR) (for NE) (for UE)
XMS SAM
LMR IO P25 and other
5140 Gateway LMR
7705 SAR-F 7750 SR BMC
9412
eNodeB Ethernet
Access
Transport
Utlity Services
Network
7750 SR 7750 SR
SGW PGW
7750 SR
(Standby)
9500 MPR Others
Broadcast
Message Ctr
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011Summary
All Open Standards PTMP Roads Lead to LTE
Improved Latency, Coverage and Capacity
Increases the Number and Type of Applications That Can Be Supported on a
Single Network
Licensed Spectrum is Required
1.4MHz to 20Mhz Channels
No 1800MHz Profile – yet
For a converged 1800MHz network, IC will need to approve mobile applications
Lower Frequencies are Better
700MHz Ideal
Technology Promotes Graceful Sharing with Other Entities (e.g. Public Safety)
Shared Networks Have a Lower Cost to Each Partner
Small Cells Vastly Expand Capacity – Congestion can be prevented
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2011
You can also read
