PRE FEASIBILITY REPORT - Environment Clearance
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(A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP WITH GOVERNMENT OF KERALA)
PRE FEASIBILITY REPORT
Netherlands Airport Consultant
KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Table of contents Page No.
Executive Summary 3-7
Consultants of Project Report 7-8
Introduction 9–10
Scope of the study 11
Method followed for the study 12
Why Aranmula International Airport 13
Aviation scenario 14
Past trend 16
Future trend – the driving factors 17-18
Highlights of Government Policies and Supports 18
A Socio-Economic Overview 19
Population 20
Pilgrim Centers 21-22
Tourist Centers 23-26
Industry and Commerce 26
Professional Educational Centers 27
Who is behind the project 28-32
How is the Project going to be executed 33-34
Approvals Required for Aerodrome 34-35
Technical feasibility 36-38
Meteorological data 39
Runway orientation 39
Ground features 40
Obstacle study 40-41
Airport Features 41-49
Traffic Analysis 50-52
Financials 53-57
Master Plan 58
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KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Executive Summary
OVERVIEW:
Aranmula is about 120 Km north of T h i r u v a n a n t h a p u r a m ,
capital city of Kerala, and 140 Km South of Cochin. It is in located in
Pathanamthitta District, which has a huge concentration of Non Resident
Indian a n d Non Resident Keralites population. Aranmula International
airport intends to be a fully privatized International airport in Central
Travancore providing high end aerodrome facilities. The airport is being
developed by KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd.
The Aranmula International Airport at a glance
An International Airport, on a PPP/ BOO Model is being setup in 500
Acres of land in Aranmula, Pathanamthitta District, the Pilgrimage
Capital of Kerala situated between Kochi and Thiruvanathapuram at a
project cost of Rs.2,000 Crores. The first phase involving construction of
airport and it’s facilities entails a Project Cost of Rs.550 Crores.
The Airport proposes to serve a population fof 50 lacs in the Districts of
Pathanamthitta, Allepey, Kottayam and Idukki.
The density of population in Pathanamtitta and adjoining districts
necessitate an airport for Central Travancore. The number of Non Resident
Keralites in Gulf and other countries will be greatly benefitted by the
location of the proposed airport.
Kerala, amongst all the Indian States, attracts the highest density of air
travel. One in every three Keralites fly every year as compared to one in
ten in the rest of India.
Air Traffic has multiplied more than 5 times in the last 10 years
(2004 to 2014) in Kerala. It has increased from 2 Million to 11 Million
passengers per annum.
The proposed site offers a gateway to Sabarimala, which attracts 5 Crores
devotees annually. The shrine is only 1 hour from the airport facilitating
same day arrival, darshan and departure in the evening for devotees from all
parts of India. Sabarimala is the 2nd most visited shrine in India and the 3rd
most visited shrine in the world.
When international flights are taken into account, Kochi, Kozhikode and
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KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Trivandrum are ranked at 4th, 7th and 8th busiest airport in the
country.Taking into account all flights ( domestic plus international) Kochi,
Trivandrum and Kozhikode Airports in Kerala are ranked as the 7th, 11th
and 12th busiest Airport in the country.
Tourists heading towards Kumarakom, Alapuzha will find the location of
this airport as most convenient for their itinerary
Government of Kerala has 10% equity in this project and nominating
a director to the board.
Government of Kerala is providing around 50 acres of Government
land to the project.
One of the major Publi c Se c to r Oil Company is likely to set up fuel
farm of the airport.
The terminal building is designed to handle 1000 passengers at a time.
The Aranmula International Airport is designed to cater to A i r b u s A-
320/ Boeing 737 and other wide bodied aircraft.
“First Private International Airport in India”, a paper presented in
“International Aviation Conference” was much appreciated by all
participants including all airlines and airports.
Budget airlines like Indigo and AirAsia in the domestic sector and Tiger
Airways are mainly looking for Non Metro Airports to tap the market
potential.
The airport will be operated by one of the reputed Airport Operators,
DNata (a subsidiary of Emirates Airlines), Fraport (Germany), Aeroports de
Paris or Changi ( Singapore).
This International Airport Project will generate direct and indirect
employment to more than 6000.
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KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
As per the latest surve y, each flight generates 600 employments
directly or indirectly.
The majority of NRI passengers and NRK passengers of Trivandrum &
Kochi Airport originate within 50 K.Ms. radius of this site. 25% of the
Kerala air traffic ( domestic + international ) hail from the influential zone
of the airport.
TRAFFIC:
Global Traffic
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) released its first 20-year
global passenger growth forecast, projecting that passenger numbers are
expected to reach 7.3 billion by 2034. That represents a 4.1% average
annual growth in demand for air connectivity that will result in more than a
doubling of the 3.3 billion passengers expected to travel this year.
Among the highlights of the report is the expectation that China will overtake
the United States as the world’s largest passenger market (defined by traffic
to, from and within) by 2030. Both markets, however, are expected to remain
the largest by a wide margin. In 2034 flights to, from and within China will
account for some 1.3 billion passengers, 856 million more than 2014 with an
average annual growth rate of 5.5%. Traffic to, from and within the US is
expected to grow at an average annual growth rate of 3.2% that will see 1.2
billion passengers by 2034 (559 million more than 2014).
The report, the first from the new IATA Passenger Forecasting service,
produced in association with Tourism Economics, analyzes passenger flows
across 4,000 country pairs for the next 20 years, forecasting passenger
numbers by way of three key demand drivers: living standards, population
and demographics, and price and availability.
Future Global Growth Trend Highlights
By 2034 the five fastest-increasing markets in terms of additional passengers
per year will be China (85.6 Crore new passengers), the US (55.9 Crores)and
India (26.6 Crores).
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KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Comparison between USA, China and India
Countries USA CHINA INDIA
Population ( Crores) 31 136 121
Number of Airports ( 5194 442 135
Paved )
Annual Passenger 74 35 16
Traffic ( Crores)
Airports per lac of 1.67 0.03 0.01
population
Per capita annual 2.38 0.25 0.13
frequency of air
travel
From the above table it is evident that the potential for air traffic growth is
enormous. India has only one airport for one crore population. China has three
times as many.As disposable incomes rise and Low Cost Carriers offering
affordable fares, the Indian aviation industry and it’s facilitators, which include
airports are expected to grow exponentially.
"The world is focused on Indian aviation - from manufacturers, tourism
boards, airlines, global businesses to individual travelers, shippers and
businessmen. If we can find common purpose among all stakeholders in
Indian aviation, a bright future is at hand," as per Mr Tony Tyler, Director
General and CEO of International Air Transport Association (IATA).
The air traffic growth in Kerala is beyond expectations. It’s share of All India
Traffic is on the upswing.
The aviation market is expected to improve in FY15 with two new airlines
entering the industry.
There is large untapped potential for growth in the Indian aviation industry
due to the fact that access to aviation is still a dream for nearly 99.5 per cent
of its large population, nearly 40 per cent of which is the upwardly mobile
middle class. It is critical for the industry stakeholders to engage and
collaborate with the policy makers to come up with efficient and rational
decisions that will shape the future of the Indian civil aviation industry. With
the right policies and a relentless focus on quality, cost and passenger
interest, India would be well placed to achieve its vision of becoming the
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KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
third largest aviation market by 2020 and the largest by 2030.
International air traffic in Kerala is growing at the rate of 10% every year.
The total share of Kerala airports in All India International Traffic is 16.80%
In all the other three southern states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and
Karnataka), one airport viz. Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore is catering to
80% of the airtraffic of the state. But in Kerala, the air traffic is evenly spread
over to all 3 existing airports.
PROJECT COST AND MEANS OF FINANCE:
Total Project cost of Phase 1 of the international airport is Rs.550 Crores,
which will be financed through 40 per cent Equity and 60 per cent Debt.
Consultants for the Project
Traffic & Financial Analysis Report prepared by
Ernst & Young is a global organization of member firms
in more than 140 countries, headquartered in London, UK. It was ranked by
Forbes magazine as the 8th largest private company in the United States.
Ernst & Young is a global leader in assurance, tax, transaction and advisory
services. E&Y has one strong global leadership team that sets one single
global strategy and agenda.
Its 8,700 global professionals deliver tailored advice attuned to needs–
helping to drive competitive advantage and increased shareholder returns
through improved decision-making, through services. E&Y transaction
service is supporting corporates and its specific challenges and leverage
opportunities in the market.
The Master Plan and Airport design done by
NACO, Netherlands Airport Consultants B.V. is a global
provider of airport planning, airport design and airport engineering services.
Established in 1949, NACO has assisted clients with realizing their goals for
airport development at more than 550 airports around the world. NACO is
world's leading independent airport consultancy and engineering firm with
8,000 professionals. NACO is a member of Royal HaskoningDHV, one of
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KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Europe's leading project management, engineering and consultancy service
providers, ranking globally in the top 10 of independently owned, non-listed
companies and top 40 overall. NACO is providing wide range of services relating
to Airport consultancy, Airport planning and airport development, Airport
design and airport engineering and Airport project implementation.
Environment Consultant and Environmental Impact Assessment Report
SGS India Pvt. Ltd is the world’s leading inspection,
verification, testing and certification company. They are recognised as the
global benchmark for quality and integrity. With more than 80,000
employees, they operate a network of more than 1,650 offices and
laboratories around the world.
Obstacle Survey Report by
Aero Survey is a team of professionals with adequate experience
in the field of Civil Aviation. The team of Aero Survey is headed by Bimal
Kumar Srivastava, who is having about 40 Years of Aviation Experience, out of
which more than 24 Years in Airport Survey (Obstacle Survey) & Cartography.
Aero Survey offers specialized services for aerodromes & helipads to meet
various operational requirements of existing or proposed Airport or Heliport in
the form of Pre- Feasibility Inspection /Site Inspection) and preparation of
Preliminary Report (Inspection of the Airport & Helipad site to assess the
feasibility of establishing or developing the Airport / Helipad), Obstacle Survey
/ Topographical Survey/ Aeronautical Charts/ Survey Report.
Legal Consultants
Leading advocate and solicitors with branches
throughout India. It is the largest law firm in India. The firm serves most of
the largest corporations and financial institutions domestically and internally.
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KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Introduction
Airports play a vital role in the development of Industry and
Commercial trade as they offer crucial services for transportation of goods
and passengers from one place to another. They are also essential for
domestic and international tourism, where limitation of time is the key
factor. While airports play catalyst to economic development, the economic
developments in turn generate demand for the former. As a result, the
aircraft fleets of airlines are growing at a rapid speed with improved
technology with regard to speed, time, capacity, etc., to cater to ever-
increasing demand. To provide impeccable service, the airports also need
infrastructural development. Thus, continuous improvement of airports
needs airport management for planning, developing and operating efficiently
and profitability to meet the present and future need of air travel; both,
domestic and international.
Airports also represent the country's door to the world. Passengers
form their first impression about a nation from the condition of its airports.
They can be effectively used as a symbol of national pride, if sufficient
attention to their quality and up- keep is paid.
Indian airports have been facing an infrastructural bottleneck since
independence. A majority of airports was constructed during the World
War primarily to meet the contingent and defence requirements. Hence,
they were not adequate to handle commercial traffic. These airports were
opened for commercial operation in 1950, but till 1972, no major
changes were envisaged in the field of airports, as the airports were
under control of the Director General of Civil Aviation.
The linkages between international trade and the transport network are
obvious. An efficient air-transport system can boost trade, commerce,
employment and tourism.
It is now widely acknowledged that efficiency in the air-transport sector
has major spillover effects on the competitiveness of both goods and services.
The development of air transport services is crucial for the sustainable
development of trade and tourism. This sector acts as an economic catalyst
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KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
by opening up new market opportunities, moving products and services with
speed and efficiency.
Because of the significant role of airport infrastructure in the national
economy in 1997, the Ministry of Civil Aviation brought out a policy on
airport infrastructure. This policy emphasized the need for private
investment to increase airport capacity and achieve a higher level of
customer satisfaction. Also the government has announced incentives to the
developers such as 10 year Income Tax holiday, 100 per cent FDI, etc.
In 2008, the Government announced the Greenfield Airport Policy,
encouraging new airports in the public as well as private domain.
KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd., as a part of social
obligation and long term prospects of such an infrastructure, plans to
develop an Airport in about 500 acres of land situated at Aranmula,
Pathanamthitta District, Kerala.
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Scope of the study
Scope of the study comprised the following:
Site feasibility study
Study of wind data
Determination of runway orientation
Determination of land requirement
Topographical and obstacle study
Estimation of potential traffic
Determination of critical aircraft for design of airport
Preparation of master plan
Air side and city side facilities
Conceptual design of components
Preliminary estimates
Broad financial analysis
Environmental impact assessment and management proposals
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Method followed for the study
The study had been executed in three perspectives such as WHY, WHO
and HOW.
The first part (WHY) explains the need of an international airport at
Aranmula and the socio economic overview of the influential zone, etc. The
second part describes the details of promoters. Third part details the technical
aspects, master plan, financial feasibility, etc.
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WHY Aranmula International Airport
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The Aviation Scenario
At present, the Indian aviation industry, with a tremendous growth rate, is
one of the fastest growing aviation industries in the world. The government's
partial open sky policy has led to many overseas players entering the market
and the industry has been growing both in terms of players and number of
aircrafts.
As compared to the national air passenger growth, the three International
Airports in Kerala, (Cochin, Thiruvananthapuram and Calicut) put together
showed an incredible increase in the same. Considering this fact, there is a
fourth international airport of Kerala coming up in Kannur
The Government of India is going all out to encourage Aviation in terms of
both airlines and ground infrastructure aerodromes. In the past decade
domestic airlines had increased from three to more than ten, in addition to a
large number of non scheduled air taxi/charter operators. Similarly Airports
Authority of India solely responsible till recently for maintenance and
development of airports had increased its budget from 500 cr. to 2260
cr ( 2013-14 ). Government had agreed for private participation in development
of airports as a result, there are green field International airports at Cochin,
Hyderabad and Bangalore, in addition to handing over of existing airports at
Delhi and Mumbai. The Government has given In Principle approval to 15
Greenfield Airports as on July 2014.
Further Government desires private parties to build more and more new
airports even in remote and two/ three tier towns to encourage establishment of
regional airlines and connectivity to these smaller towns to the expectations of
the people and demand. The emphasis is also on Low Cost Airports avoiding
the glitz and glamour of Glass Fronted Terminal Buildings.
There is certainly a vast scope for development of airport at places like
Aranmula in Central Travancore.
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AIR NETWORK IN INDIA
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The Past Trend
The Indian aviation industry had witnessed a fabulous growth in the last
decade. Following charts show the passenger traffic (in millions) occurred during
each financial years since 2003-04 to 2013-14. From the data it is clear that the
passenger traffic growth is faster and at the same time more correlated with the
national economic scenario.
160
140
120
100
80
Passengers in
Million 60
40
20
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20013 2014
The aircraft movement is directly correlated with the passenger traffic and
its growth. The following charts details the volume of aircraft movement (the
figures shown below are in ‘000) and its growth rate for the same period. For the
year 2013-14 the total aircraft movement (all India) was 15,44,640.
The passenger traffic growth rate for last eight years through three
international airports in Kerala (Cochin, Thiruvananthapuram and Calicut) has
outperformed the national figures as shown below;
Air Passengers Growth in Kerala
Airpassengers
Number of
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
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Future Trend – the driving factors
Linkage between per-capita income and air passenger growth rate
The growth in a countries per-capita income demonstrates the
economic outlook and the state of economy. As the per-capita income
increases the need of goods and services increases.
INDIAN GDP
GDP-PERCAPTIA(PPP)(US$)
GDP
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
In India the budget allocation for the development of infrastructure is
increasing year on year for the recent times. It is explicit that India has
to cover the huge infrastructural gap existing in the years to come. Hence it
can be expected that the government initiative will be present for a longer
period. Various other sectors like information technology, agriculture, etc are
expected to grow at a better rate in the coming years. This will in-turn
increase the per-capita income and stimulate the domestic tourism and up
gradation of travel mode and there by an increase in the air-travel.
Per Capita Income at Constant (2004-05)Prices
80000
60000
40000
Rupees
20000
INDIA
0
KERALA
04- 05- 06- 07- 08- 09- 10- 11- 12- 13-
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
Years
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Linkage between GDP growth rate and air passenger growth rate
The growth rate in GDP shows the prospects of an economy and its overall
growth. As Indian economy is growing at a tremendous pace and it is likely to
continue this pace in future (it is anticipated that India will be one of the least
affected nations in the worldwide financial turmoil caused recession).
Highlights of Government Policies and Supports:
An overview of policies and supports by Central Government can be
summarised as follows;
100 per cent FDI under automatic route is permissible for Greenfield
airports.
For existing airports, FDI up to 74 per cent is permitted through automatic
approvals and up to 100 per cent through special permission (from FIPB).
Private developers encouraged for setting up of private and public Aero-
dromes.
100 per cent tax exemption for airport projects for a period of 10 years
49 per cent FDI is permissible in domestic airlines under the automatic
route, but not by foreign airline companies. 100 per cent equity ownership by
Non- Resident Indians (NRIs) is permitted.
74 per cent FDI is permissible in cargo and non-scheduled airlines.
The I n d i a n G o v e r n m e n t has s e t u p a n A i r p o r t E c o n o m i c
R e g u l a t o r y Authority to provide a level playing field to all players.
Encouragement of establishment of regional airlines and
development of aerodromes to connect Tier II/ Tier-III towns/remote
areas and interior areas.
Establishment of Low Cost Airports
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A Socio-Economic Overview of Aranmula
Airport Influential Zone
19Population
Out of the total population of Kerala state 20 per cent are residing in
the influential zone. The total population of Kerala is currently 3.38 Crores
(2011 Census).
Moreover, t h e density of population in Kerala is rather high as
compared to the all India average. This illustrates the importance of need
for capacity improvement of transportation infrastructure.
Year Density (per sq.km)
Kerala India
1961 435 142
1971 549 177
1981 654 216
1991 749 274
2001 819 324
2011 859 382
Traffic in Kerala has been growing at a rate of 10–11% every year, resulting in
high traffic and pressure on the roads. Road density is nearly four times the
national average, reflecting the state's high population density. This
necessitates a strong air travel network to save on time and stress.
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Pilgrim Centers
This section covers the important Religious places such as Temple,
Church and Mosque.
Sree Dharma Sastha Temple, Sabarimala
Sabarimala Sree Dharma Sastha Temple, dedicated to Lord Ayyappa, is
the most famous and prominent among all the Sastha temples in India. The
temple situated on a hilltop named Sabarimala in the Pathanamthitta district.
This temple is unique in many respects. One is that the temple is open to
all irrespective of caste, creed or religion. The temple is open for worship
211 days in a year.
The temple attracts 50 million pilgrims annually ( Source: Travancore
Devoswam Board), making it the second most visited pilgrimage center in India
and the third most popular house of worship around the world.
Aranmula Airport is located an hour’s drive from Sabarimala temple. The
below table gives a bird’s eye view of the proportion of traffic which can be
benefitted by Aranmula airport.
The expectation is that about 1% of the devotees to Sabarimala, who are
presently using air to Cochin/ rail/ surface transport to reach the shrine, will
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prefer to fly into Aranmula airport.
A Morning / Evening Sabarimala package can be developed which will
have many takers. Pilgrims now have to spend at least one overnight at hotel,
whatever be their mode of transport. With Aranmula airport as the hub,
pilgrims can fly in around 8 am in the morning, reach Pampa at 10 am. Reach
the shrine by 11 am, finish darshan, lunch at Pampa at 2 pm. Reach back
Aranmula at 4 pm. Fly out of Aranmula at 5 pm. Moreover, pilgrims visiting
Sabarimala only once in a year due to the time factor will now be attracted to
visit at least two/three times in a year.
Maramon Convention (February)
The Marthoma Maramon Convention is the biggest religious gathering
of Christians in Asia. It is held on the banks of river Pamba, Maramon, near
Kozhencherry since 1896 usually in the month of February. Thousands of
people from all over India assemble here at this great occasion. The
Maramon Convention displays co-operation and union between different
sections of Church in Kerala. It fosters ecumenical outlook. It is also a source
of spiritual inspiration and enlightenment for thousands. Convention is
normally scheduled for duration of 10 days. About 1,00,000 pilgrims attend
this convention each day.
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Tourist Centers:
Advantage Aranmula
Foreign and domestic tourists generally follow the traditional quadrangle
route to visit their favourite tourist attractions. They generally land in Kochi, go
to Munnar, Thekkady, Kumarakom, Alapuzha and take the flight back from
Cochin.
After the commencement of airport services from Aranmula, tourists, aftey
complete Alapuzha can come to Aranmula and take a flight back home from the
airport.
Aranmula Vallamkali (August-September)
Aranmula Vallamkali (Boat race) is a famous water fiesta is held during
Onam (August - September). The snake boats assemble near the Sri
Parthasarathy Temple before the grand procession. Each boat is 100 m.
long and accommodates 4 helmsmen, 100 oarsmen and 25 singers. The
snake boats move in pairs to the rhythm of full throated singing and
shouting, watched by an excited crowd. The commencement of the event
is marked by a snake-boat race in the afternoon. Early morning, the Snake
Boats assemble near the temple, and take off in pairs.
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Thekkady
Thekkady (in Idukki District) is one of the finest wild life reserves in
India – the Periyar wild life sanctuary spread over an area of 777 Sq.Km of
which 360 Sq.Km is thick ever green forest. The Periyar wild life sanctuary was
declared as a Tiger Reserve in 1978. The Mullaperiyar Dam built across the
river Periyar with Surki mix before 121 years, still exist as a wonder to the
tourists.
Munnar
Situated 55 Km from Idukki town at an elevation of 1524 M above the
mean sea level and on the confluence of three mountain streams
Kannimalayar, Nallathanni and Kundala. It is a health resort especially in
summer season. It is the centre of Tea Industry and also the Head
quarters of the Kannan Devan Hill produce Company. Munnar also has the
highest peak in South India Anamudi.
Kumarakom (Kottayam District)
Kumarakom gained national and international importance with the visit
of the Hon'ble Prime minister A.B. Vajpayee in December 2000. Kumarakom
is a small village 14 Km west of Kottayam. It is a part of Kuttanad, which is
a 'wonder land', lying below sea level, comprising of a number of islands, in
the back waters. Kumarakom Village covers an area of 5166 Ha of which
2,413 Ha is Lake Portion, 1,500 Ha is paddy fields and the remaining portion
of 1,253 Ha is dry land. Kumarakom is an unbelievably beautiful paradise
of mangrove forests, emerald green paddy fields and coconut groves
interspersed with enchanting waterways and canals adorned with white lilies.
Situated on the Vembanad Lake, this small water world has plenty of
traditional country boats, crafts and canoes which will take you in to the heart
of scenic Kerala.
Vembanad Lake
Kottayam has a vast network of rivers and canals, which empty into the
great expanse of water called the Vembanad Lake, a fast developing
backwater tourism destination. Vembanad Lake is having 83.72 Km length
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and 14.48 Km width. Traditional Cargo boats called Kettuvallams are
modified into Cruise boats and House boats, with all basic facilities like
kitchen, toilet, bathrooms, sit outs, etc. These boats gracefully move around
the back waters, providing facilities to tourist to enjoy the beauty of the
Vembanad Lake in a relaxed pace.
Boat Races
In the festive months of August and September, the rivers in and near
Kottayam are turned into festival centers. The serene lakes come alive
during Onam with a spectacular water regatta - the snake boat races. It is
amazing to watch oarsmen, at least a hundred in one boat, slice their way
through the waters to the fast rhythm of their own full throated singing. In
the Kumarakom boat race conducted at Kavanar and Kottathodu rivers,
about 50 types of boats viz veppu, ody, churulan and few snake boats
participate.
Wagamon
Situated 64 Km from Kottayam, this enchanting hill station at an
elevation of 1,100 M above sea level is a trekker’s paradise. This
enchanting hill station on the Idukki- Kottayam border dotted with tea
gardens and meadows will soon be one of India's foremost Eco tourism
projects. The breeding centre of the Kerala Live stock Board is located here.
Alappuzha Beach
Alappuzha beach is one of the most popular spots in the district of
Alappuzha. Its beautiful garden on the shore gives an exclusive sight.
Imposing buildings of a colonial past overlook the shore.
Backwater Cruise
View the landscape beauty, monuments, temples, churches and
industries of Alappuzha by cruising through its rivers, canals and
backwaters. The starting point is from Alleppey and the finishing point is at
Jetty.
Boat Races
Alappuzha district is proud of being the cradle of boat races. All the
important boat races, namely the Nehru Trophy boat Race at Punnamada, the
Payippad near Haripad, the Thiruvandoor, Neerettupuram, Karuvatta and
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Thaikkoottam boat races are held at different parts of the district during
August-September. Thousands of people from all parts of the world come and
witness these races.
Industry and Commerce of Aranmula International
Airport Influence Zone:
Alappuzha is a central market in Kerala for copra, coconut oil, oil
cakes and coir. There are at present more than 62 oil mills in the municipal
area. The total production of coconut oil in this area is approximately
3500 tonnes. Alappuzha is the major production centre of coir and coir
products in the State. There are about four thousand production units
including a few big factories for coir in the district. There are at present
15 mechanised looms too. There are 41 cooperative societies in the coir sector.
There is a central coir marketing society for the export of the produce of
primary societies. Alappuzha district occupies a very important position in the
fisheries map of Kerala. Its western boundary is the Arabian Sea having
rich marine resources. More than 20 per cent of the total area of the district
is waterlogged, and the 20,000 acres of kari lands and 42,736 acres of paddy
fields in Kuttanad are suitable for pisciculture.
In the history of Journalism, Kottayam occupies a prominent place.
Kottayam is the centre of newspapers and periodicals. Four major dailies;
Viz Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Deepika and Mangalam are being
published from here. The number of periodicals comes about thirty.
Kottayam is one of the prominent rubber producing districts in Kerala.
The economy of Idukki is predominantly agricultural, Cardamom, tea,
tapioca, rice, pepper, rubber, coconut, sugarcane, coffee, arecanut, ginger,
lemon grass and vegetables are the most important agricultural
26KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
products of the district.
The following table gives an overview of industries located in the
influential zone.
Professional Educational centers
An overview of the professional education centers in the influential zone
has been described in the following table.
Eng Arts/ Med Nursin La Ma Poly TTI ITI Ayur Den
inee Sce ical g/pha w nag tec /IT vedh tal
ring Colleg Coll rmacy Col eme hni C a/ho coll
District
coll e ege Colleg leg nt c meo ege
ege e e Coll colle s
ege ges
Pathanamthitta 6 10 1 4 - 4 4 11 25 1 -
Alappuzha 9 15 1 3 - 2 4 10 38 - -
Kottayam 9 29 1 4 1 - 3 3 21 1 1
Idukki 4 11 - 2 - 4 4 8 5 1
27KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
WHO Behind the project PROMOTERS
28KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
About the Developers
KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd. will be the developer for
the proposed project. KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd. is a company
registered under the Companies Act 1956 promoted by KGS group and
Government of Kerala. The share holding pattern of the company is as follows;
KGSpromote Government of
rs 90%
Kerala 10%
KGS ARANMULA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT LTD.
The Project is a Public Private Partnership between KGS Aranmula
International Airport Ltd and Government of Kerala. It’s in the model of Build
Own Operate ( BOO ). Cochin airport is the first airport under this model. The
upcoming Kannur airport is an undertaking of the State Government.
The Government of Kerala has extended extensive support to the project by
means of:
Classifying the project area as Industrial Land.
Establishing a Single Window Clearance for all approvals involving the
State Govt.
Investment of 10% of the Project Cost. This will be in the form of sweat
equity.
Allotting Government/ peramboke land needed for the project at market
rates.
The State Government has recommended our Project for approval at
many junctures.
29KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Parts of a few letters are reproduced below:
Extract of LDF Cabinet Note of 2010 : “Considering the Public Untility and
the overall infrastructure development and taking into account the rapid
development the airport can give to trade, commerce, tourism, pilgrimage,
all the clearances required for the airport can be granted.
Extract of Letter 22514/ B3/ 11/1D dated 26.09.11 from Additional Chief
Secretary, Govt. of Kerala to Ministry of Civil Aviation.
“ Government is keen to support and encourage promising projects of this
nature involvint the wide public interest. Government of India may please
give the clearances sought for.”
Extract of letter DO/273/VIP/CM/2013 dated 26.09.2013 from the office of
Oomen Chandy, Chief Minister of Kerala to the Hon’ble Minister for
Environment & Forests.
“ The Commissioning of this project will ensure better connectivity to the
NRI population in the region, huge employment potential, comprehensive
development of the State, better connectivity to tourist spots like
Kumarakom, Thekkady, Munnar and the world famous pilgrim center,
Sabarimala temple.”
30KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Promoters – an overview
a) KGS Group
KGS is a well diversified group with interest in property
development, construction, a n d infrastructure. The group is promoted
by Mr.K.Kumaran, Mr.Gigi George and Mr.P.V.Sanmugam.
The combined market value of the assets held by the group is US$ 1
Billion.
All the three Promoters are Professionally Qualified with very good
b usiness track record.
b) Other Companies under KGS group:
KGS Developers Ltd
is 50% partner in 3 Township Projects of KGS. 15
Large Projects across South India worth around Rs. 11,000 crores being
executed in 3-5 years. Rs. 3000 crores worth of unencumbered land held in
various parts of South India. Group concern has executed over 70
Residential Projects in Chennai in the last 20 years.
KGS Infrastructure Ltd.
The company is developing KGS International Residential Township
cum business park project on ECR between Chennai and Pondichery on
5,000 acres. This project will be executed in a span of 5 to 7 years.
The Project contemplates development of Business Park, Residential
Township, Merchant Airport, Global Medicity, Educational institutions as well
as a 50 MW solar plant.
31KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Promoters of KGS Group
Kumaran. K, B.E. , M.B.A .(USA) Having graduated in Engineering from
Anna University, Chennai and did his masters in management from DUKE
University, Kumaran brings in global experience for the group. As one of
the key promoters, Kumaran oversees overall administration of the group.
Kumaran hails from a renowned business family and owned a media
company. Kumaran is a sports enthusiast and an avid golfer.
Gigi George, F.C.A. With a finance background, George heads the group as
Managing Director. George, to his credit, has done the major business
diversification of the group including joint venture partnerships,
acquisitions, capital and Debt Syndication etc. George has travelled
extensively all over the globe.
Sanmugam. P. V, B.E. Sanmugam holds an Engineering degree.
Sanmugam has been an active promoter of a real estate company for last
20 years. He as Vice Chairman leads the Construction and liasoning
activities of the group.
32KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
HOW The execution
33KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Approach for Project Planning and Execution
The Project is undertaken under the Greenfield Airport Policy formulated
by the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Govt. of India. It is a PPP (Public Private
Partnership) project with the Govt. of Kerala holding 10% equity.
Approvals for this Airport
The Project was contemplated way back in 2009 and the Airport Authority
of India was approached with a request to inspect and convey their Pre
Feasibility approval. After getting the Feasibility approval in 2009, efforts gained
momentum and Site Approval from Airport Authority of India, NOC from
Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Home Affairs followed suit. Obstacle Survey
was done by an approved entity of AAI and recommendations were received from
AAI for certain modifications in the runway. Steering Committee convened by
the Ministry of Civil Aviation and comprising senior Secretaries and Directors
gave their In Principle Approval for the project. Ministry of Environment &
Forests conveyed their Environment Clearance which has been challenged in
Court.
34KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Details of Approvals / NOCs obtained by KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd.
Date Reference No. Department Approval/NOC
1 15.10.09 AAI/C&C /Aranmula Airport Airport Authority of Aranmula Airport Feasibility
2009 India Report
2 08.09.2010 GO No 1262/2010/Ind Industries Dept, State Government approval
GoK
24.02.2011 GO (P) No.54/11/ID Government of Constituting “Greenfield
3 Kerala Airport Aranmula Single
Window Clearance
Authority” and declaring the
area as Industrial Area
4 24.08.2011 No 17(79)/11(DN-II/Ops)(669) Ministry of Defence NOC
5 28.10.2011 AV20015/015/2009-AD Ministry of Civil Site Clearance Approval
Aviation, GoI
6 17.08.2012 AV20015/015/2009-AD Ministry of Civil In Principle Approval
Aviation convened
steering committee
comprising of
Secretaries/ High
officials
7 16.01.2013 GO No (Ms) 04/2013 Transport Dept, 1. 10% Equity by GoK
Govt. of Kerala 2. One govt nominee
director in KAIAL
3. Sale of poramboke
land by GoK
8 18.11.2013 F No 10-51/2010-IA.III MoEF Environmental Clearance
(Challenged in Court )
After completion of the project, it needs to obtain License from DGCA
to start operations.
35KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Technical Feasibility
36KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Locational Advantage
The present site was chosen for the following reasons.
The topography of Kerala State is very unique. It has a coast line on the
entire western length and the eastern portion of the State is dominated
by the Western Ghats and it’s forests. Hence the choice of sites for an
airport project are extremely limited. Availability of a contiguous parcel of
land measuring 500 acres is a difficult proposition. Moreover, the land
should be fallow, meaning no cultivation currently being carried out.
As per the Greenfield Airport Policy, sufficient distance should be
maintained between two airports to ensure that commercial viability is
not affected. Three airports are already functioning, Trivandrum, Cochin
and Kozhikode. The fourth airport at Kannur is under construction.
Under the circumstances ,the proposed airport at Aranmula, situated
between Trivandrum and Cochin on the vertical belt and a good distance
away from Madurai airport, on the horizontal belt, is ideally located. With
this proposed airport, there will be five airports, almost equidistant from
each other in the North to South corridor of Kerala, effectively serving the
entire population of the State.
There is a naval station. INS Garuda, near Cochin and any airport site
has to be sufficiently at a distance between this naval airport, due to
security and communication reasons. Aranmula fulfills that criteria and
we hold a NOC from Defence Ministry.
The density of population in Pathanamtitta and adjoining districts
necessitate an airport for Central Travancore. The number of Non
Resident Keralites in Gulf and other countries will be greatly benefitted
by the location of the proposed airport. Kerala, amongst all the Indian
States, attracts the highest density of air travel. The proposed site
offers a gateway to Sabarimala, which attracts 50 million devotees
annually. The shrine is only 1 hour from the airport facilitating same day
arrival, darshan and departure in the evening for devotees from all parts
of India.. Sabarimala is the 2nd most visited shrine in India and the 3rd
most visited shrine in the world.
Tourists heading towards Vembanad lake, Kumarakom, Alapuzha will
find the location of this airport as most convenient for their itinerary
The proposed airport will cater to the 50 lakh population of the four
districts of Pathanmthitta, Alapuzha, Kottayam and Idukki.
Considering the importance of the location, the Govt. of Kerala has
supported the project by declaring the Project Area as industrial land, as
well as taking up a 10% equity share in the project.
In Kerala, the roads are congested. There is only one National Highway
and it takes hours to reach even a distance of 100 km. This airport will
37KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
clear this congestion to some extent and save a lot of time and energy for
the vast population in our command area.
The wind is calm in this region giving an added reason to locate the
airport at this site.
The land has been purchased by the Project Proponent at market price.
There is no acquisition of land.
No eviction or forcible displacement of dwellers is involved.
38KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Meteorological data
The wind data have been obtained from the India Meteorological Department
(IMD), Thiruvanathapuram. Wind data of Alappuzha and Kottayam, the nearest
available observatories of IMD, which are closer to this project location has been
obtained. However, Alappuzha being a coastal area and Aranmula being inland
the comparison of wind data of these two places may not be very appropriate.
Kottayam being inland, with same longitude and having similar characteristics and
being close to the project location is more appropriate and considered for finalizing
the orientation of the runway. The wind data indicated that the wind is very
insignificant and hence the runway can be oriented in any direction. Considering
the geographical feature of the project site, orientation has been finalized in the
163 degree – 343 degree direction, which has the maximum length. Accordingly
the r u n w a y orientation has been finalized as 16-34.
Runway orientation
The IMD wind data of Kottayam has been taken as the basis to arrive
at the orientation of runway. The wind data shows that it is calm in all season.
Hence any orientation of runway is feasible in this location. Hence the orientation
fixed for the runway is 16-34 to suit the availability of land.
39KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Ground features
Project location is more or less level ground and some of the area is
planted with rubber. A little portion of the project site is slightly elevated and it has
been already cut to pave the existing kutcha strip. This high ground has red
mooram soil. Rest of the ground is black cotton soil.
Due to the fact that a stream is running across the runway strip, design of the
runway includes a culvert over the stream with three spans of 15 metres each. It is
also contemplated to build a dyke around part of the runway to drain the other minor
streams and lead it to the main stream. All engineering efforts will be taken to
ensure that the runway strip is not flooded, even during heavy rainfall.
Availability of Construction Material
All construction material including a small quantity of landfill,
topsoil, cement, bricks, steel and bitumen are available in the command
area.
Obstacle study
A detailed obstacle study conducted by Aero Survey India, a leading Aero
Survey Company in India and specialized service provider for aerodromes &
helipads to meet various operational requirements of Airport or Heliport in the form
of Obstacle Survey / Topographical Survey/ Aeronautical Charts/ Survey Report,
Pre-Feasibility Inspection (Site Inspection) and preparation of Preliminary Report
and Technical Feasibility Report/ Project Feasibility Report.
40KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
From the study conducted in and around the proposed project area the following
obstacles were found;
As per the obstacle survey report, there are no major obstacles found for this
project. Only few minor obstacles are identified such as Mobile Tower,
Plantation trees which all can easily be removed.
There is a mast of a temple, situated from 900 metres from the boundary wall,
which is considered as an obstacle and accordingly the runway has been displaced
by 285 metres on the northern end, as per the recommendations of Airport
Authority of India.
Airport Features
The Aranmula International Airport will be built in three years and will be
able to cater to wide bodies aircraft like Airbus A-320 / Boeing 737.
The runway, taxiway, aprons, isolation bay, security compound wall,
peripheral security roads, fire station, drainage system, terminal building, Main
access roads, car parking area, water distribution system, electricity receiving
and distribution system, sewage treatment plant, etc are planned to be developed.
NACO, worldwide specialists in airport design are the Airport Consultants for the
project.
The Location
The map of Pathanamthitta district is shown below indicating the proposed Site.
41KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Land Requirement
The land required for airport operation is 490 acres. Out of this 350 acres
have already been bought and registered in the name of the company.The Govt. of
Kerala is transferring 41 acres of Govt. and Peramboke land in favour of the Project,
for a consideration. The rest of the land required for the Project is under negotiation.
Runway
The master plan proposes a Runway of 3100 x 45 M and a Runway strip of
3220m x 300 m to meet the requirement of wide bodied aircraft. The airport code is
4D.
Out of the two options on the type of runway, i.e. rigid (cement concrete) and
flexible (asphalt concrete), flexible pavement is chosen to facilitate strengthening and
extension.
Taxiway
Half taxiway is provided in the master plan, connecting to the main apron.
The taxiway has been provided with the same strength of runway. The dimensions of
42KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
the taxiway will be as per specifications of DGCA.
Apron
An apron has been provided for with to the size of 200 x 150 M for parking
three A- 320 / Boeing 737 flights at a time. Although a rigid pavement is best suited
for aircraft parking stands, flexible pavement is proposed for operation.
Terminal Building
The terminal building is planned keeping appropriate clearance from the apron. The
city-side will be suitably developed with car-park and other amenities for visitors
and passengers. Car parking planned initially is for a capacity of 400 cars at a time.
Separate Technical block cum control tower is envisaged.
Public Address (PA) system, flight information displays, operational
requirements such as counters, back up rooms, passenger amenities and stand by
43KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
power system are also provided for. A full-fledged terminal building of 3,700
square meters is being proposed to cater to 500 incoming and 500 outgoing
passengers at a time, with all modern amenities.
Approach Road
A four lane approach road (23 m wide) is proposed from the Kozhencherry to
Chenganur State Highway ( which is abutting the site).
Security measures
Compound wall of 2.97 meters height with Goose-neck overhang as per the
Bureau of Civil aviation Security (BCAS) is being provided all around the operational
area. A peripheral road for patrolling is also proposed. Further four watch towers at
strategic locations are also provided. Anti-highjack measures for passenger and
baggage handling is also taken care of as per BCAS norms.
Segregation of passengers and visitors
Complete segregation of arriving and departing passengers and visitors is
proposed in the terminal building passenger flow. Visitors will be permitted up to
lobby area only or to visitor’s gallery.
44KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Gates provided
A minimum of two gates are provided for operational area (one at terminal
building and the other near to aviation academy) which will be guarded. Also two
crash gates are provided at both ends of extended centre line of runway for easy
and fast access of crash fire tenders in case of any untoward incidents taking place
in the approach path or take off area.
Fire Station
A suitable rescue and safety services center to accommodate 2 crash fire
tenders with 4000 liters water capacity and other mediums and other vehicles such
as rapid intervention vehicle ambulances, motor vehicles are planned along with a
watch tower and other associated facilities (office room, etc.). A water sump is also
provided for refilling the crash fire tenders. Sufficient hardstand in front of the fire
station is also planned with rapid connecting roads to the runway and apron.
A Peripheral lighting along the boundary wall is also proposed considering the
security aspects of the airport.
45KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Area lighting
Illumination is provided for the operational area with high mast lights. Three
numbers of 30 meter high masts is provided in the airside and two numbers are
proposed for the land side near to the terminal building/car park.
Associated facilities Within building
In the terminal building provision has been made for check-in counters, X-
ray baggage machine, segregated area for passengers needing assistance, reserved
lounges for VIP & VVIP passengers, provision for medical center for passengers
requiring urgent medical attention, area for left luggage, duty free shops, passenger
waiting couches, restaurants, taxi counters, curio shop, airline offices, book stalls,
snack counters, bank counters security check area, toilet, water facilities, etc.
The terminal is proposed to be environment friendly so as to apply for
classification for LEED’s Green Building.
Land side facilities
The land side facilities provided includes the visitors waiting area, kiosk for
coffee/tea, etc.
46KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Utility Buildings
Power – 11 KV sub-station to ensure dedicated power for seamless operation is
also provided within the premises. Generator backup of suitable rating is also
provided for the redundant power supply. Suitable power distribution system shall be
done with underground cabling system. Solar Power Plant with capacity of 1 MW is
proposed.
Water – A dedicated water supply line will be provided from own sources in order
to cater the requirement. A water distribution network is also planned within
the premises. A water supply system is planned with overhead tanks and
underground tanks. An overhead water tank is planned above the terminal
building. On operations water requirement would be 4 lakhs liters per day.
Hence an overhead tank of 40,000 liters capacity and an underground tank of
47KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
8,000 liters capacity are proposed.
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) – It is proposed to treat all the effluent from
the airport and re-circulate it for irrigation purpose. This is to reduce wastage of
water. However Septic Tank and Soak Pits are required to be implemented for
sewage disposal.
Drainage System
The drains and dikes are provided outside the runway strip along the
boundary. Sufficient slope, with an incline as per the International Civil Aviation
Organisation’s Annex 14, is provided in the operational area towards the drains
assuring that logging of water is avoided. The minor stream located North and South
of the runway is also diverted into the dike along with the drainage provided. The
water collected through dike is proposed to be dispersed through downstream side on
the west of the plot where the natural stream is available, which in turn disbursed to
river Pampa. As far as the natural stream is concerned, it is proposed to build a
culvert with three 15 metre spans under the complete operational area on which the
runway, its shoulders and obstruction-free area will be laid.
Control tower/Operational equipment rooms
Dedicated control tower is planned with full-fledged meteorological stations to
monitor the climatic parameters of the airport. The tower also has office for staffs
and control equipments.
48KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Landscaping
Landscaping is planned both on air side as well as city side for
aesthetics/pleasant feeling, including approach road and car parking areas.
Moreover landscaping and greenery are important for noise abatement.
Aviation Fuel Station
A full-fledged aviation fuel station is planned and suitable land and its
location are shown in master plan for parking oil bowzers.These will be constructed
by a Public Sector.
49KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
50KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
Traffic analysis
Aranmula airport, situated in Central Travancore, has the unique
advantage of being located in a state, which has the highest air traffic growth,
year on year. During the period 2005-06 to 2013-14, the Compounded Annual
Growth Rate ( CAGR) is a healthy 12.60%. This is due to the fact that Kerala has
the highest number of Non residents per capita, high per capita income and has
attractive tourist attractions. Moreover, it is the closest airport to Sabarimala
shrine, which attracts the second largest number of devotees in India. It is also
the third largest shrine in the world, in terms of number of devotees visiting.
The accompanying map will clearly indicate the strategic location of the
proposed Aranmula airport.
51KGS Aranmula International Airport Ltd Pre Feasibility Report
KERALA AIR PASSENGER TRAFFIC (DOMESTIC + INTERNATIONAL)
AIRPORT 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013-14
06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
COCHIN 18,86,614 25,63,236 33,44,124 33,58,254 38,62,418 43,40,725 47,17,650 48,80,773 53,83,114
TRIVANDRUM 13,24,365 17,81,202 21,01,904 19,54,802 22,88,084 25,26,885 28,14,799 28,39,021 29,34,434
KOZHIKODE 9,60,428 11,23,622 13,16,763 16,78,095 18,63,869 20,59,979 22,09,716 22,73,703 24,64,662
TOTAL 41,71,407 54,68,060 67,62,791 69,91,151 80,14,371 89,27,589 97,42,165 99,93,497 1,07,82,21
0
COMPOUNDED ANNUAL GROWTH: 2005-06 TO 2013-14:12.60%
KGS ARANMULA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ESTIMATED PASSENGER
(DOMESTIC + INTERNATIONAL) TRAFFIC AT ARANMULA (LACS)
FORECAST 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2021-22 2029-30
18 19 20 21
FORECAST BY COMPANY 15.8 17.38 19.11 21.02 23.13 45.07
0
ERNST & YOUNG 17.5 22.4 29.60 34.00 67.05
0 0 25.70
NEIGHBOURING AIRPORTS 18.26 20.09 22.10 24.31 26.74 52.10
IN KERALA
INDIAN AIR TRAFFIC GROWTH 16.42 20.27 22.52 25.02 57.60
FORECAST 18.24
(MIN. OF CIVIL AVIATION)
INDIAN AIR TRAFFIC GROWTH 15.98 17.51 21.27 23.43 50.22
FORECAST (IATA) 19.31
Assumptions
1) Company forecast : based on of diversion from neighbouring kerala
airports and fresh generation of air traffic due to sabarimala and tourism
10% growth each year
2) E&y: based on demographic breakup of demand (nrk/international
tourists/domestic tourists/pilgrimage) and 15% growth each year for six
years
3) Neighbouring airports : based on 15% market share of cochin and
trivandrum airports and 10% growth each year.(source:aai)
4) Based on 11.1% cagr during 2016-2020 – min.of civil aviation
5) Based on 10.2% CAGR- IATA
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