RETAIL & WHOLESALE WORKING FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD 4
HEALTHY LIFESTYLES – OUR KEY MESSAGES 5
ACTIONS BY OUR MEMBER COMPANIES 6
Reformulation: more choice, healthier products 6
Responsible marketing: guiding and informing consumers on healthy choices 12
Beyond just the products: promoting a healthy lifestyle 16
MULTI-STAKEHOLDER INITIATIVES INVOLVING
OUR MEMBER ASSOCIATIONS 22FOREWORD
“Unhealthy diets and lack of physical activity are significant negative factors influencing
European consumers’ health and well-being. In 2014, half of EU adults (52 %) were con-
sidered over-weight, while 1 in 6 adults were considered clinically obese. Food retailers
and wholesalers are committed to addressing these issues in their product offer and in
driving change by offering consumers an informed choice of foods to accompany healthy
living. We believe that the retail sector can play an active role in contributing to the
achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goal n°3 – Ensure healthy lives and pro-
mote wellbeing for all at all ages. EuroCommerce supports its members in this area by
facilitating sharing of best practice and engaging with key EU stakeholders on behalf of
the sector. The examples in this publication reflect the many actions that our members
have undertaken on their own, and in partnership with public and private organisations;
they show the progress they have achieved so far. Retailers have introduced a number
of initiatives aimed at making a positive impact on consumers’ dietary habits, tailored to
the different cultures, habits and consumer demand across the EU. These include prod
uct reformulation to reduce sugar, salt or fat content, providing a wide choice of healthy
options, responsible marketing and advertising, or broader health campaigns promoting
physical activity. There is no easy and quick solution to the consequences of unhealthy
lifestyles and changing behaviour is a slow process. However through these and many
other actions, our members together with governments and other partners have shown,
and will continue to pursue, their commitment to playing their part in the fight against
overweight and obesity. This publication is only a partial snapshot of what is happening
now, and we aim in the future to share more success stories on contributing to improved
health and wellbeing for European consumers.”
Christian Verschueren
Director-General
EuroCommerceHEALTHY LIFESTYLES
– OUR KEY MESSAGES
1. Holistic strategy: Nutrition and health issues need to be addressed in a holistic
strategy, not a one-size-fits-all approach. As dietary habits and lifestyles are integral
to the cultures and traditions of each Member State and region, initiatives need to be
tailored to varying consumer demand across the EU. The strategy must also focus on
physical activity, as obesity trends can only be reversed if more active lifestyles are sup-
ported and encouraged. Furthermore, public authorities, industry and civil society must
cooperate in projects aiming to encourage healthy diets and lifestyles.
2. Role of business: Helping consumers to make healthy and balanced choices.
Retailers and wholesalers, being the link between manufacturers and consumers,
recognise their role and are willing to contribute to better nutrition and health, in
partnership with governments and other sectors. As a sector with direct contact with
consumers, retailers can make it easier for consumers to choose the healthy option
through products reformulation, appropriate marketing or product. They are com-
mitted to building on the significant achievements already realised, and will continue
supporting new initiatives to deliver the best possible results for consumers and
society. Retailers and wholesalers invest considerable time, effort and resources in
voluntary initiatives to support improved consumer lifestyles. However, behaviour-
al change is a slow process, initiatives need time to work. Legislation should only
complement voluntary initiatives and be outcome-focused, not prescriptive with
detailed solutions.
3. Need for education: Consumer education is key to realising lasting changes in life-
style and eating habits. Commercial initiatives are most effective when accompanied
by proper education programmes. Public health is primarily the responsibility of pub-
lic authorities, and education is an important tool for policy fulfilment. All foods have
a place in a balanced and varied diet, and consumers should be educated on how to
achieve a balanced approach. This approach is often more efficient when developed in
multi-stakeholder partnerships.ACTIONS BY OUR MEMBER COMPANIES
REFORMULATION: MORE CHOICE,
HEALTHIER PRODUCTS
Nutrition/product reformulation is the way retailers (and food producers) can enhance
the nutritional value of their food products, by innovating in recipes and product compo-
sition. Generally, products are developed to be healthier, by, for example, reducing the
salt, sugar and/or (trans) fat content.
Food reformulation is a way to offer healthier and more nutritious products to consumers. Many food manufactur-
ers and retailers have engaged in this process in the past years, often supported by national authorities and the
EU. In February 2016, EU Member States agreed on a Roadmap for Action on Food Product Improvement developed
by the Dutch Presidency. This Roadmap, endorsed by EuroCommerce, was followed by Council conclusions in June
2016, asking Member States to produce national product improvement plans by the end of 2017. As part of the
Roadmap, industry is also encouraged to draw up and implement product reformulation plans.
The reformulation challenges
Reformulation is not an easy task. The challenge is to maintain quality and taste whilst bringing levels of some
nutrients down. Salt, sugar and fats can play a number of roles in the food composition, and reformulation faces
a number of constraints.
> Structure: Change of nutrients can influence the structure of the food. For example, sugar gives speculoos their
crunch.
> P reservation: Nutrients are also preservative elements. In jams for example, reducing them would shorten
the life of the product. This is also a food safety issue. The possible solutions include storage instructions, new
packaging and using other preservatives.
> Legal aspects: Sometimes food compositions are subject to changing legal EU or national requirements. For
example, mayonnaise is required by EU law to contain eggs.
> Need of equipment: The manufacturer needs to have the right resources and equipment to undertake reformu-
lations. This is especially challenging for SMEs.
> C onsumer acceptance: Consumers have to be satisfied by the new recipe. For this reason, it is very difficult
for food manufacturers to make drastic reformulations in one go, and it is easier to achieve these through
gradual reformulations.
6Retailers’ commitments
Retailers have embarked on ambitious reformulation projects, mainly focusing on sugar, salt and fat reductions. Reformulation projects
can target specific product categories (cereals, yoghurts, soft drinks, bread, etc.) and/or specific nutrients.
BELGIUM
COLRUYT GROUP
The retailer started with scrutiny of all food product catego- After breakfast cereals were identified as a priority, Colruyt
ries according to an annual plan to define priorities. These Group put in place reformulation plans. The result was 44%
reflected each product's scope for improvement and the less sugar for Boni Selection Choco Clams and 12% less for
number of customers who consume it. e.g: Cereals: less sug- Boni Selection Cereal Flakes with black chocolate. Everyday
ar, less salt, more fibre. Cornflakes had their salt content reduced by 38%. Boni
Selection Muesli now contains 49% more fibre than before.
GERMANY
REAL
METRO AG’s retail line Real has set itself the goal of check- by the end of 2017. Real put a focus on the reformulation of
ing the recipes of its processed own-brand products and its products which are especially consumed by children or are
own-produced foods in stores for their salt, fat and/or sugar known to have a high content of fat, sugar and/or salt. For
content and, if possible, to optimise them. In this way, Real example, Real reduced the fat, sugar and/or salt content of
aims to help its customers lead an active and healthy life- cereals, ketchup, yoghurts and soft drinks. In the future Real
style. Real achieved its aim of reformulating more than 150 will gradually further improve the recipes of its own-brand
own-brand products and own-produced foods in its markets products and own-produced foods.
AUSTRIA, FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY, POLAND, PORTUGAL, ROMANIA,
SPAIN, SWEDEN & UK
HERBALIFE NUTRITION - PRO 20 SELECT
To address the growing demand for healthy diets, in early 2018 Herbalife Nutrition launched a new water-mixable protein shake
(PRO 20 Select) in 12 EU markets.
GERMANY BELGIUM, NETHERLANDS,
CZECH REPUBLIC, GREECE,
LIDL ROMANIA AND SERBIA
With the Lidl Reduction Strategy 2025, Lidl Germany AHOLD
aims to reduce the sales-weighted, average content of
added sugar and salt by 20 % by 2025 in its own-brand DELHAIZE GROUP
products. This will be achieved, among other things, by At Ahold Delhaize, company-wide 2020 targets were
reducing the added sugar and salt content in food as identified for two areas that play a vital role in the
well as reducing the packaging and portion sizes, com- overall ambition to make healthier eating an everyday
plemented by providing a wider range of alternative reality: the own-brand range of healthier products and
products that contain less sugar and salt. nutritional labelling.
As regards sugar reduction, the focus is on foods enjoyed The retailer aims for nutritious products to make up 45%
and consumed by children, such as breakfast cereals. of own-brand sales coming from nutritious products (in
The strategy for reducing salt focuses on food catego- Europe according the Choices International criteria) in
ries that are regularly consumed and which account for 2020. In 2016, it achieved 42%.
a large share of the daily salt intake.
With its 2025 Reduction Strategy, Lidl Germany is tak-
ing responsibility seriously and supports the Federal
Government's approach to advocating more conscious
diet and exercise choices.
7BELGIUM UK
AHOLD DELHAIZE / TESCO
DELHAIZE Since January 2015, Tesco has removed over 8,000
tonnes of sugar, fat and salt from more than 2,000 prod-
Delhaize in Belgium developed the ‘Better for All’ pork
ucts, including breakfast cereals and yoghurts, and was
project in 2014 to increase the healthy and affordable
the first major supermarket to comply with the UK gov-
options available in its meat assortment. The retailer
ernment’s sugar levy across all its own label soft drinks.
worked with the Healthy Farming Association Benelux
It is estimated that Tesco customers are now consuming
to develop feed made from a mix of grains (partly flax
on average over 20 per cent less sugar from Tesco soft
seeds) and is naturally richer in Omega 3 fatty acids than
drinks than in 2011.
traditional, corn-based feed. This feed results in healthier
meat, with the pork containing at least twice the Omega Tesco developed its own-brand ‘healthy living’ to pro-
3, an essential nutrient, as conventional pork meat. mote a healthier lifestyle with nutritious products.
This range offers two options: “Big on Taste, Lower in
“Better for All” pork helps consumers improve their
Calories”, which offers products with 30 per cent few-
Omega 3 intake, and make a positive impact on their
er calories than comparable products and is aimed at
health. Through the pork products, Delhaize Belgium
people trying to lose weight, and “Beautifully Balanced”,
puts 114 tons of extra Omega 3 on the plates of
aimed at people wanting to make healthier choices. All
its consumers.
the products in the new range have controlled levels of
salt, sugar, fat and saturated fat. They also meet Tesco’s
“Responsibility Deal” commitments to the government
GERMANY, CZECH REPUBLIC, on salt content.
SLOVAKIA, POLAND, BULGARIA,
ROMANIA AND CROATIA
KAUFLAND GERMANY
Since 2015, Kaufland has been continuously reducing
sugar, salt and fat in its private label food range. From
REWE GROUP
the outset in developing new products together with its In Germany, REWE Group has launched a programme to
suppliers Kaufland is determined to provide healthier reduce the amount of salt and sugar in its private-la-
and tastier choices. bel products. By 2020, REWE Group plans to review
all relevant own-brand products and reach improved
One example is its K-Classic Quark Fruit Trio for children, salt or sugar content in at least 50% of its products.
in which Kaufland gradually reduced the amount of sug- The retailer is following the recommendations of the
ar by 12%. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung (German Society
Besides its efforts in product reformulation, Kaufland for Nutrition) and the World Health Organization (WHO)
also engages in raising customer awareness, with nutri- for reducing the amount of salt and sugar consumed
tion experts available online anytime. A weekly leaflet by customers.
regularly provides recipes and tips for a healthy and Concretely in 2018, the first round of 100 sugar-reduced
balanced nutrition. own-brand products will be included in the assortment.
To mark this initiative, REWE is the first German retailer
to allow consumers to vote, which sugar reduced prod-
BELGIUM uct variety should be sold in REWE stores in the future.
In January 2018, REWE customers can buy chocolate
CARREFOUR pudding in 4 packs: one with the original recipe, one
Carrefour has been working for nearly 10 years on reduc- with 20%, one with 30% and one with 40% less sugar.
ing the quantities of salt, sugar and fat (in particular sat- Consumers can then submit their vote for their preferred
urated and trans fats) in its own-brand products and on recipe via the website www.rewe.de/wenigerzucker. The
creating specific lines. In Belgium, these reformulation campaign is supported by a panel including nutrition
efforts have enabled the group to achieve a reduction experts. The winning chocolate pudding variation will
of 7.2 tons of salt and the equivalent of 2,000,000 sugar then make it onto REWE’s shelves.
cubes in own-brand products. In 2017, Carrefour Belgium
set a far-reaching objective: reformulate 125 products to
improve their nutritional quality. Similar initiatives are
being implemented by the Carrefour Group in each coun-
try where it operates.
8AUSTRIA
REWE GROUP
In Austria, REWE Group has already started the reformula- 2017 European Forum Alpbach (EFA), REWE Group’s full range
tion process to reduce sugar, salt and fat a long time ago stores BILLA's Robert Nagele spoke with experts about the
and will continue to do so for the Austrian as well the oth- topic of a healthy diet. The key message was that individual
er international markets. For example, as of mid-2018, the recommendations to consumers work better than general
REWE Group organic brand “Ja! Natürlich” will feature sugar ones when it comes to influencing individual eating behavior.
reduced fruit yoghurts. In discussions about health at the
POLAND AND PORTUGAL
JERÓNIMO MARTINS
The Company looks to contribute to improving public health In launching new products, the company builds on the expe-
through high quality, safe and nutritionally-balanced rience reformulating private brands responds to customer
products, and at the same time promoting healthy eating demand to meet special dietary requirements. This is often
habits. A strategic pillar for sustainable development of its done in partnership with associations dedicated to special-
brands, is its Nutritional Policy, guided by the World Health ised nutrition.
Organization’ recommendations. This is central to its devel-
In Portugal, the Group has developed the Pingo Doce ‘Pura
opment of private brands and meals to meet its over 4.5
Vida’ (Pure Life) range, which covers gluten-, lactose-, and
million daily customers’ needs.
sugar-free products. In the last three years, 48 new lines
Reducing levels of salt, fats, sugars, preservatives and other were introduced, bringing the total to 87, including Chia Seeds
artificial ingredients, and adding fibre, fruit and micronutrients containing high levels of fatty acids (Omega 3) and a source of
wherever possible, are examples of a continuous improvement vitamins B1 (thiamine) and B3 (niacin).
process that can lead to play an important role in preventing
In the same period in Poland, 77 new Biedronka prod-
diseases such as diabetes, osteoporosis and cardiovascular
ucts were introduced, among which the organic-certified
diseases and, in promoting better quality of life.
‘GoBio’ range and several ‘KCalculation’ (limited calories)
Between 2015 and 2017, Jerónimo Martins has achieved sig- ranges designed to be in line with the recommendations of
nificant reductions of these ingredients in some 290 refor- the Instytut Żywności i Żywienia (Polish Institute of Food
mulated products: and Nutrition).
• 988 tonnes of fat;
• 525 tonnes of sugar;
• 164 tonnes of salt.
SPAIN
MERCADONA
Mercadona takes part as a member of the Spanish associa- ier and greener products. Currently fresh juice machines are
tion ASEDAS, along with the Spanish Agency for Consumption, available in all 1,621 stores. Equally, a new product range
Food Safety and Nutrition and the Spanish Health Ministry of healthy smoothies has been introduced, which are made
in the NAOS Strategy, promoting better nutrition, physical purely from fruit and vegetables.
activity and prevention of obesity. This includes reformulat-
At the end of 2016, Mercadona introduced a new healthy
ing products to reduce their fat, sugar and salt content and
snack line called "Superfood", such as Edamame, a cooked
also improved labelling to promote better understanding for
dish made 100% of green soya bean pods from the Far East.
consumers regarding what they eat and to promote change
It also introduced a number of products with great health
towards a healthier diet.
benefits such as chia seeds, bimi (a vegetable similar to
Mercadona is continuously re-evaluating its product ranges asparagus and broccoli) and kale. Other launches include
to become even greener and healthier. The retailer already frozen quinoa, buckwheat pasta, and dehydrated apple and
has 13 centres for co-innovation where it develops new prod- mango snacks, which are without added sugar, and gluten-,
ucts with its customers to capture and fulfil their needs, and fat-, and preservatives-free. Natural sugar substitutes such
adapt to existing trends, such as the introduction of health- as Panela and Agave syrup, were also launched in 2016.
9AUSTRIA PORTUGAL
SPAR SONAE
SPAR started its initiative “SPAR Ernährung heute“(“Spar Aiming to healthy food at its stores Continente, Sonae is
Diet Today“) in 2005. Currently this focuses on healthy focused on available to everyone innovation and devel-
food for children and the reduction of sugar: The reduc- oping the concept of tasty healthy food; meeting differ-
tion of sugar in SPAR soft drinks by 10% has reduced the ent nutritional needs and food intolerances and a strong
amount of sugar by 81 tons each year, the decrease of commitment to quality while contributing to the planet’s
overall-sugar in organic yoghurt saved another 3,6 tons. sustainability.
A scientific advisory board made up of physicians As part of Sonae’s strategy to diversify businesses
and nutritionists is an important part of the initiative. and investment approaches, investments in new “Bio
Together they disc uss new trends in diets and give & Saudável” (Organic & Healthy) standalone areas in
advice on new products. Continente’s stores, as well as in “BRIO” and “Go Natural”,
an organic and healthy supermarket with over 4,000
For the last 10 years SPAR has had an own-brand called
healthy and organic products were made.
“Spar Vital” focused on healthy food, offering sugar, fat
and salt reduced products as well as alternatives to sug- The nutritional profile of products has been optimised
ar. Only those products that meet the strict criteria laid by carefully selecting ingredients and reformulating
down by these experts and approved by the scientific products, reducing the amount of salt, fat (saturated
advisory board can be sold under the brand “SPAR Vital”. fat, trans fatty acids), sugar, additives, preservatives,
and other artificial ingredients they contain. New for-
mulas have also been developed to add more fibre, fruit,
and micronutrients. In order to help those in search of
AUSTRIA healthier diets or with specific nutritional needs, Sonae
LIDL has launched a new line of reformulated products which
include yoghurts, salads, dried fruits, and dehydrated
Lidl aims to continuously reduce the average amount of
fruits and vegetables.
added sugar and salt in its own-brand products. This is
implemented through:
• R educing added sugar and salt in food: In close
cooperation with its suppliers, Lidl Austria has GERMANY
improved the formulation of its products, focused EDEKA
on the energy value of the product. In the process of
EDEKA began years ago with the gradual reduction in the
developing new formulations, the company seeks to
sugar and salt content of its private-label product range.
ensure that they contain less sugar and salt.
It has already significantly reduced the sugar and salt
• Reducing packaging sizes and/or portion sizes: Lidl content of numerous items, for example breakfast cere-
Austria has reduced the packaging sizes of products als, in ketchup and in stone oven pizzas. EDEKA’s aim is
with high-energy values so that automatically less to reduce the sugar and salt content of a product as far
sugar and salt is consumed at each serving. as possible without compromising the taste experience.
• R ange of products: Lidl offers a large selection of However, the sugar and salt content is only one element
alternative products that contain less sugar or salt and in the nutritional and physiological evaluation of a food-
promote them. stuff. For example, EDEKA also includes energy density,
the composition of fats, the carbohydrate content, addi-
In terms of sugar reduction, Lidl Austria focuses on
tives as well as production conditions in its assessment
food mainly eaten or drunk by children like cereals,
and reformulation. One of the key aspects is to retain
desserts, sweets, ready-to-eat products, yoghurt and
the maximum natural goodness of raw materials and
soft drinks. Salt reduction is focused on foods that
ingredients used in the production. We also seek to meet
make up a large part of the daily salt intake in Austria,
this requirement and the specifications of the German
like bread, bread rolls, meat, meat products, ready-to-
Nutrition Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung)
eat products and pizzas.
in our dealings with our suppliers. We also look at and
influence the ingredients for the products to be pro-
cessed by our private-label manufacturers right down
to the level of the raw materials they use.
1011
RESPONSIBLE MARKETING:
GUIDING AND INFORMING
CONSUMERS ON HEALTHY CHOICES
In addition to reformulation, retailers are also active in drawing consumers’ attention,
for example through dedicated promotions, to healthier products and making the healthy
choice attractive and easy. Nutrition labelling and communication have a key role to play
in guiding the consumer to healthier choices.
This area is strictly regulated by EU legislation in particular the Food Information to Consumers Regulation and
the Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation. In addition to meeting these legal requirements, retailers have put
in place additional schemes to inform consumers about the nutritional properties of products. Whether through
colour-coded nutrition labels, nutrition symbols, Front of Pack Guideline Daily Amount (GDA), retailers adopt dif-
ferent approaches to communicate nutrition information in an easily understandable way. Retailers also put in
place advertising policies, often in partnership with national authorities to self-regulate the extent to which they
communicate on products high in sugar, salt and fats.
12Retailers’ commitments
Retailers have put in place a number of initiatives to promote their healthier products through labelling, advertising or in-store communication.
ROMANIA
AHOLD DELHAIZE / MEGA IMAGE
Mega Image in Romania, offers its customers a healthy life- Through in-store product information, educational mate-
style in-store concept called Equilibrium. Each store with rials and trained employees, customers can be assisted in
this concept includes a 130 sq metre corner, offering 2,500 their purchasing decision with healthy choices. Launched
products across 10 categories (food and non-food). Among in January 2015, this concept is now available in nine stores
these products, customers can find sustainably produced across Bucharest.
goods and organic products from specialist suppliers.
GERMANY NETHERLANDS
METRO AHOLD DELHAIZE /
CASH & CARRY ALBERT HEIJN
METRO Cash & Carry works to promote a healthy life- Albert Heijn in The Netherlands, is committed to making
style and provide information about nutrition, foods it easier to find healthier products by reducing sugar
and ingredients as well as physical activity and special and fat in over 100 own-brand items and introducing
diets, e.g. for vegetarians and vegans or allergy suffer- a color-coded guide to help shoppers make informed
ers. This is done, for instance, through an information decisions on carbonated drinks. Albert Heijn also
hotline, leaflets, brochures, the Internet or information puts considerable effort into a responsible marketing
campaigns. In relaunching METRO Cash & Carry’s own- approach for healthy products for kids. RockFrogs is one
brand products, additional pictograms and claims are of the initiatives: a colorful cartoon frog rock band that
used to underline the value of the product. Nutritional makes music and goes on adventures, choosing healthy
aspects are highlighted to ensure maximum transpar- food and drink along the way. The RockFrogs characters
ency for customers. METRO Cash & Carry is continu- are used in categories that have a positive impact on
ously running projects to re-analyse the products, as health such as fruit, vegetables and dairy. All existing
well as nutrition profiles. child-friendly packaging from the Albert Heijn own-
brand products has been removed if that do not meet
the health criteria. The health criteria used to determine
the nutritional standards of the RockFrogs products are
UK the Dutch Choices criteria.
TESCO
In 2014, Tesco announced that it would become the
first major retailer to remove sweets and chocolates
from its checkouts across all store formats, including
smaller convenience stores. In 2017, Tesco introduced
free fruit for kids in over 800 Tesco stores across
the UK.
FRANCE
AUCHAN
As Auchan officially announced in 2017, the company has The scheme is designed to allow consumers to see and com-
started to implement France’s official nutrition label, the pare at a glance the nutritional value of pre-packaged foods.”
Nutri-score, on its own-brand products. Auchan first intro-
duced these in their drive-through pick up points, and this
will be extended to all Auchan stores in France shortly.
The Nutri-score is a voluntary colour-coded scheme, ranging
from dark green to dark orange, accompanied by letters from
A to E, that grade foods according to their nutritional values.
A products are considered to have “the best nutritional quali-
ty” while E products have “the least good nutritional quality”.
13POLAND AND PORTUGAL
JERÓNIMO MARTINS
In addition to complying with technical and legal require- Examples include:
ments on the nutritional composition of products on packag-
•P
ingo Doce's range of lactose-free and gluten-free prod-
ing, the Group has voluntarily adopted more intuitive infor-
ucts, updated every month in accordance with laboratory
mation to enable consumers to make more informed choices
analytical controls;
about the products they buy.
• P ingo Doce’s magazine “Sabe Bem” (Tastes Good), with
In Portugal, Pingo Doce has adopted the “Sem OGM” (No GMO)
an average print-run of 150,000 copies, encouraging the
label for products whose ingredients which might otherwise
re-use of food and the fight against food waste;
have been genetically modified; a calorie icon and symbols
on alcoholic beverages advising against consumption by • B
iedronka’s campaign, in partnership with Instytut
pregnant women; it also includes icons for products that are Żywności i Żywienia (Polish Institute of Food and Nutrition)
a source of Omega 3, lactose-free, gluten-free, without add- Gang Świeżakow (Freshies Gang), encouraging children
ed sugar and without fat; as well as clearly labelling Pingo to eat fruit and vegetables through a collection of soft
Doce cold meat products that have low fat content with the toys; a digital application offering educational games;
“Escolha Saudável” (Healthy Choice) symbol, in cooperation a book for children, promoting healthy food habits; and
with the Portuguese Heart Foundation. the “Codziennie Bądź w Formie” (Get in shape every day)
campaign, through which it provided a special telephone
In Poland, Biedronka has adopted symbols for vegan diet
service to advise consumers to make healthier nutritional
and for organic products and has included icons for products
choices and to read product labels
that are a source of Omega 3, lactose-free and gluten-free.
Several campaigns were developed to provide consumers
with additional information on food and encourage healthy
eating habits, with a special focus on the Mediterranean Diet
and on the younger generation.
AUSTRIA
SPAR
SPAR has a strong focus on information and consumer edu- inform its customers of the latest studies and findings. SPAR
cation. For example its customer magazine “Mahlzeit! “offers offers many healthy and easy-to-cook-recipes in the maga-
a lot of information on health-conscious eating. In addition, zine, as well as on its website and video-blog.
SPAR cooperates with a board of nutritional experts to
POLAND
CARREFOUR
In June 2017, Carrefour Poland launched SENS, a Simplified chasing decisions. It enables them to opt for a healthy and
Nutritional Value Labelling System. This system, developed diversified diet, by raising awareness about the frequency
with a wide range of scientists, establishes a hierarchy of with which individual products should be consumed. The first
food products according to their nutritional composition, and SENS labelled products were launched in September 2017.
divides them into four categories/colours. The objective of
SENS is to educate consumers and help them in their pur-
14PORTUGAL SPAIN
SONAE MERCADONA
Sonae is pro-active on guiding and helping consumers When Mercadona launches a national fruit and veg-
to make healthy choices by (i) providing information on etable campaign, it focuses on reaching out to con-
product packaging either voluntarily modifying product sumers using social media and online channels. The
packaging, including nutritional information or using intention is to communicate and explain the stories
the traffic-light system to provide a healthier and more behind these to consumers.
conscious choice to consumers and (ii) disseminating
For example, in October 2016 Mercadona launched the
nutritional information on a wider scale (providing bro-
“national orange campaign” which lasted till August
chures related to fresh products, as well as commercial
2017. This particular campaign was aimed at promot-
flyers with healthy tips and information for consumers;
ing the health aspects of eating of oranges. Other
providing practical advice in our “Magazine”, through
recent campaigns are national mango and national
specific healthy, gluten-free, lactose-free and vegetar-
potato campaigns.
ian recipes and displaying awareness and information
videos highlighting fresh food). Mercadona has a special section on its website dedicat-
ed to nutrition and wellness, where customers can learn
more about its healthy products and know how to cook
them, and their nutritional properties.
FRANCE, SPAIN, PORTUGAL AND POLAND
AUCHAN
In 2017, Auchan launched a programme « La vie en bleu” Personalised advice to improve consumers’ living such as
(“Life in blue”). Introduced in all the countries of the compa- diet, recipes and allergy warning, is provided via Auchan’s
ny, it aims at promoting and educating about the healthiest app. It uses data from loyalty cards on the products the cus-
products and lifestyle solutions. To ensure its legitimacy, the tomer has bought.
plan was jointly drafted with an independent committee,
As front-line ambassadors with clients, Auchan’s employees
composed of external scientists, doctors, members of official
are fully involved. They can take advantage of “Quizz”, an app
institutions and some of Auchan Retail’s experts.
combining training sessions and possible challenges online, to
The first measure taken in the programme was introducing test employee’s knowledge on health and well-balanced diet.
“blue selection products”, a range of products, clearly identi-
The project “La vie en bleu” has already been launched in
fied on shelves as the best-balanced for each category. This
most of Auchan Retail countries, as France, Spain, Portugal,
selection is determined by an objective algorithm, choosing
Poland. The few others countries will end the implementa-
products with no questionable substances as GMO, palm oil,
tion of all the actions of the program in 2018.
glutamate… and with the best nutritional people. This “blue
selection” covers both national brand and own-branded
products. The range of products on the selection depends on
each country’s assortment, and as the composition of prod-
ucts may evolve, the selection does, too.
15BEYOND JUST THE PRODUCTS:
PROMOTING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Healthy diets and lifestyles are about more than just providing healthy products. They are
also about balanced diet and active lifestyle. Retailers are paying their part by encouraging
consumers to have a diversified diet and being physically active.
Being in daily contact with consumers, retailers have the opportunity to promote healthy lifestyles. Initiatives
can vary from cooking classes for children to partnerships with sports organisations, all aimed at encouraging
consumers to live a healthy life.
This work is often conducted in partnership with public authorities, public health professionals and other stake-
holders – at the global, national, regional and community level.
GERMANY
KAUFLAND
As part of the European school fruit, vegetables and milk 30 schools, nurseries and kindergartens with fresh and
scheme, Kaufland distributes every week fruit and vege- seasonal fruit and vegetables once per week. In total, more
tables to schools. The EU programme is designed to help than 4,000 children benefit from the weekly supply of vita-
children follow a healthy diet by developing better eating mins. Up till now, more than 114 tons of fruit and vegetables
habits. Since 2010, Kaufland has been providing more than were donated.
CROATIA
KAUFLAND
In September 2017, more than 60% of Kaufland Croatia donated more than 85 tons of fruit and vegetables a year. In
stores across the country started a partnership with 24 this, Kaufland is supporting the existing EU school fruit and
elementary schools, donating fruit and vegetables on a vegetable scheme.
weekly basis for a total of over 12,000 children. The project
16Retailers’ commitments
Many retailers have put in place programs to encourage healthy living beyond just diet. These initiatives often include a digital dimension
and aim at encouraging physical activities.
POLAND AND SPAIN
CARREFOUR
Carrefour has a special section on its corporate website dedicated to ‘taking care of yourself’, giving tips on how to be fit and
have a healthy lifestyle. The site includes information on physical activity, nutritious food for an active lifestyle, energy-boosting
foods etc.
In 2015 Carrefour Poland launched its “ABC of a healthy diet” pro-
gramme: In Poland, in the context of its “For the love of health”
initiative. This was a comprehensive programme to raise aware-
ness among children, teenagers and the elderly about healthy
eating. In cooperation with the Faculty of Human Nutrition and
Consumer Sciences in Warsaw, this programme organised work-
shops to teach people how to design balanced meals without
waste and in line with their budget, and to decode nutritional infor-
mation labels to help them choose products that are both healthier
and affordable.
In Spain, the Nutribus project aimed at children from 6 to 12 years
was launched in combination with Ferran Adrià (a very well-known
Spanish chef), Disney and Carrefour. The objective is to promote
healthy habits in the family: balanced diet with healthy food and
physical activity. All the activities take place in an "adapted" bus
that becomes a kitchen classroom of 250 sqm where children pre-
pare healthy recipes using Carrefour products. Next to the bus is
an area with games for the children to promote the physical activ-
ity. In 2016, 101,773 people took part in this project. In 2017, there
have been over 70,000 participants.
BELGIUM
COLRUYT GROUP
Colruyt Group has launched “Cooking Class” through
out Belgium in 2011, focused on primary school and
last year of kindergarden. This is a practical project
teaching schoolchildren about healthy nutrition
and physi cal activity. Teachers can find educational
material and information on a dedicated website,
including reci pes, instructions for themed classes
and physical activity videos.
AUSTRIA, FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY, POLAND, PORTUGAL, ROMANIA,
SPAIN, SWEDEN & UK
HERBALIFE NUTRITION
Herbalife Nutrition believes that it is hard to achieve real, pose of making the world healthier and happier, the compa-
lasting change in lifestyle on one’s own, so they have devel- ny offers several digital channels which promote a healthy,
oped an approach of Personalisation and Community. This active lifestyle, including Share a Shake, which encourages
includes personalised coaching by its network of distribu- its users to be creatively healthy by combining their favour-
tors, and community support via Nutrition Clubs, Fit Camps, ite fruits, vegetables and flavours with Herbalife Nutrition
and Weight Loss Challenges. These communities help ensure products, along with producing a range of shake recipes.
customers’ success by connecting them with distributors Another website Discover Nutrition, hosted by the com-
who develop personalised plans and educate customers on pany, offers practical, easy-to-follow advice from world-
best practices in nutrition and fitness, while keeping them class experts in the field of inner nutrition, fitness and outer
motivated to reach their goals. As part of its declared pur- nutrition (beauty).
17POLAND AND PORTUGAL
JERÓNIMO MARTINS
Biedronka has been cooperating with Danone, Lubella and In cooperation with the vegetable supplier Green Factory and
Instytut Matki i Dziecka (Polish Institute of the Mother and the Instytut Żywności i Żywienia (Polish Institute of Food and
Child) for over a decade in the Partnerstwo dla Zdrowia Nutrition), Biedronka has developed the Zielona Kraina (Green
(Partnership for Health) to fight malnutrition in children. The Earth), engaging with more than 13,000 4th grade students
Company supports two projects under this partnership: in over 3,600 primary schools since 2015, offering free work-
shops that included preparing meals, games and talks with
• The Mleczny Start (Milk Start): a social product range, sold
nutritionists and cooks.
exclusively at Biedronka, offers low-price food solutions and
provides up to 25% of the daily needs in vitamins and min- In Portugal, in partnership with ABAE – Associação Bandeira
erals recommended for a child’s healthy growth. These are Azul Europa, we cooperated in the Eco-Cooks project to raise
sold without any associated profit, with a monthly average the awareness among students of topics such as food, nutri-
of 1.4 million units sold in 2017 and totalling, since it was cre- tion and sustainable agri-food production. Over 200 students
ated more than 10 years ago, over 200 million units. participated in a number of contests that took place to prepare
complete canteen menus with local and seasonal ingredients.
• the Śniadanie Daje Moc (Breakfast Gives You Strength) pro-
gramme which, in a playful way and using learning materials,
aims to raise the awareness in children up to the age of three,
their parents and teachers, of the importance of the first
meal of the day, for balanced nutrition and healthy growth. In
2017, 8,318 schools (more than half of the primary schools in
the country) and 275,758 children took part in activities.
GERMANY
AUSTRIA, BELGIUM, THE CZECH
EDEKA REPUBLIC, FRANCE, ITALY,
PORTUGAL, SLOVAKIA,
EDEKA developed the ‘EDEKA Food/Nutrition Pyramid’, SPAIN, SWEDEN
giving their consumers detailed information on how to
build and maintain a healthy lifestyle. They also devel- EDENRED
oped a ‘Mix-teller’ concept, to help consumers make the The company’s FOOD Programme (Fighting Obesity
healthy choice when preparing a meal. through Offer and Demand), launched in 2009 as an EU
funded project, aims to promote healthy eating at the
The EDEKA Foundation also sponsors childhood educa-
workplace with two target groups: the working popula-
tion in the whole of Germany through three successful
tion and the restaurants where they go for lunch. They
projects to convey the importance of healthy nutrition
are reached thanks to the Ticket Restaurant® network
to pre-school as well as primary and secondary school
which is a powerful channel allowing participants to act
children in an age-appropriate, activity-based manner.
on the food offer (restaurants) and demand (employees).
"Vegetable Patch for Kids" is aimed at youngsters in kin-
The programme involves of 26 public and private part-
dergartens and day care facilities, who sow and plant,
ners (Health Ministries, Nutritionists, Researchers,
look after and then harvest their own vegetables in
etc) from 9 European countries (Austria, Belgium, the
raised beds.
Czech Republic, France, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain,
"Exercise – Eat Healthier" appeals to children in grades Sweden) who have developed nutritional recommenda-
3 and 4 while "Fit for my Life" appeals to students in tions for employees and restaurants. These recommen-
grades 7 and 8. dations are disseminated to the two target groups using
adapted communication tools.
All three projects are part of the national action plan
"IN FORM - Germany’s national initiative to promote
healthy diets and physical activity”, launched by the
Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture and the Federal GERMANY
Ministry of Health.
METRO
METRO AG’s retail line Real is committed to raising awareness
with its customers by providing information about “healthy
THE NETHERLANDS nutrition”. An example is the internet portal “Better Living”,
where the customer is informed about health and nutrition
LIDL topics like: losing weight, healthy nutrition and physical
To encourage healthy eating habits among children, Lidl activity. Customers can also call a hotline where they can ask
Netherlands gives away fruit for free at all its stores in questions about nutrition, health and sustainability. METRO
the Netherlands, placing boxes of fruit in its fresh prod- Cash & Carry regularly publish “METRO Inspiration” with reci-
ucts sections, inviting children to pick a piece. pes and ideas on healthy cooking, publication of own cooking
books (for example cooking book "Das Gute Essen") and train-
ing their customers like professional chefs.
18PORTUGAL
SONAE
Implementing Sonae’s health and nutrition strategies entails Sonae has developed a number of partnerships with differ
the need to exchange with customers also far from the shop. ent entities, each with a specific focus and special label
Sonae has thus built a program of educational actions in ling. These partnerships include: (i) Portuguese Cardiology
schools and suppliers and even in internal cafeterias, to offer Foundation – on products with cardiovascular benefits; (ii)
and promote a healthy and balanced diet in primary schools, Portuguese Diabetic Association – on ideal portions and
incentivise local fruit and vegetable consumption; encourage products with a positive impact on glycemia; (iii) Portuguese
healthy activities to promote healthy lifestyles – in events Celiac Association – identifying gluten-free products with
such as marathons, family festivals, delivery of fresh fruit. the association’s logo; (iv) creation of a Scientific Council of
The retailer has also signed several joint pledges on fight- the Producers’ Club in order to promote innovative trends to
ing obesity and communicating on products with high level farmers and (v) creation of the Producers’ Academia Club,
of sugar to children with food and drink manufacturers and which aims to help producers become more specialised and
distributors companies. SONAE is the only retailer committed knowledgeable.
to this initiative.
SPAIN
MERCADONA
Two years ago, Mercadona, together with five important Mercadona learn more about consumer habits and to edu-
consumer confederations and associations in Spain, devel cate the consumer about healthy products.
oped a common platform called "Mesa de Participación"
Mercadona is also a member of the "Foro Interalimentario",
(Table of participation) which collaborates with the Spanish
and has signed an agreement with the Galician government
Agency for Consumption, Food Safety and Nutrition. Through
to promote healthier lifestyles in the Galician population,
this platform, which involves more than 2,000 participants,
especially amongst children. With this collaboration, it has
Mercadona has developed a survey of more than 50 ques-
organised several contests for children where they draw an
tions for consumers to learn more about trends and other
example of a healthy meal. Mercadona has also printed a
factors that influence shopping, labelling and healthy life-
comic, with popular cartoons on healthy eating that has been
style. This survey and the work of this platform, which also
distributed in schools and hospitals.
publishes articles and research about healthy eating, helps
FRANCE
CARREFOUR
In 2017, Carrefour France launched a website named "Bien- The objective of this digital ecosystem is to provide tools for
être pour tous" (“Well-being for everybody”) to inform their understanding the challenges of today and tomorrow relat-
customers on the need for a healthy lifestyle. This website, ed to nutrition, environment, health and well-being, to offer
which is part of a global programme about perception and key information to act every day, and to engage in social
protection of oneself, is structured around four areas: eating networks about those issues. The ultimate goal is to engage
well, feeling good in our body, comfortable about oneself, everybody in conserving or in adopting the right behaviour to
safe for the environment. ensure their physical, mental and social well-being. Topics
covered include GMOs, organics, antibiotics, biodiversity,
urban farming, pesticides, food waste, origin, animal wel-
fare, physical activity.
GERMANY
EDEKA
The EDEKA Group’s strategy guiding the further devel
opment of its private-label brands forms an integral
part of a holistic approach to "Balanced Nutrition". It
revolves around educating our customers help them
develop a sense of personal responsibility. Promoting
consumer knowledge about food and nutrition is a pri-
mary concern for EDEKA, and it is for this reason that the
EDEKA Foundation has been involved for ten years now
in projects designed to boost understanding of nutrition
among children and adolescents.
19GREECE
AHOLD DELHAIZE / AB VASSILOPOULOS
AB Vassilopoulos in Greece promotes a healthy life style, partic- panies. This has been a successful programme and enhances the
ipating in company games for the past 4 years. Employees are notions of team spirit and healthy competition.
invited to join team sports and compete against other Greek com-
CZECH REPUBLIC
AHOLD DELHAIZE / ALBERT
Albert in the Czech Republic helped support the brand's chari internal Facebook page.
table foundation by sponsoring a run and walk for employ
The Albert Foundation helps support the growth and devel-
ees in August 2017. The event combines healthy exercise and
opment of children from socially challenging environments,
philanthropy, including the preparation of fresh fruit for col-
including programs that encourage healthy lifestyles for kids
leagues in their workplaces, stories about a healthy lifestyle
and their families.
for employees and a live chat with a nutritionist on Albert's
SERBIA
AHOLD DELHAIZE / MAXI
A group of Belgrade kindergarten teachers, with the support of table. The “Small Farmers” initiative was launched this year
Maxi in Serbia and lettuce vendor Iceberg Salat Center, spent to educate children and help them to love healthy food and
a morning in a lettuce field as part of Small Farmers, a project learn where their favourite vegetables come from. The project
to help kids learn more about healthy eating and the work involves more than 1,200 kids in kindergartens and primary
involved is bringing farm vegetables from the garden to the schools throughout Belgrade.
THE NETHERLANDS
AHOLD DELHAIZE / ALBERT HEIJN
With 75% of Dutch consumers not eating the recommended 250 to do with vegetables and how to include them in an all-day diet –
grammes of vegetables per day, Albert Heijn is lending a hand with not just dinner. With Facebook Messenger, Albert Heijn customers
a new personalised service via Facebook Messenger called the can have direct contact with a team of online Vegetable Coaches
"AH Vegetable Boost." The new service was prompted by research for tips, fun facts, recipes and inspirational videos, all with one
called "How are the Dutch eating vegetables?" followed by an goal: to inspire customers to eat more vegetables.
online campaign. Research shows that not everyone knows what
BELGIUM
AHOLD DELHAIZE / DELHAIZE
Delhaize in Belgium wants to encourage children to eat more agriculture and responsible consumption respectful of the plan-
healthily through increasing seasonal and local consumption of et; teaches students how to enjoy fruit and vegetables through
fruit and vegetables. Through time Delhaize is fulfilling its com- creative cooking; and provides a family recipe book to encourage
mitment to actively communicate with children (between 8 and 12 kids to cook at home. The GoodCook Program, launched success-
years old) around healthy eating habits and the relevance of eat- fully in 2017, is an opportunity to measure the impacts of children
ing fruit and vegetables in 2018 and 2019. To do this, we launched eating habits and encourage an increase on the consumption of
the Good Cook Program, in partnership with GoodPlanet Belgium. fruit and vegetables.
The program organises workshops in schools to educate about
UK
TESCO
Tesco developed a ‘Health & Wellbeing’ app. This app helps
consumers balance their diets with the Food and Fitness
diaries, Diet Plan Wizard and fun daily wellbeing challenges.
20MULTI-STAKEHOLDER INITIATIVES
INVOLVING OUR MEMBER ASSOCIATIONS
National retail associations play a critical role in supporting and encouraging members
to take actions in favour of healthy diets and lifestyles. They often participate in mul-
ti-stakeholder partnerships involving national authorities. These projects cover a wide
range of actions such as reformulation, education programmes, advertising, etc. Below
are examples of what our members have been doing in this important area.
BELGIUM
COMEOS
Together with FEVIA (Belgian food manufacturers) and UBA In 2009, COMEOS and FEVIA signed a new pledge with the
(Belgian advertisers), our member the Belgian trade associ- aim of reducing salt intake by at least 10% between 2008
ation COMEOS is a signatory of the Belgian Pledge, an agree- and 2012, in which they have been successful.
ment following up on an earlier (2004) initiative which led
Besides the Belgian Pledge, COMEOS (together with FEVIA)
to an advertising code for food products. The initiators aim
signed a Balanced Diet Convention with the Minister of
to engage food businesses to commit to responsible adver-
Health. This engagement includes the reformulation of food
tising to children regarding certain products with nutritional
products (such as cookies, yoghurts, breakfast cereals etc.)
values that do not fit in a healthy diet. After 5 years of com-
as well as a general reduction of calories by 5% between
mitment, the Pledge has extended in 2017, includ¬ing more
2012 and 2016 (FEVIA) and 2017 (COMEOS) (either by refor-
advertising channels than before.
mulation or by reduction in portion size). Further reformula-
tions (e.g. for ready-to-eat meals) will be carried out by 2020.
THE NETHERLANDS
CBL
Agreement on Reformulation (Akkoord Verbetering The Wheel of Five (developed by the Netherlands Nutrition
Productsamenstelling): In 2014, the Dutch Government, our Centre) is designed to give your body enough of the products
member the retailer organisation CBL, Horeca-organisation that provide health benefits, as well as all the nutrients you
(KHN), catering-organisation (Veneca) and the Dutch Federation need every day. The wheel has five segments: fruit & vege-
for the Food industry collectively signed an Agreement on tables, bread, grain, cereal products & potatoes, fish, meat &
Reformulation, aiming to lower salt, (saturated) fats and cal- eggs, dairy, fats in spreads & oils, and beverages. The members
ories in products. The industry itself sets the maximum stand- of CBL work to help customers choose products that fit in the
ards per category. The condition is that the standards are fea- Wheel of Five in their shops, in recipes and consumer magazines.
sible, but also have sufficient ambition. In addition, a scientific
advisory committee gives advice. The selection of the product
categories is based on relevance for public health and opportu-
nities for reformulation. Today, 15 such agreements have been
made and 9 more categories are under discussion for 2018.
Together with other stakeholders, CBL are partners of the
Dutch multi-stakeholder initiative ‘JOGG’ (Jongeren op Gezond
Gewicht). JOGG is a project whereby several stakeholders coop-
erate to make healthy nutrition and physical activity attractive
to young people. It involves for example promoting healthier
food at schools and in sport clubs.
22SPAIN SPAIN
ACES ASEDAS
The store chains associated with ACES have been devel-
oping a number of initiatives framed within the Spanish Reformulation: Expanding the offer
Strategy for Nutrition, Physical Activity and Prevention of healthy products:
of Obesity (NAOS) and adapted to their respective busi-
ASEDAS members participate with the Spanish Agency
ness models. These initiatives include:
for Consumption, Food Safety and Nutrition and the
• The reformulation of products which retailers have Spanish Health Ministry in the NAOS Strategy. This pro-
been reducing the presence of salt, saturated fats, add- motes better nutrition, physical activity and prevention
ed sugars over many years to provide healthier options of obesity. This also includes reformulating products to
and specific lines of food / products to meet even more reduce fat, sugar and salt content and improve labelling
ambitious goals. to foster better understanding by consumers in relation
to what they eat and to promote changes leading to
• They are also implementing a number of projects and
healthier diets. ASEDAS is now awaiting the signature of
initiatives to promote healthy life styles, reinforcing the
a national agreement to reduce added sugars in a wide
consumption of fruit, vegetables and other fresh foods
range of products.
within a balanced diet with national education pro-
grams for both their clients and their own employees. All company members are or will be re-evaluating their
product ranges to make them healthier.
• Participation in and promotion of various research and
technology studies in collaboration with the scientific Currently, Mercadona, DIA and others members have
community in different topics related to the improve- fresh juice machines in almost all the stores. These offer
ment of the nutritional knowledge of the products, freshly squeezed orange juice, a product of maximum
applying this extensive knowledge in the improvement quality and health.
of their products.
• The development of communication and information Responsible marketing:
projects to the consumer through different media such guiding and informing the consumer
as their own brochures, their websites, social network, about healthy choices:
and information at the point of sale.
All company members promote healthy lifestyle cam
• The roll-out of different campaigns to prevent child- paigns on their social media channels (web, Facebook,
hood obesity. Twitter, blogs…). All of them include a series of actions
providing as much information as possible to the con-
• The use of new technologies to reach more people and
sumer and promoting healthy lifestyles.
be able to immense nutritional information on food,
recipes, and tips.
Spanish Collaboration Plan
ACES, ANGED and ASEDAS have joined the Collaboration Plan for improving the composition of food 2017-2020 promot-
ed by the Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, within the framework of the NAOS Strategy.
Among other measures, the objective of the Plan is to reduce the levels of salt, sugar and fats in several products of
habitual consumption in the period from 2017 to 2020.
In this sense, distribution companies in collaboration with their suppliers will promote changes and technological
improvements in their products to adapt to the measures included in this Plan, adapting it to their business models and
interests and needs of their customers.
Spanish distribution companies offer their consumers an assortment of products that cover all their nutritional needs,
in conditions of accessibility for all, with guaranteed quality and food safety at the highest level and at very competitive
prices, so that all kinds of consumers can develop a healthy diet.
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