Shared Value in the 4IR Opportunities for the TMT industry
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Shared Value in the 4IR Opportunities for the TMT industry June 2021
"The COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated the opportunities and challenges that the 4IR brings, in ways no recent event in history has."
Shared Value in the 4IR | Foreword
Foreword
The COVID-19 pandemic has hurtled the world into a future that was only
previously imagined. It has brought debates on the Fourth Industrial
“Technology is rapidly
Revolution (4IR) and its impact on society to the forefront. In the last 18 weaving itself into the
months, we’ve seen changes at every level of society. The way we approach
education, healthcare and social services, and the way we do business has fabric of human life. This
been transformed. has brought about an
Technology is rapidly weaving itself into the fabric of human life. This has enormous leap in quality
brought about an enormous leap in quality of life, consumer choice,
convenience, globalised trade and socio-economic development, but it has
of life, consumer choice,
also brought with it deepening inequalities and societal divisions, as well as convenience, globalised
concerns about the intrusiveness of technology companies and our right to
privacy.
trade and socio-economic
development, but it has
In light of this magnificent transition, the South African telecommunications,
media and technology (TMT) industry finds itself in an interesting position. also brought with it
It is both a perpetuator of change and a responder to change. This also
puts the industry in a unique position to ensure that the potential benefits
deepening inequalities
of the 4IR are maximised and that it is shared as broadly as possible. and societal divisions, as
This report illuminates how a shared value (SV) approach can assist TMT
well as concerns about
companies in using technology to solve societal problems. The report the intrusiveness of
focuses on three opportunities for high impact: digital access, digital
inclusion and “tech for good”. It also sheds light on the innovative work technology companies
being done by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in ensuring an inclusive and our right to privacy.”
4IR. The WEF will soon launch Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in
South Africa (C4IRSA) – a so-called “do tank” – where it will aim to enhance
the benefits of technological progress through collaboration and
entrepreneurialism.
Technology is not inherently good or bad. It is up to us to harness its
potential for good. And as we look back on a year of unprecedented
change, we see there is more potential than we ever thought possible.
01
Shared Value in the 4IR | COVID-19: A catalyst for 4IR COVID-19: A catalyst for 4IR The COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated the opportunities and A number of the large telecoms and technology companies challenges that the 4IR brings in ways no recent event in history followed suit. Vodacom pioneered a free virtual school with has. It is no longer something we are anticipating; it is here with educational content for all grades. MTN provided zero-rated us and here to stay. It has become so ubiquitous that some of online resources on Siyavula.com, while Microsoft offered the transitions we have made as a globalised society took place students free access to Office365 at Mahala.ms1. seemingly undetected. Education In response to social distancing measures, the education sector launched the largest digital education programme yet, comprising of online learning material and revision classes distributed on radio and television. 02
Shared Value in the 4IR | COVID-19: A catalyst for 4IR
Retail small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs). This was
Online retail grew by approximately 40% during nationwide articulated by DTIC Minister Ebrahim Patel when he stated that
lockdowns. The growth was largely attributable to consumers the department “look[s] forward to future engagements with
who may otherwise not have adopted online shopping2. the [retail] sector to address how to create more jobs in the
Omnichannel retailers experienced a similar surge, although sector and retrain workers displaced by the shift to
online gains have been partly offset by declines in e-commerce”. He also committed to “ensure that there is space
brick-and-mortar trading. for local small businesses and youth-owned enterprises as
suppliers of goods and providers of digital platforms and
The rise in e-commerce brought with it a growing disparity delivery services”4.
between powerful global manufacturers and local traders.
According to a survey conducted by the United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), small
merchants were least equipped to sell their products online3.
The Department of Trade, Industry and Competition (DTIC) has
recognised the need to provide more systematic support to
03
Shared Value in the 4IR | COVID-19: A catalyst for 4IR Healthcare The South African healthcare industry has tried for many years to scale up telemedicine as a means of distributing health-related services, but healthcare regulations hindered progress. Social distancing measures necessitated a relaxation of guidelines by the Healthcare Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), which made largescale virtual consultations possible. A partnership between Discovery and Vodacom offered free, virtual consultations to the public. One tele-triage provider, which offered COVID-19 screening services, reported that 97% of interactions with users took place without a face-to-face referral5. 04
Shared Value in the 4IR | COVID-19: A catalyst for 4IR Mobile technology This enables data subjects to have control over the manner and Many governments and healthcare providers across the globe method in which their personal information is kept6. This raises introduced contact tracing apps in an attempt to gauge the questions about the precedent being set regarding data rights spread of the disease and adjust lockdown restrictions in the future. accordingly. In the same token, the South African government partnered with the University of Cape Town (UCT) to develop a contact tracing app called Covi-ID. The app signalled the largest human geo-tagging project in South African history. The app presented a shift in the way personal data is stored and managed. According to Norton Rose Fullbright, the app “collects users’ personal locations and their infection statuses and stores the data on the individual’s phone using a technology called ‘self-sovereign identity’”. Data is therefore not stored on a centralised government or private-sector database. 05
Shared Value in the 4IR | COVID-19: A catalyst for 4IR Social services The initiative brought about R53,379,830 in contributions The use of technology permeated relief care and social services towards food vouchers, resulting in 26 406 vouchers being surprising speed. Within a month, digital food relief initiatives issued by November 20208. were being rolled out by pioneering organisations such as the DG Murray Trust. The trust partnered with retail technology service provider, Flash, to create a R2 million electronic food voucher system named “CoCare”. The system enables a more efficient allocation of food by eliminating the risk of food waste and feeding vulnerable communities simultaneously. The CoCare voucher programme works with local and regional Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) to determine which communities are most at risk of food shortages7. 06
Shared Value in the 4IR | COVID-19: A catalyst for 4IR
Technology and society
The COVID-19 pandemic has catapulted technological progress There are many organisations working towards the beneficial
forward and put us in the throes of the fourth industrial application of technology. Tech For Good9, for instance, is a
revolution. Technology is not inherently good or bad. It is for movement that focuses on the intentional design, development
this reason that the pandemic-driven modernising leap is willing and use of digital technologies to address social challenges.
us to think more deeply about our relationship to technology at Similarly, CODE4SA10 is a local group that uses data and
a personal, societal and government level. technology to promote informed decision-making towards
social change. The World Economic Forum (WEF) is driving
How do we harmonise the technologies and digital tools we use initiatives like “Internet For All”11. The initiative seeks to use
with our personal beliefs? When are we comfortable, for multi-stakeholder partnerships to facilitate the establishment of
instance, to share personal information with technology physical and digital platforms at a global level in an attempt to
companies? At a societal level, will this meteoric progress help millions of the hardest to reach people to access the
enable us to bridge disparities like economic inequality or will it online world.
exacerbate the marginalisation of the most vulnerable? Will
governments be able to strike a balance between creating a
more progressive framework to promote innovation and
holding the powerful accountable?
07Shared Value in the 4IR | Shared Value (SV): Re-enforcing meaningful transformation
Shared Value (SV):
Re-enforcing meaningful transformation
Deloitte’s Value Beyond Compliance (VBC) practice is built on The next section outlines three key opportunities for the TMT
the premise that there is the potential for synergy between industry to create shared value in a technologically driven
economic performance and social progress. The principles African future: providing digital access, improving digital
underlying the practice is aligned to Michael Porter’s concept of inclusion, and driving “technology for good” initiatives.
“shared value” (SV): the idea that profitable business models can
be designed so that they solve social problems. To achieve it,
businesses must go beyond simply ticking boxes to comply, but
"The Telecommunications industry
actively drive strategies that promote social progress. can become the connecting force
In the TMT industry, companies need novel ways to manage through which we achieve
rising stakeholder demands and increasing regulation requiring
developmental impact. Companies in the TMT industry have
inclusive and sustainable growth
recognised this, and as a result have prioritised digital access, in the 4IR."
digital inclusion and environmental sustainability in their
corporate strategies. Studies have shown that mobile
ownership combined with internet connectivity is associated
with wellness improvements. According to the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU), a 10% increase in mobile
broadband penetration can lead to a 1.8% increase in gross
domestic product (GDP) in the case of middle-income countries,
and as much as 2% in low-income countries12.
There are a number of opportunities for companies in the TMT
space to be a force for good in the 4IR. Their involvement is
particularly critical in light of the developmental challenges
occasioned by the ever-expanding “youth bulge” in Africa. The
number of young people on the continent is expected to rise to
830 million by 205013, and in South Africa, the youth presently
make up 30% of the population14.
The Telecommunications industry can become the connecting
force through which we achieve inclusive and sustainable
growth in the 4IR, because it is uniquely positioned to drive
impact through technology and to contribute to key outcomes
outlined in the National Development Plan (NDP), such as
raising employment through faster economic growth, improving
the quality of education, skills development and innovation, and
building the capability of the state to play a developmental,
transformative role.
08Shared Value in the 4IR | Opportunities in the TMT sector
Opportunities in the
TMT sector
(1) Digital access with awareness campaigns to ensure goodwill towards the
Digital access is the ability to fully participate in a digital society. brand is generated broadly. Lastly, when it comes to battery
The response to the COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of theft specifically, companies should consider investment in
physical places of interaction. Internet access has become the private solar power solutions for communities without reliable
primary vehicle for collaboration and the exchange of access to the grid. This would remove the criminal demand for
information. An estimated 4 billion people across the globe are batteries and will play a developmental role in marginalised
not connected to the web15. In South Africa, only 51% of the communities.
population enjoys internet access16. Organisations like the WEF,
alongside a number of advocacy groups across the world, are (2) Digital inclusion
championing “internet for all” in order to mitigate the The issue of digital inclusion is closely related to digital access.
compounding effects on socio-economic indicators brought Where access focuses on connecting the unconnected, digital
about by a lack of internet access. inclusion is centred on empowering underserved communities
to participate in the online world. Where access relates to
According to a white paper by the WEF and the Boston technology and infrastructure, inclusion relates to people.
Consulting Group (BCG), some of the barriers to digital access
are a lack of infrastructure and affordability. The demand for technology-related jobs is set to increase by
1.2 million in South Africa by 203019. According to a report by
Infrastructure is a tremendous hurdle to digital access in the the International Finance Corporation (IFC), 230 million jobs in
developing world, especially in countries with large rural Sub-Saharan Africa will require digital skills by 2030, resulting in
populations and dwindling investor confidence. In South Africa, almost 650 million training opportunities20.
infrastructure vandalism remains a marked concern. Cable theft
alone has led to estimated losses of R5-7 billion a year17, and Many multi-national technology companies, such as Microsoft,
battery theft has reportedly increased significantly in periods Hewlett Packard (HP) and Amazon Web Services (AWS), are
where load-shedding was applied. opting to invest in skills development programmes such as AWS
free cloud computing skills training and HP Life, a free
A number of telecommunication companies have launched skills-training programme.
initiatives to battle infrastructure vandalism. MTN launched a
community tip-off initiative which has led to some success. A
marketing campaign encouraged ordinary citizens to report
“Efforts at ramping up security
theft, vandalism, or any suspicious behaviour on a toll-free alone have not succeeded in
anonymous line. MTN, in collaboration with security teams and
the South African Police Service (SAPS), was able to recover over deterring theft and vandalism.
R1 million in stolen batteries18. Many telecommunication
Efforts at ramping up security alone have not succeeded in companies who have spent
deterring theft and vandalism. Many telecommunication
companies who have spent excessive amounts on cameras,
excessive amounts on cameras,
geo-trackers and security personnel have little to show for it. It geo-trackers and security
is clear that reactive approaches are not as effective as
preventative approaches. personnel have little to show for
it. It is clear that reactive
When we view infrastructure vandalism from an SV perspective,
a number of strategies emerge that addresses the root cause of approaches are not as effective
the issue. In order to incentivise communities to assist against
infrastructure vandalism, community ownership schemes can
as preventative approaches.”
be explored. These schemes have the additional benefit of
improving BBBEE scores. Telecommunications companies can
increase brand loyalty in host communities by increasing
corporate social investment (CSI) spend and scaling up local
development initiatives. This should be done in conjunction
09Shared Value in the 4IR | Opportunities in the TMT sector
However, these programmes only begin to scratch the surface (3) Tech for good
of what is possible to meet local demands. When viewing the “Tech for Good” is the intentional design, development and use
situation from an SV perspective, it is clear that organisations of digital technologies to address social challenges24. TMT
like these needs to not only focus on developing basic digital companies can play a key role in creating and promoting
skills but need to review the rules for entry level positions. technological – and uniquely African – solutions to the
Companies need to recruit and groom talent beyond those with continent’s developmental challenges.
university or TVET qualifications, especially since higher
education is inaccessible to the majority of young people due to Nowhere is this better illustrated than by the South African
unaffordability and being historically disadvantaged in terms of government’s technology-driven engagement solution for
quality of education21. Moreover, making remote working COVID-19-related queries. When the first few COVID-19 cases
positions available to new entrants can reduce transport and were recorded in South Africa, the Department of Health (DoH)
housing costs, increasing take-home pay. Lastly, multi-national set up phone hotlines to deal with queries from the public, but
telecom and technology companies can take collective action to soon call volumes became too large to manage. To address this
absorb young talent into entrepreneurship initiatives that foster problem, the DoH partnered with technology non-profit
innovative thinking and provides the necessary support to Praekelt to develop an interactive WhatsApp chatbot that
transform good ideas into commercially viable products and responds to common pandemic-related questions regarding
services. The added benefit of supporting local entrepreneurs is symptoms, treatment, statistics and preventative measures.
that it has a multiplying effect because successful Within 10 days after the bot went live, more than 3.5 million
entrepreneurs will inevitably become employers and buyers of South Africans had engaged with it. The initiative was so
other goods and services. successful in South Africa that the World Health Organisation
(WHO) adopted the technology for its own global helpline25.
In the 4IR, there are close links between digital inclusion and
financial inclusion. A study by the Tufts Fletcher School22 A space to find technology-driven solutions
examined the likelihood of 6 African countries to “leapfrog” The WEF is driving a number of initiatives to positively shape the
ahead of its economic growth trajectory with the spread of relationship between technology and society. The WEF Centre
mobile technology. Although South Africa stood out as a for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in South Africa (C4IRSA) will
regional leader in creating digital jobs and the deployment of soon be launched and is intent on serving as a catalyst for
emerging technologies, it fell short in its digital money score. In collaboration in the age of digital transformation. According to
2017, 60% of South Africans engaged in digital payments, but the WEF, the centre will function as a “do-tank” and will be a
the number drops to 30% for the population’s poorest 40%. champion for ethics and values in technology.
The report recommends that digital payments capabilities be
made more inclusive. Similarly, an article by Forbes23 on the The centre will furthermore support curated projects and
ability of technology to address South Africa’s pervasive engage with diverse stakeholders, including regulators, to
inequality highlights efforts by technology companies to make it develop policy frameworks that can be applied across
easier and more affordable to send money. Innovative solutions industries.
such as the simple point-of-sale device pioneered by Yoco and
the peer-to-peer payment app developed by Slide are making it
easier for South Africans to access, and become part of, the
formal financial system.
10Shared Value in the 4IR | Opportunities in the TMT sector
Affiliate centres across the globe will be connected by the C4IR Conclusion
Network, which aims to join together governments eager for The scope for the TMT industry to play a role in increasing
tools to shape the trajectory of technology with businesses digital access, digital inclusion and the use of technology for the
eager to accelerate the benefits of new technologies to society. societal good is boundless. The time to bring SV strategies into
It provides a unique platform to cultivate communities of core business strategies is now – as we find ourselves on the
thought leaders, the world’s foremost technology companies, cusp of a new industrial and economic reality. Good
start-ups, investors, public authorities, and leading academic momentum has been created, and the groundwork has been
institutions. laid for initiatives that drive real results. All that’s left now is for
the world of TMT to adopt it.
One of the first projects to be launched by the centre works
with a cohort of SMMEs to improve their productivity by using
Internet of Things (IOT) technologies, enhancing cross-SMME
collaboration and providing ongoing financial and expert
support to the cohort. The WEF found that there are a number
of barriers that inhibit the adoption of new technologies by
SMMEs, including lack of access to capital and few skilled
employees. The objective of the project, therefore, is to
increase the ability of the SMMEs to participate in local markets
and supply chains, and to eventually compete globally. The
project is linked to the ‘Policy Protocol’ developed by the WEF,
the Ministry of Economy of Brazil and the Brazilian State of São
Paulo, which aims to help policy-makers deliver on a more
inclusive Fourth Industrial Revolution26.
11Shared Value in the 4IR | Contributors
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12Shared Value in the 4IR | Contributors
Contributors
Khutso Sekgota Andrew Lane Judy Hofmeyr
Director, Strategy Director, Strategy Manager, Core Business Operations
Deloitte Africa Deloitte Africa Deloitte Africa
ksekgota@deloitte.co.za alane@deloitte.co.za jhofmeyr@deloitte.co.za
Lungile Mahluza Harsha Desai Christine Chetty
Director, Human Capital Senior Manager, Strategy Senior Consultant, Core Business
Deloitte Africa Deloitte Africa Operations
lmahluza@deloitte.co.za hardesai@deloitte.co.za Deloitte Africa
cchetty@deloitte.co.za
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