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A technology for all Why LTE Cat-1 is transforming cellular connectivity For more information contact us at: www.quectel.com
Disclaimer
The material in this booklet should not be regarded as purely technical advice or relied on for
assistance in any particular circumstance and/or particularly for the design and development
of a life saving device. In any important matters, you should seek the appropriate Quectel
technical support and/or independent professional advice in relation to your inquiry. Quectel
accepts no responsibility or liability for any damage, loss or expense incurred as a result of the
reliance on information contained in this booklet.
This brochure has been prepared for LTE CAT-1 product marketing purposes only and does not
indicate Quectel’s commitment to a particular course of action. Additionally, any third-party views
or recommendations included in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of Quectel, or
indicate its commitment to a particular course of action.
All information supplied herein is subject to change without prior notice.
Copyright
The information contained here is proprietary technical information of Quectel Wireless Solutions Co.,
Ltd. Transmitting, reproduction, dissemination and editing of this document as well as utilization of
the content are forbidden without permission. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages.
All rights are reserved in the event of a patent grant or registration of a utility model or design.
© Quectel Wireless Solutions Co., Ltd. (“Quectel” in this booklet), Shanghai China, March 2020.
2
Introduction
We are living in a hyper-connected world in which basically every connectable thing either has
already been connected, or is in the process of being connected. We are also witnessing
unprecedented situations and facing challenges, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, climate change,
wildfires, an ageing population, to name but a few.
There is little doubt that IoT plays an important role in combating the pressing challenges the world
faces.
When it comes to companies, IoT is definitely a key enabler in increasing their efficiency and
productivity. As a result of new revenue streams in tech companies, IoT can also contribute to a
country’s economy by increasing its GDP.
It’s absolutely remarkable how IoT technology has evolved in a very short span of time. As a result
of rapid development, companies now need to take into account many different aspects of IoT
technology and carefully evaluate the pros and cons of various technologies before they can
decide which one to use. One aspect of IoT technology is especially important and still remains an
essential concern both for IoT device makers and designers. That is, connectivity. Finding and
deploying an appropriate and optimum solution for an IoT network is not an easy task. The right
decision would create competitive advantage, resulting in a faster and higher RoI. Conversely,
selecting an inappropriate connectivity solution may result in a project failure. Original design and
equipment manufacturers (ODMs/OEMs) have to answer many questions concerning total cost of
ownership (TCO) of the selected connectivity technology. These questions include cost of module,
global coverage, communication costs, technology sunset and the maturity of an ecosystem, and
so on.
As 2G/3G sunset is inevitable, the IoT industry is going through a transition period that involves the
migration to a modern network. There is a wide range of choices available, including CAT-M1 and
even NB-IoT. However, an increasing percentage of the IoT industry is looking for an all-in-one
solution: excellent coverage that ensures reliability, cost advantage, future-proven technology,
optimal airtime and data tariffs, global spectrum allocation for perfect roaming, seamless cell
handover, VoLTE, and so forth.
Our intention in writing this booklet is to assist you in choosing the right connectivity technology,
and in doing so simplify your decision-making process. We will cover various LTE technologies, but
will pay special attention to LTE CAT-1, as it has the potential of being one of the most appropriate
technologies to optimally address connectivity issue in a wide range of applications, in a cost-
effective manner. Maybe it could even be that all-in-one solution for your particular case?
3
1. LTE Evolution
High End During the 2G era, the Global System for decrease. The price reduction created a
IoT use cases Mobile Communication (GSM) never became positive feedback since economies of scale
Massive a true global standard as its name might could reduce the price even further and thus
Smartphone suggest, although it was a breakthrough in make LTE technology (or some of its
communication technology. It could be said categories at least) more affordable to a wider
High End
that 3GPP was basically formed to develop a range of IoT use cases. But this didn’t happen
Smartphone
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System overnight.
(UMTS), a system based on the GSM
Massive IoT standard, albeit capable of avoiding issues LTE was primarily launched as the high-end
encountered in GSM. Unfortunately, again, no connectivity technology for smartphones.
unique standard was agreed upon. Higher categories of LTE, as well as 5G, are
very power-hungry and complex, and thus
For almost a decade, 3GPP carried on difficult to fabricate as a system on a chip
Price
standardizing the next generation of radio (SoC). As a result, higher LTE categories are
access networks called Long-Term Evolution more expensive and only suitable for high-end
(LTE), mainly to address a big threat created IoT categories where latency and bandwidth
by the rival Wi-Max standard. This is when LTE are pivotal. By contrast, lower LTE categories
categories were introduced and LTE evolution require weaker processors and are, therefore,
began. more cost-effective.
Before LTE was introduced, there was In order to satisfy requirements for a wider
Time Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), a range of IoT use cases, LTE Category 1 (LTE
technology with a few decades of history and Cat-1, or just CAT-1) was introduced in the
Figure 1, LTE journey towards Massive IoT
yet capable of offering more bits per hertz 3GPP Release 8, and later on further
compared to other modulation schemas. In enhanced with a new set of Power Saving
fact, a more powerful digital signal processor Mode (PSM) features in Release 12, which
(DSP) can handle more vectors to be was published in December 2014. CatM1/NB
multiplied and then solve mathematical is optimized for lower data rates and includes
Parameters 2G 3G CAT-1 CATM1
Hardware cost (Module) 10.00 5.82 5.73 7.09
equations in the receiver in order to harvest a power saving feature. Nowadays, CAT-1 is
Global Coverage 7.64 7.18 8.64 3.00 data. Due to affordability as well as low considered as an indispensable connectivity
Ecosystem 7.73 5.73 8.36 4.27 consumption of RISK processors, which are technology for IoT due to its widespread
Future Proven
1.00 2.27 8.36 7.82
ideal for handling QAM, LTE was soon able to coverage and cost advantages.
Technology
scale up and dominate the connectivity
Link Budget 5.27 5.73 6.18 8.27
market. So, as time goes by, LTE technology is
Power Consumption 5.18 4.64 5.36 8.18
becoming more and more available and
OTA 6.27 8.45 9.91 8.36
Speed UL 3.00 7.36 9.09 6.73 As processors evolved, so did the LTE affordable for mass deployment in IoT devices
Speed DL 2.27 7.36 9.09 6.73 standard. At the same time, the price of (see Figure 1).
matured versions of LTE devices started to
Table 1, Key Metrics Evaluation (relative)1
1Source: internal research, please refer to the description in this chapter.
4
• High throughput
• High cost
5G
4G
• High power consumption 4G Cat 12
• Low latency Cat 6
4G
Cat 4
3G 4G
Medium rate, mobility, voice
Cat 1
2G
4G
• High throughput Low power consumption,
Cat M small data and low cost
• High cost
• High power consumption
NB-IoT 5G
• Low latency
Evolution toward Evolution toward Time
cellular LTE-A/5G cellular LPWAN
Figure 2, Cellular Technology Comparison
2. Technology Comparison
Hardware cost IoT is a vast market with very broad use Each expert was asked to give a score
10.0 (Module) cases. There is no superior or prevalent between 1 to 10 for each parameter, with 1
9.0
Speed DL 8.0 Global technology, however, as different applications being the lowest score and 10 the highest.
7.0 Coverage
6.0 might use different connectivity technology The higher the score, the better the overall
5.0
4.0
due to various reasons. While for instance 2G results are. For instance, all experts gave the
3.0 is still very attractive in developing countries score 10 for hardware costs of 2G modules. In
2.0 Ecosystem
Speed UL 1.0 because of its ubiquity, the same technology is other words, all experts believe that 2G is the
0.0
not suitable in North America due to its sunset. best choice (compared to other technologies)
Therefore, there is no universal prescription for if the cost of a module is a decisive parameter.
Future selecting the best cellular connectivity.
OTA Proven Based on these key metrics, we can see that
Technology
In the following diagram (Figure 2), we see that CAT-1 shows the best or second-best results
Power
Consumption
Link Budget all cellular technologies developed after 3G for most parameters compared to other
tend to fall into two groups. The first group, technologies. However, it is important to
2G 3G Cat-1 CatM1
depicted by a red line, continues the trend set emphasize that these findings should be
Figure 3, Radar Illustration of Table 1 forth by 2G and 3G technology. Namely, all treated just as general guidelines. The authors
these technologies are characterized by recommend that every company conduct their
increased throughput, costs, power consumption own due-diligence based on the actual facts
and decreased latency when compared to that may differ geographically and vary from
their predecessors. This group represents the one vertical to another, or even between
evolution of cellular networks towards the LTE various use cases.
5G-mmWave Advanced (LTE Cat-4, LTE Cat-6, and LTE Cat-
12) and 5G networks. The second group, on The life cycle of various cellular technologies
5G-Sub6
the other hand, is characterized by decreased is illustrated in Figure 4. While 2G and 3G
Cat20
throughput, costs, power consumption, and technologies are moving towards the end of
Cat12 increased latency. This group, depicted by a their respective life cycles, new technologies
Cat6 yellow line, shows the evolution towards Low are emerging and are becoming more and
Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN), and more suitable for new use cases. We can see
CatM1
includes LTE Cat-1, LTE Cat-M, NB-IoT, and that CAT-1 becomes an essential technology
NB-IoT
2G low-power 5G networks. in IoT.
Cat1
3G
Cat4
In this booklet, we will mainly talk about the Figure 4, An estimated illustration of global
latter group, as the focus of this article is CAT- IoT connectivity life cycle.
Sales
1 technology and its relationship to 2G / 3G
technology and other LPWAN networks. Before we compare CAT-1 technology to other
LPWAN technologies, let’s first briefly see what
In April 2020, we conducted an internal the main characteristics of this technology are.
research study with the aim of comparing the
key metrics of four different technologies. The In short, CAT-1 supports a terminal with a
Introduction Growth Maturity Decline
Time technologies that were analyzed were 2G, 3G, maximum downlink rate of 10Mbps and an
CAT-1, and CAT-M1. More than 10 highly uplink rate of 5Mbps, by using 20MHz carrier.
Figure 4, An estimated illustration of global qualified experts contributed to the study. The CAT-1 can also support full-duplex FDD/TDD
IoT connectivity life cycle findings are illustrated in Table 1 and Figure 3. modes, as well as Voice Over LTE (VoLTE).
5
2.1 CAT-1 vs. NB-IoT
NB-IoT was released by 3GPP in September
2015. Mobile network operators and original NB-IoT is suitable for smart metering, smoke
design manufacturers have widely adopted the sensors, and other similar applications, where
technology as their first choice due to its CAT-1 is viewed as overkill. All these
unique features and the commercial prospects applications are stationary or require basic low
in the future. NB-IoT provides improved indoor speed mobility.
coverage, support for large number of low
throughput networks for the IoT, has high Generally speaking, NB-IoT is not considered a
sensitivity, ultra-low device cost, lower power competitor of CAT-1.
consumption, and optimized network
architecture.
2.2 CAT-1 vs. CAT M1
CAT M1, also known as LTE-Machine-to- network. Both the base station and the core
Machine, is an IoT technology based on the network need to upgrade software.
LTE evolution. It is called low-cost machine-
type communication (low-cost MTC) in So, the question remains: what are the key
Release 12 and LTE-enhanced MTC (eMTC) in advantages of CAT-1 over CAT-M1? The key
Release 13. It was defined to be a native part missing item is cellular network readiness.
of 5G in Release 16. CAT M1 aims to meet the CAT-1 is considered as native in LTE, whereas
needs of IoT devices based on the existing LTE CAT-M1 has to be purchased by the mobile
carriers. eMTC is deployed on the basis of network operators (MNO) as an add-on. CAT 1
cellular network and supports the maximum doesn’t require software and hardware
peak rate of 1Mbps for uplink and downlink. upgrades for the base station, so there are no
network coverage costs. China’s and India’s
There are some differences on VoLTE between MNOs have selected CAT-1 since they
CAT-1 and CAT M1. As already stated, CAT-1 advocate that whatever CAT-M1 can offer is
can fully support VoLTE at its high bandwidth. already incorporated in CAT-1. The debate is
Due to the fact that CAT M1 belongs to the ongoing and many other MNOs across the
narrow bandwidth category, it cannot provide globe have either given up on the
the best user experience. implementation of CAT-M, or have postponed
it. Obviously, in the absence of network
CAT M1 needs to replan frequency resources coverage for CAT-M1, CAT-1 remains the
on the FDD900 or FDD1800 of the existing optimal alternative for multiple IoT use cases.
6
2.3 CAT-1 vs. CAT-4
The main difference between the two networks of CAT-1 and CAT-4 chipsets and platforms,
is the fact that the CAT-4’s focus is mainly the and the cost difference between the two
high rate market, whereas CAT-1 is suitable for technologies was not attractive enough to
the medium rate market. boost CAT-1.
As already mentioned, CAT-1 supports a However, the market dynamism is changing
maximum downlink rate of 10Mbps and an due to the demand for CAT-1 from China’s
uplink rate of 5Mbps, whereas CAT-4 has a ODMs/OEMs. Qualcomm and other players
maximum download rate of 150Mbps and an introduced the new CAT-1 platform with a clear
uplink rate of 50 Mbps. Both CAT-4 and CAT-1 cost advantage over CAT-4. It’s foreseen that
support 20MHz RF and baseband bandwidth, there will be a significant impact on CAT-1
and have dual antennas, although CAT-1 shipments due to economies of scale and
widely uses a single antenna (if near the 3 dBm technology advancements in designing and
level). producing a low-cost CAT-1 platform. The new
CAT-1 platform was preliminarily designed and
As both technologies use the same network, produced to satisfy domestic market
there are no extra costs of deployment on the consumption, but it is expected that it will
MNO’s side. Since LTE has been developing become an optimal IoT solution worldwide.
for some years now, the network is relatively
mature. Figure 5 illustrates some of the use cases
suitable for NB-IoT, LTE-M, or CAT-1
Traditionally, Qualcomm was the main supplier technology, respectively.
Figure 5. Applications for each technology
7
3. CAT-1 Market at a Glance
10% As IoT evolves and becomes ever- (Figure 8) estimated close to 28 million
expanding, the number of possible IoT units for the same year. In the same
use cases increases as well. Individual report, Berg Insight forecasted that CAT-1
30% applications will often require different
data speed. A rough estimation of the IoT
module shipments in 2020 would exceed
55 million units worldwide. Whilst ABI
market according to data speed is given Research forecasts that shipments will
in Figure 6. As can be seen from the continue to grow and will exceed 212m
60% diagram, 60% of use cases belong to the pieces in 2023. Although forecasts have
low-bit rate segment, while only 10% to be re-adjusted due to the impact of
need very high throughput. The medium the Covid-19 pandemic, it claims that
Figure 6. IoT market segmentation per data speed3 rate market, in which LTE Cat-1 plays an LTE CAT-1 will play a vital role in
important role, accounts for 30%. This connecting devices in upcoming years.
LTE-M matches Ericsson’s prediction that by the The upward trend is forecasted to
LTE CAT-1
5% 1% NB-IoT end of 2025 the number of cellular IoT continue mainly due to the CAT-1
13% connections will have exceeded 5 billion, dynamism and its market size in China to
out of which 28% will be LTE2. The mid- be followed by India.
LTE CAT>3 range applications demand reliable and
21% cost-effective communication solutions, As a general rule, when a new
and these requirements are successfully technology is introduced, its costs are
fulfilled by LTE Cat-1 technology. high. Over time and with the evolution of
new technology applications, the module
As can be seen from Figure 7, the CAT-1 costs gradually decrease. The cost
3G module comprised 5% of market share in reduction has, therefore, a positive
7% 2G 2019. According to Techno System impact on IoT module shipments, which
53% Research (TSR), total CAT-1 module will continue to grow. This is illustrated in
shipments in 2018 exceeded 22 million Figure 9.
units worldwide, whereas Berg Insight’s
Figure-7 Module Market by Shipment in 20194
250.0
212.7
High Cost
200.0
Application development brought
Millions Units
150.0 135.8
by the low cost iteration
100.0 82.6
53.9
50.0 31.8
17.4
7.4
Low Cost
0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Growth route of Module cost Time
shipment volume
Figure 8, LTE-CAT-1 Module Shipment5 Figure 9. The correlation between connectivity costs and IoT shipment volume
2 Source Ericsson Mobility Report | November 2019
3 Source estimation Quectel
4 Source Berg Insight
5 Source ABI Research
8
3.1 Global Coverage
LTE is the most ubiquitous network ever seen. are already 791 operators with commercially
In fact, except for a few exceptions (see launched LTE networks (offering broadband
Figure 10), all other countries have already fixed wireless access and / or mobile services).
rolled out LTE. According to the General Such high adoption essentially ensures that
Service Association (GSA), in early 2020 there CAT-1 devices are globally deployable.
Figure 10. Countries without LTE
3.2 Existing Use Cases
CAT-1 has proven to be suitable for a wide range of legacy use cases, which have millions of
devices already connected:
• Smart Grid
• Tracking
• Wireless Payments
• Portable Batteries
Smart Grid Tracking Wireless Payments Portable Batteries
Figure 11, Examples of existing use cases
9
3.2.1 Smart Grid
Leveraging cellular connectivity is an Thanks to the decreasing cost of modules, and
irreversible trend in utilities. However, selecting rapid LTE and LPWA coverage enhancements
the right communication “pipe” is becoming a by mobile network operators internationally,
real challenge, mainly because of business utilities now have a greater tendency to use
process changes. The companies have to cellular connectivity as the backhaul of their
decide whether they want to outsource ICT as Smart Grid communication network. Table 2
a Service, that is, Infrastructure as a Service compares technical and communication
(IaaS), or to build and run their own requirements for three cellular networks. It’s
communication and IT infrastructure. In other quite evident that in regions in which CAT-M1
words, they have to decide between an OPEX- is not available, CAT-1 can be used instead
oriented approach and CAPEX-oriented due to its technical superiority and cost
approach, respectively. advantages.
Application Technical Requirements Technology
Speed (kb/s) Latency NB-IoT Cat-M1 CAT-1
1 Smart Meter 1Phase 10-20 Minutes √√ √ X
2 Smart Meter 3Phase-DC 20-50 Seconds
to Minutes √ √√ √
3 Smart Meter 3Phase-CT/PT 50-100 Seconds X √√ √√
4 Demand Response 14-100 500msec
to Minutes √ √√ √√
5 Renewable and Distributed 20msec to
10-60 X √√ √√
Energy 15 Sec
6 Storage Systems 10-60 20msec
to 15 Sec X √√ √
7 Electrical Vehicle Charging 2 Sec to
10-100 √ √√ √
Station 5 Minutes
8 Alarms and Monitoring (RTU) 600-1500 20-200msec X √ √
Table 2, Smart Grid Application and Cellular Networks
3.3 Future Use Cases
With the development of CAT-1, new use cases will appear in the near future, such as:
• Low-End Cameras (Cloud-Based Cameras)
• Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC).
• Voice over LTE (VoLTE)
• Smart Wearables
POC VoLTE Smart Wearables Low-End Cameras
Figure 12, Examples of emerging use cases
103.3.1 Low-End Cameras
(Cloud-Based Cameras)
Businesses are moving to cloud-based video compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of
surveillance solutions due to cost advantages 12.9% by 2026. CAT-1 is considered a suitable
and reliability. Video Surveillance as a Service technology to fulfill technical requirements for
(VSaaS) is projected to gain 52.98% at a low-end cameras.
VSaaS
Figure 13, Cloud-Based Cameras
4. Quectel Advanced CAT-1 Modules
Quectel offers many CAT-1 modules, which meet a wide range of customer requirements.
Based on the package format, we can divide them into two groups:
LCC format
Module Features
EC21 series Optimized for regional coverage. DFOTA/GNSS/VoLTE support, OpenLinux.
EG21-G Global coverage, GNSS multiple constellation support
LGA format
Module Features
EG91 series Embedded PMU, cost-effective and low-power LTE connectivity
optimized for broadband IoT applications. Pin-to-pin compatible with
2G/3G/LPWA/Cat.4 module:M95/UG95/BCx5/BG9x/EG95
EG912 Cost effective, pin-to-pin compatible with 2G/3G/LPWA/CAT 4 module:
EC100Y/M95/UG95/BCx5/BG9x/EG95
Quectel’s CAT-1 products are based on Qualcomm and ASR platforms, so they can satisfy all
possible requirements.
115. QuecOpen
QuecOpenTM is an open source embedded QuecOpen integrates enough services and API
development platform based on the Linux libraries in the upper layer, so that customers
system, which is intended to simplify the can develop their own functions directly by the
design and development process of IoT services. Some of the supported services and
applications. In the QuecOpen solution, the API libraries include voice call service, SMS
module acts as the main processor. The ever- service, firmware update service with firmware
developing communication technologies and over the air (FOTA) and delta firmware upgrade
changing market make it hard for customers to over the air (DFOTA) modes, data connection
find the right solution for their needs. service, security service, C runtime library,
QuecOpen is capable of meeting many OEM component libraries, and so on. If
customers’ needs when it comes to the design developers are familiar with Qualcomm
and development process of IoT applications. chipsets, they can call QMI and MCM libraries
Therefore, more and more customers are to simplify their development.
recognizing the advantages of QuecOpen.
Firstly, with the assistance of QuecOpen, the QuecOpen supports multi-language compile,
hardware and software design flow for wireless including C, C++, Perl, Python and shell script.
application is much simplified. Secondly, the Also, Open SDK is supported to provide
solution effectively reduces the product costs, source code and demo for developers’
which is greatly valued by customers. research and development work.
Figure 14. QuecOpen Software Architecture
Standard Module Mode
QuecOpen Mode
Figure 15. Standard module mode vs. QuecOpen mode
12Key features:
High-powered platform Fast development Greater competitiveness
With high real-time QuecOpen SDK provides By directly downloading and
performance, and multi- characteristic examples, running the embedded
threaded and micro kernel, which assist developers in applications within Quectel
QuecOpen transparently fast development. Supporting modules, it is now possible to
manages all LTE-related C-based runtime libraries remove external host
activities to help developers offers developers more processor, memory, and a
natively execute C, C++ and flexibility during the software range of product-specific
shell script-based programs and program design. ASICs, such as IO
on the processor or in the expanders, audio DSPs, and
memory of Quectel modules. many other analog and digital
devices.
6. Conclusion
Quectel’s CAT-1 product portfolio covers a wide variety of modes and
applications that can address a comprehensive range of use cases.
Thanks to the ubiquity and unique attributes of LTE, we believe CAT-1 is
the most suitable technology to replace the existing use cases for 2G/3G
technology within this decade. CAT-1 can also cover all CAT-M1 use
cases wherever there is a lack of CAT-M1 coverage. Even when CAT-M1
coverage exists, there is also an emerging CAT-1 market for the following
use cases: low-end video surveillance, e-scooters and Push to Talk over
Cellular (PoC), to name but a few.
As a public company and market leader, Quectel offers the best
performance in the module industry and is well positioned as the most
reliable partner in the LTE IoT supply chain. Quectel is a global and
trustworthy partner with more than a hundred million IoT modules and
millions of GNSS modules already shipped to customers’ premises. This
demonstrates that Quectel’s IoT modules are the best in class and the
For more information
most suitable choice.
about Quectel’s market
leading portfolio of Quectel is becoming synonymous with speed in the industry thanks to
modules, please contact: our Same Day Action Plan business culture. Quectel has a global sales
marketing@quectel.com and technical support network that provides support as close as possible
to end users.
or visit our website:
www.quectel.com
13Glossary
3G 3rd Generation Khz Kilohertz
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project LPWA Low Power Wide Area
4G 4th Generation LPWAN Low Power Wide Area Network
5G 5th Generation LTE Long Term Evolution
API Application Programming Interface LTE-M Long Term Evolution – Category M1
ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit MCU Microcontroller Unit
ASR Automatic Speech Recognition MHz Megahertz
BOM Bill of Materials MIMO Multiple Input, Multiple Output
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate MNO Mobile Network Operator
CAPEX Capital Expenditure MTC Machine Type Communication
Cat 1 Category 1 ODM Original Design Manufacturer
Cat 4 Category 4 OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
Cat 6 Category 6 OPEX Operational Expenditure
DFOTA Delta Firmware Upgrade on the Air QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
DSP Digital Signal Processor QMI Qualcomm MSM Interface
eMTC Enhanced Machine Type Communication PCB Printed Circuit Board
eSIM Electronic Subscriber Interface Module PMU Power Management Unit
eUICC Embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card PoC Push to Talk Over Cellular
EVB Evaluation Board POS Point of Sales
FAE Field Application Engineer PSM Power Saving Mode
FDD Frequency Division Duplexing R&D Research and Development
FOTA Firmware Updates Over the Air RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
Gbps Gigabits Per Second SDK Software Development Kit
GDP Gross Domestic Product SMS Short Message Service
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System SoC System on a Chip
GHz Gigahertz TDD Time Division Duplexing
GSA General Service Association TCO Total Cost of Ownership
GSM Global System for Mobile Communication TSR Techno System Research
IaaS Infrastructure as a Service VoLTE Voice over LTE
ICT Information and Communication Technology VSaaS Video Surveillance as a Service
IIoT Industrial Internet of Things UE User Equipment
IoT Internet of Things UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
14About Quectel Quectel's passion for a smarter world drives us to accelerate IoT innovation. A highly customer-centric organization, we create superior cellular and GNSS modules backed by outstanding support and services. Our growing global team of 1600 professionals, the largest in the IoT modules industry worldwide, ensures we are first to market and continue to set the pace of development. Listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (603236.SS), our international leadership is devoted to advancing IoT across the globe. Headquarters Building 5, Shanghai Business Park Phase III (Area B), No.1016 Tianlin Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200233, China Tel: +86-21-5108 6236 Marketing: marketing@quectel.com Support: support@quectel.com www.quectel.com Copyright © 2020 Quectel Wireless Solutions Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
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