Study of the effect of Gabapentin oral administration on Lead II electrocardiogram changes in dog
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Scholars Research Library
Annals of Biological Research, 2011, 2 (4) :301-305
(http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html)
ISSN 0976-1233
CODEN (USA): ABRNBW
Study of the effect of Gabapentin oral administration on Lead II
electrocardiogram changes in dog
Neshat Gharamaleki1*, Niazmand Faraz2, Safarmashaei Saeid3
1
Department of Clinical Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2
Department of Veterinary, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
3
Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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INTRODUCTION
Gabapentin is an amino acid analogue of Gama amino butyric acid (GABA) that is effective in
partial seizures (1). The drug originally was designed as anti-spasm, but was revealed that is
more effective as the anti-seizure (1). Nowadays, the use of Gabapentin as a pain palliative
medication after surgery as in hysterectomy(17, 15) , controling of diabetic neuropathy, herpes
virus neuralgia (12), treatment of cancer pain and chronic arthropathy and especially in dogs and
cats for the treatment of recurrent seizures has found extraordinary value. This drug is more
effective in partial and generalized Tonic - clonic seizures in human(1). Gabapentin, despite
structural similarity with GABA,seems that doesn’t act on GABA receptors, But however it
seems that it changes GABA metabolism or its non-synaptic release(1). Gabapentin is the first
pharmaceutical composition that acts with alpha 2 delta sub units of voltage dependent calcium
channels (7) This drug is water soluble and has a half life of 6-8 hours and its absorbed from
small intestine through the large amino-acid transferase system (LAT).The capasity of these
careers is limited and so the effects of the drug is dose-dependent (3) . This drug does not
stimulate liver enzymes and all of it excretes from kidneys,intact (3).This drug has myopathic
effects too(10 , 16). One of the major challenges of Small Animal specialists,is management of
chronic pains in dogs, especially pains of cystitis and degenerative joint disese (DJD) ,and
Gabapentin seems to be able to solve this problem. Therefore, this study has tried to evaluate the
Effect of oral administration of Gabapentin on electrocardiogram changes in dogs. Considering
that anti-seizure drug Gabapentin is a treatment for central nervous system diseases, and because
all previous investigations have been made in human patients, and indeed there is no drug-based
research in this case on electrocardiogram changes of gabapentine in dogs,doing it seems to be
imperative.
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Neshat Gharamaleki et al Annals of Biological Research, 2011, 2 (4):301-305
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study (experimental - intervention), 8 male dogs randomly selected and were tested.
Before the tests, clinical examinations were taken for ruling out of possible congenital and
acquired cardiac disorders and other organ abnormality and because of possible parasitic
contamination, anti-parasite drugs were used. Then, animals were received the oral dose of
Gabapentin products (30 mg/kg body weight). And, at times zero (before drug administration), 2,
4, 8 hours after drug administration, electrocardiogram in lead II was recorded. For recording of
electrocardiogram, one hour before starting, the dogs in groups were taken to a quiet
environment away from the stress of other dogs, and without anesthesia and with gentle
manipulation ,the dogs were lied down on right side and the electrodes were installed in correct
places on the body of dogs. After recording electrocardiogram, heart rate and other factors
Including PR interval , RR interval,QT interval, ST segment changes were analyzed.All of the
electrocardiogram driven data were analyzed by, T tests.
RESULTS
Decreasing of heart rate and increaseing of PR and RR intervals statistically were significant (p
Neshat Gharamaleki et al Annals of Biological Research, 2011, 2 (4):301-305
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Fig 1: Normal sample of an electrocardiogram of dog
Fig 2: Decreased heart rate - Two hours after administration of Gabapentin ( 30 mg/kg)
Fig 3: Sinus block - Two hours after administration of Gabapentin ( 30 mg/kg)
Fig 4: Block level 1 – Four hours after administration of Gabapentin ( 30 mg/kg)
Fig 5: Block level 2 - Four hours after administration of Gabapentin ( 30 mg/kg)
DISCUSSION
In this study, the effect of oral administration of Gabapentin in order to elaborating of dog
heart electrical behavior was performed. and was observed that at the dose of 30 mg per kg,
heart rate was decreased and P-R and RR intervals were increased and words, a type of negative
chronotrope response in the heart of dog.
Such results are gained in other studies by researchers, of course in human.
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In an experimental study of Fassoulaki and colleagues in 2006 in the patients who had to
undergo laryngoscopy surgery and intubation,in a group of patients before laryngoscopy and
intubation Gabapentin was administered and in the control group it was not
administered(6).After intubation that leads to increased blood pressure and heart rate, in the
group treated with Gabapentin, at times zero, one, three, five and ten minutes after intubation,
systolic blood pressure and heart rate was lower than the control group(6,14). In another study
that Yoon and colleagues conducted in 1999, Increased heart rate and increased mean arterial
blood pressure induced in rats with formalin pain can be controlled and reduced by Gabapentin,
and in general the cardiovascular effects of tissue damage can be controlled by the mentioned
drug.(19)
In the study of Cheung and colleagues in 2007 it was observed that asystole induced by pain of
herpes zoster can be controlled with drugs such as Gabapentin, Amitrptylene and fentanyl nasal
spray(5).Different mechanisms of Gabapentin performance are presented in various reference
books. Gabapentin, that is a analogue of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and has a wide
range of treatment, performs a part of its performance through the GABA neurotransmitters(9 ,
13). Gabapentin can do its effects by adjusting the performance of voltage-dependent calcium
channels and Inhibition of sodium channels(8).
Gabapentin can inhibit calcium channels by connecting to alpha-2 delta-1 subunits of calcium
channels and prevent transfer of calcium ions into neurocytes and myocytes(4,11,2).Can perhaps
conclude that Gabapentin in dog heart causes weakened heart function through affecting alpha-2
delta-1 subunits of voltage-dependent calcium channels and this drug can decrease severity of
heart muscle contractions, dose-dependently. In the other hand, because the nature of this drug
is amino acidic, it seems that as a attenuator drug of nervous system, through anti-anxiety
mechanisms, Gabapentin can cause behaviors such as electrocardiographic second degree heart
block, reduced heart rate and etc. Clearly, this study determined the attenuating effects of
Gabapentin on the heart of dog.
However, it seems necessary to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Gabapentin as an analgesic
drug after surgery, a composition of anti-anxiety before surgery, a chronic pain controller after
surgery and a regulator of blood hemodynamic status following laryngoscopy and intubation.
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