THE STATE OF CAPE TOWN CENTRAL CITY REPORT 2018 - A YEAR IN REVIEW
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THE STATE OF CAPE TOWN CENTRAL CITY REPORT 2018 A YEAR IN REVIEW
DEFINING THE CAPE TOWN CENTRAL CITY For the purposes of this report, the Central City’s geographical boundaries mirror the operational boundaries of the Cape Town Central City Improvement District (CCID) — a not-for-profit company mandated to manage and promote the Central City. The 1.62km2 area is marked out by the yellow line on the map that appears on the inside front cover of this report. The area is bordered to the north-east by Table Bay Harbour (the Port of Cape Town), including the V&A Waterfront; to the north-west by the largely residential suburbs known as the Atlantic Seaboard; the City Bowl, to the west and south; and District Six and Woodstock to the south-east. The area is divided into four precincts. Precinct 1, described as the conferencing, hospitality and financial precinct; Precinct 2, the retail hub and heart of the CBD; Precinct 3, the legal and parliamentary precinct; and Precinct 4, referred to as East City. All main road and rail transportation links in the Western Province begin in the Cape Town Central Business District (CBD). These include the N1 highway to Gauteng and the N2, which travels along the southern coast of South Africa to KwaZulu-Natal and beyond. Cape Town International Airport lies on the N2, just 19km from the Central City.
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THIS REPORT
This publication has been designed so that readers
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can easily “find their way” around the Central City, as
the text often indicates in which of the four precincts
ORA
that make up the CBD (P1 to P4) certain activities fall. Joha
HATFIELD
PRECINCT 1 Opening the front cover entirely and having the map in th
(CONFERENCING, exposed while reading will enable quick referencing of op
HOSPITALITY, FINANCIAL) and orientation, and a better understanding of the As
PRECINCT 2 economic activities in the different “regions” and
(RETAIL HUB/ AN
NA of our downtown, as contained in this report. Our
HEART OF THE CBD) ND
ALE deve
PRECINCT 3
(LEGAL/GOVERNMENT)
PRECINCT 4
(EAST CITY)
Resilience is a word that has found its way inclusivity. I know our business sector is also mindful of this,
into many of our discussions over recent and I am looking forward to all of us pulling together to ensure
months, and it has proved to be appropriate that Cape Town continues to be safe, caring, inclusive and
in discussing how Cape Town, its government a well-run city.
structures, partners and our residents With partners like the CCID, I am confident that the City of Cape
approach the challenges that we face. Town will continue to be one of the best-run cities in the world,
Two decades ago, the City of Cape Town continue to be the official festival and events capital of the world
was turning into a grimy, crime-ridden and run-down city centre. as named at last year’s World Travel Awards, and continue to have
Businesses were leaving and people no longer wanted to visit the the lowest unemployment in the country. The City and the CCID
CBD. By now, we all know about the amazing turnaround strategy understand that crime evolves and that new strategies are required
to fix our city centre – and the critical role played by the to ensure that the Central City remains a safe place to work,
introduction of the Central City Improvement District (CCID). invest, play and live. We are increasing resources and adapting our
Business has returned, property prices are at record highs, and strategies to respond to new challenges that have arisen and which
with the tremendous growth we have experienced over the last require new solutions.
decade we are now finding ourselves faced with new challenges.
This city belongs to all of us, and we must be proud of what we DAN PLATO,
have here. We must continue to look after our city and prioritise Executive Mayor of Cape Town
There is more to Cape Town and the Western of the most water-resilient destinations in the world. This will make
Cape than meets the eye. We are a beautiful our city even more attractive to investment and tourism, as the
place to visit but also a top business destination world collectively faces the challenge of climate change.
for new economy firms, and a rising economic As Cape Town and the Western Cape’s official tourism, trade and
powerhouse on the African continent. investment promotion agency, Wesgro is working hard to build on
Our city and province are leading the way. our investment offer, and add to the 200+ major FDI projects that
The Cape Town-Stellenbosch tech ecosystem have landed in the Cape in the past decade, totalling US$ 7.6 billion.
employs more people than Lagos and Nairobi – our two major We cannot do this alone. Partnership and collaboration is the
competitors in this sector – combined, making the Mother City secret to our region’s success. When the entire economic ecosystem
Africa’s tech capital. works, Cape Town and the Western Cape succeeds.
We are also the location of the fastest growing green economy On this note, I would like to thank the Cape Town Central City
in Africa, with 70% of all South African renewable energy Improvement District (CCID) and its partners for all they do to
manufacturing taking place in the Western Cape. ensure a world-class, well-maintained central business district in
And we are a global hub for business process outsourcing, our city. Your efforts are a key ingredient to boosting tourism, and
with the Western Cape home to more than 60% of South Africa’s attracting investment now and into the future.
international BPO seats. To the readers of this excellent publication, we encourage you to
This means that the industries that are poised for growth in the contact our Investment Promotion Unit and Investment One Stop
next decade are tackling the African market from here in our city Shop, so that we can help you build on your investment and the
and province. The future is right here. opportunity that our beautiful city presents.
But leveraging the opportunities of the future also requires We are honoured to be associated with the CCID and we look forward
managing risk in the present, and turning it into opportunity. to working alongside you to grow our city’s and province’s economy.
I am proud of what both businesses and residents in Cape Town
achieved during the recent drought – the worst on record. By TIM HARRIS,
working together to reduce our water use, we helped build one Chief Executive Officer, Wesgro
The Greater Cape Town area has been The roll-out of broadband technology across the city and the
recognised at the tech hub of Africa, with province is helping connect our citizens to each other and to
450-550 tech start-ups in the region, which opportunities, too.
sit cheek by jowl with some of the world’s Cape Town is a dynamic city which goes beyond the idea of
largest tech companies who have made the live, work and play to include eat, see and shop, too. By embracing
decision to invest here. innovation and building resilience to climate change through clean
The city has also recently overtaken energy solutions, water management and sound environmental
Johannesburg as the leading financial centre in sub-Saharan Africa practices, Cape Town has the ability to become a world class smart city.
in the Global Financial Centres Index, proving that it really is a city This is the future economy we are looking to build in which all
of opportunity. of our citizens are able to participate.
As the Western Cape Government, we are embracing technology,
and the digital age as a way to develop and grow the economy. MINISTER BEVERLEY SCHÄFER,
Our goal is to become a global tech hub, while at the same time Minister of Economic Opportunities, Western Cape Government*
developing digital skills and empowering young people. *(until May 2019)
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 16 The digital city SECTION 3 SECTION 4
AN INTRODUCTION 18 Retail economy reportback PROPERTY IN THE TRANSPORT IN
TO THE CENTRAL CITY 20 Retail occupancy rates CENTRAL CITY THE CENTRAL CITY
02 Executive summary 22 Current and future trends 32 Commercial property 44 Transport
03 Cape Town in context for the retail economy trends
04 The Central City in 24 Visitor and eventing 34 Spotlight on: flexible SECTION 5
numbers economy and co-working spaces SURVEYS
27 Accommodation 36 Property investment 46 Results of the online
SECTION 2 by precinct update 2018 residential and retail
DOING BUSINESS IN 28 Film industry 38 Vacancy rates opinion surveys
THE CENTRAL CITY 29 Eventing, exhibitions 40 Residential values
06 From retail to and conferences 43 Residential property IN CONCLUSION
remote working 30 Spotlight on: Cape Town trends 48 Acknowledgements
07 Breakdown of business International Convention and credits
in the Central City Centre
08 Green economy 31 Events and conferencing
12 Investment partners venues
14 Spotlight on call centres
PHOTOGRAPH: Herman Strydom
PHOTOGRAPH: Herman Strydom
executive
summary
Welcome to the 2018 edition of The Another significant theme is that
State of Cape Town Central City Report of Cape Town as a digital city. The city
– A Year in Review, which reflects on was the only African city ranked on
Cape Town’s growth, development and the Savills Global Tech Cities Index,
challenges over the past 12 months. which measures various aspects,
Perhaps the most prominent theme including the business environment,
to emerge from this year’s report is the tech environment, buzz and
that of resilience. According to the wellness, talent availability and
100 Resilient Cities (100RC) network of real estate costs. Easily accessible
cities – including Cape Town – urban broadband, co-working spaces and
resilience is defined as “the capacity of accessibility, among others, are all
individuals, communities, institutions, enablers for these index categories.
businesses and systems within a city While the City’s broadband
to survive, adapt and grow no matter implementation programme is under
what kinds of chronic stresses and acute way, and steps are being taken to
shocks they experience”. address the failing rail system and road
One such stress was the 2018 water congestion, there is still much to do.
crisis. The city successfully avoided Pages 16, 17, 44 and 45 of the report
running out of water (dubbed Day Zero) explore these in more detail.
thanks to a concerted collective effort As in previous years, the report also
01
by people and businesses to reduce considers the many other elements
their water consumption. However, that make up the Cape Town CBD. The
water restrictions remain in place, and publisher, the Cape Town Central City
a new water-saving culture needs to Improvement District (CCID), is just one
continue to ensure the city will never of many organisations working hard to
run out of water. ensure the Cape Town downtown area
In addition, with national load- remains clean, safe, caring and open for
shedding affecting businesses and business.
individuals, and a growing concern We extend our gratitude to every
ROB KANE around waste management, there has individual who contributed to this
Chairman, CCID never been a more appropriate time to year’s edition.
consider how the city is able to respond Most importantly, however, we
to stresses and shocks, and to protect thank the businesses, administrators,
against similar or worse scenarios. visitors and residents who work daily
TASSO EVANGELINOS Page 8 of this report explores the city’s to ensure that Cape Town’s Central
Chief Executive Officer, ability to do so and considers what City remains a vibrant, busy, thriving
CCID steps are being taken by the public and centre for people to work, live, visit
private sector to do the same. and play.
ACCOLADES FOR CAPE TOWN 2018
1. Africa’s top City of Opportunity, placed 5. For the second consecutive year, 9. Amazon announced that it would
24th out of 30 of the world’s leading Cape Town International Airport was establish three data centres in Cape Town.
global centres of finance, commerce named the best in Africa. 10. Africa’s biggest tech hub, employing
and culture (PwC). 6. Ranked 12th out of 15 World’s Best over 40 000 people – twice as many as
2. Number one African city for hosting Cities in 2018, a favourite destination Johannesburg (Cape Innovation and
international association meetings, for for international travellers (Travel & Technology Initiative, Wesgro and the
the 10th consecutive year (International Leisure magazine). Allan Grey Orbis Foundation).
Congress and Convention Association). 7. Named best-value long haul holiday 11. City of Cape Town invited to submit a
3. In March 2019, credit rating Moody’s destination in the UK’s Post Office bid to host the World Rugby Sevens Series
changed its rating of the City of Cape Travel Money 2018 Long Haul Holiday from 2019 to 2022 (SA Rugby Union).
Town from negative to stable, due to the Report. 12. Number one favourite city in Africa
City’s management of the drought crisis. 8. The University of Cape Town and Middle East, for the 17th consecutive
4. Named the World’s Leading Festival ranked 114th in the 2019 Best Global year, and city with the best growth
and Events Destination at the 2018 World Universities Rankings, and top potential (Travel & Leisure readers’ poll).
Travel Awards. university in Africa.
2
| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
CAPE TOWN IN CONTEXT
The Cape Town Central City is an area 1.62km² in size and is the traditional LITERACY
downtown or central business district (CBD) of the Cape Town metropole located National Cape Town’s
in the Western Province of South Africa. The following information offers a deeper functional functional
overall understanding of the CBD, the Cape Town metropole and the Western Cape literacy rate: literacy rate:
in the context of their relationship to the rest of South Africa.
86.3% 99.0%
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
SOUTH AFRICA’S WESTERN
71% Cape Town typically contributes
around 71% of the provincial
GDP. In 2017, South Africa’s GDP per
EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT3
Employment in Cape Town increased to
a record 1.6 million in the second quarter
GDP: CAPE’S GDP:
capita was R88 262, while the Western of 2018 – the eighth consecutive quarter
R3 131 billion R431 billion Cape’s GDP per capita was R97 983. of positive employment growth. The labour
(Q2 2018) (Q2 2018) Cape Town’s was R106 839. absorption rate (the percentage of the
working-age population aged 15 to 65 years
in employment) increased to 55.4% in the
In 2017, the city’s highest gross value-
added (GVA) sectors in its economy
ESTIMATED POPULATION second quarter.
were:1 RATES 2018:2 Cape Town’s unemployment rate of 21.2%,
SECTORS CPT GVA recorded in the fourth quarter of 2018, is the
SOUTH WESTERN CAPE
AFRICA: CAPE: lowest unemployment rate among South
Finance and business +29.7% TOWN
Africa’s major metros. The city’s expanded
services 56 521 948 6 510 312 4 174 510 unemployment rate (including discouraged
Community services +18.2% (11.4%) workers) was 22.0% in the second quarter,
Trade +17.9% which is the lowest, compared with 37.0% in
Manufacturing +14.4% South Africa during the same quarter.
Transport +11.9%
CARGO TONNAGE4
In the third quarter of 2018, 220 947
AIR TRAVEL containers were handled at the Port of
During the second quarter of 2018, 2 407 252 people passed Cape Town, which accounts for 16.9%
PHOTOGRAPH: Bruce Sutherland
of all containers handled in South Africa.
through Cape Town International Airport – 27.0% of the total Currently, the Port of Cape Town is
8 918 395 passengers who moved through South Africa’s maintaining its position as the second largest
three international airports. container handling port. However, capacity
constraints may impact this position in
CAPE TOWN WEATHER AVERAGES the short term. Transnet’s approved plans
ANNUAL TEMP: ANNUAL PRECIP: DAILY SUNLIGHT: ANNUAL NUMBER for a multi-billion rand upgrade to the
17ºC 475mm 8 hrs and OF RAINY DAYS: container-handling facilities should alleviate
11 minutes 101 congestion problems in the medium term.
1 SOURCE: Economic Performance 2 SOURCE: Mid-year population estimates 2018 3 SOURCE: Quarterly Labour Force Survey,
Indicators for Cape Town, Q2 2018 (StatsSA) Q4 2018 (StatsSA)
4 SOURCE: EPIC, Q3 2018
| THE STATE OF CAPE TOWN CENTRAL CITY REPORT 2018 |
THE CENTRAL CITY
IN NUMBERS
THE VALUE OF CENTRAL
CITY PROPERTY
BUSINESS COMMERCIAL & RETAIL SPACE
R42 860 981 211
A TOTAL OF 161
ACCOMMODATION AND TRAVEL 1 062 023m2
Total commercial (office) space
BUSINESSES INCLUDING:
The overall official nominal value of in the Central City:
all property in the CBD, according
23 3 39
to the City of Cape Town’s 2018/19
property evaluation (provisional
figure, calculated prior to the valuation
Embassies airlines Hotels 11.8% Office vacancy rate
as at Q4, 2018
objection phase).
5
Student
5
Car hires
60
Travel
266 478m2
Total retail space in the Central City
R2 798 000 000 hostels services
The value of property, conservatively
estimated and still to be officially
93% Retail occupancy
rate as at Q4, 2018
assessed by the City, which has been A TOTAL OF 44 ARTISTIC STUDIOS
completed in the Central City during
the course of 2018.
61 30 17 2
A total of
R1 747 000 000
The value of property, conservatively
110 architecture,
engineering and
Architecture Engineering Quantity Land
surveying firms
estimated, that is under construction. surveying surveying
including the following:
R4 296 000 000
The value of property, conservatively
21 BACKPACKER ESTABLISHMENTS
A total of 101 Communications, media
and advertising agencies:
estimated, that is currently in the
planning phase
61 Conference
and events
venues
17 Co-working
spaces 8 Advertising
4 Communications
7 Event management
R4 740 000 000
The value of property, conservatively
31 Film and TV production
2 ICT (marketing)
9 Marketing and branding
estimated, that is currently proposed 11 Media
and is hoped to begin construction 14 Printing and publishing
by 2020. 10 Public relations
5 Specialist/other
| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
68 A total of A TOTAL OF 201 FINANCE, INVESTMENT,
INSURANCE AND BANKING OFFICES
Corporate A TOTAL OF 117 ICT AND TELECOMS BUSINESSES
AND general offices A TOTAL OF 96 NGOS/NPOS & INDUSTRY COUNCILS
23 076 TOTAL
NUMBER OF
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES
29 335 NUMBER OF GENERAL
PUBLIC USING
GOVERNMENT FACILITIES DAILY
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL PARTY OFFICES
46
Government
25
Local
62
National
9
Parastatals
28
Provincial
12
Political
agencies government government government parties
RESIDENTIAL SPACE
61 The number of residential
complexes in the Central City
A total of 59 Freight,
customs brokering,
10 13 36
Freight Import and Shipping
361 Number of units sold
(transferred to owners)
shipping, import and forwarding
and
export companies
during 2018 export businesses: customs
brokering
R35 431m2
Average m² price transferred
during 2018
R2 100 000
197
THE TOTAL OF
MyCiTi Bus Rapid Transit
During 2018, a total
of 3 168 313 passengers boarded
MEDICAL ENTITIES a MyCiTi bus within the Central City,
Average price per unit transferred IN THE CENTRAL CITY
during 2018 with 3 159 467 alighting.
77.6m 2
Average size of unit transferred
during 2018
639 A TOTAL OF LAW FIRMS AND
ADVOCATES’ OFFICES
FROM RETAIL TO REMOTE WORKING
Building resilience for a prosperous future
This report is published by the Cape city. It is a recognised technology,
Town Central City Improvement business process outsourcing (BPO)
District (CCID), a public-private partner- and e-commerce hub, with reliable
ship created in 2000 and the first city infrastructure, fast internet speeds
improvement district (CID) in Cape and a commitment to supporting
Town. The annual publication provides a young workforce.
a comprehensive overview of the The city is home to the most tech
in the central city
business of doing business in the start-ups on the continent. The BPO
Cape Town CBD. sector supports call centres for global
The report analyses the state of the companies and online retailers,
Central City, from property values to with a steady pipeline of call-centre
the diverse range of commercial employees.
sectors that have always supported its Despite these positives, Cape Town’s
economy. It also considers other trends. success hinges on the city’s ability
doing business
Cape Town is a recognised tourism to prepare for, and guard against,
and eventing destination, and a magnet the impact of climate change and its
for businesses operating across the attendant consequences.
retail spectrum. It has an active legal Most notably, Cape Town learned
fraternity, a well-serviced financial some significant lessons during the
services sector and is a creative 2018 drought.
centre for the communications Capetonians rose to the challenge,
and design businesses that operate averting Day Zero with globally
within the CBD. recognised success. Businesses are also
In recent years, Cape Town has also taking steps to manage their resources
begun to make its mark as a digital more effectively.
02
6BREAKDOWN OF BUSINESS IN THE CENTRAL CITY
The following is an overall breakdown of the 3 090 businesses to be found
in the Central City, as at the time of publication of this report.
1 038 Retail
venues 110 Architecture,
engineering
& surveying
56 Property &
real estate
639 Legal
101 Communications,
media &
59 Freight, customs
brokering,
shipping &
201 Finance,
investment,
advertising import/export
insurance &
banking 94 Educational
institutions
& resources
44 Employment
& recruitment
agencies
197 Medical
96 Industrial councils
& NGOs/NPOs 117 ICT &
telecoms The city’s success
161 Accommodation
& travel
68 General
corporate/ 44 Artistic
studios
hinges on its ability
to build resilience
17 Co-working
spaces
head offices
52 Specialised
services
As the city recovers from the drought,
businesses, the City administration
and individuals are transitioning from
business as usual to a new normal of
DESPITE SLUGGISH ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES resource sensitivity.
Reflecting on the city’s response
AND RISING COSTS, THE CENTRAL CITY’S to the drought, GreenCape, a not-for-
OCCUPANCY RATE HAS REMAINED STEADY profit organisation that helps Cape
Town industries build resilience,
suggested that, in building water
resilience, businesses should first
consider how they use water, and
then assess how they can either
reduce or reuse water on-site, or
seek alternative water sources.
The organisation identified three
key strategies for businesses to
ensure they can build resilience in
the face of shocks and stresses:
Use partnerships and networks
to drive collaboration;
Prioritise and coordinate efforts;
Drive initially short-term solutions,
while building knowledge and
capacity for long-term solutions.
1 038
In respect of energy security,
RETAIL the City of Cape Town is pushing
VENUES for municipalities to be able to buy
Retail is big business renewable energy directly from
in Cape Town: out of Independent Power Producers,
the 3 090 private formal enabling the city to mitigate against the
enterprises in the CBD, failure of Eskom, the national power
1 038 were classified utility, to supply sufficient power to the
as retailers. nation. If this bid is successful, Cape
Town residents will pay less for cleaner,
more reliable power supplies.
7| THE STATE OF CAPE TOWN CENTRAL CITY REPORT 2018 |
GREEN ECONOMY
As one of the 100 Resilient Cities, Cape
Town is increasingly being recognised
as a leader in resilience. Energy and
water constraints over the past years
have forced City administrators
and also private businesses to think
differently about how they manage
resources and about their ability to
respond to future crises. Committing
to reducing carbon emissions and
mitigating the effects of climate
change, planning for water security
and reducing energy demands are all
part of an important package that will
ensure the city becomes resilient in the
face of shocks and stresses such as the
water crisis of 2018. These efforts to
reform existing systems will facilitate
future investments for the long-term
sustainability of the city.
WATER: RECOVERY AND
FUTURE-PROOFING
The unprecedented drought of
2018 brought into sharp focus the
importance of changing mindsets
around how the city consumes scarce
resources.
At the height of the water crisis,
in March 2018, Capetonians were
restricted to using just 50 litres of
water per person per day. This resulted
in water consumption being reduced
by more than half, from 1.2 billion
litres per day in February 2015, to 516
million litres per day in February 2018.
This is widely recognised as a world
first. By contrast, it took Melbourne
in Australia 12 years to achieve the
same reduction after the “Millennium
Drought” in 2000.
While Day Zero (when water supply
ceases) was averted, the ongoing “new
normal” of being a water-sensitive city
has led individuals and businesses to
reconsider how water is used, and to
implement extensive water-saving
measures.
The hot, windy summer of
2018 reduced dam levels slightly,
8| DOING BUSINESS IN THE CENTRAL CITY |
RESILIENCE CASE STUDY:
Cape Town International Convention Centre2
For the Cape Town International Convention Centre, the construction of the
second building, CTICC 2, not only increased the CTICC’s hosting capacity
but its physical footprint, which grew by 60%. As it expands its operations,
however the City of Cape Town water and waste management is critical.
reports1 that water usage during
the season remained conservative. Over the last year, it has reduced its water consumption by 30% and diverted
Water restrictions were adjusted in 84% of its waste from landfill.
March 2019 from Level 6 to Level 3 to
support the city’s recovery from the WATER: With various water-saving initiatives in place, in the last year its
drought and as a precaution against water consumption dropped from 42 500 kilolitres in 2016/17 to 29 600
uncertain rainfall in 2019 and 2020. – a 30.4% reduction (for CTICC 1 only). The organisation aims to become
The restrictions stipulate collective self-sustaining in the coming year, and it has commissioned a reverse osmosis
water usage of 650 million litres per desalination plant to help achieve that aim. The plant can produce 200 000 litres
day, equating to 105 litres per person of non-potable water in 24 hours and store 400 000 litres – sufficient to meet
per day. Despite these measures, and the CTICC’s maximum demand scenarios.
ongoing water-wise messaging, the
drought had a knock-on effect on the ENERGY: The CTICC experienced a 16.7% rise in delegate and visitor numbers
economy. Cape Town’s vital tourism during the last year, welcoming 486 314 people through its doors. Event
industry reported a drop in tourist numbers also rose, by 8.9%, from 482 in 2016/17 to 525 in 2017/18. This
arrivals of between 15% and 20%, led to a 1.6% increase in energy consumption from primary sources (fuel)
attributed to the drought. In December and energy generation to 31 657.7 total gigajoules. Despite the increase,
2018, Cape Town Tourism reported that consumption has been well-managed.
the industry was slowly recovering
towards stability. The CTICC’s five-year strategy incorporates greater investments in generating
Crisis can lead to innovation. electricity more sustainably and reducing consumption, using methods such
In September, the City of Cape Town as photovoltaic solar panels, solar water heating and heat pumps. Ensuring
launched a new rating system that building management systems always run at optimal levels is another
designed to encourage businesses to key commitment.
improve their water management
practices. WASTE: Waste produced in the last year increased by 22.8%, as CTICC 2
opened its doors, and with the increase in the number of events hosted.
(Please turn over) That said, 84% of waste was diverted from landfill to be recycled.
SUMMARY OF LEVEL 3 WATER RESTRICTIONS
Overall city water-usage target: Swimming pools may only be Commercial car washes may use
650 million litres per day. topped up or filled with municipal municipal drinking water if industry
drinking water if the pool is covered best practice water conservation
Personal water-use limit: 105 litres with a non-permeable, solid pool norms are applied and if at least
or less per person per day. cover when not in use; if backwash 50% of the water used is recycled.
water is recovered; and if rainwater
Watering with municipal drinking is used to top up the pool where Spray parks may operate with
water using a bucket or watering can practically possible. strict management to minimise
is allowed on Tuesdays, Thursdays water use.
and Saturdays before 09:00 or after Vehicles, trailers, caravans and boats
18:00 for a maximum of one hour on may be washed with municipal Tariffs lowered to Level 3 water
those days per property. drinking water using a bucket. and sanitation tariffs.
1 http://www.capetown.gov.za/Media-and-news/Cape%20Town%20keeps%20its%20average%20consumption%20for%20previous%20month%20under%20
600%20million%20litres
2 https://www.cticc.co.za/sites/default/files/brochures/CTICC%20Integrated%20Annual%20Report%202018%20FINAL.pdf
9| THE STATE OF CAPE TOWN CENTRAL CITY REPORT 2018 |
(From page 9)
The tool considers water sources,
how water is used, reduction measures
and effluent management. The City
has also amended water bylaws
and introduced a Water Star Rating
Certification system to help better
manage water resources and future-
proof the city for greater resilience.1
The rating system is designed to
encourage businesses, residential
estates, health and education
institutions and departments to
manage, conserve and preserve
water resources.
To date, the following entities have
been certified:
ENTITY STARS City’s 2018 State of the Environment increase in energy costs to the Cape
Britos Investment Trust 1 Report, between 2012 and 2015, Town economy by 2040 if current
the City reduced its energy-related consumption and emissions patterns
Juno Corporation South Africa 1
carbon emissions by 4.1%. The continue as business as usual. This
Fusion Leather World (Pty) Ltd 1
reduction is attributed to changing would erode the city’s resilience and
TraX Interconnect 2 consumer behaviour, and also ability to resist external shocks and
Aerosol and Cosmetics 2 effective energy efficiency impacts. The City’s Energy2040 model
Vital Health Foods 3 communication campaigns. presents its energy consumption and
That said, the City of Cape Town’s emissions targets for 2020, 2030 and
Vector Logistics Solutions 4
Cape Town Energy2040 report 2040, including measures to achieve
BG Servers 4 suggests that energy consumption and the targets within the residential,
First Rand Group 4 emissions would result in a tenfold commercial and transport sectors.
Portside Body Corporate 4
1 Key points of discussion centred around water and energy security, the amendments to the City’s Water
SAB Newlands 5
bylaw, its Water Star Rating Certification system, and its commitment to carbon neutrality targets.
Old Mutual Pinelands 5
Virgin Active Constantia 5
Astroenergy (Pty) Ltd 5
Businesses have also shifted
their focus towards reducing water
consumption, managing waste and
better management of their energy
resources in general. Some, such
as Virgin Active, Woolworths and
Growthpoint, have set targets towards
net zero water, carbon neutrality and
net zero waste.
ENERGY: REDUCING CARBON
AND CONSUMPTION
Cape Town is building a culture of
energy efficiency. According to the
CAPE TOWN’S CONSUMPTION (RELEVANT CAPE TOWN’S EMISSIONS BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR
TO NATIONAL CONSUMPTION:) CONTRIBUTION (RELEVANT TO CAPE TOWN):
TOTAL PETROL ELECTRICITY TO NATIONAL GDP: TRANSPORT: RESIDENTIAL: INDUSTRIAL: GOVERNMENT: AGRICULTURE:
ENERGY:
7% 10% 6%
AND DIESEL: USE:
11% 31% 24% 12% 3% 1%
10| DOING BUSINESS IN THE CENTRAL CITY |
CLIMATE CHANGE:
MEASUREMENT
AND MITIGATION
In 2017, Cape Town was ranked
among the top five out of 533 cities
in the world for demonstrating
leadership in climate disclosure,
alongside Mexico City, Paris, Sydney
and Vancouver. This measures annual
energy and climate action data for
the Carbon Disclosure Project. These
achievements contribute to the goals
set during the 2015 Paris Agreement,
which committed cities across the
world to reducing their emissions.
The City measures its carbon
footprint every year, and produces
more in-depth reports every five
years.
Under the C40 Deadline 2020
and the South African Buildings
Programme, the City of Cape Town
has committed to achieving carbon
neutrality by 2050, including carbon
neutral new buildings by 2030. These
commitments align with the City’s
Resilience case study: Woolworths Climate Change Policy and resource
efficiency programmes, and extend
With its headquarters in the Cape Town CBD, Woolworths has a widely the City’s Energy2040 programme,
documented commitment to sustainability under its Good Business Journey under which the City aims to achieve
platform, which focuses on various aspects of responsible business practices. a 37% reduction in carbon emissions
Water, waste, energy and climate change form part of these focus areas, by 2040, or 13% by 2022. Voluntary
relevant to Cape Town’s positioning as a resilient city. programmes such as the Green
Building Council of South Africa’s Net
Here’s a summary of some of the steps the business is taking, Zero Certification, and policies and
and targets it has set towards a more resilient and sustainable future: bylaws, will help to facilitate those
To phase out single-use shopping bags by 2020 commitments. Under a R12.7-million
All packaging to be reusable or recyclable by 2022 grant agreement with the US Trade
Helping farmers prepare for water shortages and Development Agency, the City is
Instituting a company-wide drive towards product traceability and ethical also investigating the use of natural
sourcing on key commodities gas, methods to convert methane
Reducing the relative energy footprint by 50% by 2020 gas into energy, and the use of more
Applying green design practices across all Woolworths facilities energy-efficient lightbulbs to reduce
Installing rainwater harvesting and reuse systems at stores, head office carbon emissions.
and distribution centres in the Western Cape This also influences the property
Tapping into an underground water supply that can provide 57% of water sector, as the City considers plans for
at head office developing precinct-scale net zero
Installing water pulse meters in 90% of its stores, to monitor water usage, development conditions and plans to
detect leaks and curb wastage, resulting in a 56% reduction in relative retrofit existing buildings. Incentives
consumption to promote net zero carbon buildings
Helping the WWF to clear alien vegetation that captures up to and precincts will also contribute
7% of South African water resources. to the City’s goals.
11| THE STATE OF CAPE TOWN CENTRAL CITY REPORT 2018 |
INVESTMENT PARTNERS
Several investment agencies operate in the Cape Town Central City,
with a mandate to foster a strong economy, contributing towards the
CBD’s economic viability and future sustainability growth.
These partnerships, supported by 620 people who carry out the link between business and government
relationships across the private and organisation’s mandate to manage decision-makers. It is often the first
public sector, exist to enable businesses the spaces in between the buildings of port of call for foreign buyers, local
to thrive and attract sustainable Cape Town’s traditional downtown exporters and investors looking to take
investments that can secure the future or CBD area. advantage of the region’s potential.
of the CBD. WHERE: 13th floor, 1 Thibault Square, WHERE: SA Reserve Bank Building,
Cnr Long St & Hans Strijdom Ave 60 St Georges Mall (Precinct 2)
(Precinct 1) www.wesgro.co.za
CAPE TOWN CENTRAL CITY www.capetownccid.org
IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT (CCID)
The CCID was established by local CAPE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
property owners with a vision for WESGRO AND INDUSTRY
the Cape Town CBD to rise from the As the official destination marketing, Established in 1804, and representing
prevailing crime and grime to become investment and trade promotion businesses of all sizes and in all sectors,
a sought-after urban environment agency for the Western Cape, Wesgro’s the Cape Town Chamber of Commerce
once again. Since inception, the CCID’s mandate is to “attract and retain foreign and Industry is mandated to serve,
primary mandate has been to keep direct investment, grow exports and enable and lead business. This is
the Central City safe, clean, caring and market Cape Town and the Western achieved via a multitude of services,
open for business. A map delineating its Cape as a competitive business and networking opportunities as well as
geographical boundaries and the four leisure destination globally”. The agency robust advocacy on behalf of business.
precincts that fall within it can be found promotes economic activity in the WHERE: 4th floor, 33 Martin
inside the front cover of this publication. province to facilitate job creation. Hammerschlag Way, Foreshore
Like the 41 other city improvement It does this by landing and keeping (Precinct 1)
districts in the metropole, the CCID businesses in the Western Cape and www.capechamber.co.za
exists in terms of the City Council’s helping local businesses to export
municipal Property Rates Act, Section beyond South Africa’s borders. It looks to
22 [Special Rates Area (SRA)] and the align the region to national priorities for THE WESTERN CAPE ECONOMIC
SRA bylaw. It provides complementary economic growth, trade and investment DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP (EDP)
top-up services within a specific promotion initiatives and facilitates the The EDP is a non-profit company
geographical area, to support the
primary agencies. In the case of the
CCID, these primaries are the City of
Cape Town and the South African
Police Service (SAPS). Since 2016, the
CCID has also nurtured a partner
1 080 tonnes of
waste was
swept off the streets
project in public safety with the of the CBD during 2018
Western Cape Government.
Overseen by a board of directors, the
CCID is made up of three operational
departments – Safety & Security, Social
Development and Urban Management.
A Communications department
collaborates across all three of these
to promote the CCID’s work and
investment in the Central City.
A fifth department manages financial
and HR-related administration. With
a full-time staff of 22 people, the CCID
oversees a total workforce of over| DOING BUSINESS IN THE CENTRAL CITY |
established in 2012 as a collaborative recognised business destination in
intermediary organisation, to work Africa. It achieves this by:
with and between broad-based Connecting business, government and
stakeholder sectors in the Western higher education to grow relationships
Cape economic delivery system. It and catalyse action through its
aims to improve the performance of extensive networking and events.
the Cape Town and Western Cape Conceptualising programmes and
economic development system, by accelerating initiatives to provoke
creating and sustaining partnerships action-oriented discussion on
between economic stakeholders, in topical issues.
support of the goal to create a resilient, Providing a conduit for private sector
inclusive and competitive region, and participation in larger government-
to contribute to South Africa’s national driven initiatives, as well as ensuring
economic success. Funded by national business continuity in the event of
provincial and municipal government, political upheaval.
the EDP has played a unique role in Advocating for policies that support
bringing together the public and economic growth and representing
private sectors, academia and civil the views of business.
society, to focus on specific issues WHERE: 8th floor, MSC House,
that had initially been identified 1 Mediterranean St, Foreshore (Precinct 1)
as key drivers of economic growth. www.acceleratecapetown.co.za
Today, it focuses on providing
partnering solutions to improve
994 NUMBER OF ROAD REPAIRS
UNDERTAKEN IN 2018
the performance of the local and INVEST CAPE TOWN
regional economic system. In 2016, the City of Cape Town launched
WHERE: 24th floor, Atterbury House, the Invest Cape Town initiative to procedures and providing investors with
9 Riebeek St (Precinct 2) continue to build the city’s brand as services to fast-track projects and reduce
www.wcedp.co.za a world-class investment destination. government red tape when establishing
By promoting the city’s natural a business.
beauty and achievements as a tourist The InvestSA Western Cape OSS focuses
ACCELERATE CAPE TOWN destination, along with sharing on the coordination and incorporation
Accelerate Cape Town is a business business success stories, Invest Cape of the special economic zones, provincial
leadership organisation representing Town exists to create employment, investment agencies, local authorities and
top-tier corporates in Cape Town. promote investment and funding, the relevant government departments
Established in 2006, it provides a forum attract talent and help companies involved in registration, permits and
for business to connect and catalyse and entrepreneurs discover new licencing and regulatory matters.
action to position Cape Town for opportunities in Cape Town. Representatives from government
growing economic success as a globally The Investor Centre offices were entities like the South African Revenue
opened in 2017 at the same time and Service (SARS), departments of Home
in the same space as those of InvestSA Affairs and Environmental Affairs, Eskom
Western Cape as a collaborative one- and the Companies and Intellectual
stop shop for investors into Cape Town Properties Commission, all operate under
and the province. one roof in the office in St Georges Mall.
WHERE: Cape Sun Hotel, entrance on Wesgro has been appointed as the
St Georges Mall (Precinct 2) management entity. InvestSA is the
www.investcapetown.com primary shareholder in the One Stop
Shop, in partnership with the Department
of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the
INVESTSA WESTERN CAPE Department of Economic Development
The national Department of Trade and Tourism (DEDAT).
& Industry (DTI) has established Twelve governmental partners also
InvestSA offices in major South African operate from the provincial operation
20
the number of City Law centres. The Western Cape InvestSA and a ministerial committee is in place
Enforcement Officers One Stop Shop (InvestSA OSS) was to expedite regulatory blockages at
contracted to the CCID opened in the Cape Town CBD in ministerial level.
security complement, alongside September 2017. The office promotes WHERE: Cape Sun Hotel, entrance
six Traffic Wardens investment specifically into the on St Georges Mall side (Precinct 2)
province by streamlining regulatory www.investsa.gov.za
13SPOTLIGHT ON
CALL CENTRES
AN OFFSHORE OUTSOURCING HUB
The Western Cape’s business process has grown, on average, by 20% a year Service functions performed by the
outsourcing (BPO) sector since 2012. The United Kingdom is BPO industry in the Western Cape:2
in numbers (2017):1 the leading buyer of offshore services
2015 2016 2017
54 864 people
(67%), followed by Australia (21.5%), the
United States and Europe. Inbound 52.9% 55.3% 47.6%
In the Western Cape, 54 864 people are In the Cape Town metropole, the customer
service
employed in the sector, domestically BPO sector has been the leading
and offshore contributor to job growth in the city Debt 14.0% 12.5% 16.4%
during the past decade, hosting 60% collection
60.9% The Western Cape has of the country’s BPO centres. This Outbound 9.7% 6.2% 14.4%
cornered 60.9% of the accounts for 51 000 jobs, including sales
country’s international BPO market share 20 500 international seats. The Cape Inbound 8.1% 14.7% 9.1%
Town CBD hosts 30 call centres, sales
75.9% of BPO sector agents are
permanently employed
comprising 12 international and 18 local
centres, servicing primarily inbound
customer services and debt collection
Legal
Process
Outsourcing
- 2.5% 2.6%
services. In 2017, financial services (LPO)
In 2018, for the fifth year, the Global dominated the Western Cape’s BPO Shared - - 2.3%
Sourcing Association (GSA) named sector, at 40.4%, followed by retail, at Services
Centre
South Africa Global Destination of the 17.2%. In January 2019, the Department of
Year, ahead of competitor countries Trade and Industry introduced the Global Finance and - 0.2% 2.2%
including Ukraine, Mauritius Business Services incentives with the Accounting
(F&A)
and Northern Ireland. The award objective of creating employment through
entrenches South Africa’s reputation offshore services activities. In addition, Other 13.7% 6.7% 5.1%
as a sectoral pocket of excellence the incentives are intended to create back office
processing
for the business process outsourcing youth (aged 18 to 31 years) employment
(BPO), also known as business process opportunities and to contribute to the Other 1.7% 1.9% 0.3%
services (BPS), sector. The sector is country’s export revenue.
supported by a talented, scalable labour
pool and the backing of government,
which recognises the sector as a job
creator for unemployed youth in the
country, and which seeks to attract
international outsourcing operators.
The national offshore BPO market
1-3 SOURCE: BPESA BPS Key Indicator Report 2018
14| DOING BUSINESS IN THE CENTRAL CITY |
The BPO sector creates jobs for contact Percentage of agents employed in the leaders over four days, which resulted
centre agents, but also skilled roles in six top sectors in the Western Cape: in a commitment to bring 1 000 new
human resources, training, sales and sector-related jobs to the city and to
marketing, workforce management, 2015 2016 2017 South Africa as a whole.
finance, technical and information Financial 43.8% 25.7% 40.4%
technology (IT), administration and Services BPO operators with a presence
facilities management. Retail 11.6% 15.8% 17.2% in the Cape Town CBD:
Telecoms 19.3% 30.6% 15.8% Lufthansa
Top international markets (offshore) Buongiorno
Travel - - 4.9%
serviced by the Western Cape:3 Pixelfaerie
Energy 4.6% 7.6% 4.4% Simply Talk
2015 2016 2017 IT 6.1% 4.2% 3.9% SA Commercial
United 62.0% 66.7% 62.1% Transport 4.4% 5.9% 2.7% Direct Channel
Kingdom Izinga Call Centres
Australia 10.8% 17.1% 16.0% The City has created an enabling MFS Tracker
US 12.9% 5.0% 1.0% environment for the BPO sector to 118 Contact Centre
flourish. Truworths Call Centre
Germany 6.8% 5.5% 3.9%
It funds Business Process Enabling Global Media Services
France 1.7% 0.9% 1.7%
South Africa (BPESA), with a specific Teleperformance South Africa
Netherlands 1.5% 0.9% 0.5% mandate to grow the sector in the city. Wonga
Other 4.3% 3.9% 14.8% It has also prioritised other factors,
such as energy security, clean The Brexit effect
governance, good air access, and a Currently, the UK accounts for more
One Stop Shop for investors as part of than half of the South African call centre
a package to ensure the city remains market. The impending divorce between
investment-ready for the BPO sector. Britain and European Union — set, at the
In addition, with many call centres time of writing, for 31 October 2019 — may
operating on international time zones, be an advantage for the local BPO sector,
the BPO sector offers a significant as UK companies move their operations
opportunity for the development of offshore. Some predictions suggest that
Cape Town’s night-time economy and these moves could cut costs by up to 60%
is a driver for the case to create safe, below those in Australia and Britain.
reliable and affordable public transport Webhelp, a South African BPO firm that
after hours. In 2018, the GSA hosted employs 35 000 people around the world,
the first Global Sourcing Summit has indicated that at least two new UK
organised by BPESA in Cape Town. brands have shown interest in setting up
The event attracted 240 global industry shop in South Africa in 2019.
15| THE STATE OF CAPE TOWN CENTRAL CITY REPORT 2018 |
THE DIGITAL CITY
Cape Town is a recognised hub According to a PWC report, 56% innovative. They’re drawn to it. There’s
for technology development and of emerging tech or tech-enabled a tech culture that has boomed here,
innovation. According to a study companies are headquartered in the with technically innovative products.”
conducted by the Cape Innovation and Western Cape, with the majority based This supports the findings of
Technology Initiative (CiTi) and the in Cape Town. In particular, over the research conducted by international
Allan Gray Orbis Foundation,1 Cape past decade, the city has become property consultancy, Savills, whose
Town employs more people in the tech a leader in mobile software, revenue Tech Cities Index ranks Cape Town at
sector than anywhere else in Africa. management and payment processes, 30 out of 30 Tech Cities globally. Savills
As a tech hub, the city offers over: with R4.7 billion of foreign direct defines a Tech City as “important
investment (FDI) in software and IT centres for tech in their region and
40 000 JOBS IN THE INDUSTRY services. [venture capital] hotspots. Vibrant
This is significantly higher than The report says the “lifestyle of Cape cities in which to live and work, they
other technology hubs such as Town promotes creativity, innovation, are magnets for talent … Tech Cities are
Johannesburg (which employs and inspiration because of the outperforming other global centres.
20 000), Lagos (9 000) mountains, ocean and nature … People GDP across the 30 Tech Cities is forecast
and Nairobi (7 000). are coming here to be creative and to rise by 36% in the next decade,
TECH SECTOR Luno, a crypto-wallet In October, Amazon In March 2019, the
NEWS HIGHLIGHTS: with nearly two million announced plans to City of Cape Town and
users, was started in Cape construct a new office the Department of
Town and now operates complex in Cape Town, Science and Technology
in more than 40 countries with eight locations under hosted Africa’s largest
with over 250 employees consideration, including tech conference, the
around the world. It was the Foreshore precinct. inaugural Africa Tech
named the UK’s fastest The campus could Week.
growing tech startup accommodate up to
in 2018. 10 000 employees.
1 https://www.citi.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/CiTi_Cape-Town-Stellenbosch-Endeavor-Insight-Report.pdf
16residents in the province will receive
three gigabytes of data on their devices
every month by logging into free public
Wi-Fi hotspots around the province.
The data distribution is part of a
R3-billion programme to expand public
Wi-Fi network access, and in particular,
to provide broadband connectivity
to schools, libraries, health clinics
and offices.
In October, the City of Cape Town
signed an agreement with cell phone
operator Cell C to provide public
connectivity using street light poles,
city buildings and public transport
infrastructure. This kind of connectivity
against a rate of 19% across other in the province. In terms of total deal is an enabler for business in general, but
developed cities.” Cape Town is the value, the Western Cape accounted for tech-driven businesses in the CBD in
only African city on the index. for 49% of value, compared against particular. It will facilitate better service
The Savills Tech Cities Index measures Gauteng, with 44.7%. delivery, expand economic opportunities
cities against over 100 individual metrics and provide better connectivity for
in six categories, which are: Business visitors and residents in the Central City.
Environment, Tech Environment, City TECH AS AN ENABLER
Buzz & Wellness, Talent Pool, Real Estate Set to be completed in 2021, the City of
Costs and Mobility. The metrics consider Cape Town’s broadband project aims to THIRD SPACES ARE THE
every aspect of a city, from how long it provide a fully functional, municipal- NEW WORKPLACE
takes to start a business, to the cost of owned fibre-optic network to serve the The digital city also facilitates a new
a flat white coffee. entire metropole. To date, over 950km way of working, in which a more
Cape Town’s success as a digital of fibre-optic cables and 400 free Wi-Fi mobile, connected, digital-savvy
city is driven by the presence of zones have been installed across the generation of freelancers, startups and
widely available information and metro. Over 300 City-owned buildings entrepreneurs are no longer tethered
communication technology (ICT) have been connected . to a single workplace. Rather, work
skills and an entrepreneurial culture, The City’s Connect Pilot Project, happens in “third spaces” such as coffee
supported by an attractive working launched in January 2018, seeks to shops, airline-style working lounges and
environment and appealing lifestyle. provide affordable open access high- co-working spaces supported by flexible
Other contributing factors include speed fibre connections to over availability, shorter contracts and
a strong supporting network of 1 000 commercial buildings in the leases, high-speed Wi-Fi connections,
companies and institutions and CBD. The pilot was initially designed to laptops and mobile devices and cloud
e-commerce and tech-enabled business, connect four city blocks, encompassing computing. Desire to avoid traffic
such as payment gateways, tech Loop, Long, Church, Longmarket, Burg congestion and lifestyle choices are
incubators, co-working spaces and and Wale streets. adding to the demand for more flexible
accessible broadband services. The Education group Curro is one working arrangements.
availability of venture capital is also example of the growing tech business Co-working space operators such as
a factor: in 2015, the Western Cape landscape in the city. The JSE-listed Workshop 17, which has opened a new
hosted 75% of the country's venture group has launched a new tech-focused space in Harrington House, Barrack
capital deals. schooling model at its new campus Street, and Cube Workspace and Ideas
A diverse value chain and supportive located on the Foreshore. Providing Cartel, which has buildings in Loop
ecosystem is also an attractive prospect learners with digital learning materials Street and Waterkant Street, are some
for startups and tech businesses and laptops pre-loaded with software examples of how traditional workplaces
wanting to attract skilled talent, and textbooks, Curro’s technology- are evolving. Ideas Cartel offers private
which is available through a pipeline driven model seeks to create a new and shared offices, with meeting spaces
of graduates from educational generation of learners who have the and boardrooms, as well as smaller
institutions in and around the city. right skills for the future workplace. pods for individuals who want the
In the venture capital sector, the StatsSA reports that 70.8% of connection of having other people
Western Cape remains the number- residents in the Western Cape have around them, but the privacy of their
one province in the country for the access to an internet connection. Under own workspace.
number and size of deals, with 51.9% of a scheme instituted by the provincial Page 34 of this report examines the
deals originating from companies based government in December 2018, co-working trend in more detail.
17| THE STATE OF CAPE TOWN CENTRAL CITY REPORT 2018 |
RETAIL ECONOMY REPORTBACK
A TOTAL OF 1 038 ENTERTAINMENT & RETAIL ENTITIES BROKEN DOWN AS FOLLOWS:
9 4 4 51 21
Adult Adult-themed Theatres Bars & clubs
entertainment shops
SPORTING GOODS
(EQUIPMENT
& CLOTHING)
11
Barber
9
Opticians
37
Hair salons
34 8
Health & Pharmacies
14
Gyms
12 CAR DEALERS
4 MOTORCYCLE DEALERS
shops & eyewear beauty 21 MOTOR PARTS
(incl spas) & REPAIR BUSINESSES
4 PETROL STATIONS
9 BOOKSELLERS
& PUBLISHERS 22 NUMBER OF
CURIOS & MARKETS
15 DISCOUNT
SHOPS 1 FLORIST
42 FURNITURE, LIGHTING
& DÉCOR
9 HARDWARE
STORES
19 LAUNDRY, DRY CLEANING,
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