Trends shaping the Auto Industry Delhi to have electric buses on road - Bus Coach India
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Vol-7, No.81, September-2016
THE ONLY MAGAZINE DEDICATED TO BUS COACH INDUSTRY & COACH TOURISM
Transit elevated bus tested in China
Trends shaping the Auto Industry
Delhi to have electric buses on road
KSRTC Launches first biodiesel bus
www.buscoachindia.com
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 03
12 20 23
News & Events ................................................................................................................................................. ................................ 06
Delhi to have electric buses on road .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Hino-Isuzu venture boosting bus production by 30% ............................................................................................................. 20
Marcopolo Sells 295 Buses to Ghana ...................................................................................................... ................................... 21
Mercedes-Benz working on electric sprinter .................................................................................... ...................................... 22
Hamare Bus Ki Baat Hai: A Movement involving all stakeholders ......................................................................................... 23
Tata Motors Delivers 241 New Buses to KSRTC ........................................................................................................................ 26
VE Commercial Vehicles set to ride the school bus segment to boost sales .......................................... .......................... 27
Continental an experienced partner in material handling at IMHX 2016 ........................................ .................................... 28
Bridgestone launches Firestone tyre brands .......................................................................................................................... 30
Allison Transmission Supports new fuel efficiency ........................................................................... .............. ....................... 31
Transit elevated bus tested in China ............................................................................................................. ............................. 32
GAZ Group consolidates its position on the Russian Bus Market ............................................ ................. ........................... 36
Mahindra & Mahindra gear up for the world's most affordable electric SUV ...................... ..................... ....................... 39
A Tourist Destination: Gwalior ................................................................................................................. .................................... 40
KSRTC Launches first biodiesel bus ............................................................................................................................................ 46
Sunshine School Bus latest product from Ashok Leyland .............................................................................. ....................... 52
Knorr-Bremse to showcase groundbreaking solutions for commercial vehicles at IAA 2016 ................. .................... 53
Harman's new security frameworks keep your vehicle safe from cyber attacks ........................................................... 58
PV Sindhu's Victory Procession on BEST Double Decker Open Bus ............................................ ........................................ 59
Trends shaping the Auto Industry .................................................................................................. ............................................. 61
Apollo tyres to invest around Rs 1,700 cr in current fiscal in India .................................................. .......... ....................... 64
46 53 60
04 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016
Vol-7, No-81, September-2016
H ybrid Technology has been introduced as an
alternative fuel for automobiles worldwide
to minimize the effect of green gases on
earth. Transporters and public transport operators
testing hybrid technology in their bus fleet world over.
Environmentalists and world organizations have been
warning the world leaders about the threat of the global warming and its
dangerous effects for the coming generations.
Hybrid technology was introduced to the market in 2010. The
parallel hybrid concept with a co-optimized diesel engine fitted with
AMT gear box and 120kw electrical machine was supported by
electrification of steering servo, air compressor, climate control and a
Sahil Asher (Mumbai) series of new functions were introduce such as electric take-off and idle
7718903525 shut down, in total the new concept lowered fuel consumption by 35%
to 39 % in city traffic.
Nadeem Inamdar The introduction of highly efficient diesel electric hybrid bus was
9881098036
the first step towards electomobility. The new technology offers lower
energy use, lower emission, less Noise and higher availability,
simultaneously. The operation, maintenance and long term performance
of the diesel electric hybrid buses in various operating environment,
have met with varying degree of success. The success recipe is simple: a
systems approach that target the vehicle lifecycle productivity by
combining the effects of the energy saving from the technology, system
design and assistance in operational behavior.
Electromobility has been gaining popularity world over. Recently
the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority has signed
with Tata Motors for supply of 25 hybrid; diesel electric Starbuses. The
contract is the single largest order awarded for hybrid electric vehicle
technology.
The plug-in hybrid buses and full electric buses are running on trial
in the different part of the country. Recently a Chinese company: BYD's
electric bus runs successfully on Delhi roads under DTC operation.
401, 4th Floor, Suneja Tower-1, The JBM Group and Solaris Bus & Coach S. A have decided a joint
District Centre, Janak Puri, New Delhi-110058 venture is based in Delhi. They have showcased a full electric bus at the
Phone No. 25557680/81, 45588720
Auto Expo-2016.
Cell: 9971692030, 9211980064
Website: www.buscoachindia.com
Delhi today facing the challenge of having to provide an efficient
Email: info@buscoachindia.com
buscoachindia@gmail.com
road system to meet the high demand of traffic flow. With greater
personal mobility, growing population and easy access to car ownership,
the vehicle population in the India's capital has rocketed, thus sending the
transport system into a gridlock. To cleanup the toxic air of the capital its
is paramount to increase use of electrical buses in Delhi.
It is appreciable that Indian government has announced various
incentive programmes to kick start electromobility in public transport
and in beyond.
Baldev Singh Bal
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 05
JK TYRE TO INVEST RS. 100 CR TO category. JK Tyre took over the state- gangway of 700 mm, higher
SET UP R&D CENTRE OF owned Vikrant plant and turned it passenger leg room to ensure
EXCELLENCE around into a state-of-the-art plant passenger comfort.
with investments of over ₹1,200
crore providing direct and indirect On-Bus ITS (Intelligent
employment to over 13,000 people. Transport System) has Public
information system, Automatic
“Starting 1977, when we set vehicle location system, Security
up our first tyre plant in Rajasthan network system, Vehicle health
with an annual capacity of 5 lakh monitoring and diagnostics. GPRS
tyres, we have grown multi-fold by enabled connectivity permits the bus
setting up green field plants, to be connected with Control room
expansion of its existing capacities for Live monitoring. Bus is also
Tyre major JK Tyre and Industries enabled for smart ticketing options.
and acquisitions including Vikrant
Ltd, part of the Rs.28,000-crore JK To maintain good health, the
plant in Karnataka and a tyre
Organisation, will invest RS.100 driver's seat is ergonomically
company in Mexico,” Singhania
crore to set up a new R&D centre of designed with 4-ways adjustable
said.
excellence. mechanism.
TATA MOTORS DELIVERS 241
It will initially have about A wide-angle windshield
NEW BUSES TO KSRTC
200 engineers and scientists and the will ensure maximum driver
number will double during the next visibility. Tata Motors has designed
one year. Raghupati Singhania, special training programs to train
Chairman and Managing Director, JK drivers and staff of Karnataka State
Tyre and Industries, Ltd said that the Transport Corporation so that
company is combining all its R&D buses are operated efficiently.
efforts across several locations under There are more than 13,000 Tata
one roof. Motors buses operating in STU's of
Karnataka.
“This will house the most
modern and advanced equipment ZF STARTS R&D CENTER IN INDIA
manned by highly experienced
engineers and scientists with deep Indian automobile manufacturer
insight into material resource, Tata Motors has delivered 241 buses
designs, aesthetics and structures.” KSRTC (Karnataka State Road
The company recently reached a Transport Corporation), under the
historic milestone when it became Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban
the first Indian tyre company to roll Renewal Mission (JNNURM). The
out its 10 millionth truck/bus radial buses are equipped with new-
tyres from its Vikrant plant at generation Tata Cummins ISBe
Mysuru. Karnataka Minister for engines, air suspension, multiplex
Industries, RV Deshpande, and wiring meeting Urban Bus
PWD Minister HC Mahadevappa specification II given by Government
were present during the rollout. of India.
With a tyre capacity of 3.5 Buses have acceleration of ZF Friedrichshafen AG is setting up
million truck/bus radials per annum, 0.8 m/sec2 which would cut down its first ever India Technology Center
JK Tyre pioneered radial technology on travel time thus making bus travel in Hyderabad which will be
in India, introducing truck and bus faster for daily office commuters, dedicated to software and
radial tyres way back in 1999, claims the company. Body is mechanical engineering. The new
becoming the largest producer in this designed with a well-spaced out Technology Center will support ZF's
06 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016
global development teams while vehicles with new ones -a move that ministry would take the regulatory
enabling the company to accelerate may cost the government around Rs route for the scrapping policy and it
local product development.13,800 4,000 crore. Finance Minister Arun had the requisite mandate. The age
engineers are currently working in Jaitley and Transport Minister Nitin cap for phasing out of vehicles would
R&D with ZF globally. The research Gadkari discussed the whole range be fixed after wider consultations.
and development network consists of issues relating to the phasing out
of more than 100 developmant of old polluting vehicles on "A committee of secretaries
locations, including 17 main Wednesday. will be set up to come out with
development locations. modalities for the operationalisation
Sources said while old of the scheme," a source said.
ZF's first Technology Center trucks and heavy vehicles would be
in India will be fully operational by covered in the first phase, four- FLIXBUS NEW OWNER OF
1st January 2017 and is expected to wheelers over 15 years -around 60 POSTBUS
have a work force of 2,500 lakh in all -would be covered in the
engineers by 2020. ZF has made second.
considerable investments and
advanced technology launches in "The finance minister felt
the Indian market for example in its scrapping of pre-Bharat Stage
Pune facility, the first launch of the vehicles should be mandatory
Electric Park Brake (EPB) technology instead of voluntary. The finance
in India and also inaugurated ZF ministry is not in favour of reducing
Hero Chassis systems Pvt. Ltd., a 50- excise duty as incentive but they FlixMobility (“FlixBus“) and
50 JV ZF India Pvt. Ltd. and Hero could make a Budget provision for Deutsche Post DHL Group have
Motors Ltd in Oragadam, Kanchi direct cash incentive," Gadkari said. announced the acquisition of
Puram District. They said old heavy vehicles would “Postbus“, the long-distance coach
be phased out first because they network of Deutsche Post DHL
ZF has been operating for make up only 2.5% of vehicles in Group. From 1 November 2016, the
more than three decades in the that category but are responsible for first Postbus-services will be
Indian market and ZF TRW for more 60% of the vehicular pollution.TOI integrated to the international
than 50 years through its joint has learned that the finance ministry FlixBus mobility platform. Via long-
venture with TVS and Rane groups. is of the view that people won't retire term marketing and sales
Currently with about 12,000 their old trucks and buses unless the cooperation, both companies want
employees including JV's, ZF has 19 scheme is made mandatory . to develop new customer segments
production facilities excluding for their respective core businesses.
warehouses and office buildings. Sources said the transport
ministry pointed out how the overall FlixBus is a European long
INDIAN GOVERNMENT MULLS revenue collection in the form of distance mobility provider and
MANDATORY PHASING OUT 15- excise tax would be approximately brand of the FlixMobility group. The
YR-OLD TRUCKS, BUSES Rs 18,000 crore to Rs 19,000 crore startup was founded and launched in
due to the sale of new vehicles, and it Germany after the deregulation of
would be much more than what the the national market in 2013. By
government would end up providing 100.000 daily connections to 900
as cash incentive. destinations in 20 countries, FlixBus
is now providing Europe's largest
Moreover, replacing the network of long-distance coaches.
The Union Government will soon fuelguzzling old vehicles with new
formulate a policy to mandatorily ones would result in savings of Rs In a long-term sales and
phase out nearly 11.5 lakh trucks 7,700 crore annually for reduction in marketing cooperation, FlixBus
and buses which are over 15 years crude oil import, the ministry said in products will be distributed in 5.000
old. Financial incentives will be its presentation. Official's privy to the Post partner retail outlets by the end
given to those who replace these discussions said the transport of this year. At the same time,
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 07
Deutsche Post products will be increased by nearly Rs 590 crore. implementing a common smart card
displayed via FlixBus channels. In a While the loss in FY 2014-15 was Rs with the Delhi Metro, the agency has
pilot project, Deutsche Post has 2,917.76 crore, it increased to Rs been trying to up its's game. The
already tested same-day parcel 3,505.96 crore in 2015-16. In fact, ETMs have been installed in more
deliveries via long-distance coaches the trend has been going up since than 70% of the buses, and the
between Hamburg and Berlin. 2011-12, when the loss was Rs agency hopes to introduce the
FlixBus expects a total of 30 million 2,431 crore while in 2012-13 it was common smart card in two months,
passengers in 2016. Rs 2,914.40 crore. The only year the said a DTC official.
figure came down was in 2013-14,
In 2015, FlixBus transported when it was Rs 1,363.74 crore. The LONDON GETS FIRST GREEN
20 million travelers all over Europe. reason for the cut was a grant-in-aid BUS ROUTES
By 2016, the provider expects an given by the government to DTC,
increase of 50 percent and a total of amounting to more than Rs 2,200
30 million passengers. By paperless crore, said officials.
check-in via QR code, booking and
delay management via mobile app, DTC has been making
live GPS tracking of the vehicles or operational losses for some time
dynamic pricing similar to airlines, now. The revenue, which had gone
FlixBus set new standards in the up a couple of years ago, has come
industry. down, with a fewer buses in the fleet
and the introduction of more cluster London's Mayor Sadiq Khan has
As a combination of tech- buses, said a DTC official. The confirmed plans for the first of a
startup, e-commerce-platform and agency has been making an series of 'Low Emission Bus Zones' -
transportation company, FlixBus approximate loss of Rs 3 crore each prioritising the greenest buses on the
established domestic networks and day, with the loss per km coming to worst polluted routes, as part of his
national entities in Germany, France, Rs 43. far-reaching plans to clean up the
Italy, Austria and the Netherlands, as capital's toxic air.
well as cross-border services to However, the losses haven't
currently 20 countries. Within this proved to be a dampner in service. From February next year,
year, FlixBus will import the “green The Delhi government announced the first route along Putney High
formula” to CEE countries. that DTC would start new feeder Street will see exclusive use of
services in Malviya Nagar, besides hybrid or diesel buses with top-of-
IN ONE YEAR, DTC LOSSES the existing ones. It has also inducted the-range anti-pollutant systems that
INCREASE BY 590 CRORE 323 drivers in the past one year meet or exceed Euro VI emissions
along with 748 conducters. standards. The second route -
between Brixton and Streatham -
Also, to increase non-traffic will be converted in October 2017.
revenue, the DTC has several plans.
This includes, conversion of 31 These are the first Low
depots into multi-level parking lots, Emission Bus Zones the Mayor
which will be implemented by promised in his manifesto and
PWD. The agency has also decided which will all be operational by
to use the buses, unipoles as well as 2020. These are expected to reduce
the walls of the depots as wall wraps, NOx emissions from buses along
A report brought out in the assembly for advertisements. these routes by around 84 per cent.
by Delhi government has shown that They will be focussed on London's
not only is Delhi Transport The revenue generated from worst air quality hotspots outside
Corporation suffering huge losses, this is expected to help the agency to central London and prioritised in
but the revenue lost has been manage it's piling losses. Through areas where buses would otherwise
increasing considerably every year. the introduction of electronic contribute significantly to road
Within one year, the losses have ticketing machines and plans of transport emissions.
08 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016The Low Emission Bus Zones will and easily adopt this new "Apart from technology, we should
also incorporate a number of technology. To make it cheaper, we take examples from other countries,
changes to the road layout to ensure would have to work for Make-in- and let us leapfrog and take
buses have priority over other traffic India and (that) is the solution for advantage of available technology
and are able to keep moving, cutting making electric vehicle affordable," and guidelines from other
emissions from unnecessary idling said Girish Shankar, Secretary, experiences where we can move
and speeding up journey times. Low Ministry of the Heavy Industries and much faster than others," he said.
Emission Bus Zones are one of a Public Enterprises.
number of measures the Mayor has MIT RESEARCHERS PUT LIDAR
asked TfL to lead by example on to He was addressing the ON A CHIP
reduce emissions from the capital's National Workshop & Exhibition of
bus fleet. FAME India. Assuring the gathering
the government's commitment
Low Emission Bus Zones are towards electric mobility under its
an integral part of the Mayor's plan FAME India scheme, he sought
to urgently clean up London's air feedback from the industry, saying it
quality, which is a contributory would help them create market and
factor in the deaths of around 10,000 a self-sustainable model."There are
residents each year according to the complexities and challenges, but still Applications such as autonomous
latest medical research. Plans for the we can address them... In this, not vehicles and robotics heavily
Low Emission Bus Zones were just the government, but OEMs depend on LiDAR, and an expensive
announced by the Mayor in May would have to come up with firm LiDAR module is a major obstacle to
alongside a number of proposals to plans," he said, adding that he their use in commercial products.
improve the Capital's air quality. expects forums including the Our work at MIT's Photonic
Those proposals were subject to a Automotive Component Manufa- Microsystems Group is trying to take
recent consultation with nearly cturers Association of India (ACMA) these large, expensive, mechanical
15,000 responses, including: to play a crucial role in it. LiDAR systems and integrate them
on a microchip that can be mass
‘MANUFACTURING ELECTRIC FAME India Faster Adoption produced in commercial CMOS
VEHICLES IN INDIA CAN and Manufacturing of Hybrid and foundries.
MITIGATE COST’ Electric vehicles in India - is part of
the National Electric Mobility Most LiDAR systems—like
Mission Plan. The scheme envisages the ones commonly seen on
Rs 795 crore support in the first two autonomous vehicles—use discrete
fiscals that started last year. free-space optical components like
lasers, lenses, and external receivers.
According to Shankar, In order to have a useful field of
globally, hybrid models are being view, this laser/receiver module is
accepted and consumers are now mechanically spun around, often
able to afford it. In Europe, two lakh while being oscillated up and down.
Challenges posed by high cost in hybrid vehicles are self-sustainable
popularising hybrid and electric without any government's support. This mechanical apparatus
vehicles in India can be overcome He cited China as a good example of limits the scan rate of the LiDAR
with a focus on manufacturing "shifting very fast to hybrid and now system while increasing both size
components and the vehicles in moving towards electric mobility". and complexity, leading to concerns
India, a senior government official "It's a very good example for us to about long-term reliability,
said. follow," he said. especially in harsh environments.
Today, commercially available high-
"The biggest challenge is In Japan, there are more end LiDAR systems can range from
cost and all of us would have to charging stations than petrol pumps, $1,000 to upwards of $70,000,
work on it so that people can afford Shankar added. which can limit their applications
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 09where cost must be minimized. within Oslo. Also the fuel type the vans will be clarified and if the bus
Researchers at MIT's Photonic buses will run on is innovative: it is will eventually see real-world
Microsystems Group are now the so-called HVO, i.e. a biofuel of operation.
developing a LiDAR-on-a-chip the latest generation. Supplies under
system that is smaller than a dime, both contracts are to be carried out in DELHI GETS A NEW TRANSPORT
has no moving parts, and could be the first quarter of 2017. CHIEF
mass produced at a very low cost to
be used in self-driving cars, drones, CHINA'S ELEVATED TRANSIT BUS
and robots. ON THE ROAD FOR ITS FIRST TEST
An article describing the
new system is published in IEEE
Spectrum. The device is a 0.5 mm x Sandeep Kumar is Delhi's new
6 mm silicon photonic chip with transport commissioner. A 1997-
steerable transmitting and receiving batch IAS officer, Sandeep Kumar
phased arrays and on-chip has replaced Sanjay Kumar, who had
germanium photodetectors. The been appointed the commissioner a
laser itself is not integrated into the few months ago. Sandeep has taken
chips; however, there are on-chip on the role of the commissioner as
lasers that could be integrated in the The world's first elevated transit bus an additional charge. He is also the
future. has been recently tested in the managing director of Delhi Khadi
Chinese city of Qinhuangdao in and Village Industries Board.
SOLARIS SUPPLIES HVO BUSES IN Hebei province. The 2m-high and
NORWAY 22m-long bus runs on electricity and
can carry up to 300 passengers while
cars can drive underneath it. The
number of passengers that can be
transported can go up to 1200 as four
TEBs can be linked.
This first test was, however,
not performed in real traffic
conditions as the bus travelled a
distance of only 300 meters on a
The first order is for 75 Urbinos of the controlled track and at a very low
18.75-meter variant, to be delivered speed. In mainstream use, the vehicle
to the company Unibuss. The is expected to reach a speed of up to
elongated, articulated third- 60 km per hour. According to Interestingly, Sanjay Kumar had
generation buses will be equipped in TEBtech, the company that designed been on leave for several weeks
Euro 6 engines made by DAF and and built the bus, the test was meant before he was divested of the post of
compliant with the Euro 6 emissions to assess the braking system and the commissioner. Before going on
norm. drag and power consumption. leave, Sanjay was in the eye of a
storm for signing the AAP
The same drive unit will be Even if it looks impressive government's much-publicised
installed in 24 Urbino 12 buses of and might be seen as a solution for premium bus policy without getting
the new generation, which the firm traffic congestion, questions about the approval of LG Najeeb Jung. Last
Nobina has acquired in a tender. the practicality and financing of this month, another senior officer of the
One of the more interesting elements bus have already been raised. It is still transport department, special
of the vehicle fitting will be intercity to be seen if doubts regarding the secretary (transport), Indu Prakash
bus seats, even though the buses vehicle's ability to turn corners, fit Mishra, was transferred after a tiff
themselves will be operating only under footbridges or safely drive over with Satyendar Jain.
10 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016Delhi to have elec tric buses on road
A fter an almost successful trial
of running electric buses on
Delhi's road the Delhi
Transport Corporation may likely to
accept the proposal of inducting
more buses into the fleet.
The proposal of accepting
the idea on the basis of lower
operational expenses that led Delhi
Transport Corporation veering
towards the idea of replacing at least
a part of its CNG fleet with electric
buses.
The running cost of the
electric buses is also to be lower than
CNG buses: Rs 12/km against Rs
18/km for CNG buses.
Five months after the trial of
the first electric bus started in the
city, the Delhi Transport Corporation
(DTC) officials said it is going “better
than expected” and so far the results
have been “quite positive”.
Five months after the agency
loaned one such bus from a Chinese
company on a trial basis, an internal
DTC report has concluded that its
overall cost of operation is much
lower than a CNG-run bus due to
“very low maintenance/repair cost”.
Zero emission and lower manpower
requirement are two other features
that have impressed DTC.
The operational cost of the
electric bus will be Rs 17.25/km. In
contrast, a CNG AC bus costs DTC period, which comes to an average requires higher maintenance. “The The bus didn't report any battery. It will not explode when 70%. The bus has a seating capacity
Rs 18.54 per km. A senior unit rate of Rs 10.66 for the low-floor buses are under an annual breakdown during the trial, largely exposed to direct flames. Its energy of 31.
government official said, “On 16,915km it covered. The price of maintenance contract with the because there's no engine or consumption amounts to 1.3
average, the electric bus ran 250km CNG in the capital currently stands manufacturer. The corporation pays transmission system. Only the KWh/KM, estimated at 12.06 /km. “The electric bus is air-
on a single charge.” It consumed at Rs 35.59/kg. A CNG bus gives a Rs 3.5-12 a km. The rate increases battery needs maintenance. This After 15 years of use, the battery conditioned, has CCTVs and public
27,368 units in the four-month mileage of 1.95km/kg and also every year,” said the official. electric bus is fitted with a fire safe capacity is projected to remain about address system for women safety,
12 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016 SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 13fitted with fire-fighting equipment, US and University of Surrey, UK had chairperson Ashish Khiatan visited
complete medical kit, special seating shown that emissions from vehicles China last year. The bus has been
for differently-abled people, and first have increased up to three times developed by a Chinese firm,
class comfortable seating facilities for between 1991 and 2011 and could though it is being marketed in India
all passengers. It also has a battery rise by up to 19 times by 2020. by the Smart Group. The bus had
life of more than 4,000 recharging been running around 10 round trips
cycles, which is fire-proof," the The electric buses that had through the day, between 6.30am
statement added. The DTC, of been running between Delhi and 9.30pm. The fare will be same
course, will need to invest a hefty Secretariat and Central Secretariat for as DTC AC buses-the minimum
amount, to begin with, as one bus the last five months, was launched being Rs 10.
will cost more than Rs 2 crore. But on the initiative of the Delhi
the official said: “The buses, when Dialogue Commission (DDC) and The government has also set
available commercially, will cost the transport department. It was run up a charging station at the
approximately the same their CNG and managed by the Delhi Transport Millennium Depot for the electric
counterparts. They will basically be Corporation (DTC). bus. “On a charge of five hours, the
assembled in India.” A CNG bus bus runs around 250km,” said the
costs around Rs 70-80 lakh. The bus was on the trial government statement. The buses,
Interestingly, under a central basis for six months, and based on which cost around Rs 3 crore in the
scheme, the purchase of electric bus the feedback and field results, the international market, will be
is subsidised. government is likely to take a final available at a knocked down rate if
decision on inducting these electric bought in bulk by the Delhi
The move assumes signifi- buses in the DTC fleet. government, said sources.
cance as an eight-year joint study,
between 2008-2015, conducted by The idea to try the electric “The buses, when available
IIT-Roorkee, University of Minnesota, buses came after DDC vice commercially, will cost approxima-
14 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016Allison Transmission India Pvt. Ltd. 411, Elegance Tower 8 District Centre, Jasola New Delhi-110 025, INDIA Tel: +91 11 4120 0400 Fax: +91 11 4120 0405 India.Sales@Allisontransmission.com
tely the same as the CNG ones," a
source added. At present Delhi
requires at least 10,000 more buses
to meet the demand and discourage
commuters from using private
vehicles. Sources said the
DTC wanted 100 buses for the pilot
run but the government asked us to
buy 25 as one bus would cost at least
a 1 crore. A proposal has been sent to
the cabinet and after the approval,
tenders will be floated.
“For sustainable transport
system, electric buses are important.
Every country is shifting to electric low floor categories. Currently, Group, under their E-Vehicle
buses and Delhi should follow,” said 5,200 DTC and cluster buses ply on manufacturing project - Smart
PK Sarkar, head of the department Delhi roads. To assist the disabled, Dreams. Smart Group has associated
(transport and planning) at School of the bus can be tilted if needed and with Build Your Dreams (BYD),
Planning and Architecture. there is a hammer at every seat for an China as their technology partner for
emergency. the project.
The government is working
on getting 3,000 more buses -- 1,000 This electric bus is being The study projected greater
each in premium, cluster and semi- introduced in India by the Smart pollution from buses. Taxis and Cars
16 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016(30-34 percent) were found to be
producing the highest CO2
emissions during 2011 to 2015;
there is a likelihood that buses could
dominate in the years after 2015.
The bus is earning Rs 8,000
per day on an average by running
about 250 km in one charge. This
"Made in China" bus is fully air
conditioned and has the seating
capacity of 31 passengers against 41
of the DTC's low-floor CNG buses.
An adjustable hydraulic suspension
makes it more passenger friendly
especially for the differently-abled
people. The bus was being run on
the promotional basis by its Chinese
manufacturers BYD Auto Industry
Company Ltd. and introduced in
India by their technology partner,
the Smart Group.
The bus was exported by
China to Gujarat. “The cost is being
evaluated and it will be almost same
as that of a fully AC bus. It had costed
around Rs.3 crore to the company.
We are looking forward to
manufacturing it in India under
Make in India programme," said
Sunil Sharma of Smart Group.
Smart Group had entered
the pure electric vehicle segment in
India under his brand Smart Dreams.
The company has tied up with the up for manufacturing electric cars, The Smart Dreams e-bus is air-
Hong Kong-based BYD Auto BK Modi said at the unveiling of one conditioned and powered by a
Industry Company which is engaged of the e-buses. His focus is on lithium iron phosphate battery with a
in electric vehicle manufacturing contributing to public transportation life duration of more than 4,000
and is an investee company of through the e-bus and e-taxi offerings recharging cycles. It can cover a
investment guru Warren Buffet. and is keen that the government distance of 250km on a fully charged
Smart Dreams has inked a exempts the segment from taxes. battery. A full charge takes 5 hours of
technology partnership with BYD for recharging.
transfer of technology for The Smart Dreams plant is
manufacturing electric vehicles, coming near to Moradabad, with the “Today countries like China
namely e-buses to start with. first two buses procured from BYD. have put air quality on the same
The company is in talks with several priority as core sectors like
This will be followed by state transport undertakings (STUs) infrastructure and defence and it is
production of cars for use as e-taxis for city electric buses and is hopeful about time India did the same. The
and later a separate plant will be set of bagging multiple orders soon. Indian government will have to take
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 17electric vehicle manufacturing
operations in Singapore for e-buses
along with BYD with volumes
expected to be based on demand.
In India, the target is STUs in
macro-cities and the upcoming 100
smart cities where an efficient public
transport system is the need of the
hour. The e-vehicles will also
contribute their bit to cutting
pollution.
The e-buses will start
production with a 50 percent
localisation content that will be
steadily built up to 75 percent with
the battery to be indigenised last
over the next 3-5 years. BYD is a
leader in battery manufacturing and
has a bouquet of advanced
technologies for the product.
At present BYD is training
the workers of Smart Dreams in e-
bus manufacturing. The company
had earlier also entered into an
agreement with Mercedes-Benz for
manufacturing cars and launched
the Denza all-electric sedan in 2014.
Smart Dreams hopes to leverage this
expertise when it explores car the
manufacture in India. A second
plant will be envisaged for the
manufacture of a car once the e-bus
and e-taxi plant picks up steam.
bold steps and incentivise citizens
and industry players to adopt electric
vehicles. One of the ways we could
encourage the industry is by making
it a zero tax industry,” says Modi.
Modi is non-committal
about the investments in the
manufacturing facility or the number
of e-buses to roll out from the plant,
saying it will be similar to what bus
plants usually attract. He is equally
reticent about the bus pricing saying
it will be at par with similar buses.
Smart Dreams has also started
18 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016Liu Xueliang, managing director of for us to capture the e-vehicle market the last two years, its e-vehicles have
Asia Pacific for BYD Auto, says that of the country. We are proud to been sold in many countries
16 years ago the company had collaborate with Smart Group in this including Uruguay and Jakarta.
By : Shantosh Sharma
planned electric vehicles for China endeavour in India.”
and today have been able to achieve Electric buses which are
this through consistent efforts. “India BYD has an electric bus indigenously designed, developed
is a big market for us, and with the manufacturing facility in the USA and built can substantially improve
business environment being and has a contract to supply electric the economy of the whole system
favourable we feel it is the right time buses to the Los Angeles country. In and increase the overall life.
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 19NEWS
Hino-Isuzu venture
boosting bus production by 30%
T he joint bus-making venture of
Hino Motors and Isuzu Motors
will expand its production by
30% starting as early as October, to
produce 2,500 vehicles this fiscal year.
yen to 45 million yen each, and are
sold under the names Hino S'elega by
Hino and Gala by Isuzu.
The venture will introduce a
total of 100 employees from Hino and
Isuzu.
Japan's bus market totaled
10,256 vehicles in 1970 but started to
night shift in October, since previous contract that year. Hino and Isuzu
The 50-50 venture -- called J- work hour extensions and hiring shifted their bus production to the joint
bus and based in Ishikawa Prefecture -- increases couldn't handle the increased venture in 2004. Since then foreign
produces vehicles with capacities of 30 orders. Production line employees will tourists have flocked to Japan and bus
or more passengers. The buses have increase from 500 to 800 with the tours have become more popular
price tages of approximately 30 million addition of 200 contract workers and a among retirees. Last year marked the
first time in seven years that sales
exceeded 5,000 vehicles. Currently it
can take up to two years to deliver a
new order. Cutting-edge safety
technology in new buses includes
brakes that minimize collision damage,
a driver alarm system, and mechanisms
to prevent overturning. A bus crash in
January involving skiers in Nagano
Prefecture, in which 14 people died,
led to a push to upgrade buses. Tour
and bus companies hope to appeal to
customers with enhanced safety
standards.
20 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016NEWS
Marcopolo Sells
295 Buses to Ghana
M arcopolo has closed an
agreement for the supply of
295 new vehicles to the
African country Ghana. This agreement
is the result of a long negotiation and
The Marcopolo Viale BRT has low floor
and is the most modern bus produced
in Brazil. It incorporates, among other
technologies, rear engine with low
emissions of polluting gases and
system in order to monitor and record
images. The vehicle has a Scania
chassis k250 UB 4x2.
The coaches Paradiso 1200
was conducted in partnership with automatic gear change. The larger and Viaggio 1050 have semi sleeper
Scania, worldwide renowned chassis internal width, associated to the seats seats, two access doors, toilette on the
manufacturer. The buses were configuration, provides a wide free area wheelbase, monitors and cameras to
purchased by the Ministry of Transport and facilitates passenger displacement, external view of the vehicle. The
and are intended to urban passenger making the trip more comfortable. vehicles have air-conditioning system,
transport in Accra, capital of the With greater internal height, it allows individual audio and side windows
country, and to intercity transport. the inclusion of efficient air ducts, with bonded
FIGURE 1: BYDglasses.
ELECTRIC BUS IN BANGALORE
speakers and space for advertisement
Among the 295 buses, 245 are on the upper side. The model Ideale has
Viale models and will be used in the executive seats and two access doors.
Accra BRT system for urban passenger The Viale has a robust and The model has a dashboard with an
transport. The remaining 50 units are extremely reliable design, a status that ergonomic and modern design,
three different coach models (Paradiso was conquered through the people ventilation system for the driver and
1200, Viaggio 1050 and Ideale) and who use it and is a product with easy reach to the controls, providing
will be used in routes between cities. excellent cost/benefit ratio, attribute greater comfort. It also incorporates an
The new fleet aims to offer new recognized by the sector's businessmen efficient system of ventilation and
vehicles which are modern, safe and in the urban passenger transport. Other defogging of the windshield, with four
comfortable, in order to increase urban important characteristics are the two directional outputs and console
mobility in the country. doors, coach seats, monitors and storage.
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 21NEWS
MERCEDES-BENZ
WORKING ON ELECTRIC SPRINTER
W ith plans to launch its first
fully-electric heavy truck
and plenty of battery-
electric passenger vehicles in the
work3s — German automaker Daimler
is in the early planning stages for an
electrified medium-duty van, senior
officials unveiled recently. Mercedes-
Benz is considering launching a battery-
based Sprinter van around the end of
the decade, approximately the same
time it plans the next redesign of the
large commercial van.
The first customers would
likely be in Europe. Deutsche Post, the
German mail service, is one potential
customer that has expressed strong
interest in a battery van. Several U.S. Mercedes is focused on a pure battery- The company is planning to launch
and global delivery services, including electric version of the Sprinter, rather more than a dozen battery-based
UPS and Federal Express, also are than a plug-in hybrid because the latter vehicles, including both plug-in hybrids
exploring the use of electric trucks and would require a more complex and and pure battery-electric models, by the
vans. heavy drivetrain that would raise costs end of the decade. Last month, Daimler
and reduce payload capacity, said it was developing a heavy-duty
An electric Sprinter would be Mornhinweg said. truck for urban delivery routes. The
deployed on shorter routes, such as vehicle would have a range of about
urban package delivery, where range is Mercedes is well-positioned 125 miles between charges and is part
less of an issue than for long-haul to bring out an electric Sprinter, as the of the company's technology
shipments. Such a circuit also would van division would be able to access development program.
optimize the vehicle's ability to technology that is already available –
recapture energy in stop-and-go traffic or under development – for the Daimler is developing electric
through regenerative braking. automaker's passenger vehicles. vehicles because there is growing
interest from customers and increased
pressure from environmental regulators
looking to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and pollution, especially in
Europe and China. They want to keep
gas and diesel-powered vehicles out of
urban centers. Meanwhile, battery
prices are falling rapidly, making
electric vehicles more economically
feasible. At the same time, advanced
lithium-ion battery cells have become
lighter, more energy-dense and more
reliable. These trends improve the
electric vehicle business case for the
automaker.
22 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016SCHOOL BUS
Hamare Bus Ki Baat Hai:
A Movement involving all stakeholders
W e at Tata Motors strive to
make a difference. When
it comes to school buses,
innovation is our key driving force, with
better technologies and pioneering
Motors Limited, and Automobile
Corporation of Goa Limited (ACGL).
Other mandatory safety
features in all our buses include Anti
also working with all stake holders
involved in School Bus travel (students,
parents, school bus attendants), to
sensitize them towards accident
prevention and tackling emergency
designs, ensuring that every child is safe Roll bar in front and rear, Speed situations through various School Bus
and comfortable, through their school Limiting Device (SLD) and Anti-locking Safety programs. Building on the
bus journey. At Tata Motors we have brake system (ABS). activity, Tata Motors recently conducted
developed breakthrough technologies the 'Dream it to win it' essay writing
in building bus bodies in collaboration Apart from technology and competition & 'Hamare Bus Ki Baat
with our partners Tata Marcopolo safety related features, Tata Motors is Hai' (also called Good Citizen
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 23SCHOOL BUS
campaign) at various schools across the sensitizing school bus staff, on the still counting. The interactive training
country. safety of children during school bus program involves role-plays, audio
travel. As part of the initiative, Tata visuals and group activities, to enable
'Hamare Bus Ki Baat Hai' Motors has trained over 50,000 school each one of them to share their
began in 2013 with interactive sessions bus staff, in 41 cities, at over 800 respective experiences, to sensitize
designed with the objective of schools, through 1000+ sessions and and discuss the importance of their
24 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016SCHOOL BUS
respective duties, with the trainer and
among themselves.
The training program also
includes various sessions to help the
school bus staff act in case of an
emergency, maintaining personal
hygiene and how to better interact with
parents and their kids, while on the job.
Dream It to Win It
While the other activities carried out
under the School Bus Safety initiative
largely address drivers and school bus
staff, Tata Motors launched another
school bus safety program titled
'Dream it to Win it', a unique drawing
and collage making competition for
school children, around school bus
safety. Started in 2013, Tata Motors
organized the 'Dream it to win it'
program across 22 cities with
participation of over 13.1 lakh students
from over 2000 schools across the
country till now. By: Swena Gupta
Brand Manager, Tata Motors Ltd.
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 25NEWS
TATA MOTORS
DELIVERS 241 NEW BUSES TO KSRTC
H onorable Chief Minister of
Karnataka, Shri. Siddaramaiah
and Honorable Transport
Minister of Karnataka Ramalinga
Reddy, along with officials from Tata
Motors, today flagged off 241 Tata
Motors buses, under the Jawaharlal
Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission (JNNURM) for operation in
Karnataka by KSRTC (Karnataka State
Road Transport Corporation).
The elegant looking buses are
equipped with well proven new-
generation Tata Cummins ISBe engines,
air suspension, multiplex wiring
meeting Urban Bus specification II information system, Automatic vehicle driver's seat is ergonomically designed
given by Government of India. Buses location system, Security network with 4-ways adjustable mechanism. A
have higher acceleration of 0.8 m/sec2 system, Vehicle health monitoring and wide-angle windshield will ensure
which would cut down on travel time diagnostics. GPRS enabled connectivity maximum driver visibility. Tata Motors
thus making bus travel faster for daily permits the bus to be connected with has designed special training programs
office commuters. Body is designed Control room for Live monitoring. Bus to train drivers and staff of Karnataka
with a well-spaced out gangway of 700 is also enabled for smart ticketing State Transport Corporation so that
mm, higher passenger leg room to options. buses are operated efficiently. There are
ensure passenger comfort. On-Bus ITS more than 13000 Tata Motors buses
(Intelligent Transport System) has Public To maintain good health, the operating in STU's of Karnataka.
26 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016NEWS
VE Commercial Vehicles
set to ride the school bus segment to boost sales
V E Commercial Vehicles is
seeking to build on its success
in the school-bus segment to
grow its market share. With its new
range of buses and strong momentum
units and Eicher had a market share
over 22 per cent.
“These buses have become a
necessary requirement for schools now
buses were not just getting out-dated
but also unsafe. There was a huge gap
between the consumer expectations
and the market offerings. Hence, we
decided to fill the gap and offer extra
in the segment, and we see the potential going up in safety features,” Aggarwal said.
the next couple of years. “We have a “Although the code is yet to be
VECV, an equal joint venture market share of about 29 per cent in the implemented, Eicher is already
of Eicher Motors and Volvo, is hopeful school-bus segment,” said Vinod complying with the norms to ensure the
of boosting its sales and share in the Aggarwal, CEO, VE Commercial maximum safety and comfort in our
coming months. Vehicle. buses.”
In 2015-16, total school bus BUS CODE The company is also planning
volumes were about 21,674 units and to develop AMT (Automated Manual
it accounted for about 55 per cent of The introduction of new bus body code Transmission) and alternate fuel school
the LMD (light and medium duty) bus that stipulates stringent safety and buses by 2017. It is also preparing to
industry. The school-bus segment has quality features has led to companies soon introduce Eicher Hybrid Skyline
been growing rapidly for the last few introducing enhanced features and Pro School Bus.
years. Most of the school buses come superior aesthetics in school buses, a
in the LMD segment as they offer key segment in the bus market. Speed- The new bus will come with a
higher seating capacities, ease of limiting devices and anti-lock braking host of safety features such as vehicle
manoeuvrability, reduced travel time, systems have become necessary. tracking, geo-fencing, camera with
and lower acquisition and recording, student riding status available
maintenance costs. In 2015-16, total “With increased traffic and to parents and fire detection/suppression
LMD bus volumes were about 39,575 congested road conditions, school system.
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 27NEWS
Continental an experienced
partner in material handling at IMHX 2016
A t this year's IMHX Show,
German tyre manufacturer
Continental will present its
comprehensive product portfolio,
making intra logistics and materials
Continental. "By offering individual
solutions from a single source, we serve
as a partner to our customers and help
them to position themselves in the best
possible way for these future
friendly manner. ContiPressureCheck™
measures air pressure and temperature
on an ongoing basis using sensors
inside the tyres, informing the user
when the tyre pressure has to be
handling processes safer, more efficient, challenges.” corrected. Down times are reduced by
cleaner, and more convenient. minimising the risk of tyre damage and
Continental's offering includes a full Increased safety and efficiency for by reducing the need for regular time-
range of tyres, from solid tyres to industrial vehicles consuming servicing.
pneumatics and press on bands, tyre
pressure monitoring systems, as well as Following the "Forward thinking, A further dimension is added
fleet services. Visit Continental at stand always ahead" theme, Continental is when used in combination with the
V65, hall 12 from 13-16th September. presenting two clever solutions at the ContiFlexBox tyre management system,
trade show, enabling increased safety which enables the tyre information to
"Digitalization and automation and efficiency in materials handling be transmitted to a central server via Wi-
are the key trends in the intra logistics and intra logistics. Fi or GSM. The system will be available
industry. Short down times, high- initially for Port applications from 2017.
precision work, and maximum The ContiPressureCheck tyre
flexibility become even more critical as pressure monitoring system enables Wide range of products for maximum
competitive factors in this environment," drivers and fleet managers to manage comfort and efficient work
explains Julian Alexander, Product Line their vehicle fleet more efficiently,
Manager Material Handling Tyres at safely, and in a more environmentally Selecting the right tyre is extremely
28 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016NEWS
important with regard to safety,
comfort, and cost-efficiency in
materials handling and intra logistics.
For the chemical industry, ports, or
warehouses, Continental offers a
comprehensive range of suitable
pneumatic and solid tyres for a wide
range of potential applications. Making
the correct tyre choice enables fleet
managers to increase the efficiency of
logistics processes, reduce costs and
also protect the environment through
reduced CO2 emissions.
In the solid tyre segment,
Continental presents the robust, high-
mileage CS20, the market leading SC20
Mileage+, the unique SC20 CSEasy as
well as the retreaded solid tyre
Continental LifeCycle™, which is
particularly environmentally friendly.
Achieve the lowest overall driving continual management, monitoring and transparent partnership between the
costs through fleet services reporting, tyre maintenance services customer, Continental Tyres and the
and regular inspections, to a 24/7 call Conti Industrial tyre service provider.
Continental's Industrial Fleet Services centre and central billing, all wrapped
offers premium products and service to up with an efficient service with fast The service is delivered
forklift and industrial vehicle users with response times. throughout the UK and ROI by a
greater flexibility and choice. It offers the network of strategically located
highest quality products and services, Flexible service agreements specialist service providers, with 50+
expert technical back-up as well as are designed around the needs of a fleet IMI accredited tyre fitters, 40+ mobile
focus on key performance indicators and transparent reporting means and static industrial solid tyre presses
that reinforces the service levels offered, Continental can tailor solutions and with the ability to fit solid tyres over 20
delivering optimum performance and co n t r act s t o s u i t cu s t o me r s ' inches. There are over 30 certified
life from the tyres. The service requirements, budget, and billing network members and associates for
programmes range from the correct tyre preferences. The programme is fitting solid tyres and over 100
selection and fitment service, to designed to be a three-way, open and pneumatic tyre fitting associates.
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 29NEWS
Bridgestone launches
Firestone tyre brands for cars, SUVs
J apanese tyre major Bridgestone
Corporation introduced America's
legendary tyre brand Firestone with
the Firestone FR500 for cars and
car and SUV segments initially and
subsequently expand the size range.
“We hope to garner our fair
Bridgestone entered the country in
1996 and in March 1998 it set up its
first manufacturing facility at Kheda in
Madhya Pradesh, and expanded to
Firestone Destination LE02 for SUVs. share of the market through a wide Chakan, Pune in 2013.
Firestone, a 116-year-old brand, will network of dealerships and superior
focus on the passenger car and SUV quality and service,” Mimura said. Apart from tyres, the Tokyo-
segments in the initial phase with the based firm also manufactures a broad
new brand, the company has said. Firestone was founded in range of diversified products including
1900 at Akron, Ohio, by Harvey industrial rubber, chemical products
The new brand of tyres will be Firestone and in 1988, Bridgestone and sporting goods sold in over 150
manufactured at its plants in Chakan, Corporation of Japan acquired all markets.
Pune and Kheda near Indore. The operations of Firestone, transforming
company did not offer the pricing Bridgestone into one of
details, though. Launching the the world's largest
Firestone brand, Bridgestone India tyre and rubber
Managing Director Kazuhiko Mimura companies.
said, over the past few years, India has
emerged as one of the fastest growing
automotive markets in the world.
Firestone will focus on the passenger
30 BUS COACH INDIA SEPTEMBER : 2016NEWS
Allison Transmission
Supports new fuel efficiency
and emissions standards for commercial-duty vehicles
A llison Transmission (ALSN)
announced its support of new
standards issued by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA)
regarding fuel efficiency and
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for
medium and heavy-duty vehicles.
"Given the complexity of the
medium- and heavy-duty commercial
vehicle manufacturing sector, we
embraced the opportunity to work with
the EPA and NHTSA to review
technical issues and conduct additional
testing in developing the new
standards," said Deborah Gordon, vice
president of mobile source emissions
regulatory activities for Allison
Transmission.
The Phase 2 program is
expected to lower carbon dioxide
emissions by approximately 1.1 billion technologies, and the TC10® functionality. The TC10 maximizes
metric tons, save vehicle owners fuel transmission. FuelSense is the next powertrain efficiency while achieving
costs of about $170 billion, and reduce generation in fuel-savings technology, and maintaining highway cruising
oil consumption by up to 2 billion for any vocational vehicle, which speeds to save time and money.
barrels over the lifetime of the vehicles utilizes a unique set of software and
sold under the program. Phase 2 will electronic controls to improve fuel For city and transit buses,
also use emerging technologies that are economy up to 20 percent. Allison offers xFE technology to
not yet in widespread use. "With the improve fuel economy up to 7 percent.
ability to recognize fuel-saving features For Class 8 tractors, Allison With xFE, the transmission is designed
in our transmissions, we support use of offers the fully automatic TC10 specifically for the constant shifting and
the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model transmission which improves fuel lower average speeds for these duty
(GEM) as the program's primary economy by 5 percent when compared cycles. This allows buses to run longer
certification tool," said Gordon. "Our to trucks equipped with manual or where they are most efficient. The start-
latest technologies are already enabling automated manual transmissions stop dense routes and lower average
our customers to reduce fuel (AMTs). The TC10 uses 5th Generation speed duty cycles present special
consumption and emissions without Electronic Controls and FuelSense challenges for any transmission. Allison
sacrificing performance.” technology to provide superior fuel with xFE meets these challenges
economy features, prognostics to without sacrificing drivability or
Allison's newest products eliminate unnecessary oil and filter performance and are compatible with
include FuelSense® and xFE changes, and enhanced shift selector alternative fuel engines.
SEPTEMBER : 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 31You can also read
