UPSC PRELIMS REVISION SERIES - Demo - LECTURE
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UPSC
PRELIMS
REVISION
SERIES
Demo - LECTURE - 01
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GEOGRAPHY +
ENVIRONMENT
MARCH-DECEMBER
LECTURE – 1
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Sonbhadra Gold Mines
• Geographical Survey of India (GSI) provided estimates for the
amount of gold that can be extracted from a site in Sonbhadra
district of Uttar Pradesh.
• The Geological Survey of India (GSI) has rejected claims of
around 3000 tonnes of gold deposits in UP's Sonbhadra district,
saying the estimated reserve is 160 kg.
• The gold resource is located near a village called Mahuli, around
70 km from Sonbhadra district, the land is mainly forest area and
inhabited mostly by tribal and members of backward classes.
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What is GSI :-
• The GSI is a government organisation in India, attached to
the Ministry of Mines for conducting geological surveys and
studies.
• It is one of the premier organisations of earth science survey
and research in the world.
• The GSI was established in 1851 and is one of the oldest of
such organisations in the world and the second oldest survey
institution in the country.
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2. Vanilla Islands
• Vanilla Islands is an affiliation of the island nations Seychelles,
Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius, Comoros, Mayotte in the
Indian Ocean to form a new travel destination brand.
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Why Was it in News:-
• Operation Vanilla:
• The Navy has sent the INS Airavat, a large amphibious ship to
provide assistance.
• Further,this operation is also in line with Prime Minister’s vision
of ‘Security and Growth for all in the Region(SAGAR).
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 63. Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, is located off the east coast
of the Queensland mainland, Australia.
• It was entered into UNESCO World heritage List in 1981.
• Recently scientists have warned that the Great Barrier Reef will
face a critical period of heat stress over the coming weeks,
following the most widespread coral bleaching the natural world
has ever endured.
• Warming ocean temperatures, a sign of climate change, is
associated with the deteriorating health of the Reef.
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4. Himalayan Ibex a distinct species
• study by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)- Himalayan Ibex, is a
distinct species from the Siberian Ibex.
-funded through the National Mission on Himalayan Studies
● Siberian Ibex is a species of wild goat.
● Distribution: mountain ranges of central and northeastern
Afghanistan, China, north India (Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir
and Himachal Pradesh), eastern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia,
northeastern Uzbekistan, northern Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan.
● IUCN Status: Least Concern
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 9About ZSI :-
• The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI),
• founded on 1 July 1916 by Government of India
• Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change,
• as premier Indian organisation in zoological research and
studies to promote the survey, exploration and research of
the fauna in the country.
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 105.Gaur back in Valmiki Reserve after
increase in grassland cover
• News: According to a report, Gaur (Bos Gaurus) has returned to
Bihar’s Valmiki Tiger Reserve(VTR) due to an increase in grassland
cover.
• The gaur also called the Indian bison is the largest extant bovine. It
is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the State animal of
Goa.
● Listed as Vulnerable under IUCN Red List.
● CITES- Appendix I
● Threats: a) Hunting for consumption b) Loss of suitable habitat and
c) contract diseases transmitted by domestic cattle.
• Valmiki Tiger Reserve, NP is the only from Bihar.
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• Study of 70 million years old mollusc fossil from Oman.
• Earth spun 372 times a year 70 million years ago, compared to
the current 365 times.
• Earth‘s spin has slowed over time.
• friction from ocean tides, caused by the Moon‘s gravity, a slows
Earth‘s rotation and leads to longer days.
• As Earth‘s spin slows, the Moon moves farther away.
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 127. Teesta River
• Teesta River - 315 km long river, rises in the eastern
Himalayas, flows through the Indian states of Sikkim and West
Bengal through Bangladesh and enters the Bay of Bengal.
• It forms the border between Sikkim and West Bengal.
• BRO opens bridge on Teesta river, will connect North Sikkim
with rest of country.The 86 Road Construction Company (RCC)
of 758 Border Roads Task Force (BRTF), under Project
Swastik, commenced the construction of the bridge in October
2019 and completed it in January 2020.
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 13ABOUT BRO
• The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) (General Reserve
Engineering Force) develops and maintains road networks in India's
border areas and friendly neighboring countries.
• BRO maintains operations in 19 states & three UTs (Andaman and
Nicobar Islands, Jammu-Kashmir & Ladakh) and neighboring
countries such as Afghanistan, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka.
• The BRO operates and maintains over 32,885 kilometers of roads
and about 12,200 meters of permanent bridges in the country. BRO
was formed in 1960.
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 148. SAWEN
• South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network
• SAWEN, is a Regional network
• It was launched in 2011 with its Secretariat based in
Kathmandu, Nepal.
• eight countries in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
• It aims at working as a strong regional inter-governmental body
for combating wildlife crime by attempting common goals and
approaches for combating illegal trade in the region.
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 159. RED PANDA
● The Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a mammal native to the
eastern Himalayas and southwestern China.
● found in Sikkim, western Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling district
of West Bengal and parts of Meghalaya.
• It is also the state animal of Sikkim.
● IUCN Red List: Endangered
● Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972: Schedule I
● CITES: Appendix I
● Threats: a) Habitat loss and fragmentation b) Hunting for meat
and Trade c) Natural disasters among others.
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 16About TRAFFIC
• TRAFFIC is a Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network established
in 1976 jointly by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
● It is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally
on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both
biodiversity conservation and sustainable development
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 1710.Near-extinct hard ground swamp
deer see revival in Kanha
• Hard ground swamp deer (Barasingha or Rucervus duvaucelii), the
state animal of Madhya Pradesh, is seeing a revival in the Kanha
National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) after having been
perilously close to extinction for a long time.
• The species now numbers 800, after five decades of persistent
conservation work.
Kanha National park and Tiger Reserve:- It is located on the Maikal
range of the Satpura hills, and iscspread over Mandla and Balaghat
districts of Madhya Pradesh.
• It is first tiger reserve in India to officially introduce a mascot,
Bhoorsingh the Barasingha
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 1811. Black carbon levels spike at Himalayan
glaciers
• Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG),
• black carbon concentrations near glacier 400 times in summer
due to forest fires and stubble burning
• Black carbon results from the incomplete combustion of fossil
fuels and biomass
• It is short-lived and remains in the atmosphere only for days to
weeks before it descends as rain or snow.
• Black carbon absorbs solar energy and warms the atmosphere
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 19Other Types of Carbon:-
1. Blue Carbon: It refers to coastal, aquatic and marine carbon
sinks held by vegetation, marine organisms and sediments.
2. Green Carbon: It is the carbon that is stored in terrestrial
ecosystems such as forests, pastures and soils.
3. Brown Carbon: It is a light-absorbing particle in the Earth's
atmosphere that has the unique characteristics of both cooling
the planet's surface and warming its atmosphere.
JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 2021. Gangotri Glacier
● Gangotri Glacier is located in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand.
● Gaumukh, the snout of the Gangotri glacier is the source of
river Bhgairathi, one of the important tributary of River Ganga
For MAP – PTO
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JOIN PT-365 SERIES : - TEMSIAS.COM /PL AN / 22Malabar Civet
Malabar Civet was found on the streets of Kerala in the backdrop of
lockdown due to Coronavirus.
● Malabar Civet is a nocturnal and elusive animal. It is endemic to
Western Ghats of India.
● IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered.
● Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972: Schedule I
● CITES: Appendix III
Civetone — extract from the scent gland — used in medicine, and as
an aromatic
● Threats: Habitat destruction and Hunting.
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LOT !!
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