US NextGen / EU SESAR, the 13th Labor of Hercules? - Capt Alban FRANÇOIS, MSc Belgian Defence Directorate General Material Resources E-mail : ...
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Copied 4/22/2016 from: http://www.lockheedmartin.com/content/dam/lockheed/data/aero/documents/global-
sustainment/product-support/2011HOC-Presentations/Tues_0900-Belgian_Defence.pdf
'2011 Hercules Operators Conference', held in Atlanta, October 17-22.
Index of presentations at: http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/aeronautics/eoc/hoc/2011-hoc-presentations.html
US NextGen / EU SESAR,
the 13th Labor of Hercules?
Capt Alban FRANÇOIS, MSc
Belgian Defence
Directorate General Material Resources
E-mail : alban.francois@mil.be
Summary
• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
2
Summary
• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
3
Belgium
4
BD’s Current Operations Average C130 abroad per day 2006 3,3 2007 3,3 2008 3,3 2009 3,5 2010 3,6 5
Summary
• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
6
BD C130 Fleet
• 12 C-130H acquired in 1972/1973
– 2 A/C lost:
• 1996 (CH-06) : Crash @ Eindhoven (Netherlands)
• 2006 (CH-02) : Fire @ DLM Facilities (SNT, Brussels)
– 1 former USAF C-130E acquired in 2007
• Upgrade and major overhaul performed
• Delivered by Sabena Technics on Mar 06th
2009
7
BD C130 Mission
Statement
• To assure permanently the simultaneous use of C-
130‟s at MOB, two DOB‟s for prolonged periods
& a third DOB for a short period
• Ability to conduct Combined Joint airlift Ops in a
multinational or allied coalition environment
• Ability to deploy 8 C-130‟s at once
• Ability to perform a variety of operations
e.g. Engine Running Offload, Aerial delivery,…
8
BD C130 Fleet in Figures
(Situation mid Sep 11)
• Accumulated Fl Hrs
– Avg : 19.217 Hrs
– Total : 211.388 Hrs
• Accumulated landings
– Avg excl CH-13 : 14.044
– CH-13: estimated at 2.608
(history incomplete)
• Average severity factor: 1,13 (CH-13: 1,9)
Average Equivalent Baseline Hours:
21.715 Hrs 9
Summary
• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
10Introduction to
US NextGen
• Observation of the FAA: The congestion of
the air transportation system in the US will
increase and, if unaddressed, would cost the
American economy $22 billion annually in lost
of economic activity by 2022.
Solution: The Next Generation Air
Transportation System
• Source and additional information:
http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/ 11Introduction to
US NextGen
• Scope (in addition to existing RNAV/RNP
requirements):
– Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast
(ADS-B)
– System Wide Information Management (SWIM)
– Next Gen Data Communications: Controller-Pilot
Datalink Communication (CPDLC)
– Next Gen Network Enabled Weather (NNEW)
– NAS voice switch (NVS)
12Introduction to
US NextGen
ADS-B
Source: FAA 14Introduction to
US NextGen
Source: FAA 15Introduction to
EU SESAR
• Context:
– Europe does not have a single sky (managed at the
European level).
– European airspace is among the busiest in the
world with over 33,000 flights on busy days and
high airport density.
• In order to cope this fragmentation and
modernize the architecture of the European
ATM, the European Commission launched in
2004 the Single European Sky ATM
Research (SESAR) 16Introduction to
EU SESAR
• SESAR is a collaborative project over 30 years
and structured in three phases:
– a Definition phase (2004–2008) led by
EuroControl (with consortium of stakeholders)
objective: delivery of an ATM master plan
– a Development phase (2008–2013) managed by
SESAR Joint Undertaking production of the
new technological systems per the ATM master
plan
– a Deployment phase (2014–2020) for large-scale
implementation of the new ATM infrastructure.
17Introduction to
EU SESAR
• Source and additional information:
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/air/sesar/sesar_en.
htm and http://www.sesarju.eu/Introduction to EU SESAR
and comparison with
US NextGen
US NextGen
Required Navigation
Performance (RNP)
Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast ADS-B
System Wide Information
Management (SWIM)
Next Gen Data
Communications (CPDLC)
Next Gen Network
Enabled Weather (NNEW)
NAS voice switch (NVS)
19Introduction to
EU SESAR
20Summary • Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) • BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures • Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR • Required Navigation Performance • Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication • Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast • BD modification policy • Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics • BD C-130 capabilities and certification process 21
Required Navigation
Performance
Objective
ATC bust
Source: JetBlue 22Required Navigation
Performance
Definitions
Required Navigation Performance
(RNP):
•• Area
Certification
RNPNavigation requirements
(RNAV):
Autorisation Required Conventional
APCH (RNP routes are Navigation
Precision Area
– •Navigation
AR) Allows an aircraft
accuracyto(as defined
flyRNAV) bylevel
to desired ground-based
(P-RNAV):
a(e.g.
specific
0.3) path between • Navigation accuracy
–– two
are characterized
Containment
points defined by NAVAIDS
3- less than 10-5 / FH
integrity
(VOR, TACAN,
= 1Nm for 95% of time
• Navigation (lat
– dimensionally
Precision
– lon until
Containment continuity ADF,…)
–less 0.1Nm approach phase
than 10-4/FH. • Certification per JAA
• Curved flight path (RF-leg) in final (after FAF)
– altitude)
System Availability Receiver Autonomous TGL 10 (Airworthiness
• Protections
•Integrity
No areas to
needMonitoring
anymore laterally
fly limited to 2xRNP value
(RAIM) & Operational
without
directly overany additional buffer.
ground- approval for P-RNAV)
• RNP approaches (RNP APCH) :
– based
Certification
NAVAIDS of aircraft per AMC 20-26
– are characterized by Navigation Precision ≤
•0.3Nm
Fundamental
in approach & 1Nm Missed approach
– requirement
Certificationisofthe
aircraft per AMC 20-27
navigation accuracy
23Required Navigation
Performance
RNAV vs RNP
ICAO Doc 9613 PBN Manual
RNAV SPECIFICATION RNP SPECIFICATION
RNAV 5 RNAV 1/2 RNAV 10 RNP 4 RNP 2 A-RNP B RNP 1 RNP 0.3 RNP APCH RNP AR
Improved
Improved Improved Improved Greater Improved Improved Improved Improved Improved efficiency,
density TMA Ops & Flex w/ domestic enroute enroute rotorcraft efficiency, access and
airspace benefits w/ 30/30 NM remote ops:/flow transition ops access and airspace
10-18 NM
utilisation 50 NM route separation ops:/flow ops/flow & airspace use
route
& flow separartion access use
spacing
•Appr/Dep
•Enroute •TMA/Enroute •Oceanic •Remote •Enroute/ •Enroute/ •Enroute/ •Enroute/ •Approach
Remote TMA TMA TMA
• 5NM • 1NM • 10NM
•0.1 - 1NM
• 4NM •2NM •0.3 - 2NM •1 NM •0.3 NM •0.3 - 1NM
•AMC20-4 •TGL 10 •AC 20-130A
•AMC 20-26
•AC20-130A •AC pending •AC pending •AC pending •AC pending •AMC 20-27
• AC 90-96A •AC 90-96A •N8400.12A
• AC 90-101A
•N8400.33
•GNSS/IRU
•GNSS •GNSS •GNSS •GNSS •GNSS/WAAS •GNSS
•GNSS •GNSS •IRU, GNSS
•RNP alert
•RNP Alert •Perf alert •RNP alert •RNP alert •Perf alert •Perf alert
•No Alert •No Alert •No Alert
•95% RAIM
•95% Cont •95% Cont •95% Cont •95% Cont •Surveillance •95% RAIM
•95% Cont •95% Cont •95% Cont
•VEB
•ADS •No/Ltd •Surveillance •No/Ltd •VNAV, option
•RADAR •RADAR •Procedural
surveillance surveillance •VNAV
•RVSM •VNAV, RF •RF option •VNAV, option
•RVSM •Was P-RNAV &•RVSM
•VNAV option FRT option •VNAV, •RF
US RNAV •No FRT •No RF
•Was B-RNAV •Was RNP 10 option
•VNAV option 25
•No RFRequired Navigation
Performance
Benefits
Ground systems
dependent
Constant Descend
Angle
= efficient fuel
consumption
= noise reduction
Lower minima’s
26Required Navigation
Performance
Benefits
• Globally: Manage the limited sky more wisely, i.e.
– Increased safety (confidence in accuracy of position)
– Shorter routes
reduced time JFK
– Constant descent angle Visual/VOR
vs.
= Cte power settings RNP
noise reduction JFK
Environment: less fuel Descent Profile View
consumption (and CO2
emission)
– Increased capacity
27Required Navigation
Performance
Benefits
• Military spin-offs:
– Accuracy and RAIM:
– Controlled Flight into Terrain
Concealment in valley (even
in IMC and NVG conditions)
– IMC airdrops
– Increased capacity: design of
multiple autonomous FMS
approaches and departures
pseudorandom landings and
take-off
28Summary • Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) • BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures • Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR • Required Navigation Performance • Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication • Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast • BD modification policy • Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics • BD C-130 capabilities and certification process 29
Controller-Pilot Datalink
Communication (CPDLC)
• Background:
– number of flights
pilots on same freq
risk of override
saturation of frequency
– Misunderstanding of voice
communication
• Solution: CPLDC
– Scope: ATC communication
through ACARS
30Summary • Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) • BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures • Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR • Required Navigation Performance • Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication • Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast • BD modification policy • Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics • BD C-130 capabilities and certification process 31
Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast
(ADS-B)
• Scope: Pilots and ATC see the whole real-time
display of air traffic based on GPS-position sent
through aircraft transponders.
• Civilian „Link-16‟ equivalent
Situational Awareness & safety enhancer
32Summary
• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
33BD Modification Policy
• Reason for modification:
– Mission statement and operational need
– Technico-logistical need (obsolescence)
– Evolution of the CNS/ATM regulations
• Principles
– Choice of implementation based on trade-off
between operational benefit and cost
– Follow as much as possible civilian (EASA, FAA)
and military (NATO) regulations
– COTS > MOTS > BD Specific
– Certification based on civilian requirements 34Summary
• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
35Introduction to the
BD C-130 Avionics
1996: Integration of Honeywell's Integrated Vehicle Mission
Management System (IVMMS) Automatic Flight
Flight Control System
Integrated: single control & display
Management Navigation Database
System
Navigation 1 GPS
Control Display 1 INS
sensors
Unit 2 VOR
Pilot 2 TACAN
System 2 ADF
Electronic Flight Processor 1 2 AHRS
Instrument System 2 ADSU
Communication 2 HF
2 VHF-UHF
Management 1 UHF
Control Display Surveillance 1 Weather Radar
Unit System 1 Radar-Altimeter
Processor 2 2 IFF
Copilot
Electronic Flight Electronic Warfare 1 AAR-44
Instrument System Mil Ops 1 ALE-40
VUHF - DF 36Introduction to the
BD C-130 Avionics
Major avionics evolutions post-IVMMS
Automatic Flight
Flight Control System
Integrated: single control & display + Engine Management Navigation Database
Instrument Display
System (EIDS) System
Navigation 1 GPS
Control Display 1 INS
sensors
Unit 2 VOR
Pilot + ESI 2 TACAN
System 2 ADF
Electronic Flight Processor 1 2 AHRS
Instrument System 2 ADSU
Communication 2 HF
Software Evolutions + ACARS
2 VHF-UHF
Management 1 UHF
SATCOM
Control Display Surveillance 1 Weather Radar + FDR
Unit System 1 Radar-Altimeter CVR
Processor 2 2 IFF TCAS
Copilot
Electronic Flight Electronic Warfare 1 AAR-44
Instrument System Mil Ops 1ACMDS
ALE-40
VUHF - DF + RWR37Introduction to the
BD C-130 Avionics
• Observation in 2003:
– CDU‟s are obsoletes since 2000
– SP CPU & compiler are no longer supported and
lack of computing power (ADA) to sustain needed
S/W evolutions
– Navigation subsystem is not compliant anymore with
regulations (P-RNAV)
• Requirements for IVMMS Maintenance Plan
(IMP)
– General: Need to support BD C-130 operations up to
2020 according to the existing mission statementIntroduction to the
BD C-130 Avionics
• Requirements for IVMMS Maintenance Plan
(IMP)
– General: Need to support BD C-130 operations up to
2020 according to the existing mission statement
– Scope: Integration of
ACARS
CDU 1 GPS 1 INU EGPWS
New CPU
CCA
IFF
New I/O System
CCA Processor
+
MCDU MFRD
EIDS 2 EGI
Production Line
FMS Software
39BD C-130 Cockpit
Evolutions 1996-2011
A/P - F/D Ctls PFI - EFIS St-by Fl Instr. Comms & TAC TCAS EW 40IVMMS Maintenance Plan
Program Organization
Belgian
Defence
Purchase B-kits Aircraft
S/W Development Integration
Sabena
Honeywell
Technics
Mission FDAU Engineering Doc update
MCDU
Sp Tool retrofit
Lockheed
Sogerma Derco
Tybrin Barco Meggitt Martin
Adaptive
Aerospace
41Summary
• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
42BD C-130 Capabilities &
Certification Process
Required Navigation Performance
• RNP APCH or RNP AR?
– BD C-130 IMP can (nearly) handle all functionalities
required by RNP AR
– RNP APCH < RNP AR
RNP AR is a 1 time bigger effort for certification
but enables all functionalities
Secundary
(benefit vs
Primary
cost) Secundary
Area Area Area
RNP AR 0,3
NM
0,3
NM
0,3
NM
0,3
NM
0,3
NM
0,5
NM
CentreLine
RNP Limit RNP Limit
Containment Containment
Limit Limit 43BD C-130 Capabilities &
Certification Process
Required Navigation Performance
• Certification AMC 20-26
– Certification of aircraft:
• Accuracy / Integrity / Continuity / Availability
• Functional criteria's • Need support of OEM
• Failure to meet specific functional criteria
– Adaptation of procedures can be mitigated through adaptation of
proceduresDGPS-flight
& training
– Crew Training @NeedMarshall
29
Aerospace
Flight
Apr
Operational Safety
2010
Assesment (FOSA)
– Approach failures follow-up procedure
– Navigation Database validation process
Certification in finalization for BD C-130 IMP44BD C-130 Capabilities &
Certification Process
CPDLC
• Requirement for State aircraft:
• Only for transport type aircraft flying in IFR/GAT
above FL285
• Applies only to new aircraft entering into service
after 01 Jan 2014
Not mandatory on C-130 BD maintenance
policy: implementation only if cost beneficial.
• With the integration of the ACARS onto the
IVMMS within IMP, the BD C-130 should be
CPDLC compliant
45BD C-130 Capabilities &
Certification Process
CPDLC
• Certification
– Test flight performed with CH-09 on 10 Feb 2011
• Successful logged on to the Maastricht-UAC
CPDLC infrastructure, when still being on the
apron.
• During the flight, uplink clearances and downlink
requests were successfully exchanged between the
crew and ATCO's at Maastricht involving both the
Hannover and DECO Sectors Groups.
Eurocontrol:
46BD C-130 Capabilities &
Certification Process
CPDLC & ADS-B
• CPDLC – Certification (cont‟d)
– Begin May 2011: Trans-oceanic flight with CH-09:
– Gander:
– Shanwick: issues with SITA
The Belgian Air Force is the first Air Force being
CPDLC equipped at Maastricht-UAC
• ADS-B
– BD C-130 IMP will be ADS-B Out capable after
installation of APX-119
– ADS-B In capacity still to be determined 47Summary
• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
48Conclusions
• Aging Fleet (40 years old) but state of the art
Avionics conform civilian and military regulations
• Installation of new functionality is trade-off
between operational benefit and cost
Example for RNP: choice between
– certification investment (material was already
available (P-RNAV requirement for IMP))
– “see and avoid” operations in mountainous area‟s
(as Kabul) in Night IMC conditions
• BD C130 Fleet fits the operational needs 49Conclusion
Hercules Labors
• To kill the Nemean lion
• To destroy the Lernaean Hydra
• To capture Ceryneian Hind alive
• To trap the Erymanthian boar
• To clean the Augean stables
• To get rid of the Stymphalian birds
• To capture the Cretan bull
• To round up the Mares of Diomedes
• To fetch Hippolyte's girdle, or belt
• To fetch the cattle of Geryon
• To fetch the golden apples of the Hesperides
• To bring Cerberus from Tartarus
• To fly in the US Next Gen and Single EU Sky: with RNP AR capability,
with CPDLC and with ADS-Out (and –In).
50Q&A
Belgian Defence C130
Operated and Maintained With Tenacity
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