Victorian Public Pools State of the Sector Report 2019/20 - Life Saving ...
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2019/20 Victorian Public Pools State of the Sector Report
About Life Saving Victoria (LSV) About Aquatics & Recreation
Established in 2002, Life Saving Victoria (LSV) is an Victoria (ARV)
initiative of the Royal Life Saving Society – Australia (RLSA) Aquatics and Recreation Victoria (ARV) is Victoria’s peak
Victoria Branch (est. 1904) and Surf Life Saving Victoria industry body for aquatics and recreation.
(est. 1947) to prevent aquatic-related death and injury.
ARV is a not-for-profit, member-based association providing
LSV’s vision is that all communities learn water safety,
support, professional development, training, advocacy,
swimming and resuscitation, and enjoy safe beaches, water
research and networking opportunities to those who plan,
environments and aquatic venues.
build, own, operate or service aquatic and recreation facilities
Operating as a social enterprise, LSV is an independent across Victoria.
company that is limited by guarantee, with more than 300
staff and 38,000 volunteer members. Together, LSV works ARV positions itself to remain relevant and responsive to the
with communities, educational institutions, emergency industry and partners it represents. It pursues a strategy of
service organisations, government, businesses and the developing effective relationships with a range of partners
broader aquatic industry, across a range of operational across the aquatic and recreation, commercial, health, local
activities and services including: government and state government sectors.
• Seasonal beach lifesaving. ARV facilitates industry development and advocacy,
• Event lifesaving. research opportunities, delivers aquatics services, conducts
• Water safety education and campaigns. special projects and studies to provide key information on
behalf of the industry. It works to provide guidelines and
• Aquatic leadership and development.
benchmarks in consultation with industry, the tertiary sector
• Public aquatic and first aid training.
and government. ARV’s key role is to develop effective
• Aquatic risk assessments. partnerships by bringing industry organisations together to
• Multicultural water safety education. achieve a common goal.
• Research and evaluation.
Acknowledgements Definitions
LSV and ARV gratefully acknowledge Community Issue-based • Any pool where swimming lessons
the public pool representatives and Working Group: are being conducted (for the
government/industry agencies that A stakeholder group formally engaged duration of the lesson/s).
contribute to water safety across the to address Victoria’s primary drowning • Any swimming pool offering
Victorian public pool sector by: prevention issues. access on a pay-per-usage basis is
Guidelines for Safe Pool Operations considered public for the duration of
• Contributing to industry committees
(GSPO): Recommended minimum the pay-per-access usage.
and working groups.
safety standard for swimming pools. Communal pool: A privately owned
• Attending industry conferences and
events. Platinum Pool: Pools that successfully pool that is accessible by a group
complete a series of annual of people and/or their customers.
• Adhering to industry guidelines.
assessments and adhere to a strict Communal pools include:
• Investing in staff training and code of practice, accredited under
professional development. • Apartment building pools.
LSV’s Platinum Pool Program.
• Developing and/or supporting • Body corporate pools.
Pool Safety Assessment: Auditing a
industry resources. • Hotel, motel and caravan park
pool’s operational performance against
• Participating in and/or supporting pools.
known industry standards, behaviours
industry research and evaluation. and expectations, specific to staff and • Short and long-term serviced
patron safety. apartments.
Public pool: Under the National Aquatic • Airbnb and/or other Bed
Facility Classification and Definition and Breakfast commercial
System the following facilities are accommodation arrangements.
considered public pools: Communal pools are referred to as ‘Class
• Council-owned pools. 3’ pools in the National Aquatic Facility
Classification and Definition System.
• Learn-to-swim pools.
• Early childhood care, tertiary
education and higher education
venue pools.
Contents
About Life Saving Victoria 2
About Aquatics and Recreation Victoria 2
Acknowledgements 2
Definitions 2
Aim 4
Objectives 4
Introduction from LSV and ARV 5
Sector size and economic benefits 6
Public pool social and health benefits 7
2019-20 Overview 8
Impacts of COVID-19 9
#InThisTogether –
LSV’s aquatic industry COVID-19 response 10
#OurIndustryConnected –
ARV’s aquatic and recreation industry
COVID-19 response 11
Distribution of Victorian public pools 12
Drowning statistics 14
New industry initiatives 16
Updates to ongoing industry initiatives 20
Sector safety 22
Research and industry strategies 28
Case studies from industry 30
Industry awards 32
News and events 33
New facility developments 34
Industry profiles 36
References and methods 38
Stakeholder opportunities 39
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 3
Aim Objectives
The annual Victorian This report provides:
Public Pools – State of the • An overview of the
Sector Report provides a industry’s size, scope
snapshot of the public and value.
pool industry. • Analysis of industry
safety performance
The target audiences
and trends.
for the report are facility
• An overview of sector
owners and operators,
projects, research and
aquatic industry agencies
new initiatives.
and government
• Details of key industry
departments.
award and event
winners.
• Insights into trends
in public pool use by
customers.
• Evidence of the
impact of COVID-19
on the industry and
communities.
4 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report
Introduction from
LSV and ARV
LSV and ARV are proud to present the third
annual Victorian Public Pools – State of the
Sector Report.
This report provides a broad, overall snapshot
of the public pool industry. As the one true
source of information, this report will increase
collaboration, improve analysis and evaluation,
and lead to more informed decisions within the
industry.
By working together, LSV and ARV are
creating a greater understanding of the
sector and better outcomes for members and
stakeholders.
Information and data have been provided
by LSV, ARV, industry partners and publicly
available sources. Understanding and
interpreting these will provide better insight into
the sector’s size, performance and broader
landscape. The insights continue to inform
smarter, more confident and larger public
pool investments.
Dr Nigel Taylor ESM Kathy Parton
CEO Interim CEO
Life Saving Victoria Aquatics &
Recreation Victoria
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 5
Sector size
and economic
benefits
$38.8m
288
annual direct economic benefit to the Victorian
economy is provided by outdoor pools
(Swimming Australia, 2020).
Victorian council-owned pools.
280 $242m
annual direct economic benefit to the Victorian
additional Victorian public-access pools. economy is provided by indoor pools and
indoor/outdoor complexes (Swimming Australia, 2020).
70million+ $247m
visits to Victorian aquatic recreation facilities
in a typical (non-COVID-19) year annual indirect economic benefit to the
(Victorian Water Safety Assembly, 2016).
Victorian economy is provided by public pool
supply chains and ancillary expenditures
40,000+
(Swimming Australia, 2020).
employees trained in water safety each year
(Skills IQ, 2018).
$36m
annual indirect health contributions is provided
by swimming in Victoria (Swimming Australia, 2020).
Sport and active
recreation $1.1b
make a significant contribution to Victoria’s lifetime health contribution is provided by
liveability (Sport and Recreation Victoria, 2017). swimming in Victoria (Swimming Australia, 2020).
$8.5b $110m
value of sport and recreation to the Victorian annual direct contribution to the regional
economy (Sport and Recreation Victoria, 2017). Victorian economy is provided by public pools
(Swimming Australia, 2020).
$1.8b $194m
annual direct economic benefit to the
Victorian economy is provided by swimming annual direct contribution to the metropolitan
(Swimming Australia, 2020). Melbourne economy is provided by public
pools (Swimming Australia, 2020).
$304m $933m
annual direct economic benefit to the Victorian
economy is provided by public pool operations four-year planned infrastructure spend
(including learn-to-swim) (Swimming Australia, 2020). (Victorian Auditor General’s Office, 2016).
6 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report
Public pool Swimming and water safety skills are a critical
component in drowning prevention
social and (World Health Organisation, 2014).
health Drowning costs the Australian economy
$1.5 billion each year (RLSA, 2018).
benefits
Each swimming pool visit generates $26 in health
benefits to the community (RLSA, 2017).
Swimming is Australia’s largest participation
sport, and Australia’s most successful sport at
the Olympics and Paralympics (Swimming Australia, 2020).
Insufficient physical activity is responsible for
five per cent of all death and disability in Australia
(RLSA, 2017).
Lack of sufficient physical activity costs the
Australian economy $3.7 billion every year
(RLSA, 2017).
The average aquatic facility creates $2.72 million
a year in value to the community (RLSA, 2017).
Physical activity has a 25 per cent preventative
impact on anxiety and depression
(Harvard University, 2020).
Increasing the rate of physical activity by
10 per cent has been estimated to reduce
physical inactivity (low levels of physical activity)
related deaths by 15 per cent and new cases by
13 per cent (VicHealth, 2016).
Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause
of death due to non-communicable disease
worldwide (heart disease, stroke, diabetes and
cancers) – contributing to over three million
preventable deaths annually (six per cent of
deaths globally) (World Health Organization, 2009).
Increasing the activity of physically inactive
Victorians would save $245 million in health costs
in a lifetime (Victoria State Government, 2017).
Increasing the activity of physically inactive
Victorians would increase workplace productivity
by $3.1 billion in a lifetime (Victoria State Government, 2017).
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 7
2019-20 2019-20 was marred by bushfires,
Overview poor air quality and a global
pandemic. It was a challenging
time for everyone, and the aquatic
and recreation industry was
impacted significantly.
It was also a time when industry personnel drew on the resilience and
skills they had learned to help each other, their communities and their
stakeholders.
It will be a year remembered not just for the difficulties, but also for
the way it brought the aquatic industry together (while staying apart)
to find new and innovative solutions to how it delivers services to the
community.
It is clear that technology equipped the industry to adapt to new
challenges, but it was also a time to recognise that a screen can
never replace the value of meaningful, face-to-face interaction or the
feelings of joy and rejuvenation that swimming in a pool and gathering
at community facilities brings.
There is little doubt that a blend of online and face-to-face service
delivery will continue to assist the industry in providing more efficient
and effective services to its stakeholders into the future.
8 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report
Impacts of The Arts and Recreation sectors
COVID-19 have been hardest hit by COVID-19
lockdowns (ABS, 2020).
PUBLIC POOL CLOSURES* FROM 16 MARCH - 31 MAY 2020 RESULTED IN:
-$346 -$21 million -$6.9 million -13 million
million immediate detrimental detrimental effect visits to
effect to regional on public health public pools
immediate detrimental
Victoria’s economy with further ongoing did not occur.
effect to the Victorian
with ongoing further detrimental
economy with ongoing Indirectly adversely
detrimental impacts. impacts. affecting physical
further detrimental
impacts. activity levels and
mental health.
-8,000 -145,000 -$523,000
aquatic industry staff swim lessons average immediate
missed out on water were missed detrimental economic
safety training. each week. effects on each
aquatic facility’s local
community with ongoing
further detrimental
impacts.
*It is noted that this data is restricted only to the 2019-20 financial year
and that impacts carry over into the 2020-21 financial year.
**It is noted that adverse economic, health and social impacts could
have been significantly greater in the face of the Coronavirus (COVID-19)
pandemic had restrictions not been imposed. LSV and ARV remain
supportive of all government efforts to protect the Victorian community.
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 9
#InThisTogether Every area of LSV was affected by the
LSV’s aquatic COVID-19 pandemic, but the team have
proven to be #InThisTogether through the
industry development of a number of innovative
COVID-19 solutions that kept the aquatic and recreation
response industry connected, informed and engaged.
For aquatic and recreation industry professionals who temporarily
lost their workplaces to the pandemic, the online Aquatic, Fitness
and Recreation (AFAR) – Professional Development Series provided
opportunities to keep the aquatic and recreation industry informed
and their thinking current in a rapidly changing environment.
The Water Safety @Home Series provided learning opportunities for
children who were missing out on swimming lessons to learn at home.
Mental Wellbeing Mondays and Blue Connections provided industry
personnel opportunities to connect and look after their psychological
wellbeing.
CPR & First @Home offerings were quickly mobilised to allow industry
personnel to keep their qualifications up to date without needing to
leave their homes.
Throughout the pandemic, LSV worked with industry leaders to
advocate on the impacts experienced by aquatic facilities and learn-
to-swim schools and recognises the unprecedented hardships faced
by the industry in 2019-20, and that they will continue to be felt into
the future.
Through this period, LSV lead a number of key advocacy initiatives
including the provision of an industry Return to Play Plan endorsed by
government to be used by aquatic facilities in order to facilitate a safe
and early as possible reopening.
LSV worked closely with the Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS), Sport and Recreation Victoria (SRV), WorkSafe and
Emergency Management Victoria (EMV) to ensure timely, evidence-
based and effective advocacy was given between government and
industry as well as participating in and leading a number of industry
forums and engagement activities to ensure the sharing of information
and enable effective decision making.
By looking at how LSV could service the needs of industry
professionals working from home, as well as the needs of government
and industry organisations, LSV took a multilateral and holistic
approach to its support, advocacy and engagement efforts and would
like to thank every partner and stakeholder for their collaboration over
this difficult period.
10 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report#OurIndustryConnected
ARV’s aquatic The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a significant
impact on the Victorian aquatic and recreation
and recreation industry.
industry While some annual ARV activities have either been rescheduled, pivoted
COVID-19 or adapted, ARV’s focus over this period of 2020 has been to enable and
lead industry engagement and advocacy activities within Victoria and
response nationally.
As a peak Victorian industry body, our priority has been to represent
our members and industry through important integrative functions
including research, provision of advice to government and the sector,
advocacy and representation to government and other decision-makers,
Key collaborative information dissemination within the sector and to the community,
outcomes have industry consultation and coordination within the sector and industry
included: capacity building.
ARV has closely monitored the COVID-19 pandemic using official
• Victorian Aquatics
sources to ensure the best information has been provided to the industry
and Recreation to enable a consistent industry response to government COVID-19
Industry Recovery directions.
Proposal. ARV has established and participated in a number of new collaborations
to ensure industry connection and enable contemporary industry advice
• Victorian Aquatics to government, including the Victorian Aquatics and Recreation Industry
and Recreation Leaders Group, the National Aquatics and Recreation Industry Leaders
Group, the Victorian Aquatics Industry Alliance and the Australian Leisure
Reopening Facilities Networking Committee. These groups, comprising senior
Proposal. industry personnel, have informed advocacy activities, industry resource
development, industry engagement and industry innovations.
• Victorian Aquatics ARV have provided opportunities for multiple segments of the Victorian
and Recreation aquatic and recreation industry to regularly stay engaged, be informed,
Advocacy Plan. learn from each other, problem-solve and provide peer support
throughout this changing and challenging year.
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 11Distribution There are more than 560 public pools
of Victorian in Victoria, providing infrastructure and
services for aquatic leisure, learn-to-swim
public pools and rehabilitation.
Regional
public pools
12 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector ReportMetropolitan
public pools
Legend
Pool Type
Council (288)
Learn to Swim (193)
School / University (81)
Population density
3 people or fewer per km2
3.1 to 8.5 people per km2
8.6 to 138 people per km2
139 to 1575 people per km2
1576 to 4870 people per km2
*not shown on map:
approximately 100 communal pools
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 13Key statistics
Drowning
statistics 10
Drowning deaths in public pools
since July 2000
There were
no drowning
deaths in 78%
Victorian public Of drowning victims
were male
pools in 2019-20.
However, there 29 Median age of
were 24 non- Years Drowning victims
fatal drowning
incidents
attended by
92 Non-fatal drowning
incidents in public pools
paramedics. in the past 5 years
(2014-15 to 2019-20)
41%
of non-fatal drowning incidents
were children aged 5-14 years.
Key contributing factors to FIGURE 1 Frequency of fatal and non-fatal drowning at public
fatal drowning deaths: pools 2014/15 to 2019/20*
Fatal
Non-fatal
Lack of supervision
11*
22
12
25
24
2
1
0
0
9
0
0
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Pre-existing *Note: Figure 1 missing non-fatal drowning data in
medical conditions 2014-15 due to industrial action by paramedics.
14 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector ReportFatal and non-fatal drownings
at public swimming pools
Fatal drowning Although outside the scope of the Victorian Public Pools - State of the
incidents Sector Report, it is important to note that there were two drowning deaths
in a communal ‘Class 3’ pool during this period. (Class 3 pools are those
There were no located in a residential building, including pools within hotels/motels,
drowning deaths caravan parks, apartment complexes and retirement villages.)
Since July 2000, there have been ten drowning deaths in public pools in
at public pools in Victoria, representing 1.2 per cent of the total unintentional drowning deaths
Victoria in the last in Victoria. Further analysis of drowning deaths in public pools over the past
20 years revealed that 78 per cent were male and the median age was
financial year. 29-years old. Most occurred in summer or autumn and the average time
was 2:30pm. Key contributing factors were a lack of supervision and pre-
existing medical conditions. (Life Saving Victoria, 2018; Mahony et al, 2018).
Non-fatal drowning The 24 non-fatal drowning incidents at public pools in Victoria
incidents in 2019-20 is eight more than the five-year average of 16 non-fatal
drowning incidents in public pools attended by paramedics.
There were 24 Non-fatal drowning incidents in public pools represented one in four of
non-fatal drowning the total non-fatal drowning incidents attended by paramedics in Victoria
incidents at public from 2014-15 to 2018-19. The leading age group for non-fatal drowning
was children aged 5-14 years (41 per cent), followed by children aged
pools in Victoria in 0-4 years (29 per cent), and adults aged 25-44 years (10 per cent).
the last financial year.
This rise in non-fatal drownings over the last two
years continues to be an area of concern for LSV. To
reduce the frequency and likelihood of these incidents,
a stronger systems-based approach to drowning
prevention is required in public and communal pools,
with an emphasis on preventive measures.
The primary preventative measure that should be in place is supervision,
which is recommended for all public and communal pools. Supervision
delivery should be supported by appropriate public safety messages and/
or pool rules, such as mandating parental supervision for children under
ten as well as messages targeting vulnerable adult swimmers. To ensure
the effectiveness of supervision, careful planning should be undertaken in
consultation with employees responsible for supervision delivery to ensure
the drowning prevention system is achieving its intended objectives.
Critically, systematic Pool Safety Assessments and appropriate testing of
supervision systems via expert mystery shoppers will enhance the third-
party validation of the delivery of supervision to pool customers and/or
expose any gaps in the system prior to a system failure.
By developing a more robust system of drowning prevention, and
by putting the system to the test, the likelihood of a drowning event
decreases. It may be the difference between a rescue and a resuscitation,
and pool owners and operators should mitigate to the extent possible the
risk of a drowning prevention system failure within their facility.
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 15New industry SwimSafe
In December 2019, the SwimSafe public safety campaign was
initiatives launched to contribute towards making public pools safer for higher
risk swimmers.
The SwimSafe campaign was born out of coronial
1
5
recommendations and aims to educate vulnerable
YUOPU R REA adult swimmers about the risks associated with aquatic
T DT
PUHAND P
FOR HE environments.
HEL SAFETy The campaign has been implemented in over 75 public
NS
pools since inception and was nominated for a Parks and
SIG Leisure Australia Research Project of the Year award. The
program has received a boost thanks to the generous
® sponsorship by Cleaning Melbourne.
YOU
BUY
YOUR
TICKE
T
GET THE 5 TIPS TO SWIM SAFE WHEN YOU BUY YOUR TICKET
®
More information lsv.com.au/pool-safety-services/swimsafe/
WHEN
SAFE
SWIM
S TO
5 TIP
THE
GET
Virtual Y
The Virtual Y offers free access to exclusive fitness videos, nutritious
recipes, wellbeing advice, family activities and a youth hub.
The youth hub focusses on both physical and mental health and offers
methods of looking after wellbeing through mindfulness practices, at-
home learning activities that can be done with family, and engagement
with the Australian youth community.
Along with social isolation, young people are facing loss of employment,
financial insecurity and increased anxiety about the future. The Virtual
Y continues to advocate for and provide services for young people and
communities as they have never been more important.
More information virtualy.ymca.org.au/
Virtual Fitness Glen Eira Leisure (GESAC)
Launched in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Glen Eira
Leisure (GEL) ‘Anywhere’ online streaming of fitness classes is a
great example of how local government adapted to the needs of
keeping its local community active, healthy and engaged
from home.
Hosted in a unique hub dedicated to activity type, an innovative and
comprehensive program is available and caters to everyone. From
training videos, Zumba sessions, at-home bodyweight workouts and
more, community members can stay fit and connected from anywhere,
no matter their location. Classes were also featured on Glen Eira
Leisure’s Facebook page Monday-Saturday.
More information www.geleisure.com.au/group-fitness/gel-anywhere
16 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector ReportHome Fitness Network –
Belgravia Group
Powered by over 25+ live group fitness classes,
plus 100+ programs, and leveraging the collective
resources of the Belgravia Leisure, Genesis, Ninja
Parc, Coaching Zone, Jump Swim Schools and
Belgravia Kids organisations, an impressive health
and wellbeing at home offering is available from the
Belgravia Group.
Programs include Group Fitness, Strength and Conditioning, Wellness,
Yoga, Meditation, New Mum Workouts, Active Kids, Ageless Activities
(seniors’ program) and a nutrition portal.
More information www.belgraviahomefitnessnetwork.com/
Facility Champions Program
LSV launched the Facility Champions program in
February 2020, which enables aquatic facilities to
deliver LSV training resources to their customers
and staff.
Leveraging the structure and logic of the traditional
Service Member program, the Facility Champions
program is geared towards supporting aquatic facilities
and commercial partners with their training activities.
The program is a great way to effectively and efficiently deliver high-
quality, in-service staff training, consistent with the requirements of
the GSPO, as well as professional development training including
Watch Around Water and SwimSafe. The program also offers a unique
commercial opportunity to aquatic partners, with awards such as the
RLSA Bronze Medallion or Emergency Care being the perfect addition to
school group or holiday program activities.
More information lsv.com.au/training-all/lsv-service-members/
CPR@Home and First Aid@Home
Developed and released during the first lockdown, LSV’s CPR@
Home and First Aid@Home training courses continue to be
available to Victorians to complete or update from the comfort and
convenience of their own home.
The adapted courses are fully accredited and meet both workplace and
legislative requirements. The courses make use of engaging
online learning to deliver the theory training and new instructional
video demonstrations to guide individuals through their practical
assessment tasks.
More information training.lsv.com.au/
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 17Water Safety @ Home
LSV’s Water Safety @ Home series provides online,
practical sessions for kids to stay active, and learn
water safety, CPR, first aid, swimming and the
lifesaving Nippers program from their home or
classroom.
The sessions are designed for early childhood through
to upper primary-school ages, and there are also Water
Safety Watch and Learn videos and resources available
that align with the Victorian curriculum.
More information
lsv.com.au/education/watersafetyathome/
Aquatic, Fitness and Recreation (AFAR)
Professional Development Series
During the COVID-19 Stage 3 restrictions, LSV took the decision
to partner with industry organisations to deliver free professional
development webinars four times per week to industry personnel.
Over 5,500 professionals participated in these sessions in 2019-20
through live attendance or viewing the content after the session via the
LSV website.
The webinars were broken down into four service area streams: safety
and operations, swimming and water safety education, management
and leadership, and health and fitness.
*The fitness stream was coordinated by Fitness Australia, and LSV would
like to acknowledge the Fitness Australia team for their partnership and
spirit of collaboration.
All sessions are recorded and remain available.
More information lsv.com.au/pool-safety-services/afar/
Blue Connections
Blue Connections is LSV’s networking event series.
Blue Connections connects the broader aquatic industry, volunteer
members, staff, emergency services, education and sport and recreation
sectors, and interested community members together to network, share
and grow through interactive professional and personal development
workshops.
During Coronavirus restrictions, Blue Connections continued to be
offered once a month in a virtual format.
More information lsv.com.au/blueconnections/
18 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report‘Where are they now?’
Multicultural Role Model Series
LSV’s ‘Where are they now?’ role model video series
showcases interviews and inspiring stories from
participants of culturally and linguistically diverse
(CALD) background who have graduated from LSV’s
multicultural employment and settlement pathway
over the past decade.
The feature aims to highlight LSV’s decade-long pool program that
establishes pathways for multicultural community members into paid
lifeguarding and swim teacher positions. Benefits for local aquatic
centres include bridging cultural and language differences and
encouraging inclusion and social cohesion. It is hoped that these
benefits will also extend into the emergency services sector.
More information:
lsv.com.au/multicultural/role-model-settlement-video-series/
Water Quality Risk Management Plan
Following industry feedback, LSV partnered with Commercial
Aquatics Australia and AquaticOne engineers to develop and roll out
a free risk management template for aquatic facilities across the state.
The Water Quality Risk Management Plan aims to assist facility owners
and operators in complying with the recent ‘Water quality guidelines
for public aquatic facilities’ released by the Department of Health and
Human Services. The steps outlined in the plan have been implemented
in more than 100 public pools across Victoria.
More information lsv.com.au/pool-safety-services/industry-support/
Return to Play Plan
To assist in meeting changing government restrictions, LSV
developed and published a Return to Play Plan for the aquatic
industry as a practical tool to assist aquatic facility owners and
operators prepare for and continue their ‘Return to Play’ activities.
The tool focuses on available risk mitigants relevant to COVID-19
and how they can be applied at aquatic facilities. It leverages the
Sport and Recreation Victoria Return to Play Plan template and has
been customised and continually updated for easy use and localised
application throughout the different reopening phases.
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 19Updates
to ongoing
industry
initiatives
Guidelines for Safe Pool Operations –
COVID-19
The National Aquatic Industry Safety Committee and RLSA in
response to the COVID-19 crisis, prepared and published a new
section to the GSPO to address the challenges faced by COVID-19.
The guideline provides practical guidance for owners or operators of
aquatic facilities on how to manage the risks within an aquatic facility as
it applies to COVID-19.
More information: www.guidelines.royallifesaving.com.au/
20 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector ReportVictorian Water Safety Certificate
State Government funding for the Swimming in Schools initiative is
helping meet the curriculum requirements for all Victorian primary
students to achieve the Victorian Water Safety Certificate (VWSC) by
the end of Year 6, with a dramatic increase in certificate achievements.
During the 2019 school year, LSV issued nearly 27,000 Victorian
Water Safety Certificates (VWSC), a 76 per cent increase on the
previous year. Due to COVID-19 activity restrictions preventing
the delivery of swimming lessons, the target VWSC numbers
for 2020 will not be achieved. As an alternative, Water Safety
@ Home resources have been developed and made available
to enable schools and swim schools to deliver water safety
learning during restrictions. LSV is working with government and
industry to ensure the VWSC can be achieved by students who
missed out in 2020 and ensure they are not left behind.
Public Pools Register – Year two complete
LSV’s Public Pools Register allows patrons to check their local
pool’s safety classification, see its level of safety endorsement and
view when it was last assessed.
The register provides an overview of a pool’s services, features and safety
standards and includes council, learn-to-swim and educational facilities. As
part of the Victorian Government – Safer Pools project, it’s a key component of
the Safer Public Pool – Code of Practice, which was jointly developed following
coronial recommendations. The register allows facility owners and operators
to track their own performance, as well as the performance of similar facilities.
LSV would like to acknowledge and congratulate the pools that have received
and maintained safety endorsements on the register.
More information:
lsv.com.au/pool-safety-services/victorian-pool-register/
National Swimming and Water Safety
Framework review complete
The National Swimming and Water Safety Framework has the
ultimate goal to increase the swimming and water safety skills of
all Australians for lifelong safe and active participation in physical
aquatic activities and recreation.
It sets out a core structure to enable people to develop the skills, knowledge,
understanding, attitudes and behaviours they need to enjoy a range of aquatic
environments safely. The framework is intended for those who influence
the learning opportunities and experiences for swimming and water safety
education and guides those responsible for developing, providing or selecting
a swimming and water safety program.
More information www.royallifesaving.com.au/programs/national-
swimming-and-water-safety-framework
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 21Sector In 2019–20, LSV’s Pool Safety Assessments
(PSA) rated the safety of 109 facilities against a
safety range of industry, state and national standards,
guidelines and legislative provisions.
LSV gratefully Each year, LSV evaluates the sector’s overall safety performance against
acknowledge facilities recognised standards. Completing a pool safety assessment enables a
pool to:
that have committed
to the Pool Safety • Ensure access to updated information and advice based on
continually evolving safety standards and best practice.
Assessment process
• Provide a thorough assessment of the current safety standards and
and have contributed
management systems against relevant compliance standards.
their time and
• Assist with determining exposure relating to aquatic risk.
resources to ensuring
their pools meet • Provide independent, expert information and advice.
industry standards • Demonstrate the use of appropriate risk management processes.
for the wellbeing and
safety of their patrons FIGURE 2 PSA breakdown by management in 2019-20.
and staff.
12% ALIGNED LEISURE
14% BELGRAVIA LEISURE
35% COUNCIL
14% OTHER
26% YMCA VICTORIA
Of the
109 facilities
77
(71%) operated
assessed in year-round.
2019-20:
29
(27%) were LSV Platinum
Pools.
90
(83%) undertake the
PSA process annually.
*Note: Refer ‘Communal
pools’ in definitions.
7
were communal pools.*
22 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector ReportOverview of PSA results for 2019-20
86% 87% 42%
Mean Safety score Mean Compliance Council owned pools
up by 1.4% on 3-year score up by 4.1% on were not assessed in
average (2016-17 to 3-year average (2016-17 the last 3 years.
2018-19). to 2018-19).
All year pools Pools assessed Safety and operations:
outperformed seasonal annually outperformed Spa Pools, Lap and
pools by 11.8% for those assessed less Lane Pools and
compliance and 11.0% frequently than annually Inflatables were the
for safety. by 12.8% for compliance highest performing
and 11.73% for safety sections.
Slides and flumes,
emergency planning
and qualifications, and
training were the lowest
performing sections.
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 23Key section FIGURE 3 Comparison of key assessment sections (%) –
2019-20 vs three-year average.
safety scores
This section
compares the safety
scores for 11 of
the 20 sections in
2019-20 with the
83.2%
87.7%
78.1%
83.8%
80.7%
84.1%
80.9%
85.8%
89.2%
93.1%
81.8%
87.5%
previous three-year
average scores
section 1
WORK HEALTH
& SAFETY
section 2*
EMERGENCY
PLANNING
section 3
QUALIFICATIONS
& TRAINING
section 5
SUPERVISION
section 6
FIRST AID
section 7
PLANT &
CHEMICAL
(2016-17 to 2018-19)
(Figure 4).
90.9%
94.3%
90.9%
91.2%
94.6%
83.9%
94.1%
79.9%
83.5%
94%
section 10
LAP & LANE
POOLS
section 11
LEISURE
POOLS
section 12
SPA
POOLS
section 17
INFLATABLES
section 18
SLIDES &
FLUMES
3 year average 2016/17 - 2018/19 2019/20
*Note: Emergency planning was introduced on 1 January 2018, so is not a three-year average.
Safety scores across all 11 sections were higher in 2019-20 with the
previous three-year average. Key observations:
• Highest performing sections in 2019-20: spa pools (94.6 per cent),
lap and lane pools (94.3 per cent) and inflatables (94.5 per cent).
• Lowest performing sections in 2019-20: slides and flumes (83.5 per
cent), emergency planning (83.8 per cent) and qualifications and
training (84.5 per cent). Note that these scores still demonstrate an
improvement on the three-year average.
• The sections that saw the biggest improvement were: inflatables (12.1
per cent higher compared with the previous three-year average) and
emergency planning (6.9 per cent higher).
24 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector ReportAll year FIGURE 4 Mean overall compliance and mean safety score for all
year and seasonal facilities (%).
vs seasonal
facilities
Facilities open
year-round scored
11.8 per cent higher
in compliance and
11 per cent higher in 90.7%
80.1%
All year (n=70)
88.5%
78.8%
safety than facilities
Seasonal (n=32)
open seasonally
Overall compliance score Overall safety score
(Figures 4, 5 and Table 1).
FIGURE 5 Overall mean section scores for all year and seasonal
aquatic facilities (%).
92.4%
77.3%
87.4%
75.9%
84.8%
82.9%
88.4%
80.1%
94.8%
89.7%
91.9%
77.7%
98.1%
90.2%
94.3%
84.9%
84.8%
76.6%
section 1
WORK HEALTH & SAFETY
section 2
EMERGENCY PLANNING
section 3
QUALIFICATIONS & TRAINING
section 5
SUPERVISION
section 6
FIRST AID
section 7
PLANT & CHEMICAL
section 10
LAP & LANE POOLS
section 11
LEISURE POOLS
section 18
SLIDES & FLUMES
All year (n=70) Seasonal (n=32)
TABLE 1 Mean compliance and safety scores, all year vs seasonal pools
All Year Seasonal Percentage difference
(n = 32) (n = 32) (All Year vs Seasonal)
Mean Compliance score 90.7% 80.1% +11.8%
Mean Safety score 88.5% 78.8% +11.0%
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 25Platinum vs FIGURE 6 Mean overall compliance and mean safety score for
Platinum and non-Platinum facilities (%).
non-Platinum
facilities
Platinum Pools*
scored 15.7 per cent
higher than non-
Platinum Pools for
compliance, and
15.8 per cent higher Platinum (n=29)
98.5%
96.3%
81.1%
on safety compared
83%
Non-Platinum
to non-Platinum (n=73)
pools. Overall compliance score Overall safety score
*Note: The Platinum Pool program
is a program that aquatic facilities FIGURE 7 Overall mean section scores for Platinum and non-
voluntarily undertake comprising a
Platinum facilities.
series of assessments performed
annually by LSV. Exemplary levels
of safety must be achieved and
maintained before accreditation is
issued.
%
99.5%
98.4%
96.9%
97.5%
81.1%
99.3%
98.8%
99.9%
87.8%
91.3%
99.1%
85.8%
95.7%
69.9%
83%
78%
79%
83%
92%
99%
98%
90.6
section 1
section 2
section 3
section 5
section 6
section 7
section 10
section 11
section 12
section 17
section 18
Platinum (n=29) Non-Platinum (n=73)
TABLE 2 Mean compliance and safety scores, Platinum and non-Platinum facilities, and range.
Platinum Non-Platinum Difference
(n = 29) (n = 73) (Platinum vs Non-Platinum)
Compliance score
Mean 98.5% 83.0% +15.7%
Range (Min-Max) 83.0% – 100.0% 13.4% – 100.0%
Safety score
Mean 96.3% 81.1% +15.8%
Range (Min-Max) 85.3% – 98.9% 20.3% – 98.5%
26 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector ReportPerformance Facilities assessed annually outperformed those assessed less
frequently by 12.8 per cent for overall compliance score and 11.7 per
by assessment cent for overall safety score (Figure 9).
frequency Facilities assessed annually outperformed others across all sections,
except qualifications and training. The largest difference in section
scores between facilities assessed annually and those assessed less
frequently was for the following key areas: Plant and chemical (18.7 per
Pool safety activities
cent), work health and safety (14 per cent) and Leisure Pools (13.5 per
• 30 Platinum Pools – cent) (Figure 10).
16 accredited.
• 196 Watch Around Water
accredited aquatic facilities.
FIGURE 8 Mean overall compliance and mean safety score for
• 76 SwimSafe accredited facilities by assessment frequency (%).
aquatic facilities.
• 72 Pool Lifeguard Challenge
competitors from 18 teams.
• 230 Pool Safety Summit
attendees.
• 290 face-to-face Pool
Safety Technical Workshop
participants. Annually (n=90)
89.5%
78.1%
87.4%
77.1%
• 5,501 AFAR PD series
Less than
webinar attendees across annually (n=19)
45 sessions.
Overall compliance score Overall safety score
• 90 mystery guest visits
delivered (additional 40
cancelled due to COVID-19). FIGURE 9 Overall mean section scores by frequency of
• 109 Pool Safety assessment (%).
Assessments delivered
(additional 30 cancelled due
to COVID-19).
• 15 Facility Design
Assessments conducted.
77.4%
85.6%
75.7%
82.8%
89.8%
87.6%
77.9%
94.2%
88.1%
90.6%
73.7%
95.8%
86.8%
93.6%
81.1%
85.5%
90%
83%
section 1
section 2
section 3
section 5
section 6
section 7
section 10
section 11
section 18
Annually (n=90) Less than annually (n=19)
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 27Research
and industry
strategies
Evaluation of Bush Nippers pilot programs
LSV conducted a review into the feasibility and effectiveness of the
Bush Nippers pilot programs conducted in Echuca, Shepparton
and Ballarat.
To measure the program’s impact, children participating in the U9
and U12 age groups were assessed on their water safety knowledge
and skills participation, before and after participating. Feedback was
collected from staff involved in the program, and parents’ engagement
and satisfaction were also measured.
Key findings included a significant increase in the children’s water safety
knowledge and lifesaving skills, with participants rating the program 4.5
out of 5, and 100 per cent of parents recommending the program to
other families.
Lifeguard supervision eye-tracking study
With the goal of maximising safety and reducing incidences of
fatal and non-fatal drownings at public pools, LSV and Swinburne
University conducted a study focused on the use of eye-tracking
technology to determine the most appropriate supervision ratio of
pool lifeguards to patrons.
Observations suggest that where the number of patrons exceeded 75,
drowning victims were not identified 50 per cent of the time. A higher
number of patrons in the pool was also found to influence the length of
time a pool lifeguard took to identify a potential drowning victim.
The findings of this research will be referred to the National Aquatic
Industry Committee and RLSA for consideration for adoption into the
GSPO Aquatic Supervision section and will be considered in LSV pool
lifeguard training resources.
28 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector ReportNational Aquatic Industry Workforce profile
RLSA has released the National Aquatic Industry Workforce profile
based on data collected and collated from the National Aquatic
Industry Workforce survey.
It captures a current snapshot of the aquatic industry across Australia
and presents demographic information on the key roles and make-up of
the workforce that supports the industry.
Key survey findings:
• It is an overwhelmingly female workforce.
• Almost half the workforce work casually.
• Most workers work throughout the year but in a part-time capacity.
• Many workers have a second job at least some of the time.
• Almost half the workforce live within 15 minutes of their workplace.
• Two in every five workers think they will stay in their role for six or
more years.
• Most workers place a high value on working in a team and knowing
their work has a positive impact on people’s lives.
• There are differing key trends across the range of aquatic industry
roles.
More information: www.royallifesaving.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_
file/0006/26916/National-Aquatic-Industry-Workforce-Profile-2019.pdf
COVID-19 swim school impacts
In August 2020, ARV conducted a swim school survey with the
support of the Australian Swim School Association (ASSA),
Australian Swimming Coaches and Teachers Association (ASCTA)
and AUSTSWIM.
The survey aimed to identify the impacts of COVID-19 closures on swim
schools across the state.
Key findings from the survey identified:
• 50 per cent of responders were not eligible for Victorian Government
Business Support Grants.
• 82 per cent demonstrated concerns regarding staff retention.
• 1 per cent were unlikely to reopen.
• Every week of closure saw:
– $2.5 million loss in swim school revenue
– 145,000 students miss out on learn-to-swim programs
(excluding school swimming).
– There are concerns regarding the financial sustainability of
organisations.
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 29Case studies Kelly Smart – Lakes Entrance Aquadome
East Gippsland Shire Council
from industry While an aquatics facility manager, lifeguard or swim teacher might
not first come to mind as roles with skills to help out in a bushfire
emergency, that is certainly something staff at a Lakes Entrance
aquatic facility can attest to after volunteering during the East
Gippsland bushfires.
In particular, Lakes Entrance Aquadome Centre Manager - Kelly Smart
was called upon to take a leading role in the setup and coordination of
the town’s second relief centre, while facility staff played a crucial role in
providing first aid and support to community members sheltered in the
relief centre.
The emergency response skills she and others had learnt as part of
aquatic industry training were a great foundation for effective emergency
planning and preparedness at a time of need. Kelly’s role in helping
bushfire relief and recovery efforts ended up lasting two weeks, even when
the relief centre had turned into an information centre.
LSV and ARV commend staff of the East Gippsland Shire, in particular,
the aquatic facility staff for their support to the community during that
extremely difficult time.
Note: the swim school wished Case studies from swim schools
to remain anonymous
CASE STUDY ONE
Facility one had overheads of approximately $4,000 per month and
generated no income in the final quarter of 2019-20, as the facility
income was solely derived from swimming lesson activities.
Whilst the $10,000 Government grant was gratefully received, it was used
to pay a $15,000 gas bill. Efforts were made by the facility to reduce
expenditure, but the pool was losing approximately one per cent of water
per week, so required continual top up. Also, the heating system was
required to remain on (although turned on low), otherwise the resulting
condensation damages the building fabric. Although the facility intended
to reopen at the time of writing, it flagged further short-term costs
associated with staff employment and re-training, who were not able to be
kept on under the Government JobKeeper scheme.
In 2020, the facility was expecting a financial loss of close to $170,000.
Without the grants and federal payroll assistance, this would have been
close to $300,000, highlighting the importance of the support provided by
“At best, we predict Government. Due to the expectation of reduced consumer confidence and
it will take eight to ongoing restrictions, the facility had forecast a financial loss of $150,000
for 2021, and determined that make-up lessons were unlikely to be
ten years just to possible, meaning they intended to credit lessons forward for each term
recoup this loss.” which was expected to continue to impact cashflow.
30 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector ReportNote: the swim school wished to Case studies from swim schools
remain anonymous
CASE STUDY TWO
(incorporating two locations)
“The landlord LOCATION 1
refused to provide The facility was able to renegotiate rent down to $1,500 per month, and
have other overheads associated with electricity, insurance and outgoing
rent relief.” bills which totalled almost $3,000 per month. Income during the closure
was $0. The facility had 110 students enrolled and did approximately
180 lessons per week. It had one full-time and two casual staff members.
LOCATION 2
The landlord refused to provide rent relief, which remained at $2,800 per
month throughout the period of closure. Other bills including electricity,
insurance and outgoing bills totalled almost $2,500 per month. Income
during the closure was $0. The facility had 70 students enrolled and did
around 110 lessons per week. It had one full-time swim teacher.
Between the two locations, only one casual sales and administration
staff member was eligible for the Government JobKeeper program,
although the swim school was successful in receiving the first and
second round of the Victorian government grants and applied for the
third round. Note: The funds are shared between the two locations.
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 31Personal Trainer Award Outstanding Contribution
2019/20 Chris Pattison Award
industry Aquanation,
Maroondah Leisure
Mike King
Otium Planning
awards Group
Teacher of Babies, Infants
and Pre School Award ARV Life Member award
Hannah O’Shea Carol Crofts
ARV INDUSTRY AWARDS Eltham Leisure Centre, Aquanation,
Aligned Leisure Maroondah Leisure
Customer Service Award
Thuy Hill
Brimbank Leisure Teacher of People Innovative Program Award
Centres, with a Disability Junior Racers
Brimbank City Council Al Gevers Camberwell Grammar
Yarra Leisure, School
Duty Manager Award Yarra City Council
Jackson Tellus Health Club Award
Aquarena Aquatic Aquarena Aquatic
Anneliese McDonald
and Leisure Centre, & Leisure Belgravia
Eltham Leisure Centre,
Belgravia Leisure Leisure
Aligned Leisure
Pool Lifeguard Award
Watch Around Water Award
David Morris Course Instructor Award
Aquarena Aquatic Aquapulse
Aleksei Bondarenko-
and Leisure Centre, Western Leisure
Edwards
Belgravia Leisure Services
Yarra Centre,
Belgravia Leisure
Membership Sales Award
Swim School Award
Sarah Chadwick Sustainability Award
Aquapulse, Western & Facility Management
Sunshine Leisure
Leisure Services Centre Award – All Year Large
Brimbank City Council Eltham Leisure
Centre
Most Valuable Aligned Leisure
Employee Award Emerging Leader
Shelby Rae Sam Kane
Aquapulse, Western Golden Square Facility Management
Leisure Services Pool Award – All Year Medium
Brimbank Leisure
Centres
Group Exercise Instructor Marketing and
Award Communications Award
Louise Craig Queens Park
Peninsula Aquatic and Belgravia Leisure Facility Management
Recreation Centre Award – All Year Small
Deakin Active
Swim Teacher of the Year Clublinks
Community Impact Award
Frog Peck Brighter Futures Facility Management
Kyneton Toyota Sports Outer East
and Aquatic Centre, Kilsyth Centenary Pool, Award – Seasonal
Belgravia Leisure Belgrave Outdoor
Macedon Ranges
Shire Council Pool
Belgravia Leisure
32 2019/20 Victorian
Victorian Public
PublicPools:
Pools:State
Stateofofthe
theSector
SectorReport
ReportLSV INDUSTRY
AWARDS
News and
LSV Public Training
events
Licensee of the Year
Western Victoria
First Aid Training Real life rescue during training course
Services
A Pool Lifeguard update course at Ascot Vale Leisure Centre
LSV Public Training took an unexpected turn, leaving course trainer Stewart Nicoll
Trainer of the Year and candidates Brad Norton and Robin Sadler with a real life
David Nankervis rescue on their hands.
When fellow participant
Trevor Mildenhall collapsed
poolside and stopped
LSV Education Instructor breathing just after the
of the Year 200m timed swim, Stewart,
Brad and Robin initiated
Tui Griffin
resuscitation efforts, and a
defibrillator and oxygen equipment was supplied by centre staff.
The group worked on Trevor until the emergency services arrived,
and following further resuscitation and advanced life support
LSV Public Training medication, Trevor thankfully began to breathe again unaided.
Service Member of
the Year The paramedics commended both the centre staff and course
candidates on their resuscitation efforts, and suggested Trevor had
Marcus Maher
a ‘long life prognosis’.
This incident highlights the importance of early access, early CPR
and early defibrillation, as well as fast access to advanced life
support medication, for saving lives.
LSV Swim and Survive
Licensee of the Year
Eltham Leisure Pool Lifeguard Challenge
Centre
Aligned Leisure Kingston Active were crowned the 2019 LSV Pool Lifeguard
Challenge champions, in recognition of an impressive display
of lifeguarding skills and teamwork.
Held at Melbourne Sports
and Aquatic Centre,
18 teams representing
ARV and LSV 36 aquatic facilities
would like to competed in a variety
of simulated scenarios.
acknowledge and Scenarios ranged from
congratulate all aquatic spinal injury management, to major first aids. Finally, a
series of race events challenged teams’ physical lifeguarding
2019-20 industry rescue abilities.
award winners. The LSV Pool Lifeguard
Challenge is supported by
Laerdal Medical.
2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector Report 33New facility
developments
Kew Recreation Centre
Kew Recreation Centre is about to undergo an
exciting redevelopment to provide the community
with a modern, state-of-the-art facility catering to
all ages and abilities. The centre is now closed
St Albans Leisure Centre and will remain closed until the redevelopment
works are completed in late 2022
Construction has commenced on the $55.1
million rebuild of St Albans Leisure Centre and The new venue will include:
state-of-the-art health and wellbeing hub. • Increased parking on-site, making the centre
The venue will have: more accessible.
• A dedicated learn to swim pool for
• Two water slides. swimming lessons.
• A 50-metre, ten-lane competition pool with • A secluded, warm water pool for gentle
access ramp. exercise and rehabilitation.
• Leisure water and learn-to-swim program • An aqua play area for young people to play
pool. and explore.
• Warm Water program pool with adjoining • A crèche to support families’ health and
spas. wellbeing needs.
• Water play unit and splash pad. • Bigger change rooms that cater for
• Sauna and steam room. individuals, groups and families.
• A large gym with 24-hour access. • Two indoor sports courts providing
• Group fitness studios. much-needed space for a range of local
• Meeting and function rooms. participants.
• A wellness centre. • Allied health suites to support your health
• Community program room. and wellness goals.
• Other features will include a café, multiple • Divided health and fitness areas for both
wet and dry change rooms (including a ‘noisy’ and ‘quiet’ group exercise classes.
family change room), and crèche. • Landscaped forecourt and café to meet,
gather and socialise.
More information: www.brimbank.vic.gov.au/
council/about-brimbank-council-and-community/ More information: www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/
developments/st-albans-leisure-centre- about-council/projects-and-major-works/new-kew-
redevelopment recreation-centre
34 2019/20 Victorian Public Pools: State of the Sector ReportYou can also read
