2 Industry 5 Location-INSIDE Progressing in Fight Against
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June 2019 A supplement to Farm Journal’s Pork magazine
Brought to you exclusively by
Elanco Animal Health
INSIDE
2 Industry
Progressing
in Fight Against
PRRS
5 Location-
specific
PRRS Management
Proves Effective
W
hile porcine reproductive and
Progress doesn’t
mean eradication
was also a member of the University of Advances in PRRS
Minnesota swine team. It provides weekly
respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
remains costly to the U.S.
Even though produc- reports on the health status of more than Management
swine industry, advances in management
ers can sometimes
prevent the virus
50 percent of the U.S. sow herds. Paying Off
protocols, research findings and new Based on information generated by
from entering into MSHMP, Corzo says in the past five years
tools are making progress at reigning in The impact of porcine reproductive
operations, it doesn’t about one third of the herds have had at
its effects. The cooperation of producers, and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
mean eradication is least one PRRS introduction. In fiscal year
Industry
veterinarians, researchers and other on the U.S. swine herd cannot be
near, but it’s certainly 2014 to 2015, 30 percent of herds had a
disease management experts is not Cesar Corzo, DVM,
Leman Chair in Swine a step in the right PRRS break and in 2015 to 2016 and 2016 understated. The virus cost the
going unnoticed.
Cesar Corzo, DVM, Leman Chair in
Health and Productivity, direction. Corzo says to 2017 the virus broke in 28 percent of industry $664 million per year from
University of Minnesota that producers with the herds. The second-highest incidence
Swine Health and Productivity at the 2005 to 2010, according to a 2010
Progressing
farms located in high-risk regions have of PRRS recorded since the project began study funded by the National Pork
University of Minnesota, says that as a
learned to live with the virus and continue was in 2018 at 34 percent of the herds. Board and conducted by Iowa
whole, the industry is very progressive.
to take steps to mitigate its impact while
He contends this progressiveness allows State University.
producers and veterinarians to diligently
still preventing new introductions. This “The most Producers, veterinarians and
includes following all the biosecurity
in Fight
work together to attack the disease in as
many ways as possible.
protocols possible and incorporating other important thing academia continue to make progress
tools, such as vaccines. against the virus. Improved manage-
“Prevention is one way we try to stop
PRRS from occurring. Producers and
“These farms need to keep a good level is to make sure ment practices, continuously evolving
veterinarians continue to work with
of immunity so that when a PRRS intro-
we are compliant biosecurity practices and innovations
Against
duction occurs, they can mitigate it effi- in vaccines and treatment are showing
academia to find ways to keep the virus
out of operations,” Corzo says. “Take
ciently,” Corzo says. “Data shows that from in that 100 percent results. An update to the Iowa State
a production standpoint, herds recover
transport biosecurity for example. The
TADD (thermo-assisted drying and
faster if there is some immunity than if of our employees University study documents that
losses due to PRRS fell $83.3 million
there is none. This is one way vaccines
do what they’re
PRRS
decontamination) system was developed
have tremendously helped manage breaks. annually from 2010 to 2016 to
as a means to use desiccation as a
disinfection agent, now we wash the
“Our industry is getting better at using
prevention tools, but PRRS still hits year-
supposed to do.” approximately $581 million per year.
In hopes of maintaining this
trucks and also bake the trucks to ensure
ly,” he cautions. “From a production cost progress, the National Pork Board
there won’t be any virus on them.
standpoint, we’re losing less, according to “Interestingly, year-to-date in this fiscal has established a goal to reduce the
“Another example includes all the
data from Iowa State University.” year that ends in June, we’re observing
protocols we’ve developed for supplies to yearly financial hit from PRRS by an
Corzo now leads the Dr. Bob Morrison’s PRRS incidences at around 17 percent,
be brought on to farms,” he adds. “The additional 20 percent by 2020.
Swine Health Monitoring Project much lower than in previous years at this
decontamination processes have helped Derald Holtkamp, DVM and
(MSHMP). The project was created by the time,” Corzo says. “I can’t say we’re on
to keep the virus out and, of course, air
late veterinarian, Dr. Bob Morrison, who track for a good year, though we are trying associate professor with Iowa State
filtration falls into this prevention category.”
Corzo notes the industry is getting University, directs the study. He noted
better at using diagnostic tests to detect that although more breeding herds
Annual Productivity Losses Due to PRRSv (millions)
whether incoming gilts at an isolation are PRRS-positive now, improved
unit have been exposed to, or are shed- biosecurity and herd health manage-
ding, the virus and thus keep those ment contribute to these gains.
animals from coming onto the farm. The PRRS remains the most-costly
same goes for boar studs where intense
disease yet to affect the U.S. pork
monitoring protocols ensure semen
produced is PRRSv-free. When imple-
industry. Fortunately, the industry
mented correctly, these tests help stop continues to embrace new tools
two sources of virus entry. and strengthen existing practices.
Cesar Corzo, DVM, Leman Chair in
Swine Health and Productivity at the
Corzo says the current Lineage 1 PRRS virus and those University of Minnesota, and Trevor
within it, including 1-8-4 and 1-7-4, seems to have better Schwartz, DVM with Suidae Health
& Production with offices in Iowa,
viral fitness and can persist for a long time within swine Minnesota and Nebraska, share their
perspectives about advances in PRRS
populations. Work continues to understand why this lineage management and ways to prevent
produces such prevalent viruses that can survive so long. continued on page 7
the virus.
2 3
I N T RO D U C I N G P R E VAC E N T™ P R R S
A Contemporary Solution for PRRS Today
Prevacent PRRS is a modified-live virus vaccine for the respiratory form of
PRRS that is safe for use in piglets 2 weeks of age or older. With up to 26
weeks of demonstrated duration of immunity in pigs, Prevacent PRRS is
the only Lineage 1 vaccine available on the market today.
Contemporary
PREVACENT PRRS VACCINE STRAIN
The Prevacent PRRS strain was isolated from a PRRSv-infected pig in South Dakota (RFLP 184). Phylogenetic analysis of the virus
Location-specific
confirmed that the strain belongs to lineage 1 of North America genotype (type 2) of PRRSv (Chart 1).
C H A RT 1. P R R S O R F - 5 D E N D R O G R A M
Ingelvac PRRS® ATP
PRRS Management
97-7895
L I N E AG E 8
NADC20
Fostera® PRRS
Proves Effective
Prime Pac® PRRS RR
L I N E AG E 7
Neb-1
VR2385
L I N E AG E 5.2
A
s one of 10 veterinarians for costs and healthier pigs.” increases as does pig mortality, NADC8
Suidae Health & Production, Schwartz readily admits that PRRS stillborns and abortions.
Trevor Schwartz and his team has formed the way we now think about “The loss isn’t just from mortality,” ISU1894
have a vast amount of experience with biosecurity, disease transmission and how Schwartz adds. “In the grow-finish phase, L I N E AG E 5.1
Ingelvac PRRS® MLV
porcine reproductive and respiratory to protect herds. the immunocompromised pigs grow
syndrome virus (PRRSv) throughout the “Once PRRS set in, we had to look at slowly and they’re more susceptible to NC174
Midwest. What they’ve observed over the science of the way disease spreads — most any other disease, which makes
MN184
time is a combination of proven protocols through the air, via people or pigs and even management more difficult. It’s costly, too.
customized for each operation is most tools we take on the farm,” Schwartz says. I’ve seen estimates of $5 to $10 and up per L I N E AG E 1
effective at managing the disease. “Some of the research showed that the virus head for losses on PRRS-infected pigs.
Suidae veterinarians work from clinics can travel more than five miles by air. So, Even on smaller farms, a break can cost
in Iowa, Minnesota and Nebraska and the industry had to develop new ways to try a half million to $1 million.” KS11
US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information.
perform consulting tasks, as well as and keep these animals healthy.”
management services. The prevalence of Match PRRS management to
Effective
PRRS still hits hard. Sow mortality
PRRS varies greatly depending on location realistic goals
and if it is a filtered or non-filtered farm. “Once PRRS set in, Schwartz says prevention of PRRS is ideal, Two challenge studies1,2 were performed to evaluate the efficacy of Prevacent PRRS against two PRRSv field strains (Table 1).
“PRRS is prevalent in Iowa simply as is eliminating it from herds. However,
because of the high density of the hog we had to look at the both are not realistic for every location TA B L E 1. P R R S V F I E L D ST R A I N S
population here,” Schwartz says. “We have and every farm’s production goals. PIGS VACCINATED WITH
a lot of grow-finish operations here and in science of the way “It all depends on what the goals of the CHALLENGE BAL * -FLUIDS, COPIES/mL PREVACENT PRRS HAD A
93.2%
ST R A I N CO N T RO L VACC I N AT E D
general, there aren’t filters on these farms.
“Sow and baby pig operations are
disease spreads — herd are and where it is located,” Schwartz
adds. “For example, if you have a herd in
NADC20 8.1 x 108a 1.8 x 106b
generally in locations where the swine through the air, via Iowa that’s on a non-filtered farm, it is REDUCTION IN LUNG
population is not very dense and we try to likely that we’ll try to mitigate the risk LESIONS1,2
NC174 6.3 x 107a 3.0 x 106b
filter out 99 percent of the viruses. If we people or pigs by using vaccines. As importantly, we
can prevent disease coming into the sow then must implement every biosecurity *Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
herd, much of the time we’ll have better and even tools we procedure available to keep the virus out
health on the grow-finish side with lower
take on the farm.” of the herds as much as possible.” Prevacent PRRS has up to 26 weeks demonstrated duration of immunity3,4
continued on page 7
4 5
Safe
Location-specific PPRS Management ... continued from page 5
SHEDDING AND TRANSMISSION STUDY5
In addition to location, the veterinarians
consider how hot the virus is, what strain
Vaccines, as well as biosecurity
During a 21-day study, 20 pigs (10 controls/10 vaccinated) were commingled to evaluate the shedding and transmission
characteristics of Prevacent PRRS.
it is, mortality and if the farm is filtered.
“If it’s a filtered farm, we generally want
protocols continue to improve.
• 9 of 10 vaccinated pigs exhibited shedding as determined by positive nasal swab to take that herd back to negative status research and while we keep getting closer, This is closer to many of the wild type
• Only 1 of 10 control pigs exhibited any positive samples, and this was only a single nasal swab of all 80 samples and close it,” he says. “However, if it’s a we’ve not found a silver bullet,” Schwartz sequences we see in the field.”
collected during the 21-day study farm that has had regular PRRS breaks, says. “This virus mutates pretty readily The Suidae team reviews efficacy and
FIELD SAFETY STUDY6 we’ll more likely take it to a positive stable and it is tough to stay ahead of it. safety trials and conducts its own field
• A three-site study with approximately 300 pigs per site was performed to determine the field safety of Prevacent PRRS status. There are other factors we consider, The research into vaccines is proving trials before including a new vaccine in
• Results showed no injection site reactions, no vaccine-related adverse reactions, and similar levels of adverse events but our goal is to help producers deliver worthwhile and there is even research its regimen.
as controls for each site the best pigs they can.” into animals that might one day “Our field research trials are important,”
become resistant to PRRS. Fortunately, Schwartz says. “We use them to test
Improvement ongoing practitioners, producers and academia anything new to determine how it
In a separate 80 pig study, Prevacent PRRS demonstrated it did not revert to virulence3,4 Vaccines, as well as biosecurity protocols in this industry have strong working performs under our conditions. We also
continue to improve. Schwartz says relationships, so progress will continue.” measure the immune response of the pigs.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome keeping up with changes is important.
For example, he notes that vaccines Select tools carefully
“Prevacent seems to be a smooth
vaccine that creates a rapid immune
A COSTLY DISEASE have improved over the years, as have Vaccines that Suidae veterinarians use response,” he adds. “It is a safe, quick
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a costly vaccination schedules. Even determining receive the same scrutiny as any other vaccine and doesn’t seem to shed in
disease that affects many stages of swine production. From
According to a presentation at the the right time to vaccinate pigs can be a management tool. the pigs.”
reproductive failure in pregnant sows to respiratory disease in Allen D. Leman Swine Conference in challenge. Some of the time it is appro- “When something new looks Schwartz cautions that for any vaccine
piglets, PRRS strikes swine operations right where it hurts most. priate to vaccinate pigs at weaning or even promising, we seriously look into it and to deliver full efficacy, a top-notch bio-
September, 2018, the majority of before weaning to try and prevent them determine how it performs in the pigs,” security program and employee compliance
GLOBAL PRRS STRAINS
PRRS strains circulating in the U.S. from being susceptible to disease once Schwartz says. “What led me into trying with best management practices must
PRRS strains are classified into one of nine lineages based on
they’re off the sow farm. Prevacent™ was that it is a Lineage 1 complement vaccination protocols.
their ORF-5 sequences. Over the years, these strains change and are Lineage 1.9 “Millions of dollars go into PRRS vaccine and it has a 1-8-4 sequence.
adapt. However, since the mid-2000s, Lineage 1 PRRS strains have
emerged as the most prevalent.8
MODIFIED LIVE PRRS VACCINES
Fight against PPRS ... continued from page 3
I N G E LVAC FOSTERA® P R I M E PAC ® and can persist for a long time within
P R R S ® M LV PRRS PRRS + “Most people understand vaccines will swine populations. Work continues to
1 day of age or older; revaccinate
not provide 100 percent protection, but understand why this lineage produces such
prevalent viruses that can survive so long.
M I N I M U M AG E 2 weeks 3 weeks after maternal-derived antibodies
to PRRS have declined
3-4 weeks
they provide good immunity and mitigate Believe in the basics
D U R AT I O N O F
26 weeks for
respiratory disease 16 weeks
26 weeks for respiratory
16 weeks
the impact of PRRS.” PRRS will continue to evolve, but
IMMUNITY disease in piglets compliance to best practices will help
in piglets to understand what is happening. It may the holistic approach of veterinarians and keep it in check, Corzo says.
DOSE SIZE 1 mL 2 mL 2 mL 1 mL be better biosecurity compliance, a better producers is greatly improving biosecurity “Remember the basics and practice
understanding of PRRS dynamics in the compliance. The industry continues to them,” he advises. “The most important
O R F 5 L I N E AG E Lineage 1 Lineage 5.1 Lineage 8 Lineage 7 breeding herd so that we’re not sending prove its willingness to implement sound thing is to make sure we are compliant in
out as many positive pigs as before or a protocols, especially those that are practical that 100 percent of our employees do
combination of practices that are working and economical. what they’re supposed to do. This means
together.” “This includes the value of vaccines,” he tasks on the farm, washing the trucks,
adds. “Most people understand vaccines completing the audits, vaccinating
The label contains complete use information, including cautions and warnings. Vaccines are effective tools will not provide 100 percent protection, properly and everything else. Let’s fix
Always read, understand and follow the label and use directions. Corzo explains that because an intro- but they provide good immunity and non-compliance events because if we
1. Elanco Animal Health. Data on file. duction of PRRS is so costly from a mitigate the impact of PRRS. Our vaccine miss one thing, we damage the entire
2. Elanco Animal Health. Data on file. reproductive performance, mortality use is evolving, too. Early on, we saw biosecurity process.
3. Elanco Animal Health. Data on file.
4. Elanco Animal Health. Data on file. and financial perspective, producers and vaccine going into sows, then gilts and “If we continue to improve our
5. Elanco Animal Health. Data on file. veterinarians excel at efforts to keep the now we vaccinate an increasing number implementation of these practices, we
6. Elanco Animal Health. Data on file.
7. Elanco Animal Health. Data on file. virus out of herds. of growing pigs.” can manage PRRS to achieve optimum
8. Brar MS. (2015). Evolutionary diversification of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J. Gen. Virology. 96:1570-1580. “There will always be occasional com- Corzo says the current Lineage 1 PRRS herd health in all regions.”
9. Paploski I. Making epidemiological sense out of large datasets of PRRS sequences. Proc. Allen D. Leman Conference. September 17, 2018.
pliance issues, just as there are in human virus and those within it, including 1-8-4
Prevacent, Elanco and the diagonal bar logo are trademarks of Elanco or its affiliates. medicine,” Corzo points out. “However, and 1-7-4, seems to have better viral fitness
Other company and product names are trademarks of their respective owners.
© 2019 Elanco.
6 PM-US-19-0827 | 336537366 1626 C18P 7
PRRSPECTIVE
THAT MOMENT YOU REALIZE THERE’S A NEW WAY TO
LOOK AT PRRS. WITH CONFIDENCE, FOR STARTERS.
Over the years, PRRS strains evolve. Isn’t it time your PRRS vaccine did too? Introducing
Prevacent™ PRRS, the first and only on-market USDA-licensed vaccine containing a
contemporary Lineage 1 field strain that is more relevant to today’s PRRS threat. All with a
26-week duration of immunity in a convenient 1mL dose. Talk to your veterinarian today
about updating your PRRS vaccine protocol.
Is your current PRRS vaccine protocol relevant to the PRRS strain on your
operation? Visit prevacentprrs.us to learn what lineage your PRRS strain
is and see how Prevacent PRRS can make a difference on your operation.
prevacentprrs.us
PM-US-19-0827 | 336537366
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