2017 Sustainability Report - Heubach
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Sustainability Report
2017
Table of Contents
01 About This Report 2 08 Environmental Protection 28
Reporting Period, Scope and Limits 2 Energy and Climate 28
Report Content and Practical Information Emissions 32
Water 34
02 Key Performance Indicators 4 Materials 37
Waste 38
03 Foreword by Management 6 Logistics and Transportation 39
Damage Events 40
04 About Heubach 8
Organization 8 09 Employee Responsibility 42
Milestones 12 Employment 42
Stakeholders 14 Remuneration Policy and Employee Benefits 44
Materiality Matrix 16 Job Satisfaction and Employee Retention 45
Personnel Development 48
05 Sustainability Management 18 Demographic Change 50
Organization of Sustainability Management 18 Diversity and Equal Opportunities 51
Sustainability-Oriented Corporate Policy 18 Safety and Health 54
Management Systems 19
Memberships in Initiatives and Associations 20 10 Supply Chain Management 58
Compliance 20 Procurement 58
Vendor Selection and Evaluation 58
06 Sustainability Program 22
11 Social Commitment 60
07 Products 24
Sustainable Pigment Solutions 25 12 Reference Table for the German 62
Product Responsibility 26 Sustainability Code
Research and Development 27
13 Glossary and Abbreviations 66
Legal Notice 69
Contents 1
01
About This Report
2017
> Reporting Period, Scope and Limits > Report Content and Practical Information
22 309
This is the first sustainability report of the 61 This sustainability report is published in Ger-
Heubach GmbH Group. Key figures and man and English. For better readability, per-
developments in this report generally refer to sons will be referred to in the male form. But
the 2017 reporting year. Where possible and Employees this encompasses all people, regardless of
appropriate, we also present time series for Heubach GmbH Group* gender.
the financial years 2015, 2016 and 2017. The
editorial deadline for the sustainability report
was July 28, 2018.
392 In preparing this report, we observed the
following guidelines: the Chemie3 Reporting
Guide for SMEs, the Sustainability Report Ran-
Unless otherwise indicated, the information king criteria of future e. V. and the IÖW (Insti-
and figures contained in this report refer to tut für ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung, In-
the Heubach GmbH Group. This includes stitute for Ecological Economy Research), the
Heubach GmbH, located in Germany DNK (Deutscher Nachhaltigkeitskodex, Ger-
2016
(Langelsheim and Cologne), and the sub- man Sustainability Code, as of 2015) of the
sidiary Heubach Pigment Manufacturing RNE (Rat für Nachhaltige Entwicklung, Coun-
GmbH & Co. KG, which has its production 311 cil for Sustainable Development), and the UN
22
facilities at the Langelsheim site. In addition, 61 Global Compact guidelines. In addition, we
the North-American production subsidia- consider selected criteria of the Sustainabi-
ry Heucotech Ltd., Fairless Hills, USA, and lity Reporting Standards (SRS) of the Global
Hangzhou Heubach Pigment Co. Ltd., a sa- Reporting Initiative (GRI) where this proves
Employees
les subsidiary in Hangzhou, China, belong to beneficial to readers of this report.
Heubach GmbH Group*
the Group.
Heubach Color Pvt. Ltd., India, is not part of 394 As a member of the UN Global Compact, we
also present our first progress report (Com-
the Heubach GmbH Group and therefore not munication on Progress, CoP) with this sus-
included in this sustainability report. How- tainability report. We further plan to submit
ever, we will refer to that production site in the declaration of conformity in accordance
key passages. with the DNK (Deutscher Nachhaltigkeitskodex,
German Sustainability Code).
Heubach – including Heubach Color Pvt. Ltd. 2015
in India – has 1,093 employees worldwide, Our objective is to inform the stakeholders
with 392 employees working at the Heubach 302 of our company – customers, employees,
21
GmbH Group. The employees are distributed 60 business partners, local residents and all other
across the different sites as follows: interested parties – about our sustainability
activities no later than every three years. These
Employees include economic, environmental and social
Germany Heubach GmbH Group* aspects.
USA
China 383 Accordingly, we will publish our second
sustainability report by 2021 at the latest.
*
Effective date: 31.12.2017 without temporary workers.
2 About This Report 3
02
Key Performance Indicators Percentage change
2017 vs. 2016 2017 2016 2015
We regularly record the key performance in-
dicators (KPIs) 1) that are economically, so- Total production (t) +3.7 23,172 22,348 22,205
cially and ecologically decisive for Heubach.
On the basis of these indicators, we measure Sales (t) +5.9 25,746 24,306 23,646
and control the implementation of the focal
areas of sustainability, and thus create a basis Sales revenue (€ million) +8.0 145.6 134.8 132.1
for forecasts as well as for other objectives.
As far as possible we record the KPIs on the Investments (€ million) +17.9 9.5 8.1 3.3
same basis and provide transparent informa-
tion about any changes in order to guaran- R&D expenditure (€ million) +1.3 3.7 3.7 3.6
tee a high degree of reliability, comparability
and consistency of our data. Employees -0.5 392 394 383
-0.3 30.6 30.7 31.9
A selection of the most important KPIs is Share of female employees (%)
+2.1 34.0 33.3 33.3
shown in the following table. Further key Share of women in executive positions (%)
indicators are described in the respective -24.5 1.9 2.6 2.0
Percentage of trainees (%)1)
chapters. -4.5 4.8 5.1 8.1
Staff turnover (%)
-40.9 9.4 15.9 8.1
Frequency of accidents 2)
Environmental protection
Energy consumption (MWh) +5.5 60,254 57,105 56,361
Energy intensity (MWh/t)
3) +1.8 2.6 2.6 2.5
Scope 1-Emissions (t) 4) -3.7 6,050 6,285 6,378
Scope 2-Emissions 5) (t) +16.2 15,412 13,264 12,962
Water input (m3) -10.6 152,977 171,202 169,286
Specific water input 6)
(m /t)
3 -13.8 6.6 7.7 7.7
Waste (t) +2.9 3,873 3,765 3,045
1)
As measured against the number of employees in Germany.
2)
Number of industrial accidents with at least three days of work missed per 1 million working hours.
3)
Ratio of energy consumption and sales volume produced (total production). Commercial products are not included.
4)
Emissions resulting from own business, that is, from the consumption of natural gas, for example, for steam generation, the operation of production plants, heaters or lift trucks.
The emission factors used are based on the report "Emissionsfaktoren für Strom, Fernwärme und Kraftstoffe" (Emission Factors for Electricity, District Heating and Fuels) by the VDA
(Verband der Automobilindustrie, German Association of the Automotive Industry) (2018). The stated values for Germany, China East and USA East were used. Our calculations are
based on the assumption that only CO2 is emitted by the complete combustion of all natural-gas components.
5)
Emissions from the production of energy sourced from outside the company (e.g., electricity). The conversion factor for Germany was specified by the electricity supplier. For the
U.S. and China, the regional average emission factors relative to the electricity provided according to the
1)
Note: The key indicators shown in the report are commercially rounded to a maximum of one decimal place. For the purpose of a more precise representation, however,
report "Emissionsfaktoren für Strom, Fernwärme und Kraftstoffe" (Emission Factors for Electricity, District Heating and Fuels) by the VDA (Verband der Automobilindustrie, German
the calculation of percentages is based on exact, non-rounded numbers. In individual cases, this may lead to them not resulting from the values shown.
Association of the Automotive Industry) (2018) were used.
6)
Ratio of water input and sales volume produced (total production). Commercial products are not included.
4 Key Performance Indicators 5
03
Foreword by Management Dear Readers,
That Heubach has grown into a global pro- This is why we use the different arrangement In addition, with the Heubach GmbH Group
ducer of pigments and pigment preparations options in our business activities and develop joining the UN Global Compact in 2017, we
is, above all, the result of our staying true to solutions that actively address the challenges have made a public commitment to uphol-
our core values: linking comprehensive chemi- of climate change, scarcity of resources and ding human rights and labor standards, pre-
cal know-how, technological competence, environmental protection. We also seek for venting discrimination, protecting the envi-
internationalization, service, quality and reli- solutions in the areas of health protection, ronment and combating corruption.
ability – and combining this with enthusiasm occupational safety, demographic change or
that has stayed alive for generations. It is this reconciling life and work. With our first sustainability report, we cordi-
force that breeds innovation. ally invite you to get to know Heubach as
In order to identify the sustainability issues a responsible manufacturer and supplier
Sustainability and intergenerational thin- relevant to Heubach and its main stakehol- of pigments and pigment preparations. In
king have always been a high priority in ders, we conducted a sustainability check it, we provide a comprehensive picture of
the 210-plus-year history of our company. Alt- developed by the Chemie3 initiative. Through our sustainability performance in terms of
hough it must be said also that not all susta- a cross-departmental workshop, we iden- the "triple bottom line", by reporting on the
inability aspects have always been taken into tified fourteen relevant sustainability areas implementation of sustainability in our core
account equally. Nonetheless, the long-term with the help of this tool. We are already business and detailing the measures taken
success of a manufacturing company always very well positioned in some of the fields of and planned.
requires sustainability-based handling of the action, and others will have to be filled with
needs of customers, vendors, service provi- further measures in the future. Furthermore, we use the reporting process
ders, principals, employees, neighbors and to focus our sustainability activities in a tar-
the environment. Successful implementation requires the geted manner, to strategically align them, to
sensitization of individual responsibility and achieve our objectives, and to continuously
Today, sustainability is inseparably linked to awareness for sustainable actions of each expand our reporting.
our corporate strategy. For the development, employee. After all, the success of Heubach
production and marketing of chemical pro- depends largely on the ingenuity and moti- We would like to thank all the employees
ducts comes with a responsibility that does vation of our employees. This is why we have who, through their commitment, make Heubach
not only extend to economic aspects. On integrated the essential aspects of a susta- a sustainable employer, business partner and
the contrary, our business also affects the inability strategy into our corporate policy neighbor, and we hope you will enjoy rea-
environment and the society in which we and, through the corresponding manage- ding this report.
operate. ment systems, into the respective processes,
and set up a sustainability program. By way
of continuity and conviction, we will promo-
te the further development of all aspects of
sustainability on the solid basis that we have
put in place so far.
Dr. Reiner Martens Birgit Genn
Management of Heubach GmbH
6 Foreword by Management 7
04
About Heubach
> Organization
For more than 210 years, Heubach has been An extensive distribution network on six The majority of our products are used in prin-
01 02 03 04 05 06
producing pigments and pigment prepara- continents supports and advises the custo- ting inks, coatings and plastics industries. The
tions for numerous applications. Since the mers of all Heubach locations through their color and protective pigments from Heubach
1980s, the company has developed into a respective sales and service organizations, are also suitable for use in many other fields
global organization with production facilities including the laboratory capacities available of application, for example, the coloring of
in Germany, the USA and India. The parent there. In addition, a global team of experts latex, seeds, adhesives or building materials. Purchasing Marketing & Storage &
Raw materials
R&D/Application Production Processing
company has its head office in Langelsheim, ensures on-site technical support in the indi- technology Sales Transportation Industry
near Goslar in Lower Saxony. The companies vidual national markets. In 2017, the Heubach GmbH Group gene-
of the Heubach Group are owned by the rated annual consolidated sales of €145.6
Heubach family, and are consolidated under Our comprehensive product portfolio ranges million on a production volume of 23,172 t.
the Austrian Heubach Holding GmbH. from high-quality organic and inorganic
Purchasing
colored pigments to various pigment pre-
Merchandise
The Heubach GmbH Group manufactures parations and customized color shade solu-
inorganic colored pigments and selected tions. In addition, Heubach produces a variety
pigment preparations for the plastics and of so-called corrosion inhibitors to cover the
coatings industry at the German site in Lan- entire performance spectrum of modern
gelsheim. At our sites in Germany and the protective coating.
USA, we also manufacture anti-corrosive
pigments, printing ink concentrates and pig-
ment pastes. Founded in 1994, the affiliated
company Heubach Color Pvt. Ltd. based in
Ankleshwar, India, produces organic pig-
ments as well as some pigment prepara-
tions. 26,000 t €146 million
25,746
145.6
In Asia, the establishment of Hangzhou Heubach
24,306
Pigment Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China, in 2009
23,646
134.8
was another important step of our growth
132.1
strategy. The focus is on supporting national
and international customers in the dynami-
cally developing Chinese market.
2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015
Sales Sales revenue
(consolidated) (consolidated)
8 About Heubach 9
Germany
Production:
Anti-corrosive pigments,
inorganic pigments,
pigment preparations
China
Laboratories
USA
Production:
Anti-corrosive pigments,
India
pigment preparations
Production:
Organic pigments,
pigment preparations
10 About Heubach 11> Milestones
Becoming a globally operating and re- 2012
cognized producer of high-quality color > Expanded production for
pigments and pigment preparations was anti-corrosive pigments by 700 t
accompanied by numerous technical inno- > Implementation of a fully automated
vations and various strategic acquisitions. calcination technology for the manufacture
As early as in 1984, a link to North Ameri- of inorganic colored pigments
ca was established through the acquisition
of the pigment division of the U.S. company 2016
DuPont de Nemours. In Germany, Heubach > Setup of a second, fully automated
increased its product portfolio by acquiring calcination line to manufacture
the lightfast pigment business of Bayer AG inorganic colored pigments
in 2002.
2017
The expansion of organic pigment produc- > Launch of an innovative, highly
tion in India was made possible by the flexible production concept to
acquisition of the pigments business of Ave- manufacture pigment pastes in Germany
cia (formerly: ICI) in 2003. We also invested
in production facilities for the manufacture of 2018
high-quality organic red, yellow and orange > Launch of a new production
pigments, as well as in the plant completed system for anti-corrosive pigments in
in 2013 for the manufacture of indanthrone the USA (capacity: 4,000 t)
blue crude.
At the German and American locations, the
following investments have contributed sig-
nificantly to the growth of our Group in re-
cent years:
12 About Heubach 13> Stakeholders
Having trusting and cooperative communi- We re-analyzed the key stakeholders along The open dialog with the stakeholders regu- In order to develop our stakeholder commu- The respondents were to assess the relevan-
cations with numerous stakeholders is cru- the value chain as part of the recertification larly takes place both directly – for example, nications further, and to review our assess- ce of a wide range of sustainability topics as
cial for the future-oriented development of of our quality and environmental manage- with customers and vendors – and indirectly ments, we conducted our first stakeholder well as which instruments were suitable for
our company. We see this as an opportunity ment system, and explored their basic requi- through advocacy groups and our member- survey in the second quarter of 2018. dialoging with stakeholders.
to identify the expectations and needs of the rements and expectations with respect to ship in associations. The individual channels
various stakeholders and to respond to new the company. and formats depend on the respective stake- Heubach invited selected representatives of The evaluation of this survey and the measu-
risks, requirements or trends at an early sta- holder group as well as the topics. the following stakeholders to a survey: cus- res taken in this context will be published in
ge. tomers, vendors, employees, financial service the next sustainability report in 2021.
providers, authorities, neighbors, cooperation
partners, and members of the local public.
Stakeholders Formats & Channels Key Topics Stakeholders Formats & Channels Key Topics
Product selection / quality / availability Profitability / cost efficiency
Contract-compliant order processing General shareholders' Sustainability / growth
Owners
Customer visits Know-how transfer/service meeting Livelihood security
Trade shows Sustainable alignment of processes with regard to quality standards Profit optimization
Customers
Satisfaction surveys Socially acceptable production conditions
Website Innovation
Competitiveness No adverse effects due to environmental impacts
Global presence Open House Day (e.g., noise, emissions)
Neighbors Neighborhood brochure Information
Prevention of accidents (e.g., road traffic, plant damage)
Audits Purchase of specified quantities / compliance with payment conditions Jobs
Vendors and
Vendor evaluations Sustainable partnership / business relationship
Service Providers
Trade shows Solvency
Liquidity
Reserves
Banks Meetings
Motivation Company performance / rating
Safe workplaces Loans / other banking products
General meeting Regulation of tasks / competencies
Feedback meetings Opportunity for personal development
Complaints box Clear communication structures / leadership Visits Regular exchange
Employees
Intranet Provision of necessary resources Regional Policy Meetings Economic success
Employee surveys Fair and secure income Networking Social/cultural commitment
Work-life balance
Inclusion
Compliance with standards and regulations
Further development of the M-system
Auditors Audits
Provision of documentation
Fulfillment of promised personnel resources Employee availability
Equal treatment of employees
Meetings Compliance with labor law requirements
Works Council Compliance
Assemblies Respectful way of interacting with employees
Meetings
Inclusion / information regarding personnel management Regulatory Authorities Transparency in relevant areas / processes / documents
Visits
Binding collective bargaining Implementation of specific measures identified
14 About Heubach 15> Materiality Matrix
In order to identify the sustainability issues The materiality analysis resulted in the priority
relevant to Heubach and its main stakehol- areas of action, which we then analyzed,
ders, we relied on the sustainability check of discussed and evaluated in a second step –
Strategic significance for Heubach
the Chemie3 initiative. This is a partnership under the direction of an external consul-
Corporate governance /
between the VCI (Verband der Chemischen tant. The sustainability officer, management, compliance
Industrie e. V., Chemical Industry Association), and the department heads responsible for Strengthened skills basis
the IG BCE (Industriegewerkschaft Bergbau, Purchasing, Sales & Logistics, Production, Protection of the environment
Chemie Energie, Industrial Union for Mining, Environmental and Quality Management, Supply and value chain
Chemistry, Energy) and the BAVC (Bundesar- Product Management and Marketing & R&D Climate protection
beitgeberverband Chemie, Federal Emplo- Communications participated in this evalu- Conservation of resources
Sustainability in corporate strategy
yers' Federation for the Chemical Industry). ation.
Sustainability information
The sustainability check covers 31 action areas
Sustainability
based on the sustainability guidelines for The materiality matrix of the Heubach GmbH Personnel policy; management and
management
the chemical industry. These fields of action Group shows – as a result of this sustai- corporate culture
were developed by the Chemie3 initiative in nability check – all the topics dealt with in
a comprehensive analysis; in the process, it this sustainability report. We rated issues as
involved various stakeholders (in the form of particularly important if they were highly re- Work-life balance
surveys) and evaluated studies and literature. levant for both stakeholders and Heubach. In
Thanks to these thorough preparations, Heubach addition, we included topics of great signifi-
Stakeholder dialogs
was able to forego a direct survey of its cance to Heubach. Among other things, we
stakeholders in 2017. identified in the analysis the following social
Age and health-appropriate design of jobs
and environmental aspects as being essen-
We carried out our own sustainability check tial: energy efficiency, climate and resource
in a two-day, in-house workshop. In a first protection, compliance, work and family life,
step, the sustainability officer – in close con- occupational health and safety, strengthened
sultation with management – assessed the skills base, personnel management, procure-
materiality of the individual action areas, both ment and vendor selection.
from the point of view of specific stakehol-
ders and from the point of view of Heubach. Materiality from stakeholders' point of view
16 About Heubach 1705
> Ensuring a High Standard > Protection of the Environment > Safety and Health
of Quality and Energy-Efficient Action Protection
Assuming quality responsibility means for us To avoid environmental impacts, we con- We are aware that achieving these quality,
the obligation to fulfill the requirements de- tinuously improve our products and pro- environmental and energy objectives is not
manded of us. This includes the high quality cesses. We ensure the monitoring, testing possible without our employees. For this rea-
of our products and services, adherence to and evaluation of products and processes son, ensuring occupational safety and health
Sustainability Management delivery times, comprehensive advice for our
customers, and protecting the interests of
our employees.
through comprehensive HSE and quality
management.
As part of our energy management, we not
is one of our overarching goals.
only commit ourselves to optimizing the
use of energy in our production, but also to
increasing energy efficiency in the procure-
ment of new plant and equipment, as well
as in product development.
> Organization of > Sustainability-Oriented
Sustainability Management Corporate Policy > Management Systems
Heubach management sets the strategic For Heubach, economic success and susta- To underscore the importance of these values Heubach has introduced an integrated ma- In order to ensure a systematic preparation The planning and supervision of the M-sys-
direction for sustainability. Together with an inability are inextricably linked. That is why and beliefs, we have formulated three guide- nagement system (M-system). This supports of our sustainability activities, we also plan tem as well as document maintenance are
interdisciplinary team, it coordinates the sus- we have integrated the essential aspects of lines. They have already shaped Heubach in us in implementing our corporate policy – to integrate sustainability management into the responsibility of the management officer.
tainability-oriented corporate policy and lays a sustainability strategy into corporate policy the past, and are decisive for the sustainable above all, in the continuous improvement of the M-system. In addition, all managers and employees are
down the sustainability program. On the one and into the respective processes via the development of our company both over the our processes, increasing customer satisfac- encouraged to contribute to the ongoing
hand, this team consists of the sustainability corresponding management systems. The medium and long term: tion, operational safety, compliance with all Through performance measurement sys- development of the M-system. Management
officer and, on the other hand, the depart- company objectives, therefore, include the relevant legislation, and protecting the envi- tems, organizational guidelines, process and is responsible for providing appropriate finan-
ment heads for Purchasing, Sales & Logistics, sustainability targets, which we break down ronment and resources. work instructions, regular internal and exter- cial and human resources to implement the
Production, Environmental and Quality Ma- into division and departmental objectives nal audits, we ensure that our management M-system.
nagement, Product Management and Mar- according to the organization. For decades, we have had a certified quali- systems meet specific requirements, and
keting & Communications. ty management system in accordance with continue to drive the continuous improve-
We are convinced that the satisfaction of our DIN EN ISO 9001 in Germany, which we also ment process.
The sustainability program is implemented customers is crucial to the success and repu- rolled out to our U.S. site a few years ago.
together with the specialists in the individual tation of our company. Therefore, we rely on In order to determine and steer the envi- A central document management system
areas – from sustainability-relevant processes customer-specific services as well as long- ronmental impact of our corporate activities, (DocMan) has been set up to ensure com-
to the defined objectives and the associated term cooperation. This is characterized by we introduced an environmental manage- pany-wide access to all valid documents and
measures. All parties involved report on the trusting, open and respectful action in order ment system in accordance with DIN EN ISO process descriptions of the M-system.
current state of affairs in regular meetings to recognize the requirements of customers 14001 in Germany in 2008.
and assess the status achieved. and markets at an early stage and to be able
to respond to them promptly. Furthermore, the German site maintains a Management Systems by Location
The tasks of the sustainability officer include safety management system according to the
the further development, coordination and First and foremost, the quality features of our Hazardous Incident Ordinance.
monitoring of the sustainability activities as business policy are the continuous improve- Germany
well as the preparation of the sustainability ment of products, services and processes, In 2013, we introduced an energy manage- Quality management DIN EN ISO 9001 : 2015
report and the implementation of the volun- taking into account the relevant environ- ment system in accordance with DIN EN ISO Environmental management DIN EN ISO 14001 : 2015
tary commitments. mental and safety aspects – secondly, the ac- 50001, which systematically records and eva- Energy management DIN EN ISO 50001 : 2011
tive commitment and, thirdly, the conscious luates our energy consumption, and identi- Occupational safety Partially integrated into M-system,
interaction of employees, executives and fies potential for energy savings. In addition, but no certification at this time
management. occupational safety aspects are comprehen- Construction Products Regulation DIN EN 12878 : 2005
sively integrated into our management sys-
tem, so that certification according to DIN USA
ISO 45001 is currently not planned. Quality management DIN EN ISO 9001 : 2015
18 Sustainability Management 19> Memberships in Initiatives > Compliance
and Associations
Our long-term objective is to sustainably in- > AGV (Allgemeiner Arbeitgeberverband, It is critical to our business success and repu- > Code of Conduct > Compliance Organization > Data Privacy
crease the business activities of the Heubach General Employers' Federation) tation that our stakeholders have confidence
GmbH Group and the associated enterpri- > ACA (American Coatings Association) in the responsible and lawful conduct of all As the key compliance element, our Code Within the framework of the materiality ana- Maximum care, the utmost in confidentiality
se value. That is why we align our business > Arbeitgeberverband ChemieNord of our employees and managers. As a global of Conduct includes commitments to respect lysis carried out for this report, the topic of and compliance with applicable laws and
practices with different principles of respon- (Employers' Organization Chemistry North) company, the highest priority for us is the ob- human rights, to uphold fair competition, to corporate governance/compliance was regulations have the highest priority for Heu-
sible corporate governance. > VEA (Bundesverband der Energie- servance of company-specific and legal rules protect the climate, environment and health ascribed special significance from the stake- bach in handling personal data of emplo-
Abnehmer e. V. (German Association of for the protection of human rights and the in a sustainable manner, to ensure equal op- holders' point of view as well as from the yees, business partners or other third parties.
For example, Heubach has been a member Energy Consumers) environment as well as for the prevention of portunities, and to oppose all forms of discri- perspective of Heubach.
of the Ecological and Toxicological Associa- > ChemieNetzwerk Harz e. V. (Chemistry corruption. mination. In the performance of their tasks, the mana-
tion of Dyes and Organic Pigments Manu- Network Harz) This is why we decided to set up an ISO gers are assisted by both an external data
facturers (ETAD) since 1998. We are commit- > CPMA (Color Pigment Manufacturers The trust placed in Heubach is based on the All employees are called upon to uphold the 19600 compliance organization. In a first protection officer and an internal data pro-
ted to adhering to the ETAD Code of Ethics Association), USA, Canada, Mexico integrity of each individual. In our Code of provisions and ethical principles of the Code step, the scope of application covers the Ger- tection coordinator; both report directly to
based on the principles of the Responsible > DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung, Conduct, we have therefore defined clear of Conduct within their activities. man locations of the Heubach GmbH Group. management. In order to be able to better
Care Initiative. With this membership, we German Institute for Standardization) and comprehensible guidelines as a beha- An expansion of the organization to the USA reflect the diverse data protection require-
want to meet the demands made of us for > DKG (Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft vioral standard. They provide a summary of Special responsibility rests with the manage- and China will follow in a second step. ments in the planning, installation and ope-
the continuous minimization of possible im- e. V., German Ceramics Society) the key compliance principles based on the ment of our company, who are required to ration of information processing procedures
pairments of health and the environment by > Forschungsgesellschaft für Pigmente und UN Global Compact. They also provide the convey the meaning of the Code of Conduct in the future, we plan to introduce a data
way of organic pigments. Lacke e. V. (Research Institute for Pigments foundation for a common value system that to their employees and to support them in protection management system by 2022.
and Paints) is not only relevant to internal collaborati- its implementation, as well as compliance
In addition, the Heubach GmbH Group has > Industrieverein Goslar (Industrial Group of on, but also to our conduct toward external thereof.
been a member of the UN Global Compact Goslar) business partners.
since 2017. The ten principles relating to > International Zinc Association As any breach can have far-reaching conse-
human rights, labor standards, environmen- > MNYCA (Metropolitan NY Coatings quences for both the company and the em-
tal protection, and the fight against corrupti- Association) ployees concerned, anyone who is aware of
on represent another guideline for respon- > NAM (National Association of Manufacturers) any violations of laws or this voluntary com-
sible corporate governance. > NAPIM (National Association of Printing mitment is required to report them.
Ink Manufacturers)
We are also involved in working groups or > VCI (Verband der Chemischen Industrie During the reporting period, we did not re-
specialist lectures in various specialist and e. V., German Chemical Industry Association) gister any reports via the central compliance
industry associations, including: > CEFIC (European Chemical Industry Council) hotline or the compliance e-mail address.
> VDSI (Verband für Sicherheit, Gesundheit
und Umweltschutz bei der Arbeit,
Federation of OSH Professionals)
> Verein zur Förderung der Fachschule für
Wirtschaft und Technik e. V. (Association
To Promote Colleges of Business and
Technology)
> VILF (Verband der Ingenieure des Lack-
und Farbenfaches e. V., Association of
Engineers of the Coating and Paint Industry)
20 Sustainability Management 2106
Sustainability Program
Field of Action Objective(s) and Measures Period Field of Action Objective(s) and Measures Period
Environmental Protection Sustainability Management
Energy Efficiency Improvement of energy efficiency by 4% by 2020 Compliance Expansion of a systematic protection of the company by 2022
> Establishment of the new calcination technology and introduction of new (Base year: 2015) > Setup of a compliance organization
technologies in wet grinding > Implementation of a data protection management system
> Continued switchover to energy-saving lighting (LED)
> Development of a heat exchanger strategy for heat recovery Management and Development of a systematic survey of sustainability-relevant data and by 2020
> Systematic consideration of energy-saving potential in Controlling development of rules for reporting key performance indicators
investment decisions
Voluntary Development of a concept to support the United Nations Sustainable by 2020
Emissions Reduction of specific dust emissions by more than 5% by 2020
Commitment Development Goals (SDGs)
> Installation of new exhaust-air purification technologies (Base year: 2017)
Reduction of specific CO2 emissions by 10%
> Increased efficiency through new production technologies
> Conversion of the energy supply to a power mix with a higher proportion of from 2020 Employee Responsibility
renewable energies
Reduction of accident frequency (occupational accidents with at least three by 2020
Water Reduction of specific water requirements by 5% by 2020 Safety days of work missed per 1 million working hours) to six (Base year: 2017)
> Continued conversion to dry processes (Base year: 2017) (interim target 2018: eight).
> Optimization of the cooling water system
Health Promotion of employees' health
Waste Reduction of specific waste by 5% through process optimization by 2020 > Decision on the introduction of e-bike leasing by 2020
(Base year: 2017) > Promotion of physical activity through participation in sporting events (e.g., Business-Run) from 2019
Supply Chain Personnel Methodological and content-related further development of professional
Development training and development
> Introduction of the key performance indicator "Average number of hours for from 2019
Greater anchoring of sustainability in supply chain management by 2020 training and development per year and per employee"
> Expansion of the vendor-audit evaluation sheet to include labor and > Evaluation of cooperation with the Technische Universität Clausthal (Clausthal by 2019
social standards, human rights, corruption and antitrust law University of Technology) a dual Bachelor's program
> Check to see to what extent a rating platform of sustainability services can be used
and integrated by Heubach Demographic Development of a demography concept focusing on health, work and family, by 2022
Change qualification, knowledge, employer attractiveness
Products Work-Life Balance Additional childcare by 2020
> Development of a concept
Expanded integration of sustainability into product development Focus on the topic of care
> Development of a concept for the analysis and evaluation of the most important by 2020 > In-house information events; external counseling
products/product lines from a sustainability point of view
> Creation of a do-not-use list for product development as well as extended by 2019
specifications/specification descriptions to include quality/energy/environment/
sustainability
22 Sustainability Program 2307 One of our key guidelines is to provide high quality pigments and pigment preparations that
incorporate environmental and safety concerns along the entire product lifecycle.
Products
> Sustainable Pigment Solutions
The demands made on pigments and pig- > Zinc-Free Pigments > Lead Chromate Replacement
ment preparations are growing steadily: Our
customers expect our products to have an Heubach has been developing zinc-free The worldwide use of chrome-yellow or
ever longer service life and a qualitative anti-corrosive pigments for decades. In re- molybdenum-red pigments has dropped
superiority for end products, but at the same cent years, zinc has come increasingly significantly in recent decades due to their
time demand the consideration of ecologi- under attack, as it is a harmful to aquatic toxicity. However, these pigments have not
cal factors. organisms. In the course of our long-term completely been replaced due to their good
development program, we therefore manu- price-performance ratio. So far, their use has
The Heubach portfolio includes numerous factured zinc-free anti-corrosive pigments only been significantly limited by the REACH
products that make an important contribution with ever better long-term protection, which Regulation in the European Union (EU), but
to sustainability. For clarification, we provide can also be used as universally as possible. not completely eliminated.
some examples below:
The result is a comprehensive product port- Heubach has been working intensively for
folio of zinc-free ortho- or polyphosphates – decades to replace these toxic inorganic pig-
> Anti-Corrosive Pigments based on harmless metals such as calcium, ments and developed a product line of high-
strontium or magnesium, which provide performance hybrid pigments. These high-
Worldwide, around five tons of steel are excellent protection for a wide range of ap- quality yellow, orange and red pigments
destroyed by rust every second. In Germany plications. provide excellent coloristic properties such
alone, the overall economic loss amounts to as high color strength, opacity and durabi-
more than €90 billion a year. 1) lity. Easy incorporation and high stability in all
> Water-Based Pigment Preparations common coating systems make this product
With the development, production and mar- line an excellent alternative for high-quality
keting of so-called corrosion inhibitors, our In recent decades, the market share and de- applications. In addition, Heubach offers various
company contributes significantly to the mand for environmentally-friendly, aqueous custom pigment preparations as a direct
manufacture of long-lasting and resistant paints and varnishes has risen continuously. Heu- one-to-one replacement for the chrome-
coatings, and thus also to the conservation bach has actively helped shape this develop- yellow and molybdenum-red pigments.
of resources. ment by developing and producing aqueous
pigment preparations for a wide variety of
applications for 30 years. These modern
water-based products contain no solvents,
and are therefore particularly environmen-
tally-friendly.
1)
Online article in Farbe und Lack: Eine Industrie gibt Auskunft: Korrosionsschutz kann mehr! (An industry Provides Information: Corrosion Protection Can Do More!)
24 Products 25> Product Responsibility > Research and Development
From raw material purchasing as well as As part of its research and development, the In addition to the aforementioned aspects These properties provide our customers with
research and development to production, Heubach GmbH Group is constantly wor- of health and environmental protection, we maximum flexibility, significantly reduced
storage, transport and further processing king to make its products more sustainable. also consider all other safety aspects along stock levels, and thus a cost advantage.
to sales and disposal: Product responsibili- the entire product life cycle.
ty at Heubach covers the harmless and safe For example, Product Safety regularly informs 2. Heubach has been working together with
handling of chemical substances and pro- the R&D department about changes in the Expenditure for research and development the Technische Universität Clausthal (Claust-
ducts along the entire product life cycle. status of chemicals, especially if their use is (R&D) amounted to approximately €3.7 hal University of Technology) for decades,
prohibited, restricted, controversial, or other- million in 2017 and 2016, respectively. R&D and has further intensified the cooperation
wise undesirable for the customer. This infor- expenditures in 2017 accounted for 2.6% through a very closely networked partner-
mation flows into our product developments. of sales, just below the previous year (2016: ship. The two cooperation partners jointly
> Chemical Control Regulations > Product Information 2.7%). The majority of these expenditures operate a high-performance X-ray diffraction
Furthermore, we regularly review the use of accounted for the (energetic and resource- device. This analysis method is used to de-
REACH raw materials from recycling processes or the saving) optimization of inorganic pigments termine crystal structures and so-called se-
substitution of water-soluble and (environ- as well as the development of water-based condary phases, which can arise in the pro-
In the field of chemical safety, the EU Che- Of great importance to the responsible In addition, upon request, we will use our mentally/aquatically/human-)toxicologically pigment pastes for the production of decora- duction process. The combined know-how
micals Regulation for the Registration, Eva- handling of pigments and pigment prepara- Regulatory Affair Sheets (RAS) to pass on all active components. When selecting raw ma- tive paints and the coloring of paints. enables us to meet the requirements of the
luation, Authorization and Restriction of tions is not only their safe handling, but also the regulatory information we have on a pro- terials, we also evaluate their potential pollu- lowest detection limits. With the X-ray diffrac-
Chemicals (REACH) came into force in 2007. the provision of comprehensive information duct. In this way, we support our customers tant inputs during the production process in tion device, we have a tool at our disposal
This regulation states that manufacturers, for customers and partners. in complying with the downstream legal order to minimize them if necessary. > Partnerships in to optimize processes, on the one hand, in
importers and users take responsibility for regulations, such as when our products are Product Development research and development and, on the other
their chemicals by ensuring their safe use. Heubach creates safety data sheets (MSDS) used in toys or food contact materials. During new product development, we always hand, to issue product certificates attesting
In due course, Heubach has registered all for all its products in accordance with Art. take into account all regulatory aspects, from Through our collaboration with universities, that the products are free of by-products.
substances that are produced or imported in 31 REACH. If the creation of an MSDS is not the raw materials to the final product (e.g., research institutes, customers and vendors,
quantities of more than one tonne with the required for products, Heubach will prepa- with regard to the wastewater to be dispo- we ensure a comprehensive and efficient 3. Furthermore, Heucotech Ltd. has developed
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). re Product Information Sheets (PIS) for the sed of or cleaned). Of course, we also take development of pigment innovations that bio-based printing ink concentrates as part
dissemination of information in accordance into account the energy requirements of the not only improve the performance of end of a cooperation project with customers.
with Art. 32 REACH. MSDS and PIS are sent relevant process engineering projects. The products, but are also safe in terms of health Thanks to the successful substitution of
Globally Harmonized System (GHS) / either automatically with every first delivery of aim is, for example, to optimize production and the environment. petroleum-based raw materials,
CLP Regulation a new product, or with relevant changes to steps with high energy requirements ener- the selected dispersions contain about 38%
information or on request. In total, we pub- getically, or to avoid energy-consuming pro- The following three examples illustrate our of renewable materials – and that with the
In parallel with REACH, Heubach implemented lish more than 1,800 MSDS per year in up to cess steps. collaborative development partnerships: same or even better application properties.
the requirements of the CLP Regulation ((EC) 27 languages.
No. 1272/2008), which came into force in In the (further) development of liquid pig- 1. Together with an external partner, our
2009, which transfers the United Nations To support customers' product development, ment preparations, Heubach works conti- specialists develop pigment preparations
Globally Harmonized System (GHS) to the Heubach provides Technical Data sheets nuously to minimize the concentration of for coloring plastics. Thanks to an innovative
European regulations. The aim of the GHS is (TDS) containing all application-related infor- additives in the formulation. We, therefore, production technology,
to maximize the standardization of chemical mation – for example, light and weather fast- reduce the levels of volatile organic com- we can produce highly concentrated pig-
labeling worldwide. ness, heat and chemical resistance, density pounds (VOCs) and biocides to a minimum. ment granules that are dust-reduced, low-
or pH. These are available for download on When selecting additives, we make sure that dusting and easy to disperse – they are
In connection with the CLP Regulation, we our website, or will be sent on request. as far as possible no polyaromatic hydrocar- characterized by their universal compatibility.
have reviewed, reclassified and, if necessary, bons (PAHs), no halogenated compounds, The preparations can be applied to plastics
re-labeled more than 1,800 products. and no formaldehyde are included. Moreo- of all kinds (polyolefins (PO), polyvinyl chlori-
ver, additives based on renewable raw ma- de (PVC) or engineering plastics). Due to the
terials are becoming increasingly important. highly concentrated pigment content of our
product, we were able to reduce its input
quantity compared to conventional products.
26 Products 2708
Environmental Protection
Emissions
As a manufacturer of chemical raw materials, we cannot completely avoid environmental impacts, as our company uses up resources, and > Carbon dioxide
the production process produces emissions, wastewater and waste. However, we can continuously minimize the risk of polluting factors and, > Nitrogen oxide
thus, ensure careful and respectful action with respect to the environment. We have committed ourselves to this goal, and have therefore > Sulfur oxide
incorporated resource conservation and climate protection in our corporate policy. > Dust
> Energy and Climate
Pollution
The main impacts of our production activities The energy sources that we mainly use are After some directly fired calcination units > Noise
include energy consumption and the emission electricity and natural gas. About 75% of were replaced by electrically heated pro- > Heat
Pollution
of climate-damaging greenhouse gases. natural gas is used to generate steam in duction processes back in 2013, a similar > Light
our own steam boilers and 20% for directly second plant was put into operation at the
For this reason, we have focused in recent fired calcination units for the production of end of October 2016. During the reporting
years on developing and implementing colored pigments at a temperature of up to period, however, it was only used in trial ope-
measures to increase energy efficiency and 1250°C. The remaining 5% is consumed in ration for up-scaling purposes. This led to a
optimize production processes. the heating of buildings. reduction in natural gas consumption, while
increasing the required electricity input. But
The majority of the electricity consumption the specially developed process allows for a
> Energy Consumption is for the operation of additional calcination considerable increase in throughput: At full
units for colored pigment manufacturing. capacity utilization of both systems, we ex-
Heubach uses energy in different ways. On The balance of the electricity is used for the pect a reduction of the specific energy requi- Raw
Products
the one hand, the company converts heat generation of compressed air, the seconda- rement for the high-temperature processes materials
and kinetic energy to chemical energy via ry energy driving various production equip- by up to 3% (about 700 MWh/year).
endothermic chemical processes. On the ment such as grinding, drying, precipitation
Electricity Storage & transport
other hand, Heubach operates exothermic processes and cleaning filters. At our U.S. facility, we produced only water-
chemical processes in which heat is released based pigment preparations in the reporting Waste
by chemical reactions, which requires appro- The increased energy demand in 2017 is period. The energy requirement for the cor- > Slurry
priate cooling. In addition, energy is spent exclusively attributable to strong growth in responding process steps (grinding, dispersi- > Paint waste
on numerous ancillary processes, such as for production volumes in the energy-intensive on) is small compared to the German facility. Water consumption Resource consumption > Packaging Wastewater
compressed-air generation, for the operation production area of inorganic colored pig- The first production plant for anti-corrosion > Well water > Natural gas
of heating systems and steam generators, for ments. This is associated with a plant-related pigments with a capacity of 4,000 t was > Municipal water > Heating oil Indirect discharge
the in-house transport of raw materials and capacity expansion at the German site. commissioned in early 2018. Due to this ca- > Mineral & metallic Sewer / sewage treat-
products, as well as for laboratory and office pacity increase, we expect energy demand resources ment plant
operations. to increase in the future, especially for the > Polluted wastewater
grinding and drying processes. > Heat
Direct discharge
> Purified wastewater
> Heat
28 Environmental Protection 29> Energy Efficiency
Heubach works continuously to improve To raise employees' awareness, the voluntary In addition, a development partnership was
energy efficiency and reduce energy inten- commitment to energy efficiency has been entered into to optimize horizontal bead
sity. included officially in the company's goals. mills. The potential energy-saving potential
due to shorter process time is estimated at
In 2013, we introduced an energy manage- We developed an energy strategy for the 10 to 15%.
ment system in accordance with DIN ISO production area at the German site by 2020
50001 at the German site. As part of this, in (base year: 2015). The goal is to improve As a next step, we plan to increase efficiency
addition to the measures described above, energy efficiency by around 4% by 2020 in the production of anti-corrosive pigments
we planned and implemented numerous using the latest technologies. as well. Based on the operating experience
60,254 actions – for example, the installation of of the state-of-the-art plant installed in the
solenoid valves in compressed-air lines to The focus here is on the energy-intensive USA, we would like to introduce various
57,105 minimize the risk of leakage, or the conver- production of inorganic pigments, as well as measures for increasing energy efficiency in
sion of lighting in the warehouses from HQL on the optimization of the process techno- individual process steps or units in Germany
56,361 luminaires to LEDS. Especially in the latter, we logy, which is used in wet grinding and in from 2020 onwards.
achieved an annual saving of 88.9 MWh 2). almost all production areas.
In order to further expand on this success, As the implementation of the energy strategy
30,333
An example would be the new calcination
26,023
we will develop a concept for equipping all is still in its initial phase, only the individual
24,828
lighting with energy-efficient LED light sour- technology which described above guaran- value considerations already mentioned are
ces over the next few years. tees highly efficient, quality-optimized pro- currently available. In the Sustainability Report
cess control in the production of inorganic 2021, however, we will report in detail on the
With the setup of an energy team we pro- colored pigments. Thanks to this, we have al- achievement of the planned targets and ob-
2.6 vided further necessary human resources to ready reduced the specific energy consump- jectives.
2.5
continuously evaluate and institute options tion of some product lines by up to 50%.
for the most efficient utilization of energy in
order to ensure the effectiveness of the ener-
31,533
31,082
29,9201
gy management system.
Energy intensity 1)
in MWh/t
MiWh
2017
2.6
2016
2015 Electricity
2017 2016 2015 Natural gas
Energy consumption
1)
Ratio of energy consumption and sales volume produced (total production). Commercial products are not included. 2)
Extrapolated to one year.
30 Environmental Protection 31> Emissions
> Greenhouse Gas Emissions 6,400 t CO2
6,378
> Pollutant Emissions into the Air > Noise Emissions
6,285
6,050
The chemical processes for the manufac-
ture of pigments and pigment preparations The manufacture of inorganic pigments pro- By switching from gas to electricity-powered The German factory site is located in a com-
themselves release no greenhouse gases. duces dust emissions. The permits for our calcination units, we reduced emissions of mercial area with predominantly industrial
Rather, these are energy-related emissions. production areas, therefore, contain limits for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide use and is adjacent to a mixed area with re-
Direct CO2 emissions include, for example, dust as well as for metals, which are used in (CO). In the case of the latter, a further favo- sidential buildings. Accordingly, the minimi-
steam generation (60-68%), the operation 0.29 t CO2/t the form of metal oxides. Depending on the rable trend in 2017 was the fact that the oil- zation of noise emissions for the protection
0.29
0.28
of gas-fired calcination units (24-30%), some particular raw materials used for the manu- based operation of steam boilers – as back- of the neighborhood has a very high priority
0.26
drying units and heating systems. Indirect facture of the pigments and the pigments up in the event of natural gas failure – hardly for Heubach. We have already successfully
CO2 emissions are caused by the electricity handled, these involve primarily zinc (Zn), tita- needed to be used. implemented a multi-year soundproofing
purchased. nium (Ti), bismuth (Bi), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), program.
Scope 1 absolute antimony ( Sb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), The increase in dust emissions results from
Greenhouse gases other than CO2 are not Scope 1 GHG intensity 2) manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and the two-stage expansion of production In order to achieve the necessary reduction
emitted. Even though methane (CH4) is the vanadium (V). There are emissions, to a low capacities; this is accompanied by additional of noise emissions, we installed sound
main constituent of natural gas, it is incinera- degree, of both raw materials, such as the emission sources with high air volumes. In absorbers on all relevant noise sources. In
2017 2016 2015
ted and emitted as CO2. This assumes com- corresponding metal oxide, and the product 2017, we planned additional extensive mea- addition, we pay close attention to the strict
plete combustion. manufactured, that is, the pigment. sures to further reduce dust emissions; we observance of various nocturnal measures.
Greenhouse gas emissions Scope 1 1)
already installed a corresponding exhaust-air For example, there are no truck movements
Our CO2 emissions increased by around The manufacture of some products also filter in the first half of 2018. We plan to in- at night; forklifts may operate only inside the
9.8% in 2017. Although the share of direct creates sulfur oxides (SOx). vest a total of around €1.5 million in the 2018 buildings, and doors and windows must be
emissions (Scope 1) fell by just under 3.7%, financial year to implement these measures closed.
we recorded an increase of around 16.2% in in order to reduce specific dust emissions by
the case of indirect emissions (Scope 2). This more than 5% by 2020. Furthermore, we have sound measurements
is due, on the one hand, to the increased ca- 15,500 t CO2 taken by an external expert after every new
15,412
1 58.43
pacity of the calcination technology and, on 43.0 SO2 emissions increased during the reporting construction of a plant or every significant
13,263
the other hand, to the partial replacement of period, as the raw material used for some change to existing plants.
12,962
gas by electricity in the calcination processes. of the more highly demanded product lines
contains sulfate, which causes SO2 emissions The last noise measurement (October 2017)
Specific dust emissions 1) during subsequent calcination. The use of at the relevant affected location (a residen-
0.67 t CO2/t this raw material is essential due to quality tial building in the adjacent street) showed
0.67
in g/t
standards. Nevertheless, teams in R&D pro- that the exposure reference values (45 dB(A))
0.59
0.58
jects are working on minimizing the use of were clearly undershot with 42.5 dB(A).
this raw material or, at best, substituting the
.72
55
substance.
Scope 2 absolute
Scope 2 GHG intensity 4)
2017 2016 2015 2017 Air emissions in kg 2017 2016 2015
2016
Greenhouse gas emissions Scope 2 3) 2015
Sulfur oxide (SOx/SO2) 1,341 1,286 1,184
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) 7,050 8,356 8,061
Carbon monoxide (CO) 569 740 881
1)
Emissions resulting from own business, that is, from the consumption of natural gas, for example, for steam generation, the operation of production plants, heaters or lift trucks. Volatile organic compounds without
0 0 0
The emission factors used are based on the report "Emissionsfaktoren für Strom, Fernwärme und Kraftstoffe" (Emission Factors for Electricity, District Heating and Fuels) by the VDA methane (NM-VOCs)
(Verband der Automobilindustrie, German Association of the Automotive Industry) (2018). The stated values for Germany, China East and USA East were used. Our calculations
are based on the assumption that only CO2 is emitted by the complete combustion of all natural-gas components. Dust 1,354 1,245 955
2)
Relative to sales volume produced (total production). Commercial products are not included.
3)
Emissions from the production of energy sourced from outside the company (e.g., electricity). The conversion factor for Germany was specified by the electricity supplier. For the
U.S. and China, the regional average emission factors relative to the electricity provided according to the report "Emissionsfaktoren für Strom, Fernwärme und Kraftstoffe"
(Emission Factors for Electricity, District Heating and Fuels) by the VDA (Verband der Automobilindustrie, German Association of the Automotive Industry) (2018) were used.
4)
Relative to sales volume produced (total production). Commercial products are not included. 2)
Relative to sales volume produced (total production). Commercial products are not included.
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