2020-2021 Student Guide to Osteopathic Medical Colleges - CHOOSEDO.org - Choose DO
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2020-2021
Student Guide to Osteopathic
Medical Colleges
2020-2021 STUDENT GUIDE TO OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGES
CHOOSEDO.org
CHOOSEDO.org
Facebook “f ” Logo CMYK / .eps Facebook “f ” Logo CMYK / .eps
Visit ChooseDO.org to access the online version or download a free
PDF copy.
Special Note
The 2020-2021 Student Guide
to Osteopathic Medical Colleges
About the manufacture of this publication: is published by the American
Association of Colleges of
• Environmentally friendly vegetable-based inks were used throughout Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM).
the print process.
The Student Guide is a collaboration
• All printing papers used were certified to follow the between AACOM and the colleges
“Going Green” world environmental initiative. of osteopathic medicine. AACOM
would like to thank everyone who
provided and/or reviewed content.
10% Post-Consumer Waste
Although AACOM has attempted
to verify the accuracy of the data
submitted by the colleges, AACOM
Copyright ©2020 American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic cannot, as such, guarantee the
accuracy of the data and as such the
Medicine. All Rights Reserved.
information in this book is provided
to you “as is.” AACOM assumes no
responsibility and shall not be liable
for damages of any kind whatsoever
based upon your use or reliance
on the information provided in this
book. The AACOM Application
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any Service (AACOMAS) and the
form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, individual colleges are subject to
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without applicable federal, state, and local
written permission from the American Association of Colleges of laws prohibiting discrimination.
Osteopathic Medicine.
Cover photos courtesy of University of New England College of
Osteopathic Medicine (UNE COM).
2020-2021 Student Guide to Osteopathic Medical Colleges
Choose DO is an effort by the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, a
national organization representing osteopathic medical education in the United States.
The information contained in this publication is subject to change throughout the application
cycle. To view the most up-to-date version of this publication, visit ChooseDO.org.
CHOOSEDO.ORG
Facebook “f ” Logo CMYK / .eps Facebook “f ” Logo CMYK / .eps
Photo courtesy of PCOM Georgia. ii CHOOSE DO A NEW GENERATION OF DOCTORS
Photo courtesy of Nova Southeastern University
Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine (NSU-KPCOM)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Welcome Letter from AACOM’s President ........................................................... 3 General Admission Requirements..................................................................... 16-17
Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine – Admissions Offices................................ 4-5 • Mean Grade Point Averages for Entering Students
Timeline: Prepare to Apply to Osteopathic Medical Colleges ....................6-9 • Mean MCAT Scores for Entering Students
Overview of Osteopathic Medicine ..................................................................10-11 • Letters of Recommendation
• Osteopathic Medicine is a Distinctive Form of Medicine • Criminal Background Checks and Drug Testing
• DOs Work in Partnership with Their Patients and Are Trained to Look Financial Aid................................................................................................................... 18
at the Whole Person • Federal Programs
• Fifty-Six Percent of All DOs Choose to Practice in the Primary Care • AACOM Scholarships
Disciplines of Family Practice, General Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics • AACOMAS Fee Waiver
• Osteopathic Medical Students Learn how Structure Influences Function Application Deadlines................................................................................................. 19
• DOs Conduct Clinical and Basic Science Research to Help Advance Diversity in Osteopathic Medical Education....................................................... 20
the Frontiers of Medicine About the AACOM Application Service (AACOMAS)...............................21-23
• Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine • Accessing the Application
• What Does a DO Do? • Official MCAT Scores
• Consider a Career in Osteopathic Medicine • Academic History and Transcripts
• Osteopathic Medicine in an International Context • SPAM Blocking and Technical Compatibility
• Learning About the Practice of Osteopathic Medicine and Shadowing a DO • Application Fees
Overview of Osteopathic Medical Education and Accreditation .......... 12-13 • Early Decision Program
• Accreditation • Application Traffic Guidelines
• Osteopathic Medicine Four-Year Curriculum • Applicant Protocol
Graduate Medical Education.................................................................................... 14 • AACOMAS Certification and Release Statements
• GME • Note to Applicants
• Osteopathic Recognition The Admissions Interview................................................................................... 24-25
• Residency Match • Interview Suggestions
Board Examinations and Licensure........................................................................ 15 • Interview Resources
• Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensure Exam (COMLEX-USA) Suggested Sources for More Information..................................................... 26-27
• United States Medical Licensure Examination (USMLE) Individual College Descriptions (with table of contents)............................28-70
2020-2021 STUDENT GUIDE TO OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGES 1
Photo courtesy of A.T. Still University School of
Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA)
2 CHOOSE DO A NEW GENERATION OF DOCTORS
AACOM
Leading Osteopathic Medical Education
PRESIDENT’S LETTER
Congratulations on your decision
to pursue a career in medicine!
I invite you to explore what it means to be an
osteopathic physician and to “Choose DO.”
Dear Future Physician:
Mission
This guide is designed to provide aspiring physicians with information about osteopathic The American Association of Colleges
medicine, the nation’s osteopathic medical colleges, applying to osteopathic medical school, of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM)
and other resources you may find helpful as you go through this process. leads and advocates for the osteopathic
Osteopathic medicine’s traditional principles and practice have been recognized as central to medical education community to improve
the nation’s health care system. Osteopathic tenets seek to improve the health care system the health of the public.
by embracing care of the whole person to help each live well. We rely upon our principles AACOM represents and advances
to champion the quality practice of medicine, balance human need and scientific evidence, the continuum of medical education by
promote a diverse practice community with shared values, and build a healthier society. supporting our member institutions as
Our values are patient-centered and health-oriented with a focus on preventive care. they educate the future physician
Osteopathic medical schools are educating the very physicians needed to deliver this kind workforce; increasing awareness of
of care. DOs (doctors of osteopathic medicine) enjoy a great amount of recognition for their osteopathic medical education and
excellence and contributions to the medical profession. osteopathic medicine; promoting
excellence in medical education, policy,
Over the past 10 years, the number of students applying to osteopathic medical schools has
research, and service; and fostering
nearly doubled. For the incoming class of 2020, more than 23,000 aspiring physicians applied
innovation and quality throughout
to become osteopathic medical students (compared to more than 12,600 in 2009-10).
medical education.
The education received by osteopathic medical students is rigorous and thorough. Incoming
DO students are required to have strong undergraduate science backgrounds, excellent About AACOM
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores, and must meet stringent admissions criteria. Founded in 1898 to support and
DO students participate in years of classroom, clinical, internship, and residency training assist the nation’s osteopathic medical
before they become board-certified physicians who are able to choose among the full range schools, AACOM represents all 36
of medical specialties and are licensed to practice medicine in every state in the U.S.—and in accredited colleges of osteopathic
more than 65 countries abroad. medicine—currently educating nearly
I hope you will take time to carefully review the resources available for you in this book and on 31,000 future physicians, 25 percent of
our website as you consider your options for medical education. I invite you to “Choose DO” all U.S. medical students—at 57 teaching
and apply to become an osteopathic physician, and wish you the very best in your pursuit of a locations in 33 U.S. states, as well as
fulfilling career in medicine. osteopathic graduate medical education
professionals and trainees at U.S.
medical centers, hospitals, clinics, and
health systems.
Robert A. Cain, DO, FACOI, FAODME
AACOM President and CEO www.aacom.org
American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
2020-2021 STUDENT GUIDE TO OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGES 3
COLLEGES
Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine – Admissions Offices
The American Osteopathic Association’s Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA)
accredits 36 colleges of osteopathic medicine offering instruction at 57 locations in 33 states.
Alabama College of Osteopathic Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine
Medicine (ACOM) (BCOM) (ICOM)
445 Health Sciences Blvd., Dothan, AL 36303 3501 Arrowhead Dr., Las Cruces, NM 88001 1404 E. Central Dr., Meridian, ID 83642
(334) 699-2266 (575) 674-2210 (208) 795-4266
www.acom.edu https://bcomnm.org www.idahocom.org
Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine of California Health Sciences University College Kansas City University of Medicine and
Midwestern University (AZCOM) of Osteopathic Medicine (CHSU-COM) Biosciences College of Osteopathic
19555 North 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85308 2500 Alluvial Avenue, Clovis, CA 93611 Medicine (KCU-COM)
Toll Free: (888) 247-9277 (559) 712-4222 Locations: Kansas City and Joplin, MO
(623) 572-3215 https://osteopathic.chsu.edu 1750 Independence Ave., Kansas City, MO 64106
www.midwestern.edu (816) 654-7160
Campbell University-Jerry M. Wallace
www.kcumb.edu
Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine School of Osteopathic Medicine (CUSOM)
(ARCOM) 4350 US Hwy 421, Lillington, NC 27546
Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine
7000 Chad Colley Blvd., Fort Smith, AR 72916 Toll Free: (855) 287-6613
(LECOM)
(479) 308-2200 (910) 893-1770
Locations: Erie and Seton Hill, PA; Elmira, NY
www.acheedu.org/arcom/ https://medicine.campbell.edu
1858 West Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA 16509
A.T. Still University Kirksville College of Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine of (814) 866-6641
Osteopathic Medicine (ATSU-KCOM) Midwestern University (CCOM) www.lecom.edu
800 West Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO 63501 555 31st St., Downers Grove, IL 60515
Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine
Toll Free: (866) 626-2878 x2237 Toll Free: (800) 458-6253
Bradenton Campus (LECOM Bradenton)
(660) 626-2237 (630) 515-7200
5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd., Bradenton, FL 34211
www.atsu.edu/ www.midwestern.edu
(941) 756-0690
kirksville-college-of-osteopathic-medicine
Des Moines University College of www.lecom.edu
A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Osteopathic Medicine (DMU-COM)
Liberty University College of Osteopathic
Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA) 3200 Grand Ave., Des Moines, IA 50312
Medicine (LUCOM)
5850 East Still Cir., Mesa, AZ 85206 (515) 271-1499
306 Liberty View Ln., Lynchburg, VA 24502
Toll Free: (866) 626-2878 x2237 www.dmu.edu/do
(434) 592-7444
www.atsu.edu/
www.liberty.edu/lucom
school-of-osteopathic-medicine-arizona
4 CHOOSE DO A NEW GENERATION OF DOCTORS
Lincoln Memorial University–DeBusk Philadelphia College of Osteopathic University of North Texas Health Science
College of Osteopathic Medicine Medicine (PCOM) Center at Fort Worth/Texas College of
(LMU-DCOM) 4170 City Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19131 Osteopathic Medicine (UNTHSC/TCOM)
Locations: Harrogate and Knoxville, TN (215) 871-6700 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107
6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752 www.pcom.edu Toll Free: (800) 535-TCOM (8266)
Toll Free: (800) 325-0900 (817) 735-2204
PCOM Georgia
(423) 869-7090 www.unthsc.edu/
625 Old Peachtree Rd., NW, Suwanee, GA 30024
www.lmunet.edu/
(678) 225-7500 University of Pikeville–Kentucky College of
debusk-college-of-osteopathic-medicine/
www.pcom.edu/campuses/georgia-campus Osteopathic Medicine (UP-KYCOM)
Marian University College of Osteopathic 147 Sycamore St., Pikeville, KY 41501
PCOM South Georgia
Medicine (MU-COM) (606) 218-5257
2050 Tallokas Rd., Moultrie, GA 31768
3200 Cold Spring Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46222 www.upike.edu/osteopathic-medicine
(229) 668-3162
(317) 955-6183
www.pcom.edu/south-georgia/
www.marian.edu/osteopathic-medical-school/ Edward Via College of Osteopathic
Rocky Vista University College of Medicine–Auburn Campus (VCOM-Auburn)
Michigan State University College of
Osteopathic Medicine (RVUCOM) 910 South Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36832
Osteopathic Medicine (MSUCOM)
Locations: Parker, CO and Ivins, UT (334) 442-4050
Locations: East Lansing, Detroit, and
8401 S. Chambers Rd., Parker, CO 80134 www.vcom.edu/auburn
Clinton Township, MI
(720) 874-2477
965 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824
www.rvu.edu Edward Via College of Osteopathic
(517) 353-7740
Medicine–Carolinas Campus
www.com.msu.edu
Rowan University School of Osteopathic (VCOM-Carolinas)
New York Institute of Technology College of Medicine (RowanSOM) 350 Howard St., Spartanburg, SC 29303
Osteopathic Medicine (NYITCOM) One Medical Center Dr., Stratford, NJ 08084 (864) 327-9906
Locations: Old Westbury, NY and Jonesboro, AR (856) 566-7050 www.vcom.edu/carolinas
Northern Blvd., P.O. Box 8000 https://som.rowan.edu
Edward Via College of Osteopathic
Old Westbury, NY 11568
Sam Houston State University College of Medicine–Louisiana Campus
(516) 686-3997
Osteopathic Medicine (SHSU-COM) (VCOM-Louisiana)
www.nyit.edu/medicine
925 City Central Ave., Conroe, TX 77304 4408 Bon Aire Drive, Monroe, LA 71203
Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran (936) 294-2356 (318) 342-7131
C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine www.shsu.edu/com www.vcom.edu/louisiana
(NSU-KPCOM)
Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine Edward Via College of Osteopathic
Locations: Fort Lauderdale and Clearwater, FL
(TouroCOM) Medicine–Virginia Campus (VCOM-Virginia)
3200 S. University Dr., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328
Locations: New York City and Middletown, NY 2265 Kraft Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24060
Toll Free: (866) 817-4068
2090 Adam Clayton Powell Blvd., Suite 519, (540) 231-6138
(954) 262-1101
New York, NY 10027 www.vcom.edu/virginia
https://osteopathic.nova.edu
(212) 851-1199, x. 42588 or 42589
West Virginia School of Osteopathic
Ohio University Heritage College of https://tourocom.touro.edu/
Medicine (WVSOM)
Osteopathic Medicine (OU-HCOM)
Touro University College of Osteopathic 400 Lee St. North, Lewisburg, WV 24901
Locations: Athens, Cleveland, and Dublin, OH
Medicine–California (TUCOM-CA) Toll Free: (800) 356-7836 or (888) 276-7836
102 Grosvenor Hall, 1 Ohio University
1310 Club Dr., Vallejo, CA 94592 www.wvsom.edu
Athens, OH 45701
(707) 638-5200
Toll Free: (800) 345-1560 Western University of Health Sciences/
http://com.tu.edu
(740) 593-4313 College of Osteopathic Medicine of the
www.ohio.edu/medicine Touro University Nevada College of Pacific (Western U/COMP)
Osteopathic Medicine (TUNCOM) Locations: Pomona, CA and Lebanon, OR
Oklahoma State University Center for Health
874 American Pacific Dr., Henderson, NV 89014 309 East Second St., Pomona, CA 91766
Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine
(702) 777-1750 (909) 469-5335
(OSU-COM)
www.tun.touro.edu/programs/osteopathic-medicine Lebanon: (541) 259-0200
Locations: Tulsa and Tahlequah, OK
www.westernu.edu/osteopathic
1111 West 17th St., Tulsa, OK 74107 University of the Incarnate Word School of
(918) 561-8324 Osteopathic Medicine (UIWSOM) William Carey University College of
https://health.okstate.edu/com 7615 Kennedy Hill, San Antonio, TX 78235 Osteopathic Medicine (WCUCOM)
(210) 283-6998 710 William Carey Pkwy., Hattiesburg, MS 39401
Pacific Northwest University of Health
https://osteopathic-medicine.uiw.edu (601) 318-6316
Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine
www.wmcarey.edu/com
(PNWU-COM)
University of New England College of
200 University Pkwy., Butler-Haney Hall,
Osteopathic Medicine (UNE COM)
Yakima, WA 98901
11 Hills Beach Rd., Stella Maris Hall,
(509) 249-7888
Biddeford, ME 04005
www.pnwu.edu
(207) 602-2212
www.une.edu/com
2020-2021 STUDENT GUIDE TO OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGES 5
TIMELINE
Prepare to Apply to Osteopathic Medical Colleges
This timeline assumes you plan to start medical school in the summer/fall following your college graduation, and that you will complete your
undergraduate education in four years. Recommendations for post-college are included at the bottom of this timeline if you wish to take a gap year
or different undergraduate path. Please consult with your health professions advisor to establish your own personalized schedule.
Premedical Student Checklist
Pre- Year One Year Two Year Three Year Four Post-
College College
Pre-College • Learn more about the osteopathic medical profession and
philosophy by reading books, researching online, etc. Sign up to
• Meet with your high school counselor to discuss pursuing a health
receive The DO (https://thedo.osteopathic.org ) and other health
professions career and create an academic plan.
related resources.
• If your high school offers a pre-health track, work with your
• Review the Choose DO website (https://choosedo.org) and Choose
counselor to enroll in the courses.
DO Explorer (https://choosedo.org/explorer) to assist with your
• Take Advanced Placement (AP) math and science classes to medical school research.
prepare for more difficult college level coursework.
• Begin researching medical schools online. Focus on admissions
• Take elective classes that help develop a background in the health requirements and average entering student statistics (average GPA,
professions and strong communication skills. MCAT, etc.).
• Maintain a competitive GPA. • Attend recruitment events (https://choosedo.org/events/) and visit
• Develop strong time-management and study skills. medical school campuses.
• Volunteer with health-related organizations (hospitals, the American • Join online mailing lists of programs of interest and start following
Red Cross, nursing homes, hospices, etc.). them on social media.
• Request assistance from your high school counselor, family • Get involved in pre-health organizations and extracurricular
members, or family physicians to schedule job shadowing activities on campus. Keep records of your experiences.
opportunities. • Join or start a Pre-Student Osteopathic Medical Association
• Research health professions career opportunities through (Pre-SOMA) (https://studentdo.org/pre-soma/) chapter at your college.
explorehealthcareers.org (https://explorehealthcareers.org). • Work to develop a relationship with your science faculty members by
• Research and attend summer health programs offered by colleges. visiting during office hours, participating in extracurricular activities, etc.
• Join or develop a student organization that is geared toward a health • Begin to gain clinical experience in health care fields through
professions career. shadowing, volunteering, employment (CNA, EMT, etc.), and
internship opportunities. Keep records of your experiences.
• Join or start a local chapter of HOSA (www.hosa.org).
• Look for opportunities to shadow physicians in clinical settings and
Year One keep records of your experiences. Request assistance through a
• Meet with your university’s health professions advisor to discuss an health professions advisor. Find DOs specifically at doctorsthatdo.org.
overall premedical curriculum. If your college does not have a health • Talk with upperclassmen about how they gained experiences in
professions advisor, view resources at the National Association of the health professions or about their medical school application
Advisors for the Health Professions process.
(www.naahp.org/student-resources/find-an-advisor).
• Start taking prerequisite coursework, which typically begins with the Year Two
Biology and/or the Inorganic Chemistry sequence. • Meet with your health professions advisor to discuss current
coursework and activities, and begin thinking about preparation for
• Maintain a competitive GPA and reach out to on-campus academic
the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT).
resources, such as the tutoring center, for assistance.
(See General Admissions Requirements • Maintain a competitive GPA and reach out to on-campus academic
https://choosedo.org/general-admission-requirements/ for the resources, such as the tutoring center, for assistance.
average GPA for entering students.) (See General Admissions Requirements
(https://choosedo.org/general-admission-requirements/) for the
• Develop strong study skills by forming study groups and using
average GPA for entering students).
on-campus academic resources.
6 CHOOSE DO A NEW GENERATION OF DOCTORSPhoto courtesy of Western University
of Health Sciences/ College of Osteopathic
Medicine of the Pacific (Western U/COMP)
• Continue to keep records of extracurricular and clinical
• Begin researching the cost of applying to osteopathic medical
experiences.
school. Keep in mind that the average applicant applies to nine
colleges of osteopathic medicine.
Year Three – Fall
• Attend recruitment events (https://choosedo.org/events/) and visit
• Meet with your health professions advisor about evaluations/letters
medical school campuses.
of recommendation. Inquire about the availability of a pre-health
• Attend health professions fairs in your area to learn more about committee.
schools of interest.
• Begin serious preparation for the MCAT exam, which is offered
• Stay involved in pre-health organizations and get involved in between January and September each year. Utilize the Association
community service—seek leadership opportunities. of American Medical College (AAMC)’s MCAT prep resources
• Join or start a Pre-SOMA (https://studentdo.org/pre-soma/) (https://students-residents.aamc.org/applying-medical-school/
chapter at your college. taking-mcat-exam/prepare-mcat-exam/) for official guidance.
• Determine requirements of evaluations/letters of recommendation • Attend recruitment events (https://choosedo.org/events/) and visit
for each program of interest and build relationships with professors, medical school campuses to meet with admissions counselors or
advisors, and medical professionals. They are future resources for attend an open house.
evaluations/letters of recommendation. • Stay involved in pre-health organizations, volunteer experiences,
• Work on your communications skills through public speaking and extracurricular activities, especially those that focus on helping
courses and leadership opportunities. underserved populations.
• Look for opportunities to shadow physicians in clinical settings. • Keep in touch with individuals who might write an evaluation/letter
of recommendation.
• Investigate participating in undergraduate research. This can take
several months to coordinate. • Pursue and complete research opportunities.
• Research summer health care opportunities (work, education • Set aside time to work on your personal statement. Revisit and
abroad, internship, etc.). rework the statement over an extended period. It is highly
recommended that you work with your university’s writing center
• Continue prerequisite coursework.
for assistance.
• Continue researching medical schools online by reviewing admissions
• Research and plan how you will pay the application fees to apply to
requirements and average entering student statistics (GPA, MCAT, etc.).
medical school. Keep in mind that the average AACOMAS applicant
• Continue to gain clinical experiences through shadowing, volunteer- applies to nine colleges of osteopathic medicine.
ing, employment (CNA, EMT, etc.), and internship opportunities.
2020-2021 STUDENT GUIDE TO OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGES 7TIMELINE
Photo courtesy of Marian University College
of Osteopathic Medicine (MU-COM)
8 CHOOSE DO A NEW GENERATION OF DOCTORS• Continue prerequisite coursework. • Submit secondary application materials upon receipt.
• Continue maintaining a competitive GPA and reach out to • Use the Check Status tab in AACOMAS to monitor your application.
on-campus academic resources, like the tutoring center, for • Meet with your health professions advisor or career center to work
assistance. (See General Admissions Requirements on interview skills. If possible, complete a mock interview.
(https://choosedo.org/general-admission-requirements/) for
the average GPA for entering students.) Year Four
• Continue researching medical schools online by reviewing • If invited, participate in interviews at medical schools.
admissions requirements, average entering student statistics (i.e.,
GPA, MCAT, ideal applicant), and mission and vision statements. • Complete prerequisite coursework. Continue to include upper-level
science courses.
• Continue to gain clinical experiences through shadowing,
volunteering, employment (CNA, EMT, scribe, etc.), and internship • Maintain a competitive GPA. (See General Admissions
opportunities. Requirements (https://choosedo.org/general-admission-
requirements/) for the average GPA for entering students.)
Year Three – Spring • Continue to gain additional clinical and/or research experience.
• Meet with your health professions advisor to review the details of • Stay involved in pre-health organizations and volunteer activities.
your application.
• Use the Check Status tab in AACOMAS to monitor your application.
• Take the MCAT exam.
• Share news of upcoming interviews and acceptances and thank
• Stay involved in pre-health extracurricular activities. those who helped along the way—health professions advisors,
• Contact the individuals who will be writing evaluations/letters of professors, physicians, family, and friends.
recommendation for you. Give them plenty of time (at least four to • Complete the AACOMAS Academic Update in early December to
six weeks) to write a quality evaluation/letter of recommendation. submit fall coursework.
• Research medical schools that interest you. Contact each school to • Consider post-application plans, whether you are accepted or not.
inquire about their specific admissions criteria and schedule a time Think about what you will do between the time you are accepted
to visit their campus. (See a schedule of College Recruiting Events and begin school or the steps you will take should you need to
https://choosedo.org/events/). reapply.
• Review the Choose DO website (https://choosedo.org) and Choose • Complete the FAFSA application for financial aid when it becomes
DO Explorer (https://choosedo.org/explorer) to assist with your available in the fall.
medical school research.
• If you are not accepted or invited to an interview, contact the
• Make a list of the medical schools to which you plan to apply and use schools where you applied to request formal feedback on how to be
the Choose DO Explorer (https://choosedo.org/explorer) to do so. more competitive should you reapply.
• Start the AACOMAS (https://aacomas.liaisoncas.com) application • Explore next steps to increase your competitiveness. These steps
process in May. may include gaining additional clinical experience, retaking the
• Submit your application when you are ready; earlier is better but MCAT exam, enrolling in a master’s program or postbaccalaureate
complete/accurate is best. certificate program (https://choosedo.org/postbaccalaureate-
premedical-programs/), taking additional upper-level science
• Continue prerequisite coursework. If possible, enroll in upper-level courses, and reapplying for admission.
sciences courses, such as Biochemistry and/or Gross Anatomy.
• Continue to gain clinical experiences by shadowing or volunteering, Post-College (Gap Year or
employment (EMT, scribe, etc.). Non-Traditional Career Changer)
Year Three – Summer • Speak with programs of interest for guidance on the best path to
strengthen your application.
• Apply to AACOMAS (https://aacomas.liaisoncas.com). Apply
early and read all application directions carefully to avoid delays. • Meet with a health professions advisor to gain insight into your
Application processing begins in June. Colleges of osteopathic competitiveness for medical school or your career goals.
medicine make admissions decisions on a rolling basis, so they • Take additional courses if prerequisite courses are more than five
review applications, conduct interviews, and make admissions years old or to strengthen your background in science.
decisions throughout the admissions cycle. Keep in mind that • Gain additional clinical experience to strengthen your background in the
interview slots may be awarded and/or classes may be filled if health professions and to confirm your desire to go to medical school.
you apply close to the deadlines. Submitting materials early and
accurately will support timely processing and help avoid delays. • Retake the MCAT exam if your scores are older than three years or
older than allowed by programs of interest.
• Work with evaluators to submit evaluations/letters of
recommendation.
• Order all official transcripts and have them submitted to AACOMAS.
• Release MCAT scores to AACOMAS electronically using the
AAMC’s MCAT Score Reporting System.
2020-2021 STUDENT GUIDE TO OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGES 9OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Overview of Osteopathic Medicine
n Osteopathic Medicine is a There are more than 114,000 DOs in and clinical outcomes of OMM. The center
Distinctive Form of Medicine the United States.2 DOs boast a strong serves as a catalyst for developing and
history of serving rural and underserved conducting multicenter, collaborative clinical
Osteopathic medicine is a distinct pathway areas, often providing their distinctive research studies. Their present focus is on
to medical practice in the United States. brand of compassionate, patient-centered developing a registry to study chronic pain in
Osteopathic medicine provides all of the care to some of the most economically the United States and to assess prevention
benefits of modern medicine, including disadvantaged members of our society. and treatment options based on emerging
prescription drugs, surgery, and the use of aspects of Precision Medicine and the
technology to diagnose disease and evaluate n Osteopathic Medical Students biopsychosocial model.
injury. It also offers the added benefit of Learn how Structure Influences
hands-on diagnosis and treatment through a See more information about osteopathic
Function medicine (https://choosedo.org/learn-
system known as osteopathic manipulative
medicine (OMM). Osteopathic medicine about-osteopathic-medicine/).
In addition to studying all the typical subjects
emphasizes helping each person achieve a you would expect student physicians to
high level of wellness by focusing on health
n Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine
master, osteopathic medical students
promotion and disease prevention. complete approximately 200 hours of The American Osteopathic Association’s
training in osteopathic manipulative House of Delegates approved the “Tenets
n DOs Work in Partnership With medicine. This system of hands-on diagnosis of Osteopathic Medicine” as policy, which
Their Patients and Are Trained to and treatment helps alleviate pain, restore follows the underlying philosophy of
Look at the Whole Person motion, and support the body’s natural osteopathic medicine.3 The tenets are:
They consider the impact that lifestyle structure to help it function more efficiently. 1. The body is a unit; the person is a unit of
and community have on the health of each One key concept osteopathic medical body, mind, and spirit.
individual, and they work to erase barriers students learn is that structure influences 2. The body is capable of self-regulation,
to good health. DOs are licensed to function: If there is a problem in one part of self-healing, and health maintenance.
practice the full scope of medicine in all 50 the body’s structure, function in that area
states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, 3. Structure and function are reciprocally
and in other areas may be affected. For
and other territories of the United States, as interrelated.
example, restriction of motion in the lower
well as in more than 65 countries abroad.1 ankle can restrict motion in the knee, hip, and 4. Rational treatment is based upon an
They practice in all types of environments, lumbar spine, causing symptoms elsewhere understanding of the basic principles
including the military, and in all specialties, in the body. By using OMM techniques, DOs of body unity, self-regulation, and
including family medicine, obstetrics, can help restore motion to these areas and the interrelationship of structure and
surgery, and cardiology. eliminate pain. function.
From their first day of medical school, DOs Another integral tenet of osteopathic
are trained to look at the whole person,
n What Does a DO Do?
medicine is that the body has an innate ability
which means they see each person as to heal itself. Many OMM techniques are • Throughout the country, DOs practice the
more than just a collection of body parts aimed at reducing or eliminating impediments full scope of medicine in all specialties
that may become injured or diseased. DOs to proper structure and function so that this of the medical field, from pediatrics and
are taught that the whole person is greater self-healing mechanism can assume its role in geriatrics to sports medicine and trauma
than the sum of his or her parts, and that restoring a patient’s health. surgery.
patients should be treated as partners in • DOs receive the same medical training as
the health care process. They are trained n DOs Conduct Clinical and Basic other physicians, as well as 200 additional
to communicate with people from diverse Science Research to Help Advance hours of OMM training. OMM is a hands-
backgrounds, and they are given the the Frontiers of Medicine on approach to diagnose and treat illness
opportunity to practice these skills in the and injury.
In addition to their strong history of providing
classroom and a variety of other settings.
high-quality patient care, DOs conduct • OMM has been proven to be effective in
n 56 Percent of all DOs Choose clinical and basic science research to help treating a variety of injuries and illnesses.
advance the frontiers of medicine and to For example, the use of OMM in treating
to Practice in the Primary Care
demonstrate the effectiveness of the patients with pneumonia has been found
Disciplines of Family Practice, osteopathic approach to patient care. to shorten the length of hospital stays and
General Internal Medicine, and Founded in 2002, the Osteopathic Research reduce complications associated with
Pediatrics. Center (ORC) (www.unthsc.edu/texas- pneumonia.
Because of their whole-person approach to college-of-osteopathic-medicine/tcom-
• DOs are trained to focus on the whole
medicine, 56 percent of all DOs choose to research/the-osteopathic-research-center/)
person, working with patients to achieve
practice in the primary care disciplines of in Fort Worth, TX, serves as a professional
high levels of wellness and disease
family practice, general internal medicine, and research center for osteopathic medicine,
prevention.
pediatrics. The remaining 44 percent go on to including researching the mechanisms
specialize in any number of practice areas.2
10 CHOOSE DO A NEW GENERATION OF DOCTORSn Consider a Career in DOCARE International (https://docareintl.org) • The American Osteopathic Association
Osteopathic Medicine is a medical outreach organization that provides (AOA) membership office. The AOA
care in underserved areas throughout the world. maintains an online national directory of
Do you want to be the type of physician who practicing DOs. A locality search will give
sees your patient as more than a symptom Admissions policies at U.S. osteopathic medical
colleges vary with regard to applicants who are you contact information and in many cases
or disease? Do you want to be the kind of will link you to your state’s osteopathic
physician who gets involved in his or her neither U.S. citizens nor hold permanent resident
status in the United States. The International association website.
community and who spends time getting to
know his or her patients as people? Are you Students page lists schools that will consider • State osteopathic associations. Many of
the kind of person who is compassionate applicants who are not U.S. citizens. the state associations compile lists of their
and enjoys meeting and getting to know a (https://choosedo.org/international-students/) members who have indicated an interest
diverse range of people from many different Prospective applicants to osteopathic medical in having prospective osteopathic medical
backgrounds and socioeconomic groups? colleges should consider that in the typically students shadow them.
Are you the kind of person who has solid seven-plus years between entering medical • Your college’s health professions advisor.
communication skills and a healing touch? school and going into practice, the conditions • Your college’s Pre-Student Osteopathic
If you answered “yes” to some or all of these and regulations on practice outside the Medical Association Pre-SOMA) chapter
questions, osteopathic medicine may be a United States may change significantly. (https://studentdo.org/pre-soma/).
good career option for you.
Prospective osteopathic physicians can • Once you have found a doctor near you,
Generally, osteopathic medical schools are participate in overseas medical missions call or send the doctor a letter. (Remember,
looking for a variety of personal qualities in and volunteer work. Participation in such most doctors are very busy, so please be
the applicants they admit to their schools programs is generally arranged by the understanding if you cannot speak directly
and, ultimately, to the osteopathic profession. sponsoring organization, and U.S. physicians to the DO.) If you explain your interest and
Osteopathic medical schools admit many —both DOs and MDs—have practice rights share your enthusiasm for the profession,
students from nontraditional backgrounds. extended to them while participating in many DOs will be delighted to host you for
Many of these students come to osteopathic these programs. Many osteopathic colleges a day or two. They will be able to show you
medicine as a second career and have a sponsor such programs, which may be open what they do so that you can decide if you
diverse set of experiences. to participation by their students, faculty, and want to study osteopathic medicine.
Osteopathic medical schools have admitted alumni.
Current osteopathic medical students are
students who have been administrators, man-
agers, or executives in business; attorneys;
n Learning About the Practice another good source of information about
of Osteopathic Medicine and osteopathic medical education, as are
professional musicians; newspaper reporters; the Pre-SOMA chapters on undergraduate
allied health care providers; and many others. Shadowing a DO
campuses. The colleges have student
Many of these students have families, and Colleges of osteopathic medicine (COMs) ambassador programs, alumni, student
some are single parents. encourage applicants to learn more about government leaders, and members of the
Admission to osteopathic medical school is the profession by identifying an osteopathic Student Osteopathic Medicine Associa-
competitive and selective. A person who is physician to shadow. Many of the colleges tion (SOMA), all of whom are eager to talk
well-rounded, has a broad background with the require applicants to get to know a DO and about their schools with prospective medical
qualities listed above, and has demonstrated request a letter of recommendation as part students.
academic excellence has the best chance for of the application process. Applicants should
meet with and spend time shadowing the For further information, contact the
admission to osteopathic medical school. admissions office at the schools in which
physician. This provides the applicant with
you are interested.
n Osteopathic Medicine in an exposure to the osteopathic profession and
International Context enhances awareness of osteopathic medical
philosophy. Working with a physician will
The practice of osteopathic medicine outside prepare the applicant for the application
of the United States varies. In more than interview. Completing this crucial step also
65 countries, DOs have full practice rights demonstrates the applicant’s commitment to
as they do in the United States. However, the osteopathic profession.
only U.S. DOs are trained as fully licensed
physicians. In some countries, DO training is Students should contact a DO before
concentrated on OMM, and practice rights applying for admission, beginning as early as 1
Source: American Osteopathic Association
are typically limited to manipulation. The possible while in undergraduate education.
(https://osteopathic.org)
most up-to-date information on this topic is The best ways for finding DOs are:
available from the Osteopathic International
2
Source: American Osteopathic Associa-
• Osteopathic college admissions and tion; 2018 Osteopathic Medical Profession
Alliance (https://oialliance.org) and the
alumni offices. Admissions and alumni Report (https://osteopathic.org/about/aoa-
American Osteopathic Association
officials at schools have many contacts in statistics/)
(https://osteopathic.org).
the osteopathic profession. Contact them,
Specific information about Canadian
3
Source: The Journal of the American Osteo-
and let them know that you are looking to
osteopathic medical practice is available from pathic Association (JAOA), February 2002,
shadow and learn more about becoming
the Canadian Osteopathic Association Vol. 102, 63-65 (https://jaoa.org/article.
a DO.
(www.osteopathic.ca). aspx?articleid=2092562)
2020-2021 STUDENT GUIDE TO OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGES 11OVERVIEW
Overview of Osteopathic Medical Education and Accreditation
Overview
Osteopathic medicine is a science-based
discipline with a strong philosophical
grounding that focuses on the whole person.
It follows the French and Italian model of
medical education, emphasizing examination
and understanding of the people being
cared for.
This is in contrast to MD-granting (allopathic)
medical schools, which are rooted in the
German model of education, emphasizing
laboratory-based evaluation of patients.
Nevertheless, osteopathic medical school
curricula are very similar to those used at
U.S. allopathic medical schools, although the
exact program varies by college.
Osteopathic medical school accreditation
standards require training in internal medicine, Photo courtesy of Marian University College
obstetrics/gynecology, pediatrics, family of Osteopathic Medicine (MU-COM)
practice, surgery, psychiatry, radiology,
preventive medicine, and public health.
Osteopathic medical schools emphasize a hands-on approach that is used to diagnose During the year preceding the graduation of
early clinical contact. While the first two years and treat people in a primary or adjunctive its first class, a pre-accreditation COM will
focus on the biomedical and clinical sciences, way, enhancing overall health and the holistic conduct various activities that will allow it to
the second two years delve deeper into functioning of the human body. OMM attain fully accredited status.
patient-oriented clinical training. Most schools education usually occurs through year-long
include time for elective courses as well. first- and second-year theoretical and skills Osteopathic Medicine
DO clinical education follows a distributive
courses and through subsequent clinical Four-Year Curriculum
experiences. OMM education is in addition
model wherein students are exposed to Each osteopathic medical school has its
to and integrated with medical training on
practicing in diverse health care settings. own curriculum. Some are discipline-based,
current and emerging theories and methods
Although in-hospital experiences are an focusing on each science separately. Others
of medical diagnosis and treatment.
important aspect of clinical education, allow students to learn through patient-based
osteopathic medical students receive For more information on osteopathic or problem-based learning. Many use a mix of
significant training in community hospitals as medicine, see the overview (https:// methods. Osteopathic medical school starts
well as out-of-hospital ambulatory settings. In choosedo.org/learn-about-osteopathic- with a foundation in the basic sciences of
many schools, a community-based primary medicine/). medicine. In addition, students learn a core
care rotation in a rural or underserved area is set of clinical examination skills and gain
a required aspect of fourth-year training. For Accreditation an understanding of the various systems of
information on each school’s curriculum, see Osteopathic medical schools are accredited the body. Lectures, laboratories, and other
the individual college pages on page 28. by the American Osteopathic Association learning experiences are designed to prepare
Although osteopathic medical education has Commission on Osteopathic College students for the clinical portion of medical
changed dramatically since its beginnings in Accreditation (COCA), recognized to accredit school—the clinical clerkship years.
1874, osteopathic medical schools maintain osteopathic medical education by the U.S. Integration of the basic and clinical sciences
the core values advanced by the profession’s Department of Education. Learn more here through early clinical exposure is an important
early proponents. These values are held as (https://osteopathic.org/accreditation/). part of the curriculum. While specific learning
central distinguishing tenets of osteopathic Many osteopathic medical schools are methods and curricular offerings vary from
philosophy and practice: providing care also accredited by a regional educational college to college, the chart on page 13
that is holistic, patient-centered, preventive, accrediting organization. provides a general guide to the material
and focused on health rather than disease, covered in the osteopathic medical school
delivered within a primary care context. New colleges of osteopathic medicine
curriculum. Please check with the college to
(COMs) hold pre-accreditation status during
The osteopathic medical school curriculum is which you are applying.
their first four years of student enrollment. A
perhaps most distinguished by the inclusion college holding pre-accreditation status may
of osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM), admit students and offer medical instruction.
12 CHOOSE DO A NEW GENERATION OF DOCTORSCore Clinical Other Clinical
Year 1 Year 2 Clerkships Clerkships
(Years 3 and 4) (Years 3 and 4)
Anatomy Gerontology Emergency Anesthesiology
Physiology Cardiology Medicine Cardiology
Clinical Skills Gastrointestinal Family Medicine Dermatology
Radiology System Internal Medicine Gastroenterology
Osteopathic Hematopoietic System Obstetrics & Laboratory Medicine
Principles & Osteopathic Principles Gynecology
Nephrology
Practices & Practices Osteopathic
Principles & Neurology
Microbiology & Pharmacology
Immunology Practices Oncology & Hematology
Endocrinology
Neuroscience Pediatrics Orthopedics
Psychiatry
Histology Psychiatry & Otorhinolaryngology
Respiratory Behavioral Science
Biochemistry Pediatric Subspecialties
Ethics & Surgery
Pathology Jurisprudence Public Health
Doctor/Patient Family Medicine Pulmonary Medicine
Communication Genitourinary System Radiology
Reproductive System Rural Medicine
Pediatrics/Growth & Surgical Subspecialties
Development Urology
Photo courtesy of A.T. Still University Kirksville
College of Osteopathic Medicine (ATSU-KCOM)
2020-2021 STUDENT
2020-2021 STUDENT GUIDE
GUIDE TO
TO OSTEOPATHIC
OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL
MEDICALCOLLEGES
COLLEGES 13
13GRADUATE
EDUCATION
Graduate Medical Education
An Overview of Graduate
Medical Education (GME) Osteopathic Physician (DO)
Medical Education Timeline
The education students receive in an
osteopathic medical school is undergraduate
medical education, and the subsequent Academic Degrees
training provided in a residency and fellowship • 4 years undergraduate study
program is graduate medical education (GME). (Bachelor’s degree)
After graduating from an osteopathic medical • 4 years osteopathic medical school
school, students seeking licensure continue (DO degree)
training in graduate training programs called
“residency,” the first year of which may be
Graduate Medical Education
called an “internship” or a “transitional year.”
Successful completion of a residency program • Complete training to become a physi-
is required for specialty board certification. cian includes supervised postdoctoral
graduate medical education (GME)
GME typically focuses on one field of
practice. Examples include family medicine,
pediatrics, emergency medicine, surgery, Board Certification/Licensure
preventive medicine, dermatology, radiology, • 3 – 7 years internship/residency
and others.
• 1 – 3 years specialty fellowship
As of June 30, 2020, the single GME
accreditation system under the Accreditation
Council for Graduate Medical Education
(ACGME) is established. With the single
GME accreditation system, GME programs
previously accredited by the American
Photo courtesy of Idaho College of
Osteopathic Association (AOA), are now
Osteopathic Medicine (ICOM)
accredited by the ACGME. As a result of this
new system, there will be significant changes
to GME that will ease the application and
participation process, as well as broaden
opportunities to participate in GME programs.
In pursuing GME, osteopathic medical school Residency Match
graduates can choose the following options:
Graduating osteopathic medical students
Osteopathic Recognition 1. Residency (Categorical): A graduate apply to hospitals and programs that offer
of a college of osteopathic medicine can their preferred GME programs. Applications
In the single GME accreditation system, match directly into a residency program to GME programs are administered through
osteopathic medical school graduates have and start specialty training. A “categorical” the Electronic Residency Application Service
the option to pursue ACGME programs with position is one that offers full residency (ERAS). Following interviews that provide
an osteopathic emphasis or programs with training required for board certification in students and programs with information
“Osteopathic Recognition” designation. Any that specialty. about each other, students submit their
ACGME-accredited program can apply to
2. Preliminary: The doctor of osteopathic choices, ranked from their first to last choice.
receive Osteopathic Recognition, which
medicine chooses to go into a specialty Programs also rank the applicants they would
indicates that osteopathic principles and
and will be in a first-year program that like to have working in their programs.
practices are integrated within the training
program. may be separate or linked to the specialty DO students typically enjoy a high rate of
training they will pursue. Some specialties placement into GME programs. The 2020
Osteopathic medical students can pursue will require a preliminary year. match is the first single match system admin-
programs with Osteopathic Recognition in
3. Transitional Year: A one-year training istered by the National Resident Matching
all the options below. Students can view an
program in multiple clinical disciplines Program (NRMP). This single system will
up-to-date list of programs with the ACGME
is designed to facilitate choice of and simplify the matching process for osteopathic
Osteopathic Recognition designation on the
preparation for a specific specialty. medical school students who previously could
ACGME’s website at https://apps.acgme.org/
participate in the AOA National Matching
ads/Public/Reports/Report/17. 4. Military GME
Service (NMS). A result of the new process
Learn more and keep up with changes on the 5. Fellowship: A graduate of a residency will be a shift in the way the match rate
transition to the single accreditation system at training program may choose to pursue percentage is reported, and AACOM will
www.aacom.org/singlegme. further training in a particular subspecialty. continue to provide details on these changes.
14 CHOOSE DO A NEW GENERATION OF DOCTORSEXAMS
Board Examinations and Licensure
Osteopathic physicians are licensed in all Many foreign countries recognize the U.S. DO clerkship training. Level 2-CE is taken during
50 states, the District of Columbia, other degree and grant full licensure to American- the clinical clerkship years prior to graduating
territories and areas of the United States, trained DOs who wish to practice internationally. from osteopathic medical school. COMLEX-
and many foreign countries. Licensure is The scope of licensure is determined by USA Level 2-PE is an examination developed
determined by each state through the each country. For more information, visit the to test physical examination skills and is also
appropriate licensing board. International Osteopathic Medicine page on taken prior to graduation. Level 3 is taken
To be licensed as an osteopathic physician, the AOA website (https://osteopathic.org). during GME.
one must: The COMLEX-USA Level 1 and 2 (CE and
Comprehensive PE) are required for graduation from an
• Graduate from an accredited U.S. college of
osteopathic medicine (COM)
Osteopathic Medical osteopathic medical college. Each of the
Licensure Exam osteopathic colleges has its own requirements
• Successfully complete a licensure exam
sequence accepted by a state’s licensing
(COMLEX-USA) for progression through the stages of the
COMLEX-USA before graduation.
board. The Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical
Licensure Exam (COMLEX-USA) is a All 50 states in the United States accept
• Successfully complete more than one year COMLEX-USA as a licensure exam for
of graduate medical education (GME), standardized test of medical knowledge. The
goal of the exam is to assess competency in the practice of medicine by osteopathic
depending on state licensure requirements. physicians. To learn more about the COMLEX-
the areas of knowledge related to practicing
• Stay abreast of the latest medical medicine. It tests the medical knowledge USA exam, please visit www.nbome.org.
developments related to their specialty and clinical skills that are considered essential
training through continuing medical for an osteopathic physician to practice United States Medical
education (CME) programs. CME medicine without supervision. The COMLEX- Licensure Examination
requirements are determined by each
state’s licensure board. The American
USA includes standardized test questions (USMLE)
and a pass/fail observed clinical examination
Osteopathic Association (AOA) also The United States Medical Licensure
performed by the student.
requires its members to complete a certain Examination (USMLE) is the standard
number of CME credits to maintain board The COMLEX-USA comprises Level 1, Level 2 examination for graduates of U.S. MD-granting
certification. CE and PE (Cognitive Evaluation and medical schools and graduates of international
Performance Evaluation), and Level 3. It is medical schools seeking to practice in the
For state-specific licensure information, visit administered by the National Board of United States. Osteopathic medical students
www.fsmb.org/fcvs/state-requirements/. Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME). and residents also are eligible to take the
Learn more about CME through the AOA The NBOME is independent from the colleges USMLE. The USMLE consists of Step One,
(https://osteopathic.org/cme/). of osteopathic medicine and has as its role Step Two CK and CS (Clinical Knowledge and
the protection of the public. Clinical Skills), and Step Three.
Find information on osteopathic specialties and
subspecialties certification (https://osteopathic. Level I of the exam is taken by the end of the To learn more about the USMLE exam, please
org/life-career/aoa-board-certification). second year of medical school prior to the visit www.usmle.org.
Photo courtesy of Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine (LUCOM)
2020-2021 STUDENT GUIDE TO OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGES 15You can also read
