3RP COUNTRY CHAPTER 2019/2020 - TURKEY - Situations
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3RP COUNTRY CHAPTER 2019/2020 TURKEY
TURKEY Cover Photo: IOM / Muse Mohammed Design Credit: UNHCR / Julia Klement UNHCR / Özgür Savaşcıoğlu For further information, please visit: Photo: www.3rpsyriacrisis.org UNHCR / E. Gürel 2
TURKEY | Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2019-2020
CONTENT
Current Situation 5
Needs 7
Response 9
Social Protection 10
Durable Solutions Strategy 11
Partnerships and Coordination 12
Accountability Framework 13
Protection Sector response 14
Food Security and Agriculture Sector response 30
Education Sector response 44
Health Sector response 58
Basic Needs Sector response 72
Livelihoods Sector response 84
Country Requirments Summary (by Agency) 96
List of 3RP partners 97
3
Photo:
UNDP / Mustafa Bilge Satkın
4
TURKEY | Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2019-2020
CURRENT
SITUATION
Turkey is home to the largest refugee Current prospects and sustainability of Turkey, thanks to the Law on Foreigners
population in the world. During 2018, voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation and International Protection3, as well
the number of Syrians under temporary to Syria remain challenged by persisting as the Temporary Protection Regulation
protection reached 3.6 million1, almost obstacles to return, such as insecurity, adopted on the basis of the law, continues
half of whom are children. Only around housing, land, and property issues, and to provide Syrian refugees with access to
four per cent of Syrians live in the 13 ongoing displacement within the country national systems such as health, education,
official Temporary Accommodation due to violence. Syrians under temporary employment and social services. The 3RP
Centres2, while 96 per cent reside among protection who make a free and informed has been developed within this framework
the host community in urban, peri-urban choice to return are processed under and will support the Government of Turkey
and rural areas. The majority of Syrians voluntary return procedures regulated in implementing it.
under temporary protection live in the by Turkey’s legal framework. Monitoring
southeast of Turkey. However, substantial movements back to Syria remains a priority The Temporary Protection Regulation4
populations are also found in large cities of for the Government and 3RP partners allows Syrians to access health care under
Turkey such as Istanbul, Izmir and Ankara. alike. However it is not expected that the the same premises as Turkish nationals.
In Istanbul alone, it is estimated that there numbers will increase to a level that will Over time, local hospitals scaled up to
are over 500,000 Syrians under temporary have a significant impact on the planning respond to the most acute needs but areas
protection, making it the largest refugee- figures for 2019. Support to Syrians under hosting large numbers of Syrians faced high
hosting city in Turkey. In addition, there temporary protection as well as the demands on resources and ultimately the
are significant numbers of Syrians under communities who host them thus remains quality of services was impacted. The health
temporary protection in cities such as a priority for 2019. sector worked to expand health services for
Hatay, Mersin, Adana and Konya. Syrians under temporary protection through
The Government of Turkey has shouldered the integration of Syrian health personnel
In 2018, the Government of Turkey decided the bulk of the financial burden of the working alongside Turkish doctors and
to consolidate and close a number of refugee response in Turkey. According to nurses in migrant health centres and units.
Temporary Accommodation Centres (TACs). the latest estimates, the Government of These migrant health centres operate
Six have been closed so far. According to Turkey has invested more than US$ 37 as part of the Turkish community health
their preferences, the population residing in billion in hosting Syrians under temporary centres system and provide a network of
these centres relocated to urban locations protection. With the crisis in Syria continuing primary health care services that alleviate
or to other Temporary Accommodation and the refugee situation remaining the pressures placed on hospitals. Through
Centres. As a result of the relocation process, increasingly protracted, Turkey is calling the opening of 151 out of 179 planned
some 45,000 Syrian and a number of Iraqi for increased international responsibility migrant health centres, access to health
nationals have moved to provinces located sharing to ensure that the needs of Syrians care has continued to increase by reducing
predominantly in the southeast of Turkey. under temporary protection and the host language barriers and increasing human
The majority have opted for settling in communities are met. resource capacity and the threats to quality
host communities and staying in provinces reduction have slowed down.
where their Temporary Accommodation The 3RP works in support of this investment
Centres were. This is an important step and is complementary to support provided Similar advancements are seen in the
towards a reduction in dependency on by development partners such as the education sector with the Ministry of
assistance and a positive development in international financial institutions (IFIs). National Education (MoNE) continuing to
addressing specific vulnerabilities caused Since its introduction in 2015, US$ 2.83 promote the inclusion of Syrians under
by displacement. billion have been received through the 3RP temporary protection in the national
for the Turkey response. Available data education system. More than 646,000
Unless significant developments occur in shows that US$ 3.5 billion have been made Syrian children of school age (5-17 years)
Syria, it is assumed that the current number available in support to public institutions are enrolled in formal education and just
of Syrians under temporary protection will for the refugee response since the start over 20,000 students are attending tertiary
remain relatively stable. The Government of 2017 through the 3RP, international education. Syrian volunteer education
of Turkey maintains its open door policy financial institutions and bilateral support. personnel continue to play a key role in
towards Syrians, while continuing the strict This includes support to municipalities, the education of Syrian children. Socio-
management of the borders in response the public health, education and social economic factors have a marked effect
to security concerns. Self-organized, service system as well as ISKUR, the Turkish on school enrolment, attendance and
spontaneous returns are expected to employment agency. retention. The Conditional Cash Transfer for
continue.
1 Directorate General of Migration Management, http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik3/gecici-koruma_363_378_4713
)access date: 04/01/2019(
2 Directorate General of Migration Management, October 2018
3 Law no. 6458 on Foreigners and International Protection, O.J. no. 28615 (dated 11.04.2013)
4 Temporary Protection Regulation, O.J. no. 29153 (dated 22.10.2014)
5
Photo:
UNHCR / E.UNHCR/
Gurel Emrah Gürel
Education (CCTE) programme, the provision The Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) is between 2016 and 2018 tripled in value
of subsidized school transportation and a multi-purpose cash assistance scheme from US$ 8M in 2016 to 25M for 2018-2019.
other complementary services such as the for the most vulnerable Syrians under
provision of dorms all help to address some temporary protection to cover essential In addition to access to health, education,
of these barriers. The CCTE programme needs like food, rent and utilities. Since social and municipal services, the legal
aims to promote regular school attendance the inception of the ESSN in 2016, over framework also grants Syrians under
and provides higher cash amounts for girls 1.44 million vulnerable individuals have temporary protection access to the labour
and for secondary school students enrolled benefited from the programme as of October market and employment services. In
in formal education. The programme has 2018. The ESSN, when combined with other January 2016, the Regulation on Work
taken a unique approach integrating social complementary cash-based assistance Permits of Refugees under Temporary
protection, child protection, education, interventions, supported over 1.5 million Protection (hereafter Work Permit
social cohesion and sustainability Syrians under temporary protection with Regulation) was adopted, granting all
components. cash transfers aligned with the national beneficiaries of temporary protection the
social welfare system. In addition, the right to apply for work permits and access
People with specific needs, in particular expansion of the national CCTE programme to formal employment. This is expected
women and children at risk, continue to to include all refugee children in 2017 was to enable an increasing number of Syrians
be a priority for the 3RP. 3RP partners have a significant achievement and during the under temporary protection to become
worked to strengthen capacities to provide 2017/2018 school year, 368,0905 Syrian more self-reliant and resilient. As of 31
targeted protection assistance, including children (61 per cent of those enrolled) October 2018, a total of 60,822 work permits
in preventing and responding to Gender benefited from the CCTE programme. The have been issued to Syrian nationals (of
Based Violence (GBV), providing protection CCTE programme also includes a strategic which 32,199 are granted to Syrians under
responses and psychosocial support to child protection component to ensure temporary protection), while the rest are
children and supporting Syrians under the continued school enrolment and Syrian nationals who have a residence
temporary protection in accessing legal and attendance of the most vulnerable refugee permit)6. Syrians under temporary
other specialized services. The expansion children as well as their referral to child protection are mainly engaged in the
of safe spaces for women, youth and protection services, when needed. informal sector of the economy, including
children has been prioritized as well as the due to administrative and social barriers
provision of primary and secondary child Municipalities have acted as first responders such as language barriers. According to a
protection services. The Ministry of Family, in addressing the impact of the population study conducted in 2017, only 15 per cent of
Labour and Social Services (MoFLSS) has increase. The increase in demand continues Syrian women reported that they worked in
continued to respond to identified needs to strain infrastructure and accessibility income generating jobs.7
and has strengthened its outreach capacity of services, in particular waste and waste
to manage protection cases. This includes management, public transportation and
specialized services for women and children fire-fighting services. Since 2014, US$
such as safe spaces and shelters. 53M have been mobilized by 3RP partners
to support municipalities. The support
5 As per MoFLSS (July 2018), 184,568 girls and 183,522 boys have been reached to date by the CCTE Programme
6 MoFLSS database
7 UN Women: Needs Assessment of Syrian Women and Girls Under Temporary Protection Status in Turkey, June 2018
6
TURKEY | Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2019-2020
NEEDS visible across all sectors. In areas of high
concentration of Syrians under temporary
protection, such as the provinces in the
their children or help when facing violence,
harassment or ill-treatment in their daily
life.11
The Syria crisis is now in its eighth year and southeast and Istanbul, the needs of
the refugee situation in the neighbouring people outweigh the ability of institutions A large number of school-aged children
countries remains protracted. The generosity to respond to these needs. This is often are enrolled in schools across the country,
of the Turkish population continues and the due to the sheer number of people that however up to 38 per cent are still out-
public system is stepping up to the challenge need to be served as well as the lack of of-school (OOS) and not accessing any
of delivering services to refugees in line with specialized capacity required to meet some education opportunities. Enrolment rates
the principle of harmonization put forward of the specific vulnerabilities created by are high in primary education but drop
by the Law on Foreigners and International displacement. Public institutions, therefore, dramatically in lower- and upper-secondary
Protection. The law stipulates that services need additional resources to strengthen education levels. A very low number of
should be provided in a way that facilitates their infrastructure and expertise to adjust children are able to complete 12 years of
mutual harmonization between foreigners, their programmes and services to respond to schooling. Out-of-school children are not a
international protection beneficiaries and the specific needs of Syrians. homogeneous group, have different profiles
the Turkish society. In February 2018, the and are in need of bespoken approaches to
Government of Turkey adopted the National Given the protracted nature of the Syria increase their chances of entering a relevant
Strategy on Harmonization and a National crisis, Syrians under temporary protection form of learning. In addition, teachers
Action Plan. As part of the 2019 Programme continue to deplete their assets and face high who provide education in mixed classes
of the Turkish Presidency, the Government levels of economic insecurity. Rising costs of the Turkish schools that teach foreign
is furthermore planning to draft a National of living8, such as rising costs for housing, and Turkish students together should be
Migration Policy for policy-making in areas utilities and food have negatively affected supported with capacity building on inter-
deemed necessary for foreign nationals vulnerable households and their ability cultural learning and communication skills.
under international protection with legal to meet their basic needs.9 Assessments
residence in Turkey. indicate that over 64 per cent of urban Syrian In participatory assessments held with
households live below the poverty line, Syrians under temporary protection
With 95 per cent of Syrians under temporary including 18.4 per cent who live below the throughout 2018, the Syrian community
protection in Turkey living within host extreme poverty line. According to a recent voiced concern over difficulties in accessing
communities, municipalities are among study, single, female headed households the labour market. They mentioned the
the primary responders in addressing the (widowed, single mothers or single women) language barrier, lack of information about
impact of the Syria crisis, and have played have been severely affected.10 their rights and competition for jobs as the
an essential role in meeting the increase main challenges.12
in demand for services. Besides the need Language remains the largest barrier for
for basic services, the presence of refugees Syrians under temporary protection to While the Regulation on Work Permits allows
has also called for the development of new access services and integrate into local for access to work, obstacles such as the
services at the municipal level, both to communities. This is largely visible in work permit fees that employers have to
address their specific social and protection health and education where, even though pay and the lack of Turkish language skills
needs and to foster social cohesion between the services continue to be provided free of make it difficult for Syrians to integrate
communities. Syrians under temporary charge, Syrians under temporary protection into the labour force. Many legislative and
protection need to engage with the host face difficulties in understanding procedures administrative arrangements have been
community through participatory processes and instructions. Conversations with Syrian made to overcome these barriers and
and consultative structures at local and women indicate that they are particularly increase Syrian participation in formal
municipal levels, in order to express these poorly informed about their rights to employment. For example, in 2018 annual
specific needs and to foster dialogue with protection and legal support services. work permit fees were subsidized by 40
host communities and local authorities. Research brings out that one of the most per cent for employers of Syrians under
significant obstacles for Syrian women is temporary protection.13 In addition, Syrians
Increased demands for public services are not knowing where to seek assistance for under temporary protection can work in
8 http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30848
9
Data from the Turkish Statistical Institute indicates that the Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) for refugees costs 1,942 TL for a household of six, or 324 TL per capita. The
latest ESSN Post-Distribution Monitoring Report shows that when faced with recent high levels of inflation (15.85 per cent in July but 25.24 per cent in October according to the
Consumer Price Index, Turkish Statistical Institute), refugees are increasingly forced to resort to coping strategies in order to meet their needs, including through household
borrowing, withdrawing children from school, sending children to work, and reducing health expenditure. While the results are still better than the pre-assistance baseline (2017),
any decline in the results achieved so far through ESSN assistance is a concerning trend.
10 & 11 UN Women: Needs Assessment of Syrian Women and Girls Under Temporary Protection Status in Turkey, June 2018
12 Participatory Assessment on Livelihoods and Access to Job Market, conducted by UNHCR and partners in 12 provincial locations in Turkey, in September-October, 2018
13 For the year of 2018, the annual work permit fee is 615,20 TL for regular foreigners, but for the Syrians under temporary protection, the work permit fee for the employer
is charged as 228,90 TL
7
seasonal agricultural or animal husbandry of the National Action Plan and Strategy on
within the scope of work permit exemptions. Combating Early and Forced Marriages is
There is a need to continue supporting the required. Harmful cultural and traditional
effective implementation of the Work Permit practices, coupled with the lack of livelihoods
Regulation, reduce barriers and increase and self-reliance opportunities, perpetuate a
incentives for employers to employ Syrians. situation of risk as many families see child
While Syrians under temporary protection marriage as the only way to secure a future
have gradually managed to access some work for their children. The lack of self-reliance
opportunities (86 per cent of households opportunities is also leading families to
report having a working family member), engage their children in the labour force.
only 2 per cent of working refugees are doing Children are found working in exploitative
so formally, and 71 per cent of households and hazardous conditions, including in
are unable to access skilled or reliable work. street-based work and in industrialized
14 A recent analysis shows that efforts of
areas of large cities like Istanbul. Field
3RP partners have contributed directly and observations also reveal that an increasing
indirectly to supporting 27,100 jobs. This number of Syrian children are engaged in
has been achieved through job creation, seasonal agricultural work.
job placement efforts, and recruitment of
volunteer teachers and other health and In southeast Turkey, over 1.3 million Syrians
outreach staff in public institutions. However, under temporary protection are hosted
considering the unemployment rate of both within host communities. This is a 20 per
the Syrian population and that of the host cent increase in population which has
community, there is a need to create new contributed to an extra consumption of 70bn
jobs. Similarly, in order to achieve economic litres of water and one million tons of solid
sustainability Syrians under temporary waste per year. Currently the 3RP support
protection must be supported to acquire to municipalities only covers 10 per cent of
Vocational Qualification Certificates, which the additional needs. Therefore, it remains
are evaluated as an important tool for a critical to expand support to infrastructure
qualified labour force. development and public transportation
and strengthen the technical capacities of
In conversations with Syrians under municipalities to plan and budget for the
temporary protection during the increased service and infrastructure needs.
participatory assessments in 2018, the need
to support youth in their transition from Sector interventions within the 3RP
education to the job market was raised framework are designed to support
as a priority for the Syrian community. meeting these needs in a cross-cutting,
The assessments underlined the need for complementary fashion. Special attention is
youth empowerment, with a strong gender duly given to people with specific needs such
perspective to ensure equal access to as the elderly, individuals with disabilities,
services for women, men, girls and boys. children and women at risk. While the 3RP
explicitly covers the needs of Syrians under
On an individual level, protection concerns temporary protection, Turkey hosts 350,000
continue. Safe accomodation opportunities conditional refugees and international
for survivors of sexual and gender-based protection applicants of other nationalities
violence (SGBV) are limited for male and and partners also serve these populations in
female survivors of GBV. The lack of shelter a non-discriminatory manner.
services for survivors is a gap, despite good
coordination and cooperation with the
authorities at national and local levels.
Early and forced marriage remains a
critical concern. Despite ongoing efforts,
an expansion of programming in support
14 WFP, Livelihoods Survey, Early Results Presentation, July 2018 and Comprehensive Vulnerability Monitoring Exercise,
May 2018
8
TURKEY | Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2019-2020
RESPONSE • Provide targeted temporary assistance
where the demand in services exceed
availability and promote a strategy to
The response is implemented within integrate into national services
the framework of the national asylum
system. The legal framework in Turkey • Undertake outreach activities to raise
provides for Syrians under temporary awareness and connect the people in need
protection to access services in the national to available services
system alongside Turkish nationals. The
government has risen to this challenge and • Strengthen referrals between service
the public system and national institutions providers and support the necessary
have expanded their services to enable institutional capacity to follow up on
Syrian families to access health, education referrals
and social services and to pursue self-
reliance through work opportunities • Provide training (for example, language,
made possible through the Work Permit vocational and skills training) with a clear
Regulation. Further policies and actions objective to increase prospects for self-
outlined in the 2019 Programme of the reliance (access to job market, access to
Turkish Presidency are expected to higher education, social engagement and
strengthen the legislative and operational participation)
framework. The 3RP partners work in
support of the government to enable the 3RP Partners have assessed that, moving
inclusion of Syrians under temporary forward, focusing on the following strategic
protection without having a negative impact objectives is necessary to achieve durable
on the quality of service provision, while solutions for Syrians under temporary
continuing to address immediate needs of protection.
Syrians under temporary protection.
• Continue to contribute to the protection
Throughout 2018, 3RP partners and of Syrians under temporary protection by
sector working groups continued to invest supporting national protection systems,
efforts in long-term solutions, sustainable including child protection systems to
planning and resilience in their response. identify and provide tailored services to
This priority of the response is best children in need
reflected by the rapidly increasing amount
invested by 3RP partners to provide • Continue to support the provision of basic
support to public institutions, both in services (health, education, social services)
terms of additional financial, human, and through national and local systems
infrastructure resources or in terms of
support to strengthen systems and boost • Ongoing provision of targeted immediate
existing capacities. While US$ 183 M had assistance to Syrians under temporary
been invested in such efforts in 2017, this protection and vulnerable Turkish
amount increased to approximately US$ individuals to reduce exposure to the effects
245 M in 2018, or a 33 per cent increase.15 of poverty and displacement and address
specific needs
The following principles of implementation
have been agreed upon and will continue • Support the expansion of livelihoods
guiding the 3RP strategic direction. and job opportunities for Syrians under
temporary protection and vulnerable
• Prioritize support to assistance and Turkish individuals
service delivery through national and local
institutions
Photo:
UNDP / Mustafa Bilge Satkın
15 3RP Inter-Agency, Support to Public Institutions in the 3RP 2017-2018, September 2018
9
SOCIAL and social premiums provided for some
vulnerable groups. The social services
protection coverage. Unemployed persons
as well as those working informally -
and assistance system aims at alleviating with a focus on youth - will be provided
PROTECTION poverty and providing social care for
people with specific needs and groups.
with the necessary skills and knowledge
to empower them to seek services that
Social protection and social security16 can bridge their way into the formal
are defined as a set of policies and Considering that formal work opportunities labour market. Further, employers will
programmes designed to reduce and and work permits have only been granted be supported to hire employees formally
prevent poverty, vulnerability and social to a limited number of Syrians under and affiliate them to the social insurance
exclusion stemming from poverty or other temporary protection, social protection is system.
vulnerabilities throughout the life cycle. a key elements of the 3RP response. 3RP
It supports access to basic services and Partners are largely engaging in supporting People with specific needs will be
strengthens the capacity of families to the provision of social services and empowered to seek services contributing
care for their children and other vulnerable targeted assistance while also providing to an increase in the inclusion of children,
family members. Social protection plays support to strengthening the social adolescents, people living with disabilities
a vital role in achieving greater equity protection system in general. The Law on and the elderly in specific social services
and social cohesion as well as supporting Social Assistance and Solidarity allows targeting their needs. The community will
human and economic development. for foreigners legally residing in Turkey to be empowered to identify people with
Social protection policies regularly include access social assistance through existing specific needs and assist them in accessing
nine main areas, which are child and infrastructure and processes. 3RP Partners appropriate services.
family benefits, maternity protection, work closely with the Ministry of Family,
unemployment support, employment Labour and Social Services (MoFLSS) to
injury benefits, sickness benefits, health provide cash-based assistance through
protection (medical care), old-age benefits, the locally based Social Assistance and
disability benefits, and survivor benefits. Solidarity Foundations, as well as access to
social and employment services through
The Turkish social protection system has IŞKUR and the MoFLSS Social Service
both social insurance and social services Centres and other local institutions.
and assistance components. The social
insurance system aims at providing In 2019, 3RP partners will continue to
insurance to society at large, in the form of prioritize increased access to formal
national health care services, pensions and employment and, as such, provide
unemployment insurance. Self-financing is individuals with access to the social
the principal modality of social insurance, insurance system resulting in formal social
except for general health care services
16 Social protection systems cover all policy areas through a mix of contributory schemes (social insurance) and
non-contributory (tax-financed) benefits, including social assistance.
10TURKEY | Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2019-2020
DURABLE and skills required to be independently
active and contribute to society as well as
In 2018, a total of 18,69017 interviews
with Syrians under temporary protection
SOLUTIONS
their self-reliance. intending to return have been observed in
Gaziantep, Kilis, Sanliurfa, Hatay, Istanbul
Resettlement continues to be an option and Izmir in 2018. In collaboration with
STRATEGY only for some of the most vulnerable
refugees in Turkey. In Turkey, for 2019,
DGMM, voluntary repatriation processes
will continue to be observed and capacity
advocacy will continue to ensure that the to do so to be further increased. Increased
A refugee response generally aims to find resettlement quota is maintained and dialogue with Syrian communities on their
solutions that allow refugees to rebuild complementary pathways are expanded concerns and intentions in relation to
their lives and live in dignity and peace. despite a reduction of resettlement places return as well as mapping of population
These solutions can include voluntary globally. While complementary pathways movements will ensure that actors
repatriation, resettlement and local have the potential to bring durable responding to the refugee situation in
integration, with efforts aimed at enhancing solutions options, refugees frequently face Turkey remain informed and can prepare
resilience and self-reliance being a legal, administrative and practical barriers adequately should the current situation
precursor to any durable solution. in accessing these pathways. change.
The legal framework in Turkey provides for The Law on Foreigners and International
social and economic inclusion. The Law on Protection and secondary legislation
Foreigners and International Protection incorporate provisions regulating voluntary
provides a framework on rights and repatriation procedures and support
services, complementing other legislation, offered to DGMM aims to strengthen these
defining the safeguards for social and legal procedures, including with a view for returns
protection of individuals, for applicants and to take place on a voluntary basis through
status holders of international protection well-informed decisions. In preparation
and persons under temporary protection. of returns, the Government of Turkey and
In defining ‘harmonization’, the Law’s 3RP partners cooperate in addressing
objective is to reduce dependency on third identified obstacles, such as access to civil
party support and create an environment status documentation and documentation
where foreigners and international of educational or professional qualification
protection beneficiaries live in harmony certificates.
with the host community. All activities
should equip refugees with the knowledge
Photo:
UNDP / Mustafa Bilge Satkın
17 Voluntary Repatriation interviews observed by UNHCR as of October 2018
11PARTNERSHIP AND
COORDINATION
The aim of the 3RP is for partners to work institutions (IFIs). In areas of livelihoods, Standardized service provision is known
under the direction of the Government municipal infrastructure support and to have larger, more effective impact.
of Turkey to achieve better outcomes education, IFIs and 3RP partners jointly The collaboration created under the
for Syrians under temporary protection contribute to achieving the priorities set umbrella of the 3RP provides for further
and host communities alike. The 3RP out by the Government of Turkey and the harmonization and for common standards
provides a platform for enhancing respective line ministries. in interventions. Examples from 2018
existing partnerships that combine and include the harmonization of standards for
leverage resources by working together The UN and NGO partners all bring individual psycho-social support provided through
in a transparent, respectful and mutually expertise to support the response. The Social Service Centres and the initiation of
beneficial way. 3RP coordination is based on six sectors: an inter-agency referral form for protection
Protection, Food Security and Agriculture, cases.
Under the national legislation, the Education, Health, Basic Needs, and
Directorate General of Migration Livelihoods. Coordination structures are
Management (DGMM) is the main entity in established in Ankara, Gaziantep, Istanbul
charge of the implementation of policies and and Izmir. These sectors engage in joint
processes for all foreigners in Turkey.18 It is needs analysis, strategic planning and
also the sole responsible authority in Turkey coordination of activities developed to
for procedures and proceedings regarding address these needs. Cross-cutting issues
temporary protection beneficiaries and and information sharing takes place in
international protection applicants the sector working groups as well as in
(including registration, documentation and thematic groups such as the Child Labour
refugee status determination), stateless Task Force, the Information Management
persons and other foreigners. Working Group and the Communication
with Communities Task Force.
The line ministries, namely the Ministry of
National Education, the Ministry of Health,
the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social
Services, the Ministry of Forestry and
Agriculture, the Ministry of Interior, the
Ministry of Youth and Sports, Directorate of
Religious Affairs and the Ministry of Justice
all define and coordinate sector priorities in
line with the policies devised and activities
planned under the 2019 Programme of the
Turkish Presidency. These priorities serve
as a basis for 3RP sector plans.
Government leadership in Turkey enables
3RP partners to support and work closely
with national and local institutions
in responding to the most immediate
needs of refugees and in supporting their
inclusion in national systems, thereby
directly contributing to the priorities
set out in the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs). These efforts are sustained
through engagement with development
actors such as international financial
18 The Directorate General of Migration Management has been established under the Ministry of Interior in order to
implement migration policies and strategies, ensure coordination among relevant agencies and organizations, and
carry out functions and actions related to the entry into, stay in and exit from of foreigners in Turkey as well as their
deportation, international protection, temporary protection and the protection of victims of human trafficking.
(Presidential Decree no. 4, OJ no. 30479, dated 15 July 2018, Article 158)
12TURKEY | Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2019-2020
ACCOUNTABILITY
FRAMEWORK
All 3RP partners are committed to ensuring suggestion boxes, SMS systems and teams mechanisms have been established through
that the response engages beneficiaries in of community feedback assistants (for call centres and community centres giving
programme design and implementation. In example, help desks) have been established refugees an opportunity to provide feedback
line with interagency standing principles around the country and refugees and and launch complaints and appeals with
(IASC) and core humanitarian standards asylum-seekers are informed about existing regards to services provided. The ESSN
mechanisms to ensure accountability feedback mechanisms through SMS, leaflets, programme has ensured accountability
to affected populations have been posters and verbally at points of service towards its beneficiaries through the
established to provide individuals with the delivery. Outreach networks continue to launching of a call centre managed by
information they need to access services operate and a national counselling line for the Turkish Red Crescent (TRC) as well as
and communicate feedback. refugees and asylum-seekers continues associated websites.
to be operational. While the network of
As a basis for addressing its key priorities, community centres continues to provide Feedback received from beneficiaries is
strengthening partnership and enhancing refugees with counselling, social and continuously used to improve the quality
the overall effectiveness of the Turkey 3RP, cultural services, the Social Service Centres of programming and services that 3RP
all partners have committed to aligning under management of the Ministry of partners provide and agencies inform
3RP efforts with existing national strategies Family, Labour and Social Services are beneficiaries on how their feedback has
and to working closely with the Turkish increasingly expanding to provide these been utilized through community networks.
and Syrian communities. Accordingly, this services to refugees and asylum-seekers,
plan has been prepared based on observed adding up to a large, localized network of 3RP coordination mechanisms have now
local needs and through consultation with service providers. been operational for two years covering
all stakeholders including government multiple locations across the country.
authorities, NGO partners, donors, and A service advisor application is being Dedicated coordinators and information
refugees. rolled out across the country to improve management staff support the six sector
the understanding of refugees of available working groups and the inter-sector
Communication with communities services, where to access them and what coordination mechanism. The Syria
continues to be strengthened and hotlines, can be expected of the provider. Complaints response group carries the ultimate
responsibility for partners’ implementation
of the plan.
A specialized mechanism to address
prevention of sexual exploitation and
abuse (PSEA) has been developed to handle
sensitive complaints around staff behaviour.
To protect both beneficiaries and staff
members from exploitation, trainings have
been provided to staff throughout 2018 and
in 2019 partners are planning to further
educate beneficiaries on their rights and
entitlements.
To ensure a comprehensive, predictable
and appropriate monitoring and evaluation
of the response in Turkey, a comprehensive
monitoring and evaluation framework
accompanies this plan and supplements
Photo:
UNHCR / Kıvanç Ayhan sector result frameworks.
13Photo: UN Women / Diego Cupolo 14
TURKEY | Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2019-2020
PROTECTION
PROTECTION
SECTOR RESPONSE
LEAD AGENCIES UNHCR
APPEALING PARTNERS IOM, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN WOMEN, NGO partners
Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM), Ministry of Family, Labour and
OTHER PARTNERS Social Services (MoFLSS), Ministry of Youth and Sports (MoYS), Ministry of Justice (MoJ),
Union of Turkish Bar Associations (UTBA), and NGO partners
1. Access to territory and protection: Syrians under temporary protection are able to
access the territory and receive effective protection under the Temporary Protection
Regulation;
2. Community based protection: Community members are able to identify and access
protection solutions, particularly the most at-risk groups and individuals;
OBJECTIVES 3. Prevention and response to gender based violence (GBV): Risks and consequences of
GBV against women, girls, men and boys and those with specific needs are reduced
and mitigated and access to quality GBV services is improved;
4. Child protection: Girls and boys affected by the Syria crisis have increased and more
equitable access to quality child protection interventions and are protected from
violence, exploitation, abuse and neglect.
GENDER MARKER 2A
FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS 2019 2020
REFUGEE FINANCIAL
US$ 203,269,731 US$ 189,528,674
REQUIREMENT
RESILIENCE FINANCIAL
US$ 86,682,412 US$ 88,895,560
REQUIREMENT
3RP TOTAL FINANCIAL
US$ 289,952,143 US$ 278,424,233
REQUIREMENT 2019-2020
15CURRENT
SITUATION
The response and strategic direction of DGMM, key line ministries, as well as under temporary protection, the provision
the Protection sector is firmly anchored in provincial and local authorities, in particular of support to vulnerable children and
sustaining support to the Government of municipalities, have continued to bear the their families (including identification,
Turkey and its primary role in the provision brunt of providing protection and assistance assessment, referral and follow up) and
of protection and assistance to persons to Syrians under temporary protection. The support to Syrians under temporary
seeking international protection within capacity of service providers in areas with a protection in accessing justice and gender
its borders. The Temporary Protection high refugee population density continues and age-sensitive legal services. People
Regulation (TPR), effective since October to be stretched which, at times, leads to with specific needs, in particular women
2014, provides Syrians with a legal status incidents and social tension. A key area of and children at risk, continue to be a priority
pursuant to the relevant provision of the Law focus for the sector is supporting efforts to for the Protection sector. The expansion of
on Foreigners and International Protection enhance social cohesion activities, including safe and child-friendly spaces for children,
(LFIP) and ensures their access to a wide through effective information dissemination youth and the provision of child protection
range of services provided by national and through initiatives such as promoting services across the continuum of care,
systems. Admission and access to Turkey positive interaction between refugees and has been prioritized. While the Ministry of
has been strictly managed throughout 2018. host communities. Family, Labour and Social Services (MFLSS)
Visa requirements, introduced in 2016 for has continued to respond to needs and
Syrians arriving from third countries by 3RP partners continue to work in close strengthened the coverage and quality of
air or sea, are in place. As a consequence, collaboration with public institutions its outreach capacity, efforts to enhance
Syrians continue to resort to irregular means to maintain and expand the quality and the capacities of Social Service Centres and
of entry into Turkey, exposing themselves coverage of outreach, identification and complementary centres (including those
to serious protection risks in the process. referrals of Syrians with specific needs run by municipalities) continues. This will
Turkey continues to grant admission under temporary protection. In this build on achievements from previous years.
on humanitarian grounds, including for capacity, 3RP partners aim to strengthen In 2018, Protection partners significantly
medical treatment, in specific humanitarian the capacity of public institutions and other increased their support to public institutions
circumstances and for family reunification. partners to provide targeted protection such as DGMM, MFLSS, the Ministry of Justice
assistance, including in the prevention and municipalities with over US$ 37m of
Registration of Syrians under temporary of and response to GBV, the provision of support invested in strengthening public
19
protection continued throughout 2018 psychosocial support to Syrian children systems (compared to US$ 30m in 2017).
by the Directorate General of Migration
Management (DGMM). Simultaneously, the
DGMM ‘Verification Exercise of Syrians with
Temporary Protection in Turkey’ continued
with the aim of supporting continuous
registration of Syrians under temporary
protection in 2019 and beyond. The process
of verification has been successful in
updating information related to education,
livelihoods and special needs of Syrians
under temporary protection and, in the
process, has strengthened the capacity
of Provincial Directorates of Migration
Management (PDMMs) to identify protection
needs and vulnerabilities amongst Syrians
under temporary protection and refer
persons with specific needs, such as
survivors of gender-based violence (GBV),
separated or unaccompanied children,
persons with disabilities, and others, to
other public institutions.
Photo:
Turkey continues to host the highest number WFP / Ozan ToptasEmrah Gürel
UNHCR/
of refugees in the world, of whom nearly
96 per cent live within host communities.
19 3RP Inter-Agency, Support to Public Institutions in the Turkey 3RP 2017-2018, September 2018
16TURKEY | Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2019-2020
PROTECTION
NEEDS, VULNERABILITIES
AND TARGETING
POPULATION TABLE
2019 2020
Population
Group Population Target Population Target
20
In Need Population In Need Population
Men 1,056,957 1,056,957 1,056,957 1,056,957
Syrians under Women 833,594 833,594 833,594 833,594
temporary
21
protection Boys 891,828 891,828 891,828 891,828
Girls 809,335 809,335 809,335 809,335
Sub Total 3,591,714 3,591,714 3,591,714 3,591,714
Members of
Impacted Sub Total 8,000,000 118,000 8,000,000 118,000
Communities
Grand Total 11,591,714 3,709,714 11,591,714 3,709,714
20
The columns for target population are only for direct beneficiaries where accurate numbers are available.
21
Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM) as of November 2018. http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik6/gecici-koruma_363_378_4713_icerik
Similar to previous years but compounded Within this context, implementing a To address information gaps and enhance
by an increasingly protracted situation, comprehensive approach to protection accountability, a renewed focus on two-
Syrians under temporary protection have will continue to be imperative. Continued way communication with populations
continued to face protection risks and identification efforts of those most of concern will be implemented and
obstacles in accessing protection services, vulnerable and those with specific needs, further investments made in efficient
including language barriers, insufficient or linking them to specialized government communication tools and approaches.
lack of access to (formal) employment and services through established referral This will allow for broader dissemination
livelihood opportunities, increased cost pathways or to complementary service and fine-tuning of information on available
of living, lack of information about rights providers for those unable to access services, procedures, rights and obligations.
and available services (including legal national systems will continue to be
counselling and legal aid services), and prioritized and implemented. To that end, To achieve the above, greater efforts will
challenges posed by restrictive procedures the identification and implementation of be made to support national, provincial
on internal movement. This, in turn, has protection solutions at the local level will and municipal service delivery capacity, as
resulted in negative coping mechanisms that be of particular importance for the sector. well as specialized complementary services
have included, among others, child labour, In addition to the provision of protection provided by humanitarian actors, including
child marriage and informal employment. through established mechanisms, the sector national NGOs.
will sustain, and expand where needed, the
delivery of specialised protection services
to those with specific needs to ensure equal
access to services for women, men, girls
and boys. Further efforts will be invested in
strengthening the provision of alternative
care services for Syrian children lacking
parental care (including unaccompanied
and separated children).
17STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS
& RESPONSE PLAN
The Protection sector aims to and networking between justice-focused close cooperation with the Communicating
comprehensively contribute to responding stakeholders including NGOs, improving with Communities Task Force. Accurate
to both the individual needs of Syrians infrastructure of justice and legal-aid information on available services,
under temporary protection and the provision offices, increasing knowledge including transparency on selection
institutional needs of service providers. about legal aid schemes and enhancing criteria of assistance will contribute to
The sector focuses on expanding access accessibility of counseling and legal aid. addressing misinformation that may affect
to, maintaining, and broadening support social cohesion. Additionally, the various
for the quality of national services, as well At community level, age, gender and Protection sector platforms at central and
as to contribute to effective protection diversity-sensitive protection interventions field levels will continue facilitating dialogue
interventions for those unable to avail will remain of key importance. 3RP partners with state institutions, local authorities,
themselves of the services provided by will focus on strengthened identification municipalities and host and Syrian refugee
national and local systems. By supporting and referrals of persons with specific communities. Through this dialogue,
the broadening of quality services to needs to specialised national and local protection issues specific to a location will
Syrians under temporary protection and service providers or to complementary be identified, social cohesion promoted and
host communities alike, the sector aims to services at dedicated centres. To that end, efforts by communities to protect women,
mitigate the risk of social tensions between increased community-engagement with men, boys and girls supported.
communities, and, at the same time, local networks and structures, including
strengthen the resilience of the refugee services provided at municipal centres, Throughout 2019-2020, 3RP partners
population. will be critical. Networks and structures at will continue to advocate for consistent
community level will ensure the safe and implementation of the Temporary
Concretely, to promote access to quality meaningful participation of populations of Protection Regulation and access to rights
national protection services, 3RP partners concern (including children, adolescents and assistance. In addition, advocacy for
will continue supporting DGMM in the and youth) in designing and implementing increased international responsibility-
continuous registration of Syrians under protection solutions. These initiatives will sharing through resettlement and other
temporary protection as well as key line also work towards incorporating a longer- alternative pathways and increasing efforts
ministries and local administrations in the term lens in the protection interventions, in the area of family tracing and reunification
delivery of specialised protection services. including through exploring linkages with will be pursued. The Protection sector will
Capacity support will not only include livelihoods opportunities and to social continue to monitor the voluntariness
material and human resources to enhance protection mechanisms. of spontaneous returns, and increase
access to and availability of these services, dialogue with refugee communities on their
but also technical support to ensure that Specialized services for people with specific intentions. Collaboration and information
the quality of the services delivered is needs continues to be a priority for the sharing with humanitarian actors in
maintained. Support will also be provided to Protection sector. Enhanced awareness- Syria will be enhanced to understand the
DGMM to carry out interventions to promote raising on prevention of GBV and access movements of spontaneous refugee returns
and sustain social cohesion in communities to quality services are aimed at mitigating and populations across the border and
and with a particular focus on children and against - and responding to - GBV incidents, within Syria, which may serve as indications
adolescents. 3RP partners will also continue including human trafficking. 3RP partners of future return movements.
to strengthen capacities of the MoFLSS and will work towards improving the protection
Social Services Centres to increase outreach environment for boys and girls impacted by The Protection sector will strengthen its
and, in turn, the identification of Syrians the Syria crisis and towards the inclusion of work with other sectors to mainstream
under temporary protection with specific children at risk into the existing protection protection principles, particularly to
needs. 3RP partners will also continue to mechanisms and childcare services. Youth enhance access to services across sectors
provide dedicated support to municipalities and adolescents will be targeted to address for the most vulnerable, to promote safe
to enhance protection-oriented service issues such as child marriage and child and dignified service delivery, and work to
provision. To support access to justice, 3RP labour. Psychosocial support will be a key strengthen coordination across partners
partners will focus on working with the protection intervention and an internal part and avoid duplication of efforts. Integrated
Ministry of Justice, the Union of Turkish Bar of protection programming. programming with other sectors to address
Associations, Provincial Bar Associations, root causes of protection concerns, such as
the judiciary, law enforcement institutions To address gaps in information, 3RP partners child labour, will be particularly important,
and local actors providing legal assistance. will emphasise information dissemination alongside the prevention of violence.
This will include strengthening justice on available services by diversifying
sector institutions, improving coordination dissemination methods and pathways, in
18TURKEY | Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2019-2020
PROTECTION
ACCOUNTABILITY
FRAMEWORK
The sector objectives reflect an age, correction when and if needed. Monitoring integration of PSEA standards and principles
gender and diversity lens and will continue and evaluation will continue to involve more thoroughly within the Protection
facilitating two-way communication communities through consultations with sector in specific and the 3RP in general.
between Syrians under temporary different segments of the population and
protection and host communities in order other feedback mechanisms to increase 3RP partners will be engaged to strengthen
to identify priorities and needs. This responsiveness to the needs of refugees adherence to core humanitarian standards,
includes safe and meaningful participation and to enhance accountability within the which will be incorporated in regular
of women, children, adolescents and Protection sector. The evidence-building and specialized protection trainings and
youth. Gaps and needs as well as existing of the support provided, through research capacity building efforts to a wide array of
capacities and solutions identified by and solid documentation of its impact, will humanitarian and governmental actors.
the impacted communities themselves furthermore be put forward as central. Furthermore, synergy and harmonization
will form the basis for programming between national level coordination
strategies and interventions. In addition to The sector will pay particular attention mechanisms and field level platforms will
community needs, the sector strategy and to prevention of sexual exploitation and be prioritized, including extracting best
its objectives are designed to contribute abuse (PSEA) mechanisms, with a view to practices emanating from field level, and,
significantly towards gender equality across go beyond community-based complaint where feasible, nationalizing these efforts
communities. mechanisms and work towards ensuring according to the specific context of each
actors engaged in humanitarian response field location. Effective coordination and
The monitoring and evaluation framework have minimum safe guards in place to exchange of information among relevant
will include modalities and responsibilities receive and manage response to sexual stakeholders, including between UN-
for reporting under each objective and exploitation and abuse (SEA), and that this agencies and NGOs, will continue to be
support data collection and analysis. The is mainstreamed across sectors. In this prioritised. Lastly, complementarity of
indicators are set not only to measure regard, the initiatives emanating from the action, avoiding duplication and reinforcing
progress, but also to serve as a proxy Protection sector such as agency specific positive impact while adhering to the do no
indicator aimed at informing the strategic SEA representatives and the development harm principle, will continue to drive the
direction of the response plan. Regular of an inter-agency SEA reporting protocol, activities and interventions of the Protection
progress reviews will allow for course will serve a cross-sectoral utility allowing for sector throughout 2019-2020.
Photo:
UNHCR / Claire Thomas
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