61970-456 Steady State Hypothesis (SSH) Profile - CIM University Track II 18 June 2019 Svein Olsen Norwegian National Committee - NEK - CIMug
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61970-456 Steady State
Hypothesis (SSH) Profile
CIM University Track II
18 June 2019
Svein Olsen
Norwegian National Committee - NEK
Overview ▪ IEC 61970-456 ▪ Use Cases ▪ CIM Canonical Model and Profile ▪ Bus-branch & Node breaker Considerations ▪ UML of all SSH data
IEC 61970-456 Editions
• Ed1 based on CIM14 • Ed4 based on CIM17
• Topology (TP) and State Variables (SV) • Unbalanced
• Ed1Am1 based on CIM15
• Small but important documentation changes
• Ed2 based on CIM16
• Steady State Hypothesis (SSH) profile added
• Equipment injections
• Regulation targets (voltage, flow…) and
control settings
• Limit values
• Direct Current (DC) added to SSH, TP and SV
• Ed3 based on CIM16
• PowerElectronics
Why Steady State Hypothesis
• Initially Topology and State Variables used both for
• Output
• Input
• Didn’t work, Power Flow solutions drifted
• Need to remember starting conditions and target values
• Steady State Hypothesis solved this and..
• It only depends on EQ so it works with
• Bus-branch models
• Node-breaker modelsCIM Profiles Overview • Data with slow change rate • Equipment IEC 61970-452 / CGMES EQ • Diagram layout IEC 61970-453 / CGMES DL • Dynamics data IEC 61970-457 / CGMES DY • Geographical location CGMES GL • CGMES Extensions IEC 61970-600 / CGMES • Data with medium change rate • Topology and Switch statuses IEC 61970-456 / TP • Data with high change rate • Steady State Hypothesis IEC 61970-456 / SSH • Power flow solved state variables IEC 61970-456 / SV • Serialization format, CIMXML IEC 61970-552
CIM Profile Dependency Relationships
61970-456 61970-451
profiles profiles
Steady
State Discrete
State
Variables measurements
Hypotesis
(SV)
(SSH)
Topology Analog
(TP) measurements
61970-452 Equipment
profiles model
(EQ)
61970-453
Display
profiles
layouts
(DL)CGMES Decomposition
IEC 61970-457 IEC 61970-453
Dynamic Diagram Layout
(Transient model) DL
opt.ref
DY
IEC 61970-456
opt. ref
ref ref
IEC 61970- 452 Topology
ref TP
Network Equipment
Short- Circuit ref
and Connectivity
EQ-SC
EQ-CO
Invariant State Variable
SV
Variant
Operation opt. ref
(Node- Breaker)
EQ-OP
Steady State
Hypothesis
ref
SSH
ref ref
Boundary equipment opt. ref Geographical Location
EQ-BD GL
ref
Boundary topology opt. ref
TP-BDPower Flow Inputs
Diagram Layout EQ DL Datasets
Described by
Geo Locations
Network As-Built - Equipment GL CIM Profiles
Model Parts - Containment
Physical Model - Connectivity
Dynamics Select / Edit - Controls DY
- SIPS
- Equipment Rating
Contingency List - Normal operations CL
- Energy allocation
Planned
Construction
Model Parts Projects
TP
SSH
- TopologyNodes
- Status - association to
- Switch status conducting equipment
- In Service
Measurement Outage Device Status - Branch end
Sources Schedules Initialization/Edit - Tap positions SV
- Control settings
- Voltage regulation
- Flow regulation - Energized State
Control Setting - SIPS Topology & - Island Topology
External Energy Initialization/Edit - Monitoring
- Operating limits Network Solution - BusVoltage
Forecasts & - Bus Injections
Sources - Other Algorithm - Terminal flows
Schedules - Energy Injections - Controls
Monitoring - Bulk generation - Violations
- Solar
Initialization/Edit - Wind
- Storage
- Traditional Load
Energy Injection - DER
Case Parts Operational Limits
Repository Case Parts Initialization/Edit - valueCreation of IEC 61970-456 Data
• IEC 61970-456 describes one point in time
• Schedule and forecast time steps become 456 data
• Mapping schedule and forecast entities to injections
• Area load forecast to load points (e.g. EnergyConsumer)
• Area production schedules to unit injections
• Renewable production
• Forecasted if not in a market
• Scheduled if part in a market
• May result in back feed if resource behind a load pointProduction HVDC Load RES- Cross Border Availability Switch Schedule
Schedules Schedules Forecast Flow
Forecast
Steady State Hypothesis (SSH)
Power System
ModelTwo Levels of Detail in Modeling
• Bus-branch has
• Powerflow buses (cim:TopologicalNode)
• Impedance branches and shunts
• Retained switches possible
• Node-breaker has
• Nodes (cim:ConnectivityNode)
• Switches (including non-retained) (cim:Switch and specializations)
• Bus name markers (could be partially specified with Bus-branch model)
• Schedule Data
• Steady State Hypothesis works with both!
• So do Measurements (if not on non-retained switch terminals)Node-breaker State Estimator Use Case
Analog
3
measurements
SCADA
Discrete 2
measurements
External consumer
Data Equipment
1
modeler model
Steady state
6
State hypothesis
estimator State
5
variables
Network
Topology Topology 4
Processor
Schedule Schedule
updater valuesNode-Breaker Power Flow Use Case
Data Equipment
1
model
modeler
External consumer
4
Case Network
Steady state Power State
Model Topology 5
builder hypothesis
Builder Flow variables
6Node-Breaker Power Flow Use Case
Data
Modeller/Engineering
EQ
TP
Buses
SV
Power Islands
Voltage, amplitude/angle
SSH Flow Injection, active/reactive
Injection, active/reactive Power flow, active/reactive
Voltage set point Tap position
Tap position
Limits
Out of serviceNode-Breaker Power Flow Inputs and Outputs
Data Modeller/Engineering
EQ EQ
SSH Network TP
Switch Status Model Buses
Out of service Builder SV
Islands,
Bus voltages
Power
amplitude/angle
SSH Flow
Terminal flows,
Injections, active/reactive active/reactive
Voltage set point Tap positions
Tap position
Limits
Out of serviceStudy future Study future
Case Building Data Model
validation power flow models
Power
EQ
System
Projects Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Equipment
And
And Δ Δ Δ
Δ Parameters
Audit trails
Equipment
Availability Availability
SSH
Operational Consumption
Data Production
- Forecasts Interchange
- Schedules Limits, ratings
- Patterns Voltage
- Recordings Tap positions
- Measurements Switch positions
Time
Now
ScenariosModel Part Headers
cl a ss St ea dy St a t el Hy pot hesi sP r of i l e
IdentifiedObject
«Description»
C or e::P ow er Sy st emResour ce
C ont r ol A r ea ::C ont r ol A r ea
+ netInterchange :ActivePower
Steady State
+ pTolerance :ActivePower [0..1]
W i r es::Ta pC ha nger
«Description»
«Description»
W i r es::Regul a t i ngC ont r ol + controlEnabled :Boolean W i r es::Ra t i oTa pC ha nger
+ step :Simple_Float
+ discrete :Boolean
+ enabled :Boolean
+ targetDeadband :Simple_Float [0..1]
Hypothesis Profile
+ targetValue :Simple_Float
W i r es:: W i r es::P ha seTa pC ha nger NonLi nea r
+ targetValueUnitMultiplier :UnitMultiplier
P ha seTa pC ha nger
Note that «Description» «Description» «Description»
RegulatingControl.targetDeadba W i r es:: W i r es:: W i r es::
nd is primarily used if the Ta pC ha nger C ont r ol P ha seTa pC ha nger Ta bul a r P ha seTa pC ha nger A sy mmet r i ca l
RegulatingControl.discrete is set
to "true". Tools should handle
«Description» «Description»
cases in which
W i r es:: W i r es::
RegulatingControl.targetDeadba
P ha seTa pC ha nger Li nea r P ha seTa pC ha nger Sy mmet r i ca l
nd has a value if
1) SSH attributes on existing
RegulatingControl.discrete is set
RegulatingCondEq RegulatingCondEq
to "false" or cases in which
RegulatingControl.targetDeadba W i r es::Shunt C ompensa t or «Description»
nd equals zero. W i r es::St a t i cV a r C ompensa t or
+ sections :Simple_Float
+ q :ReactivePower
equipment +
ConductingEquipment
«Description»
W i r es::Ener gy Sour ce
activePower :ActivePower
«Description»
W i r es::Li nea r Shunt C ompensa t or
«Description»
W i r es::
Nonl i nea r Shunt C ompensa t or
+ reactivePower :ReactivePower «enumeration» RotatingMachine
W i r es::
2) No new SSH classes
A sy nchr onousM a chi neK i nd «Description»
EquivalentEquipment W i r es::A sy nchr onousM a chi ne
generator
«Description» motor + asynchronousMachineType :AsynchronousMachineKind
Equi v a l ent s::Equi v a l ent I nject i on
+ regulationStatus :Boolean [0..1]
«enumeration» RotatingMachine
+ regulationTarget :Voltage [0..1]
+ p :ActivePower W i r es:: «Description»
(different from SV) + q :ReactivePower Sy nchr onousM a chi neO per a t i ngM ode W i r es::Sy nchr onousM a chi ne
generator + operatingMode :SynchronousMachineOperatingMode
condenser
EquivalentInjection.regulationStatus and motor
EquivalentInjection.regulationTarget are
required attributes if the
EquivalentInjection is connected to a non- RegulatingCondEq
Boundary node.
«Description»
W i r es::Ext er na l Net w or k I nject i on
+ referencePriority :Integer
+ p :ActivePower
+ q :ReactivePower
ConductingEquipment
«Description»
W i r es::P r ot ect edSw i t ch Equipment • The active power slack is specified by using the multiple generator slack participation
W i r es::Sw i t ch
«Description» factor in CIM. In case GeneratingUnit.normalPF is set to one and all other generating
+ open :Boolean Gener a t i on::Gener a t i ngU ni t units have a zero participation factor the GeneratingUnit which has normalPF equal
to one will be the active power slack for the ControlArea to which it belongs. In case
+ normalPF :Simple_Float multiple generators all these GeneratingUnit(s) have non-zero normalPF, but there
«Description»
«Description» must be one GeneratingUnit per control area that have maximum participation factor
W i r es::
W i r es::B r ea k er (GeneratingUnit.normalPF).
«Operation,ShortCi... Loa dB r ea k Sw i t ch
«Description» • In case of exchange of steady state hypothesis (non-solved model) or solved model
W i r es:: «Description»
W i r es:: normalPF can be non-zero only for generators which are in operation (participate in
Gr oundDi sconnect or Gener a t i on::
Di sconnect or the load flow).
Hy dr oGener a t i ngU ni t
«Description» • In case of exchange of steady state hypothesis (non-solved model, i.e. SV profile is
Gener a t i on:: not exchanged) the tools should assign the slack node.
«Description»
Sol a r Gener a t i ngU ni t
«Entsoe» Gener a t i on::
St ea dy St a t eHy pot hesi sV er si on Ther ma l Gener a t i ngU ni t
+ baseUML :String = iec61970cim16v2... {readOnly} «Description» «Description»
+ baseURI :String = http://iec.ch/... {readOnly} Gener a t i on:: Gener a t i on::
+ date :Date = 2014-05-26 {readOnly} W i ndGener a t i ngU ni t Nucl ea r Gener a t i ngU ni t
+ differenceModelURI :String = http://iec.ch/T... {readOnly}
+ entsoeUML :String = entsoe_v2.4.14 {readOnly}
ConductingEquipment
+ entsoeURI :String = http://entsoe.e... {readOnly}
+ modelDescriptionURI :String = http://iec.ch/T... {readOnly} «Description»
+ namespaceRDF :String = http://www.w3.o... {readOnly} W i r es::Ener gy C onsumer
+ namespaceUML :String = http://iec.ch/T... {readOnly}
+ shortName :String = SSH {readOnly} + p :ActivePower
+ q :ReactivePower
«Operation,... «Description» «Description»
Loa dM odel :: Loa dM odel :: Loa dM odel ::
St a t i onSuppl y NonC onf or mLoa d C onf or mLoa dSSH Energy Generation
SSH Energy Consumption
SSH Switch
SSH Control
SSH Direct Current (DC)
Steady State Hypothesis Profile in CIMTool
SSH Profile - Topology detail in UML
cl a ss C or e
ConductingEquipment
IdentifiedObject PowerSystemResource
«Description»
ACDCTer mi na l Equi pment W i r es::Sw i t ch
+ connected :Boolean
+ open :Boolean
• ENTSO-E added inService.Equipment attribute
• IEC 61970-456 does not contain inService.Equipment attribute yetSSH Profile – Injections, Voltages, and
Controls cl a ss W i r es
PowerSystemResource ConductingEquipment
Regul a t i ngC ondEq
PowerSystemResource
Ta pC ha nger «Description»
Regul a t i ngC ont r ol
+ controlEnabled :Boolean + controlEnabled :Boolean
+ step :Simple_Float + discrete :Boolean
+ enabled :Boolean
+ targetDeadband :Simple_Float [0..1]
«Description» + targetValue :Simple_Float
Ext er na l Net w or k I nject i on + targetValueUnitMultiplier :UnitMultiplier
Rot a t i ngM a chi ne
+ referencePriority :Integer
+ p :ActivePower + p :ActivePower
+ q :ReactivePower + q :ReactivePower
«Description» «Description» Shunt C ompensa t or
A sy nchr onousM a chi ne St a t i cV a r C ompensa t or
+ sections :Simple_Float
+ asynchronousMachineType :AsynchronousMachineKind + q :ReactivePower
«enumeration»
«enumeration» «Description»
Sy nchr onousM a chi neO per a t i ngM ode
A sy nchr onousM a chi neK i nd Sy nchr onousM a chi ne
generator
generator + operatingMode :SynchronousMachineOperatingMode
condenser
motor
motor
EquivalentEquipment
ConductingEquipment ConductingEquipment
«Description»
Equi v a l ent s::Equi v a l ent I nject i on «Description» «Description»
Ener gy C onsumer Ener gy Sour ce
+ regulationStatus :Boolean [0..1]
+ regulationTarget :Voltage [0..1] + p :ActivePower + activePower :ActivePower
+ p :ActivePower + q :ReactivePower + reactivePower :ReactivePower
+ q :ReactivePowerSSH Profile – Active power slack distribution
cl a ss A ct i v e pow er
Equipment PowerSystemResource
«Description»
«Description»
C ont r ol A r ea ::C ont r ol A r ea
Gener a t i ngU ni t
+ normalPF :Simple_Float + netInterchange :ActivePower
+ pTolerance :ActivePower [0..1]cl a ss DC
A CDCConv er t er
SSH Profile – DC +
+
+
p :ActivePower
q :ReactivePower
targetPpcc :ActivePower
+ targetUdc :Voltage
• Two levels of detail: «Description»
«Description»
V sC onv er t er
C sC onv er t er
1. Power flow injection + operatingMode :CsOperatingModeKind
+ droop :PU
+ droopCompensation :Resistance
model +
+
pPccControl :CsPpccControlKind
targetAlpha :AngleDegrees
+ pPccControl :VsPpccControlKind
+ qPccControl :VsQpccControlKind
+ targetGamma :AngleDegrees
2. Detailed converter + targetIdc :CurrentFlow
+
+
qShare :PerCent
targetQpcc :ReactivePower
+ targetUpcc :Voltage
«enumeration»
C sO per a t i ngM odeK i nd «enumeration»
V sP pccC ont r ol K i nd
inverter
rectifier pPcc
udc
pPccAndUdcDroop
pPccAndUdcDroopWithCompensation
«enumeration» pPccAndUdcDroopPilot
C sP pccC ont r ol K i nd
«enumeration»
activePower
V sQ pccC ont r ol K i nd
dcVoltage
dcCurrent reactivePcc
voltagePcc
powerFactorPccSSH Profile – Operational Limits
Voltage/Reactive Power Control
• Field device responsiveness
• Fast: Synchronous Machines, SVC …
• Slow: Tap changers, switched devices …
• Control schemes
• Slow devices on schedule
• Move fast devices to optimal point using slow devices
• Minimize excessive operation of slow devices
• Balance reactive flow between parallel devices
• Power flow algorithms
• No CIM standard for control schemes
• Power flow programs differ -> solutions differsIEC 61970-456 Summary Points – Take Away • Enables modularized case construction • Operational planning • Long term and expansion planning • But ENTSO-E conformity process showed different interpretation possible • ENTSO-E and IEC standards converging on interpretation
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