A Context-Aware Android-Based Mobile Operating System: morphone.os - Android Competition in ESWeek 2011
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DIPARTIMENTO DI ELETTRONICA E INFORMAZIONE
A Context-Aware Android-Based
Mobile Operating System: morphone.os
Android Competition in ESWeek 2011
12 October, 2011
TICC – 201AF
Taipei, Taiwan
A. Bonetto, M. Maggio, A. Nacci, D. Sciuto, M. D. Santambrogio
The 3 elements
• Autonomic Systems via Self-Awareness
• User and Environment - Awareness
• A Context-Aware Mobile Operating Systems
2
The problem…
• Mobile devices have evolved immensely [*]
since 1983 both in design and function
§ System Complexity is skyrocketing
• Heterogeneous multicore processors
• Programmers cannot make efficient use of the
available resources
• Mobile technologies are constrained and
fluctuating
• In these devices, resources have to be
carefully managed
§ Low consideration of environment conditions
§ Both internal and external conditions are
rapidly changing and may influence the
behavior of the entire system
[*]"Motorola DYNATAC Cellular Radiotelephone Systems", Motorola Inc., Schaumburg, Ill., 1983.
3
A problem as a new opportunity
• Programming has become very difficult
§ Impossible to balance all constraints manually
• More computational horse-power than ever before
§ Cores are free
• Energy is new constraint
§ Software must become energy and space aware
• Mobile phones need context-awareness,
§ be aware of the surrounding environment conditions
§ know internal state
• To optimize and meet their requirements taking
advantage as much as possible of the context to
pursue concurrent goals
4
The first element
• Autonomic Systems via Self-Awareness
• User and Environment - Awareness
• A Context-Aware Mobile Operating Systems
5
Self-Aware Computing Systems
Systems that can (O) observe their runtime behavior,
(D) learn, and take (A) actions to meet desired goals
• A self-aware system is
§ Goal-oriented
• Tell the system what you want
• System’s job to figure out how to get there
§ Adaptive
• Observes itself
• Reflects on its behavior and learns
• Computes the delta between the goal and observed state
• Takes actions to optimize its behavior towards the goal
§ Self-healing
• Continues to function through faults
§ Approximate
• Does not expend any more effort than necessary to meet goals
6
Intelligent ODA loop
• ODA loop in the operating system involves
§ observing the situation (O),
§ decision making (D),
§ and taking action (A)
• Decision making (D) is a key component involving learning,
knowledge acquisition, and reasoning
§ Learning algorithms update knowledge DB with system and application status
§ Reasoning algorithms reference knowledge DB to perform analysis and
optimization
Heartbeat
Information
Heartbeat Observe
Information
ODA API
App
App-ODA Decide Act
enabling
App
Update
Learner
7
Observe: Heartbeats API and HRM
• Heartbeats express goals and current
performance
§ At key intervals, apps issue a heartbeat using
a simple function call
§ Apps also register desired performance with
other function calls
§ The performance (heart rate) can be read
within the application; or by another process
8
Act: Services (actuators + policies)
• A service represents a component capable of
performing changes (adaptive knobs tuning)
§ on one or more applications or
§ on the whole system
• Services are enabled or disabled by the services
coordinator
§ a service is an entity made of actuators and a
decision policy
§ when enabled, they are autonomous components
that can decide and act on the system
• Examples of Actuators
§ core allocator, frequency manager, data connection
adapter, adaptive scheduler, memory allocator…
9
Decide: Services Coordinator and Services
• How to coordinate several services?
§ Through a Services Coordinator:
• A machine-learning based centralized element
• It knows about monitored processes and services
• It gathers data about applications performance
levels and acts enabling or disabling services
• How to compute the value of an action?
§ Through conscious services (using the
decision policies)
• Make their decisions taking into account
performances of the monitored processes
• Usually implement a feedback loop that allows
them to create an independent ODA-based system
10ODA in morphone.OS
11The second element
• Autonomic Systems via Self-Awareness
• User and Environment - Awareness
• A Context-Aware Mobile Operating Systems
12morphone
morphone.app
App1 App2 App3 AppN
their environments and their habits
External Fluctuating Environment
Users: their behaviors,
morphone.OS
ODA Optimization Engine
Observe
Scheduler Locking Memory File
Hot-Swap
Mechanism Menager System
Decide Act
Adaptive Hardware Architecture
Core Rec. Device Memory Devices
Core Core FPGAs DRAM HD WSN Net Interf
Cache Cache Cache Cache Cache
: Monitors
: Adaptive Components
(i.e., Goals, Communication API)
: Adaptive Info (i.e, Goals,
location, appointmens)
: Performance : Monitoring Info
: Data/Instructions
13The morphone approach
• To react to different situations all the
information from different components
should not be disregarded
• Our approach uses all the information
that it can retrieve to create a model of
the context
§ Environment
§ Self
§ User behavior
14Some applicative scenarios
Environment-Aware User-Aware
Improve the interaction Improve the user
- Going to work with the environment - Working out experience
- @ work Improve the system
management - Take a nap Ease the interaction
with the user
15The third element
• Autonomic Systems via Self-Awareness
• User and Environment - Awareness
• A Context-Aware Mobile Operating Systems
16From Android to morphone.OS
• The ODA implementation has been added
by means of the Heartbeat framework
• Services to monitor the context have been
included
§ Environment (e.g., GPS position, light level…)
§ Self (e.g., CPU usage, processes status)
§ User (e.g., frequent actions, common
situations, future behaviors)
• Services to apply context-related policies
have been added
17An Adaptive 3G/2G Video Streaming
• It’s not always necessary to run at the
best, autonomously morphone.OS can
§ Save power
§ Without loosing in quality
• 600 MHz ARM 11
Qualcomm MSM7227
chipset
• 418MB RAM
18The game has just began…
• Within this work we
§ Proved the applicability and the benefits in
defining and using a Context-Aware OS
§ Enabled Context-Awareness via the design of a
Self-Aware OS
• More fun has yet to come
§ Extend the ML mechanism in the Service
Coordinator to
• Infer user habits
• Anticipate user wills
§ Define a programming model for morphone.app
§ SDK to ease morphone.app development
19END…
www.changegrp.org/morphone
Starting from Dec 2011
groups.google.com/group/morphoneos
www.youtube.com/user/changegrp
www.facebook.com/morphone.os
… more information @ the demo!You can also read
