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APA HELPSHEET
This is a brief guide to APA 7th Edition Referencing
In-Text Referencing
Where information from another source has been used in the assignment, it is supported with the author’s surname,
year of publication and page number if using a direct quotation.
• Quotations of less than 40 words are set out within the body of the text and enclosed with double quotation
marks “ ”.
• Quotations of more than 40 words are set out in a block, commenced on a new line and indented 5 spaces
from the left hand margin. Lines are double spaced and quotation marks are not used.
• Page numbers are not required when you summarise or paraphrase someone’s work.
Reference List
The Reference List at the end of the work contains the author’s surname and initials, title and publication details. These
include the edition and date of publication. For online resources, this can include website addresses with the hyperlink.
The Reference List must be set out as follows:
• In alphabetical order using the surname of the author
• If there is no author, use the title of the material
• Italics are to be used for book and journal titles, websites, and volume number of journals. The issue
number is not written in italics.
• Lines following the first line of entry must be indented 5 spaces.
Author
• Use the surname of the author, followed by the initials.
• Websites may have a Corporate Author, or be attributed to an organisation, which is then used as the
author. e.g. Martini, F. or Diabetes Australia
Date
• Books: use the publication date of the work or the copyright date if there is no publication date.
• Journals: use the publication date found on the item.
• WWW sites: use the copyright or update year.
• When a work is not dated it is noted as n.d. (no date).
Titles
• The first letter of the first word of the title is capitalised, as is the first letter of a word following a colon (the
subtitle).
• The first letter of each word of a journal title is written in capitals, not the title of the article within the
journal.
• Proper names are written with a capital.
e.g. Diseases: A nursing approach to excellent care OR Australian Nurses Journal.
Publisher’s Location
You are no longer required to list the place of publication.
Publishers
• Give the name of the publisher as briefly as possible. Omit the words Publishers, Co. or Inc., as long as the
name is understandable.
• If the author of the work is also the publisher, then write the word Author in the place for the publisher’s
name.
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© North Metropolitan TAFE 2020Examples to use as Guidelines for APA Referencing 7th Edition
In-Text Citation Reference List Citation
Books & eBooks
1 author (Campbell, 2018) Campbell, J. (2018). Web design: Introductory text for beginners (6th ed.).
OR Cengage Learning.
(Campbell, 2018, pp. 101-103)
2 authors (Bell & Stathaki, 2018) Bell, J., & Stathaki, E. (2018). The contemporary house. Thames &
OR Hudson.
(Bell & Stathaki, 2018, pp. 101-103)
3 or more Use the first author then et al. Up to the first nineteen authors are listed; subsequent authors are
authors omitted and replaced with an ellipsis (...) and then the last author is
(Berman et al., 2012) listed.
OR
(Berman et al., 2012), pp. 101-103) Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Levett-Jones, T., Dwyer, T., Hales, M., Harvey, N.,
Luxford Y., Moxham, L., Park, T., Parker, B., Reid-Searl, K. & Stanley,
D. (2012). Kozier and Erb's fundamentals of nursing (2nd Aust.
ed.). Pearson.
Book without In-text, use a few words of the title The title is not italicized, if there is no author.
an author in double quotation marks, with
capitals or the whole title if it is Tell me about the human body: Answers to hundreds of fascinating
short. questions. (2016). Chancellor.
(“Tell Me About The Human Body”,
2016)
OR
(“Tell Me About The Human Body”,
2016, pp. 101-103)
Book with an (Fortenberry, 2017) Fortenberry, D. (Ed.). (2017). The art museum. Phaidon Press.
editor OR
(Fortenberry, 2017, pp. 101-103)
Book chapter (Hughes & Wilson, 2016) Hughes, M., & Wilson, J. (2016). Advocacy: An overarching approach. In
OR E. Moore (Ed.), Case management: Inclusive community practice (pp.
(Hughes & Wilson, 2016, p. 144) 143 -164). Oxford University Press.
Image from a (Cohen & Hull, 2019, p. 138) Cohen, B., & Hull, K. (2019). Memmler's the human body in health and
book disease (14th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Dictionary (King, et al, 2016) King, J., Hawley, R., & Weller, B.F. (2016). Australian nurses' dictionary
OR (6th ed.). Elsevier.
(King, et al, 2016, p. 252)
Referencing a Acknowledge the author/s of the APA discourages the use of secondary sources and it is best practice to
Secondary secondary source and the in-text locate the original source, if possible.
Source will state (as cited in Author name, Only the book or article that has been read is the one included in the
Year, Page) Reference List.
The study by Chueh et al (as cited Kumar, R., Sarkar, B., Saha, S., & Equebal, A. (2017). Efficacy of Myofascial
in Kumar, Sarkar, Saha, and release technique in chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized
Equebal, 2017, p. 122). controlled trial. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational
Therapy, 11(1), 118–123. https://doi-
org.elogin02.dtwd.wa.gov.au/10.5958/0973-5674.2017.00023.5
2
© North Metropolitan TAFE 2020eBook (Briggs, 2019) Note: If you use the CITE/CITATION function you may need to edit the
OR reference to align with NMTafe's practice
(Briggs, 2019, pp. 6-7)
Briggs, J.K. (2019). Triage protocols for aging adults.
http://ovidsp.ovid.com.elogin02.dtwd.wa.gov.au/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&
CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=booktext&D=books&AN=02087434/1st_Editi
on/2&XPATH=/OVIDBOOK%5b1%5d/METADATA%5b1%5d/TBY%5b1
%5d
Online Resources & Social Media
Webpage (Diabetes WA, 2019) Diabetes WA. (2019). What's your risk?
https://diabeteswa.com.au/whats-your-risk/
Webpage (The Kidney Foundation of Canada, The Kidney Foundation of Canada. (n.d.). Early detection and prevention.
without a n.d.) https://www.kidney.ca/page.aspx?pid=332
date
Online Hurthouse & Pettigrove (2016) Hurthouse, R., & Pettigrove, G. (2016). Virtue ethics. In E. Zalta (Ed.),
encyclopedia describes... Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/
article
Online (Merriam-Webster, n.d.) When an online reference work is constantly updated and is not
Dictionary archived, use n.d. as the year of publication and include a full retrieval
date.
Merriam-Webster (n.d.) Diabetes.In Merriam-Webster.com online
dictionary. Retrieved January 24, 2020, from https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/diabetes#medicalDictionary
Image from a Place near image (underneath if Mapswire. (2018). Physical Map of Australia [Image].
website possible) https://mapswire.com/australia/physical-maps/
Physical Map of Australia,
(Mapswire, 2018)
Blackboard (North Metropolitan TAFE, 2019) Add [PowerPoint slides] in square brackets after title if appropriate.
North Metropolitan TAFE. (2019). Session 11 – Research and clinical
practice; media and Implementation: CHCPRP0L003 [PowerPoint
slides]. Blackboard.
https://blackboard.northmetrotafe.wa.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/
content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_15777_1&content_id=_1627682
_1
YouTube (Headspace Australia, 2018) Headspace Australia. (2018). Tips for good mental health [Video].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7634-yFjurA
Blog (This American Life, 2018) Titles are not italicized
This American Life. (2018, December 28). The room of requirement.
https://www.thisamericanlife.org/664/the-room-of-requirement
Podcast (Rissian, 2012) Rissian, L.C. (Producer). (2012, May 4). Twelve parsecs [Audio podcast].
http://itunes.apple.com
3
© North Metropolitan TAFE 2020Twitter Reuters Top News (2016)... Reuters Top News [Reuters]. (2016, November 1). Inside David Bowie's
art collection [Tweet]. Twitter.
https://www.twitter.com/i/moments/79357609028915200
Facebook (Gaiman, 2018) Delete the rest of the web address after the number string.
Titles are italicized
Gaiman, N. (2018, February 29). Please celebrate Leap Year Day in the
traditional manner by taking a writer out for dinner. It’s been four
years since many authors had a good dinner [Status update].
Facebook.
https://www.facebook.com/neilgaiman/posts/10150574185041016
Instagram (APA Style, 2018) OR APA Style Titles are italicized
(2018)...
APA Style [@officialapastyle]. (2018, December 5). Welcome to the
official Instagram for #APAStyle! We’re here to help you with your
APA Style questions. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/Bq-A-
dvBLiH/
Journal & News Articles
Journal article (Watson, 2014) Only the journal title is in italics and has capitals.
in print with
author Watson, T. (2014). Customer service in libraries: Best practices.
Australian Library Journal, 63(2), 170-171.
Journal article Shorten long article titles in-text; Budget: Hammond reveals plans for mental health support. (2018).
in print capitalise and enclose in double Nursing Times, 114(8), 8.
without an quotation marks.
author
(“Budget: Hammond”, 2018).
Journal article (Brewster & Morris, Brewster, D., & Morris, P.S. (2015). Indigenous child health: Are we
online 2015) OR (Brewster & Morris, making progress? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 51(1), 40-
2015, p. 45) 47. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jpc.12807
Journal article (Wali & Andre, 2018, p. 14) Wali, N., & Andre, M.N.R. (2018). “Our riches are our family”, the
from a changing family dynamics & social capital for new migrant families in
database Australia. PLoS One, 13(12)
http://dx.doi.org.elogin02.dtwd.wa.gov.au/10.1371/journal.pone.02
09421
Magazine (Cox, 2019) OR (Cox, 2019, p. 25) Cox, K. (2019, Autumn). Conservation time capsules. Wildlife Australia,
article Online 56(1), 24–26.
http://search.ebscohost.com.elogin02.dtwd.wa.gov.au/login.aspx?dir
ect=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=s1241971&db=anh&A
N=135416119&site=ehost-live
Newspaper (Tillett, 2018, p. 5) Tillett, A. (2018, May 9). Australians encouraged to age at home. The
article with an Australian Financial Review, p. 5.
author
Newspaper Shorten long article titles in-text; Only the name of the newspaper is capitalised and is italicised.
article capitalise and enclose in double
without an quotation marks. Economics nudging people away from war. (2017, December 16). The
author (“Economics Nudging” 2017), Age, p. 33.
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© North Metropolitan TAFE 2020Newspaper (Eden, 2006) Only the name of the newspaper is capitalised and is italicised.
article online
Eden, P. (2006, Aug 26). Climate report leaves me cold. The Daily
Telegraph. https://elogin02.dtwd.wa.gov.au/login?url=https://search-
proquest-
com.elogin02.dtwd.wa.gov.au/docview/321352258?accountid=35887
Artwork & Images
Original Place near image (underneath if Angus, J. (2011). Grow your own [Sculpture]. Forrest Place, Perth,
Artworks possible) Australia.
(Angus, 2011)
Image from a (Clarke & McCully, p. 80) Clarke, J. & McCully, M. (2017). Picasso encounters. Clark Art Institute.
book
Image from a Place near image (underneath if Duveneck, F., (1872.). Whistling boy [Oil painting].
Database possible) https://library.artstor.org/asset/CARNEGIE_4410001
(Duveneck, 1872)
Image from a Place near image (underneath if Warby, W. (2010). Maple tree [Image]. https://flic.kr/p/8PpEQD
Website possible)
(Warby, 2010)
Video & TV
DVD (Webb, 2017) Webb, M. (Director). (2017). Gifted [DVD]. Roadshow Entertainment.
Online Video (Smith, 2008) Smith, J. (Producer). (2008). Addicted to plastic [Video ].
https://elogin02.dtwd.wa.gov.au/login?url=https://nmtafewc.online.
clickview.com.au/share?shareCode=84106886
YouTube (Tait, 2013) Tait, J. (2013, November 24). Effective flipped learning note-taking.
[Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OawrEf6KjhU
Streaming (Angier, 2011) Angier, J. (Producer). (2011). Saving the ocean: Shark reef & the sacred
Service island [Video]. http://www.netflix.com
Ted Talk (Palmer, 2013) Palmer, A. (2013, February). Amanda Palmer: The art of asking [Video].
https://www.ted.com/talks/amanda_palmer_the_art_of_asking
5
© North Metropolitan TAFE 2020Online Film (Rodney, 2005) Rodney, K. (2005, October 22). A moviegoer’s Doom [Review of the film
Review Doom, 2003, by J. Brown & P. Smith].
http://www.rodneysreviews.com/doom.html
Radio (Hall, 2014) Hall, A. (Producer). (2014, May 1). Sane in insane places [Radio
broadcast]. BBC Radio 4.
TV Program (Lewis & Apted, 2019) Lewis, C. (Producer), & Apted, M. (Director). (2019). 63 up [TV series
episode]. SBS TV.
TV Series (Rhimes, 2005) Rhimes, S. (Executive Producer). (2005). Gray's Anatomy [TV series].
National Broadcasting Company.
TV or Radio (Henderson, 2016) Henderson, B. (Presenter). (2016, August 22). What a wonderful world
Transcript [Television transcript]. In Australian Story.
http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2016/s4525163.htm
Music
Recording (Lennon & McCartney, 2000, track Lennon, J., & McCartney, P. (2000). I want to hold your hand [Recorded
4) by The Beatles]. On The Beatles 1 [CD]. Apple Records.
Recording (Lennon & McCartney, 2000, track Lennon, J., & McCartney, P. (2000). I want to hold your hand [Recorded
Online 4) by The Beatles]. On The Beatles 1 [mp3]. http://www.amazon.com
Review (Print) (Hermes, 2013) Hermes, W. (2013, December). Sheryl Crow turns up the twang [Review
of Feels like home by Sheryl Crow]. Rolling Stone, (1191), 73.
Review (Hermes, 2013) Hermes, W. (2013, December). Sheryl Crow turns up the twang [Review
(Online) of Feels like home by Sheryl Crow]. Rolling Stone, (1191), 73.
http://search.ebscohost.com.elogin02.dtwd.wa.gov.au/login.aspx?dir
ect=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=s1241971&db=aph&A
N=90053731&site=ehost-live
Musical Score (Bieber, 2010) Bieber, J. (2010). Baby: Easy piano [Score]. Alfred Music.
(Print)
Musical Score (Bieber, 2010) Bieber, J. (2010). Baby: Easy piano [Score].
(Online) https://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/mtd.asp?ppn=MN0089930
Liner Note (Obiera, 1998) Obiera, P. (1998). Lyricism and exotic colour. In The pearl fishers [CD liner
notes]. Philips Classics.
Government Sources
Government (Department of Prime Minister and Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (2019). Closing the Gap: Prime
Report Cabinet, 2019) Minister’s Report 2019. https://www.pmc.gov.au/news-
centre/indigenous-affairs/closing-gap-2019-report
Australian (Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Childhood education and care:
Bureau of [ABS], 2018) Subsequent citations: Australia June 2017 (cat. no.4402.0).
Statistics (ABS, 2018) http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4402.0
Legislations (Occupational Health & Safety Act Occupational Health & Safety Act 1984 (WA).
1984, WA) https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/main_mrti
tle_650_homepage.html
6
© North Metropolitan TAFE 2020Standards & Patents
Standards (Standards Australia, 2015) Standards Australia. (2015). Placement and presentation of hand hygiene
materials in relation to the basin in healthcare settings (AS
1071:2015). https://www-saiglobal-
com.elogin02.dtwd.wa.gov.au/online/Script/OpenPDF.asp?DocN=EPC
O3240391461
Patents (Australian Patent No. AU Bevitt, A. J. (2018). Australian Patent No. AU 2018100960.
2018100960, 2018) http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/quickSearch.do?querySt
ring=2018100960.&resultsPerPage=10
Other Sources
Brochure (Alzheimer’s Association WA, n.d.) Alzheimer’s Association WA. (n.d.). Early onset of Alzheimer’s disease
[Brochure]. Author.
Personal The laboratory technician raised Personal Communications are not included in the Reference List.
Communication some concerns (G. Smith, personal Personal Communications include private letters, memos, emails from
communication, November 18, unarchived sources, personal interviews, oral histories and traditional
2018) that... knowledge of indigenous people, telephone conversations, and similar
resources.
Lecture Notes (North Metropolitan TAFE, 2019) North Metropolitan TAFE. (2019). Introduction to research [PowerPoint].
Blackboard. https://blackboard.northmetrotafe.wa.edu.au
PowerPoint In-text place on slide or in notes Referencing a PowerPoint presentation you have created still requires
field if it affects the display. the same elements as any other document reference: an in-text
reference and an end-text reference. Create a Reference List on the final
slide and place your in-text references at the bottom of the relevant
slide.
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