Appendix I - Soil quality indicators and ecosystem services - references - Defra, UK
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Appendix I - Soil quality indicators and ecosystem services – references
1. Can we benchmark indicators for the delivery of ecosystem services or specific soil
functions?
A'bear, A. D., Johnson, S. N. & Jones, T. H. 2014. Putting the 'upstairs-downstairs' into
ecosystem service: what can aboveground-belowground ecology tell us? Biological
Control, 75, 97-107.
Acreman, M. & Holden, J. 2013. How Wetlands Affect Floods. Wetlands, 33, 773-786.
Archer, N. A. L., Bonell, M., Coles, N., Macdonald, A. M., Auton, C. A. & Stevenson, R. 2013.
Soil Characteristics and Landcover Relationships on Soil Hydraulic Conductivity at a
Hillslope Scale: A View Towards Local Flood Management. Journal of Hydrology, 497,
208-222.
Armenise, E., Redmile-Gordon, M. A., Stellacci, A. M., Ciccarese, A. & Rubino, P. 2013.
Developing a soil quality index to compare soil fitness for agricultural use under
different managements in the Mediterranean environment. Soil & Tillage Research,
130, 91-98.
Ball, B. C., Batey, T. & Munkholm, L. J. 2007. Field Assessment of Soil Structural Quality - A
Development of the Peerlkamp Test. Soil Use and Management, 23, 329-337.
Banwart, S.A., Black, H., Cai, Z., Gicheru, P.T., Joosten, H., Luiz Victoria, R., Milne, E.,
Noellemeyer, E. And Pascual, U. (2015). The global challenge for soil carbon. In S.A.
Banwart, E. Noellemeyer and E. Milne (Eds.). Soil carbon – science, management and
policy for multiple benefits. Cab International, 2015. Scope Series 71, 10-25.
Banwart, S., Menon, M., Bernasconi, S. M., Bloem, J., Blum, W. E. H., Souza, D. M.,
Davidsdotir, B., Duffy, C., Lair, G. J., Kram, P., Lamacova, A., Lundin, L., Nikolaidis, N. P.,
Novak, M., Panagos, P., Ragnarsdottir, K. V., Reynolds, B., Robinson, D., Rousseva, S.,
De Ruiter, P., Van Gaans, P., Weng, L., White, T. & Zhang, B. 2012. Soil processes and
functions across an international network of critical zone observatories: Introduction
to experimental methods and initial results. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 344, 758-
772.
Cole, L., Bradford, M. A., Shaw, P. J. A. & Bardgett, R. D. 2006. The abundance, richness and
functional role of soil meso- and macrofauna in temperate grassland - a case study.
Applied Soil Ecology, 33, 186-198.
De Bello, F., Lavorel, S., Diaz, S., Harrington, R., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Bardgett, R. D., Berg, M.
P., Cipriotti, P., Feld, C. K., Hering, D., Da Silva, P. M., Potts, S. G., Sandin, L., Sousa, J.
P., Storkey, J., Wardle, D. A. & Harrison, P. A. 2010. Towards an assessment of multiple
ecosystem processes and services via functional traits. Biodiversity and Conservation,
19, 2873-2893.
Feld, C. K., Da Silva, P. M., Sousa, J. P., De Bello, F., Bugter, R., Grandin, U., Hering, D.,
Lavorel, S., Mountford, O., Pardo, I., Paertel, M., Roembke, J., Sandin, L., Jones, K. B. &
Harrison, P. 2009. Indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem services: a synthesis across
ecosystems and spatial scales. Oikos, 118, 1862-1871.
Feld, C. K., Sousa, J. P., Da Silva, P. M. & Dawson, T. P. 2010. Indicators for biodiversity and
ecosystem services: towards an improved framework for ecosystems assessment.
Biodiversity and conservation, 19, 2895-2919.
Kibblewhite, M. G., Ritz, K. & Swift, M. J. 2008. Soil health in agricultural systems.
Philosophical transactions of the royal society b-biological sciences, 363, 685-701.
1Legay, N., Baxendale, C., Grigulis, K., Krainer, U., Kastl, E., Schloter, M., Bardgett, R. D.,
Arnoldi, C., Bahn, M., Dumont, M., Poly, F., Pommier, T., Clement, J. C. & Lavorel, S.
2014. Contribution of above- and below-ground plant traits to the structure and
function of grassland soil microbial communities. Annals of botany, 114, 1011-1021.
Menon, M., Rousseva, S., Nikolaidis, N. P., Van Gaans, P., Panagos, P., Souza, D. M.,
Ragnarsdottir, K. V., Lair, G. J., Weng, L., Bloem, J., Kram, P., Novak, M., Davidsdottir,
B., Gisladottir, G., Robinson, D. A., Reynolds, B., White, T., Lundin, L., Zhang, B., Duffy,
C., Bernasconi, S. M., De Ruiter, P., Blum, W. E. H. & Banwart, S. A. 2014. Soiltrec: a
global initiative on critical zone research and integration. Environmental science and
pollution research, 21, 3191-3195.
Nortcliff, S. 2002. Standardisation of soil quality attributes. Agriculture Ecosystems &
Environment, 88, 161-168.
Pulleman, M., Creamer, R., Hamer, U., Helder, J., Pelosi, C., Peres, G. & Rutgers, M. 2012.
Soil Biodiversity, Biological Indicators and Soil Ecosystem Services-An Overview of
European Approaches. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 4, 529-538.
Ritz, K., Black, H. I. J., Campbell, C. D., Harris, J. A. & Wood, C. 2009. Selecting biological
indicators for monitoring soils: a framework for balancing scientific and technical
opinion to assist policy development. Ecological Indicators, 9, 1212-1221.
Smit, E., Bakker, P. A. H. M., Bergmans, H., Bloem, J., Griffiths, B. S., Rutgers, M., Sanvido, O.,
Singh, B. K., Van Veen, H., Wilhelm, R. & Glandorf, D. C. M. 2012. General surveillance
of the soil ecosystem: an approach to monitoring unexpected adverse effects of
GMO's. Ecological Indicators, 14, 107-113.
Storkey, J., Brooks, D., Haughton, A., Hawes, C., Smith, B. M. & Holland, J. M. 2013. Using
functional traits to quantify the value of plant communities to invertebrate ecosystem
service providers in arable landscapes. Journal of Ecology, 101, 38-46.
Usher, M. B., Sier, A. R. J., Hornung, M. & Millard, P. 2006. Understanding biological diversity
in soil: the UK's soil biodiversity research programme. Applied Soil Ecology, 33, 101-
113.
Webster, E. A., Hopkins, D. W., Chudek, J. A., Haslam, S. F. I., Simek, M. & Picek, T. 2001. The
relationship between microbial carbon and the resource quality of soil carbon. Journal
of Environmental Quality, 30, 147-150.
2. How can indicator values be interpreted with respect to ecosystem service
delivery?
Artz, R. R. E., Chapman, S. J., Siegenthaler, A., Mitchell, E. A. D., Buttler, A., Bortoluzzi, E.,
Gilbert, D., Yli-Petays, M., Vasander, H. & Francez, A.-J. 2008. Functional microbial
diversity in regenerating cutover peatlands responds to vegetation succession. Journal
of Applied Ecology, 45, 1799-1809.
Bardgett, R. D. & Cook, R. 1998. Functional aspects of soil animal diversity in agricultural
grasslands. Applied Soil Ecology, 10, 263-276.
Bardgett, R. D. & McAlister, E. 1999. The measurement of soil fungal: bacterial biomass
ratios as an indicator of ecosystem self-regulation in temperate meadow grasslands.
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 29, 282-290.
Buckland, S. T., Baillie, S. R., Dick, J. M., Elston, D. A., Magurran, A. E., Scott, E. M., Smith, R.
I., Somerfield, P. J., Studeny, A. C. & Watt, A. 2012. How should regional biodiversity
be monitored? Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 19, 601-626.
Bommarco, R., Kleijn, D. & Potts, S. G. 2013. Ecological intensification: harnessing ecosystem
services for food security. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28, 230-238.
2De Vries, F. T., Van Groenigen, J. W., Hoffland, E. & Bloem, J. 2011. Nitrogen losses from two
grassland soils with different fungal biomass. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 43, 997-
1005.
Fagan, K. C., Pywell, R. F., Bullock, J. M. & Marrs, R. H. 2010. Are ants useful indicators of
restoration success in temperate grasslands? Restoration Ecology, 18, 373-379.
Godley, A. R. 2004. Factors Affecting the Soil Microbial Quality Measurements of Biomass
Quotient and Respiration. Water and Environment Journal, 18, 73-79.
Griffiths, B. S., Bonkowski, M., Roy, J. & Ritz, K. 2001. Functional Stability, Substrate
Utilisation and Biological Indicators of Soils Following Environmental Impacts. Applied
Soil Ecology, 16, 49-61.
Grigulis, K., Lavorel, S., Krainer, U., Legay, N., Baxendale, C., Dumont, M., Kastl, E., Arnoldi,
C., Bardgett, R. D., Poly, F., Pommier, T., Schloter, M., Tappeiner, U., Bahn, M. &
Clement, J.-C. 2013. Relative Contributions of Plant Traits and Soil Microbial Properties
to Mountain Grassland Ecosystem Services. Journal of Ecology, 101, 47-57.
Hart, M. R. & Cornish, P. S. 2014. An Agronomic Test to Manage Phosphorus Environmental
Risk from Pastures with Good Grazing Management. Soil Research, 52, 293-298.
Hauser, S., Gang, E., Norgrove, L. & Birang, M. 2005. Decomposition of Plant Material as an
Indicator of Ecosystem Disturbance in Tropical Land Use Systems. Geoderma, 129, 99-
108.
Madejon, P., Maranon, T., Murillo, J. M. & Robinson, B. 2006. In Defence of Plants as
Biomonitors of Soil Quality. Environmental Pollution, 143, 1-3.
Mueller, L., Kay, B. D., Hu, C., Li, Y., Schindler, U., Behrendt, A., Shepherd, T. G. & Ball, B. C.
2009. Visual Assessment of Soil Structure: Evaluation Of Methodologies On Sites In
Canada, China And Germany Part I: Comparing Visual Methods and Linking Them with
Soil Physical Data and Grain Yield of Cereals. Soil & Tillage Research, 103, 178-187.
Mueller, L., Schindler, U., Mirschel, W., Shepherd, G.T., Ball, B. C., Helming, K., Rogasik, J.,
Eulenstein, F. & Wiggering, H. 2010. Assessing the Productivity Function of Soils. A
Review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30, 601-614.
Turner, B. L., Hopkins, D. W., Haygarth, P. M. & Ostle, N. 2002. Beta-Glucosidase Activity in
Pasture Soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 20, 157-162.
Worrall, F., Burt, T. P. & Adamson, J. 2008. Long-Term Records of Dissolved Organic Carbon
Flux from Peat-Covered Catchments: Evidence for a Drought Effect? Hydrological
Processes, 22, 3181-3193.
3. Are there any indicators that can detect change in ecosystem delivery within a
policy cycle?
Aalders, I., Hough, R. L., Towers, W., Black, H. I. J., Ball, B. C., Griffiths, B. S., Hopkins, D. W.,
Lilly, A., Mckenzie, B. M., Rees, R. M., Sinclair, A., Watson, C. & Campbell, C. D. 2009.
Considerations for Scottish Soil Monitoring In the European Context. European Journal
of Soil Science, 60, 833-843.
Bending, G. D., Putland, C. & Rayns, F. 2000. Changes in Microbial Community Metabolism
and Labile Organic Matter Fractions as Early Indicators of the Impact of Management
on Soil Biological Quality. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 31, 78-84.
Bone, J., Head, M., Barraclough, D., Archer, M., Scheib, C., Flight, D. & Voulvoulis, N. 2010.
Soil Quality Assessment under Emerging Regulatory Requirements. Environment
International, 36, 609-622.
3Garcia-Ruiz, R., Ochoa, V., Belen Hinojosa, M. & Antonio Carreira, J. 2008. Suitability of
Enzyme Activities for the Monitoring Of Soil Quality Improvement in Organic
Agricultural Systems. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 40, 2137-2145.
Kibblewhite, M. G., Miko, L. & Montanarella, L. 2012. Legal Frameworks for Soil Protection:
Current Development and Technical Information Requirements. Current Opinion in
Environmental Sustainability, 4, 573-577.
Zagal, E., Munoz, C., Quiroz, M. & Cordova, C. 2009. Sensitivity of Early Indicators for
Evaluating Quality Changes in Soil Organic Matter. Geoderma, 151, 191-198.
4. What is the practicality of different approaches?
Askari, M. S., Cui, J., O’Rourke, S. M. & Holden, N. M. 2015. Evaluation of Soil Structural
Quality Using Vis-NIR Spectra. Soil & Tillage Research, 146, 108-117.
Askari, M. S. & Holden, N. M. 2014. Indices for Quantitative Evaluation of Soil Quality under
Grassland Management. Geoderma, 230, 131-142.
Bone, J., Archer, M., Barraclough, D., Eggleton, P., Flight, D., Head, M., Jones, D. T., Scheib, C.
& Voulvoulis, N. 2012. Public Participation in Soil Surveys: Lessons from a Pilot Study in
England. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 3687-3696.
Bone, J., Barraclough, D., Eggleton, P., Head, M., Jones, D. T. & Voulvoulis, N. 2014.
Prioritising Soil Quality Assessment through the Screening of Sites: The Use of Publicly
Collected Data. Land Degradation & Development, 25, 251-266.
Chapman, S. J., Campbell, C. D. & Artz, R. R. E. 2007. Assessing CLPP’s Using Microresp (Tm) -
A Comparison with Biolog and Multi-Sir. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 7, 406-410.
Creamer, R. E., Bellamy, P., Black, H. I. J., Cameron, C. M., Campbell, C. D., Chamberlain, P.,
Harris, J., Parekh, N., Pawlett, M., Poskitt, J., Stone, D. & Ritz, K. 2009. An Inter-
Laboratory Comparison Of Multi-Enzyme And Multiple Substrate-Induced Respiration
Assays To Assess Method Consistency In Soil Monitoring. Biology and Fertility of Soils,
45, 623-633.
Cui, J., Askari, M. S. & Holden, N. M. 2014. Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure under
Grassland Management. Soil Use and Management, 30, 129-138.
Danielsen, F., Burgess, N. D. & Balmford, A. 2005. Monitoring Matters: Examining the
Potential of Locally-Based Approaches. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14, 2507-2542.
Fyfe, R. M., Coombe, R., Davies, H. & Parry, L. 2014. The Importance of Sub-Peat Carbon
Storage As Shown By Data from Dartmoor, UK. Soil Use and Management, 30, 23-31.
Guerrero, C., Stenberg, B., Wetterlind, J., Rossel, R. A. V., Maestre, F. T., Mouazen, A. M.,
Zornoza, R., Ruiz-Sinoga, J. D. & Kuang, B. 2014. Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon at
Local Scale with Spiked Nir Calibrations: Effects of Selection and Extra-Weighting on
the Spiking Subset. European Journal of Soil Science, 65, 248-263.
Parry, L. E., West, L. J., Holden, J. & Chapman, P. J. 2014. Evaluating Approaches for
Estimating Peat Depth. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 119, 567-576.
Yang, H., Kuang, B. & Mouazen, A. M. 2012. Quantitative Analysis Of Soil Nitrogen And
Carbon At A Farm Scale Using Visible And Near Infrared Spectroscopy Coupled With
Wavelength Reduction. European Journal of Soil Science, 63, 410-420.
5. Are there any established envelopes of normality for SQI’s?
Bhogal, A., Nicholson, F. A. & Chambers, B. J. 2009. Organic Carbon Additions: Effects on Soil
Bio-Physical and Physico-Chemical Properties. European Journal of Soil Science, 60,
276-286.
4Girvan, M.S., Campbell, C.D., Kilham, K., Proser, J. I. & Glover, L. A. 2005. Bacterial Diversity
Promotes Community Stability And Functional Resilience After Perturbation.
Environmental Microbiology, 7, 301-313.
Glendell, M., Granger, S. J., Bol, R. & Brazier, R. E. 2014. Quantifying the Spatial Variability of
Soil Physical and Chemical Properties In Relation To Mitigation of Diffuse Water
Pollution. Geoderma, 214, 25-41.
Griffiths, B. S., Daniell, T. J., Donn, S. & Neilson, R. 2012. Bioindication Potential of Using
Molecular Characterisation of the Nematode Community: Response to Soil Tillage.
European Journal of Soil Biology, 49, 92-97.
Guimaraes, R. M., Ball, B. C., Tormena, C. A., Balarezo Giarola, N. F. & Da Silva, A. P. 2013.
Relating Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure to Other Physical Properties in Soils of
Contrasting Texture and Management. Soil & Tillage Research, 127, 92-99.
Hartley, W., Uffindell, L., Plumb, A., Rawlinson, H. A., Putwain, P. & Dickinson, N. M. 2008.
Assessing Biological Indicators for Remediated Anthropogenic Urban Soils. Science of
the Total Environment, 405, 358-369.
Keith, A. M., Boots, B., Hazard, C., Niechoj, R., Arroyo, J., Bending, G. D., Bolger, T., Breen, J.,
Clipson, N., Doohan, F. M., Griffin, C. T. & Schmidt, O. 2012. Cross-Taxa Congruence,
Indicators and Environmental Gradients in Soils under Agricultural and Extensive Land
Management. European Journal of Soil Biology, 49, 55-62.
Munro, T. L., Cook, H. F. & Lee, H. C. 2002. Sustainability Indicators Used To Compare
Properties Of Organic And Conventionally Managed Topsoils. Biological Agriculture &
Horticulture, 20, 201-214.
Newell-Price, J. P., Whittingham, M. J., Chambers, B. J. & Peel, S. 2013. Visual Soil Evaluation
in Relation to Measured Soil Physical Properties in a Survey of Grassland Soil
Compaction in England and Wales. Soil & Tillage Research, 127, 65-73.
Robinson-Boyer, L., Grzyb, I. & Jeffries, P. 2009. Shifting the Balance from Qualitative To
Quantitative Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Communities in Field Soils. Fungal
Ecology, 2, 1-9.
Smith, R., Pollard, S. J. T., Weeks, J. M. & Nathanail, C. P. 2005. Assessing Significant Harm to
Terrestrial Ecosystems from Contaminated Land. Soil Use and Management, 21, 527-
540.
Smith, R. S., Shiel, R. S., Bardgett, R. D., Millward, D., Corkhill, P., Rolph, G., Hobbs, P. J. &
Peacock, S. 2003. Soil Microbial Community, Fertility, Vegetation and Diversity as
Targets in the Restoration Management of a Meadow Grassland. Journal of Applied
Ecology, 40, 51-64.
Sousa, J. P., Bolger, T., Da Gama, M. M., Lukkari, T., Ponge, J.-F., Simon, C., Traser, G.,
Vanbergen, A. J., Brennan, A., Dubs, F., Ivits, E., Keating, A., Stofer, S. & Watt, A. D.
2006. Changes In Collembola Richness And Diversity Along A Gradient Of Land Use
Intensity: A Pan European Study. Pedobiologia, 50, 147-156.
6. What do changes in soil biodiversity and soil C content mean for ecosystem service
delivery?
Beaumont, N. J., Jones, L., Garbutt, A., Hansom, J. D. & Toberman, M. 2014. The Value Of
Carbon Sequestration And Storage In Coastal Habitats. Estuarine Coastal And Shelf
Science, 137, 32-40.
Bradford, M. A., Wood, S. A., Bardgett, R. D., Black, H. I. J., Bonkowski, M., Eggers, T.,
Grayston, S. J., Kandeler, E., Manning, P., Setala, H. & Jones, T. H. 2014. Discontinuity
In The Responses Of Ecosystem Processes And Multifunctionality To Altered Soil
5Community Composition. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The
United States Of America, 111, 14478-14483.
Buckingham, S., Rees, R. M. & Watson, C. A. 2014. Issues And Pressures Facing The Future Of
Soil Carbon Stocks With Particular Emphasis On Scottish Soils. Journal Of Agricultural
Science, 152, 699-715.
De Deyn, G. B., Quirk, H., Yi, Z., Oakley, S., Ostle, N. J. & Bardgett, R. D. 2009. Vegetation
Composition Promotes Carbon And Nitrogen Storage In Model Grassland Communities
Of Contrasting Soil Fertility. Journal Of Ecology, 97, 864-875.
De Deyn, G. B., Shiel, R. S., Ostle, N. J., Mcnamara, N. P., Oakley, S., Young, I., Freeman, C.,
Fenner, N., Quirk, H. & Bardgett, R. D. 2011. Additional Carbon Sequestration Benefits
Of Grassland Diversity Restoration. Journal Of Applied Ecology, 48, 600-608.
De Vries, F. T., Thebault, E., Liiri, M., Birkhofer, K., Tsiafouli, M. A., Bjornlund, L., Jorgensen,
H. B., Brady, M. V., Christensen, S., De Ruiter, P. C., D'hertefeldt, T., Frouz, J., Hedlund,
K., Hemerik, L., Hol, W. H. G., Hotes, S., Mortimer, S. R., Setala, H., Sgardelis, S. P.,
Uteseny, K., Van Der Putten, W. H., Wolters, V. & Bardgett, R. D. 2013. Soil Food Web
Properties Explain Ecosystem Services Across European Land Use Systems.
Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America,
110, 14296-14301.
Deacon, L. J., Pryce-Miller, E. J., Frankland, J. C., Bainbridge, B. W., Moore, P. D. & Robinson,
C. H. 2006. Diversity And Function Of Decomposer Fungi From A Grassland Soil. Soil
Biology & Biochemistry, 38, 7-20.
Everwand, G., Fry, E. L., Eggers, T. & Manning, P. 2014. Seasonal Variation In The Capacity
For Plant Trait Measures To Predict Grassland Carbon And Water Fluxes. Ecosystems,
17, 1095-1108.
Fenner, N., Freeman, C. & Reynolds, B. 2005. Hydrological Effects On The Diversity Of
Phenolic Degrading Bacteria In A Peatland: Implications For Carbon Cycling. Soil
Biology & Biochemistry, 37, 1277-1287.
Fornara, D. A. & Tilman, D. 2008. Plant Functional Composition Influences Rates Of Soil
Carbon And Nitrogen Accumulation. Journal Of Ecology, 96, 314-322. Citations: 163
Fornara, D. A., Tilman, D. & Hobbie, S. E. 2009. Linkages Between Plant Functional
Composition, Fine Root Processes And Potential Soil N Mineralization Rates. Journal Of
Ecology, 97, 48-56.
Hooker, J. E. & Black, K. E. 1995. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi As Components Of
Sustainable Soil-Plant Systems. Critical Reviews In Biotechnology, 15, 201-212.
Lavelle, P., Bignell, D., Lepage, M., Wolters, V., Roger, P., Ineson, P., Heal, O. W. & Dhillion, S.
1997. Soil Function In A Changing World: The Role Of Invertebrate Ecosystem
Engineers. European Journal Of Soil Biology, 33, 159-193.
Lavorel, S., Storkey, J., Bardgett, R. D., De Bello, F., Berg, M. P., Le Roux, X., Moretti, M.,
Mulder, C., Pakeman, R. J., Diaz, S. & Harrington, R. 2013. A Novel Framework For
Linking Functional Diversity Of Plants With Other Trophic Levels For The Quantification
Of Ecosystem Services. Journal Of Vegetation Science, 24, 942-948.
Legay, N., Baxendale, C., Grigulis, K., Krainer, U., Kastl, E., Schloter, M., Bardgett, R. D.,
Arnoldi, C., Bahn, M., Dumont, M., Poly, F., Pommier, T., Clement, J. C. & Lavorel, S.
2014. Contribution Of Above- And Below-Ground Plant Traits To The Structure And
Function Of Grassland Soil Microbial Communities. Annals Of Botany, 114, 1011-1021.
Loveland, P. & Webb, J. 2003. Is There A Critical Level Of Organic Matter In The Agricultural
Soils Of Temperate Regions: A Review. Soil & Tillage Research, 70, 1-18. Citations: 200
6Appendix II – Soil degradation – references
1. At what point do degradation processes significantly affect soil quality and
function?
Bakker, M. M., Govers, G., Jones, R. A. & Rounsevell, M. D. A. 2007. The Effect of Soil Erosion
on Europe's Crop Yields. Ecosystems, 10, 1209-1219.
Batterbury, S. P. J. & Bebbington, A. J. 1999. Environmental Histories, Access to Resources
And Landscape Change: An Introduction. Land Degradation & Development, 10, 279-
289.
Boardman, J. & Favis-Mortlock, D. T. 2014. The Significance Of Drilling Date And Crop Cover
With Reference To Soil Erosion By Water, With Implications For Mitigating Erosion
On Agricultural Land In South East England. Soil Use And Management, 30, 40-47.
Boardman, J., Shepheard, M. L., Walker, E. & Foster, I. D. L. 2009. Soil Erosion And Risk-
Assessment For On- And Off-Farm Impacts: A Test Case Using The Midhurst Area,
West Sussex, Uk. Journal Of Environmental Management, 90, 2578-2588.
Bragazza, L., Freeman, C., Jones, T., Rydin, H., Limpens, J., Fenner, N., Ellis, T., Gerdol, R.,
Hajek, M., Hajek, T., Lacumin, P., Kutnar, L., Tahvanainen, T. & Toberman, H. 2006.
Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Promotes Carbon Loss From Peat Bogs.
Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America,
103, 19386-19389.
Evans, C. D., Jones, T. G., Burden, A., Ostle, N., Zielinski, P., Cooper, M. D. A., Peacock, M.,
Clark, J. M., Oulehle, F., Cooper, D. & Freeman, C. 2012. Acidity Controls On
Dissolved Organic Carbon Mobility In Organic Soils. Global Change Biology, 18, 3317-
3331.
Holman, I. P., Hollis, J. M., Bramley, M. E. & Thompson, T. R. E. 2003. The Contribution Of
Soil Structural Degradation To Catchment Flooding: A Preliminary Investigation Of
The 2000 Floods In England And Wales. Hydrology And Earth System Sciences, 7,
754-765.
Lewis, T. D., Rowan, J. S., Hawes, C. & Mckenzie, B. M. 2013. Assessing The Significance Of
Soil Erosion For Arable Weed Seedbank Diversity In Agro-Ecosystems. Progress In
Physical Geography, 37, 622-641.
Power, S. A., Green, E. R., Barker, C. G., Bell, J. N. B. & Ashmore, M. R. 2006. Ecosystem
Recovery: Heathland Response To A Reduction In Nitrogen Deposition. Global
Change Biology, 12, 1241-1252.
Rickson, R. J. 2014. Can Control Of Soil Erosion Mitigate Water Pollution By Sediments?
Science Of The Total Environment, 468, 1187-1197.
Van Den Berg, L. J. L., Vergeer, P., Rich, T. C. G., Smart, S. M., Guest, D. & Ashmore, M. R.
2011. Direct And Indirect Effects Of Nitrogen Deposition On Species Composition
Change In Calcareous Grasslands. Global Change Biology, 17, 1871-1883.
Verheijen, F. G. A., Jones, R. J. A., Rickson, R. J. & Smith, C. J. 2009. Tolerable Versus Actual
Soil Erosion Rates In Europe. Earth-Science Reviews, 94, 23-38.
Verheijen, F. G. A., Jones, R. J. A., Rickson, R. J., Smith, C. J., Bastos, A. C., Nunes, J. P. &
Keizer, J. J. 2012. Concise Overview Of European Soil Erosion Research And
Evaluation. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil And Plant Science, 62, 185-
190.
72. How is soil degradation best measured and can any tipping points for soil function
and the delivery of the key ecosystem services be identified?
Dupre, C., Stevens, C. J., Ranke, T., Bleeker, A., Peppler-Lisbach, C., Gowing, D. J. G., Dise, N.
B., Dorland, E., Bobbink, R. & Diekmann, M. 2010. Changes In Species Richness And
Composition In European Acidic Grasslands Over The Past 70 Years: The Contribution
Of Cumulative Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition. Global Change Biology, 16, 344-
357.
Evans, R. 2010. Runoff And Soil Erosion In Arable Britain: Changes In Perception And Policy
Since 1945. Environmental Science & Policy, 13, 141-149.
Kibblewhite, M. G., Bellamy, P. H., Brewer, T. R., Graves, A. R., Dawson, C. A., Rickson, R. J.,
Truckell, I. & Stuart, J. 2014. An Exploration Of Spatial Risk Assessment For Soil
Protection: Estimating Risk And Establishing Priority Areas For Soil Protection.
Science Of The Total Environment, 473, 692-701.
Loveland, P. & Webb, J. 2003. Is There A Critical Level Of Organic Matter In The Agricultural
Soils Of Temperate Regions: A Review. Soil & Tillage Research, 70, 1-18.
Phoenix, G. K., Emmett, B. A., Britton, A. J., Caporn, S. J. M., Dise, N. B., Helliwell, R., Jones,
L., Leake, J. R., Leith, I. D., Sheppard, L. J., Sowerby, A., Pilkington, M. G., Rowe, E. C.,
Ashmorek, M. R. & Power, S. A. 2012. Impacts Of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition:
Responses Of Multiple Plant And Soil Parameters Across Contrasting Ecosystems In
Long-Term Field Experiments. Global Change Biology, 18, 1197-1215.
Prendergast-Miller, M., Cole, L., Standen, V., Rees, R., Parker, J., Leith, I. & Sheppard, L. 2008.
Are Enchytraeid Worms (Oligochaeta) Sensitive Indicators Of Ammonia-N Impacts On
An Ombrotrophic Bog? European Journal Of Soil Biology, 44, 101-108.
Power, S. A., Green, E. R., Barker, C. G., Bell, J. N. B. & Ashmore, M. R. 2006. Ecosystem
Recovery: Heathland Response To A Reduction In Nitrogen Deposition. Global
Change Biology, 12, 1241-1252.
Rickson, R. J. 2014. Can Control Of Soil Erosion Mitigate Water Pollution By Sediments?
Science Of The Total Environment, 468, 1187-1197.
Van Den Berg, L. J. L., Vergeer, P., Rich, T. C. G., Smart, S. M., Guest, D. & Ashmore, M. R.
2011. Direct And Indirect Effects Of Nitrogen Deposition On Species Composition
Change In Calcareous Grasslands. Global Change Biology, 17, 1871-1883.
Verheijen, F. G. A., Jones, R. J. A., Rickson, R. J. & Smith, C. J. 2009. Tolerable Versus Actual
Soil Erosion Rates In Europe. Earth-Science Reviews, 94, 23-38.
Verheijen, F. G. A., Jones, R. J. A., Rickson, R. J., Smith, C. J., Bastos, A. C., Nunes, J. P. &
Keizer, J. J. 2012. Concise Overview Of European Soil Erosion Research And
Evaluation. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil And Plant Science, 62, 185-
190.
3. How is climate change likely to affect soil degradation processes?
Evans, C. D., Jones, T. G., Burden, A., Ostle, N., Zielinski, P., Cooper, M. D. A., Peacock, M.,
Clark, J. M., Oulehle, F., Cooper, D. & Freeman, C. 2012. Acidity Controls On
Dissolved Organic Carbon Mobility In Organic Soils. Global Change Biology, 18, 3317-
3331.
8Mullan, D. 2013. Soil Erosion Under The Impacts Of Future Climate Change: Assessing The
Statistical Significance Of Future Changes And The Potential On-Site And Off-Site
Problems. Catena, 109, 234-246.
9Appendix III - Sustainable soils – references
1. What targets should we have for soil quality?
A'bear, A. D., Johnson, S. N. & Jones, T. H. 2014. Putting The 'Upstairs-Downstairs' Into
Ecosystem Service: What Can Aboveground-Belowground Ecology Tell Us? Biological
Control, 75, 97-107.
Anderson, J. M. 2009. Why Should We Care About Soil Fauna? Pesquisa Agropecuaria
Brasileira, 44, 835-842.Bell, T., Newman, J. A., Silverman, B. W., Turner, S. L. & Lilley,
A. K. 2005. The Contribution Of Species Richness And Composition To Bacterial
Services. Nature, 436, 1157-1160.
Blouin, M., Hodson, M. E., Delgado, E. A., Baker, G., Brussaard, L., Butt, K. R., Dai, J.,
Dendooven, L., Peres, G., Tondoh, J. E., Cluzeau, D. & Brun, J. J. 2013. A Review Of
Earthworm Impact On Soil Function And Ecosystem Services. European Journal Of
Soil Science, 64, 161-182.
Bone, J., Head, M., Barraclough, D., Archer, M., Scheib, C., Flight, D. & Voulvoulis, N. 2010.
Soil Quality Assessment Under Emerging Regulatory Requirements. Environment
International, 36, 609-622.
De Vries, F. T., Thebault, E., Liiri, M., Birkhofer, K., Tsiafouli, M. A., Bjornlund, L., Jorgensen,
H. B., Brady, M. V., Christensen, S., De Ruiter, P. C., D'hertefeldt, T., Frouz, J.,
Hedlund, K., Hemerik, L., Hol, W. H. G., Hotes, S., Mortimer, S. R., Setala, H.,
Sgardelis, S. P., Uteseny, K., Van Der Putten, W. H., Wolters, V. & Bardgett, R. D.
2013. Soil Food Web Properties Explain Ecosystem Services Across European Land
Use Systems. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States
Of America, 110, 14296-14301.
Glendell, M., Granger, S. J., Bol, R. & Brazier, R. E. 2014. Quantifying The Spatial Variability
Of Soil Physical And Chemical Properties In Relation To Mitigation Of Diffuse Water
Pollution. Geoderma, 214, 25-41.
Grigulis, K., Lavorel, S., Krainer, U., Legay, N., Baxendale, C., Dumont, M., Kastl, E., Arnoldi,
C., Bardgett, R. D., Poly, F., Pommier, T., Schloter, M., Tappeiner, U., Bahn, M. &
Clement, J.-C. 2013. Relative Contributions Of Plant Traits And Soil Microbial
Properties To Mountain Grassland Ecosystem Services. Journal Of Ecology, 101, 47-
57.
Jackson, L. E., Pascual, U. & Hodgkin, T. 2007. Utilizing And Conserving Agrobiodiversity In
Agricultural Landscapes. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 121, 196-210.
Kibblewhite, M. G., Bellamy, P. H., Brewer, T. R., Graves, A. R., Dawson, C. A., Rickson, R. J.,
Truckell, I. & Stuart, J. 2014. An Exploration Of Spatial Risk Assessment For Soil
Protection: Estimating Risk And Establishing Priority Areas For Soil Protection.
Science Of The Total Environment, 473, 692-701.
Kibblewhite, M. G., Ritz, K. & Swift, M. J. 2008. Soil Health In Agricultural Systems.
Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 363, 685-701.
Parry, L. E., Charman, D. J. & Noades, J. P. W. 2012. A Method For Modelling Peat Depth In
Blanket Peatlands. Soil Use And Management, 28, 614-624.
Thiele-Bruhn, S., Bloem, J., De Vries, F. T., Kalbitz, K. & Wagg, C. 2012. Linking Soil
Biodiversity And Agricultural Soil Management. Current Opinion In Environmental
Sustainability, 4, 523-528.
10Usher, M. B., Sier, A. R. J., Hornung, M. & Millard, P. 2006. Understanding Biological
Diversity In Soil: The Uk's Soil Biodiversity Research Programme. Applied Soil
Ecology, 33, 101-113.
Verheijen, F. G. A., Jones, R. J. A., Rickson, R. J., Smith, C. J., Bastos, A. C., Nunes, J. P. &
Keizer, J. J. 2012. Concise Overview Of European Soil Erosion Research And
Evaluation. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil And Plant Science, 62, 185-
190.
2. What properties should a sustainable soil have?
Banwart, S., Menon, M., Bernasconi, S. M., Bloem, J., Blum, W. E. H., Souza, D. M.,
Davidsdotir, B., Duffy, C., Lair, G. J., Kram, P., Lamacova, A., Lundin, L., Nikolaidis, N.
P., Novak, M., Panagos, P., Ragnarsdottir, K. V., Reynolds, B., Robinson, D., Rousseva,
S., De Ruiter, P., Van Gaans, P., Weng, L., White, T. & Zhang, B. 2012. Soil Processes
And Functions Across An International Network Of Critical Zone Observatories:
Introduction To Experimental Methods And Initial Results. Comptes Rendus
Geoscience, 344, 758-772.
Chapman, S. J. & Thurlow, M. 1998. Peat Respiration At Low Temperatures. Soil Biology &
Biochemistry, 30, 1013-1021.
Creamer, R. E., Rimmer, D. L. & Black, H. I. J. 2008. Do Elevated Soil Concentrations Of
Metals Affect The Diversity And Activity Of Soil Invertebrates In The Long-Term? Soil
Use And Management, 24, 37-46.
De Vries, F. T., Van Groenigen, J. W., Hoffland, E. & Bloem, J. 2011. Nitrogen Losses From
Two Grassland Soils With Different Fungal Biomass. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 43,
997-1005.
Dickie, I. A., Martinez-Garcia, L. B., Koele, N., Grelet, G. A., Tylianakis, J. M., Peltzer, D. A. &
Richardson, S. J. 2013. Mycorrhizas And Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities
Throughout Ecosystem Development. Plant And Soil, 367, 11-39.
Eisenhauer, N., Bessler, H., Engels, C., Gleixner, G., Habekost, M., Milcu, A., Partsch, S.,
Sabais, A. C. W., Scherber, C., Steinbeiss, S., Weigelt, A., Weisser, W. W. & Scheu, S.
2010. Plant Diversity Effects On Soil Microorganisms Support The Singular
Hypothesis. Ecology, 91, 485-496.
Moyano, F. E., Vasilyeva, N., Bouckaert, L., Cook, F., Craine, J., Yuste, J. C., Don, A., Epron, D.,
Formanek, P., Franzluebbers, A., Ilstedt, U., Katterer, T., Orchard, V., Reichstein, M.,
Rey, A., Ruamps, L., Subke, J. A., Thomsen, I. K. & Chenu, C. 2012. The Moisture
Response Of Soil Heterotrophic Respiration: Interaction With Soil Properties.
Biogeosciences, 9, 1173-1182.
Mueller, L., Schindler, U., Mirschel, W., Grahamshepherd, T., Ball, B. C., Helming, K., Rogasik,
J., Eulenstein, F. & Wiggering, H. 2010. Assessing The Productivity Function Of Soils.
A Review. Agronomy For Sustainable Development, 30, 601-614.
Orwin, K. H., Buckland, S. M., Johnson, D., Turner, B. L., Smart, S., Oakley, S. & Bardgett, R.
D. 2010. Linkages Of Plant Traits To Soil Properties And The Functioning Of
Temperate Grassland. Journal Of Ecology, 98, 1074-1083.
3. Is there a model for sustainable soils to deliver the key ecosystem services?
A'bear, A. D., Jones, T. H. & Boddy, L. 2014. Size Matters: What Have We Learnt From
Microcosm Studies Of Decomposer Fungus-Invertebrate Interactions? Soil Biology &
Biochemistry, 78, 274-283.
11Aitkenhead, M. J., Albanito, F., Jones, M. B. & Black, H. I. J. 2011. Development And Testing
Of A Process-Based Model (Moses) For Simulating Soil Processes, Functions And
Ecosystem Services. Ecological Modelling, 222, 3795-3810.
Apitz, S. E. 2012. Conceptualizing The Role Of Sediment In Sustaining Ecosystem Services:
Sediment-Ecosystem Regional Assessment (Secora). Science Of The Total
Environment, 415, 9-30.
Banwart, S., Bernasconi, S. M., Bloem, J., Blum, W., Brandao, M., Brantley, S., Chabaux, F.,
Duffy, C., Kram, P., Lair, G., Lundin, L., Nikolaidis, N., Novak, M., Panagos, P.,
Ragnarsdottir, K. V., Reynolds, B., Rousseva, S., De Ruiter, P., Van Gaans, P., Van
Riemsdijk, W., White, T. & Zhang, B. 2011. Soil Processes And Functions In Critical
Zone Observatories: Hypotheses And Experimental Design. Vadose Zone Journal, 10,
974-987.
Banwart, S., Menon, M., Bernasconi, S. M., Bloem, J., Blum, W. E. H., Souza, D. M.,
Davidsdotir, B., Duffy, C., Lair, G. J., Kram, P., Lamacova, A., Lundin, L., Nikolaidis, N.
P., Novak, M., Panagos, P., Ragnarsdottir, K. V., Reynolds, B., Robinson, D., Rousseva,
S., De Ruiter, P., Van Gaans, P., Weng, L., White, T. & Zhang, B. 2012. Soil Processes
And Functions Across An International Network Of Critical Zone Observatories:
Introduction To Experimental Methods And Initial Results. Comptes Rendus
Geoscience, 344, 758-772.
Cowie, A. L., Penman, T. D., Gorissen, L., Winslow, M. D., Lehmann, J., Tyrrell, T. D., Twomlow,
S., Wilkes, A., Lal, R., Jones, J. W., Paulsch, A., Kellner, K. & Akhtar-Schuster, M. 2011.
Towards Sustainable Land Management In The Drylands: Scientific Connections In
Monitoring And Assessing Dryland Degradation, Climate Change And Biodiversity.
Land Degradation & Development, 22, 248-260.
De Deyn, G. B., Quirk, H., Yi, Z., Oakley, S., Ostle, N. J. & Bardgett, R. D. 2009. Vegetation
Composition Promotes Carbon And Nitrogen Storage In Model Grassland
Communities Of Contrasting Soil Fertility. Journal Of Ecology, 97, 864-875.
Osullivan, M. F. & Simota, C. 1995. Modeling The Environmental Impacts Of Soil Compaction
- A Review. Soil & Tillage Research, 35, 69-84.
Wilkinson, M. E., Quinn, P. F., Barber, N. J. & Jonczyk, J. 2014. A Framework For Managing
Runoff And Pollution In The Rural Landscape Using A Catchment Systems Engineering
Approach. Science Of The Total Environment, 468, 1245-1254.
4. What effect may climate change have on aspirational soil quality targets?
A'bear, A. D., Jones, T. H. & Boddy, L. 2014. Potential Impacts Of Climate Change On
Interactions Among Saprotrophic Cord-Forming Fungal Mycelia And Grazing Soil
Invertebrates. Fungal Ecology, 10, 34-43.
Bardgett, R. D., Manning, P., Morrien, E. & De Vries, F. T. 2013. Hierarchical Responses Of
Plant-Soil Interactions To Climate Change: Consequences For The Global Carbon
Cycle. Journal Of Ecology, 101, 334-343.
Dalias, P., Anderson, J. M., Bottner, P. & Couteaux, M. M. 2001. Long-Term Effects Of
Temperature On Carbon Mineralisation Processes. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 33,
1049-1057.
De Vries, F. T. & Shade, A. 2013. Controls On Soil Microbial Community Stability Under
Climate Change. Frontiers In Microbiology, 4.
Emmett, B. A., Beier, C., Estiarte, M., Tietema, A., Kristensen, H. L., Williams, D., Penuelas, J.,
Schmidt, I. & Sowerby, A. 2004. The Response Of Soil Processes To Climate Change:
12Results From Manipulation Studies Of Shrublands Across An Environmental Gradient.
Ecosystems, 7, 625-637.
Heinemeyer, A., Ridgway, K. P., Edwards, E. J., Benham, D. G., Young, J. P. W. & Fitter, A. H.
2004. Impact Of Soil Warming And Shading On Colonization And Community
Structure Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In Roots Of A Native Grassland
Community. Global Change Biology, 10, 52-64.
Holmstrup, M., Sorensen, J. G., Schmidt, I. K., Nielsen, P. L., Mason, S., Tietema, A., Smith, A.
R., Bataillon, T., Beier, C. & Ehlers, B. K. 2013. Soil Microarthropods Are Only Weakly
Impacted After 13 Years Of Repeated Drought Treatment In Wet And Dry Heathland
Soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 66, 110-118.
House, J. I., Orr, H. G., Clark, J. M., Gallego-Sala, A. V., Freeman, C., Prentice, I. C. & Smith, P.
2010. Climate Change And The British Uplands: Evidence For Decision-Making
Introduction. Climate Research, 45, 3-12.
Hungate, B. A., Van Groenigen, K.-J., Six, J., Jastrow, J. D., Luo, Y., De Graaff, M.-A., Van
Kessel, C. & Osenberg, C. W. 2009. Assessing The Effect Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide
On Soil Carbon: A Comparison Of Four Meta-Analyses. Global Change Biology, 15,
2020-2034.
Iglesias Briones, M. J., Ostle, N. J., Mcnamara, N. R. & Poskitt, J. 2009. Functional shifts of
grassland soil communities in response to soil warming. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,
41, 315-322.
Kim, S.-Y., Freeman, C., Fenner, N. & Kang, H. 2012. Functional And Structural Responses Of
Bacterial And Methanogen Communities To 3-Year Warming Incubation In Different
Depths Of Peat Mire. Applied Soil Ecology, 57, 23-30.
Knight, J. & Harrison, S. 2013. The Impacts Of Climate Change On Terrestrial Earth Surface
Systems. Nature Climate Change, 3, 24-29.
Lee, M. A., Manning, P., Walker, C. S. & Power, S. A. 2014. Plant And Arthropod Community
Sensitivity To Rainfall Manipulation But Not Nitrogen Enrichment In A Successional
Grassland Ecosystem. Oecologia, 176, 1173-1185.
Orr, H. G., Wilby, R. L., Hedger, M. M. & Brown, I. 2008. Climate Change In The Uplands: A Uk
Perspective On Safeguarding Regulatory Ecosystem Services. Climate Research, 37,
77-98.
Wolters, V., Silver, W. L., Bignell, D. E., Coleman, D. C., Lavelle, P., Van Der Putten, W. H., De
Ruiter, P., Rusek, J., Wall, D. H., Wardle, D. A., Brussaard, L., Dangerfield, J. M.,
Brown, V. K., Giller, K. E., Hooper, D. U., Sala, O., Tiedje, J. & Van Veen, J. A. 2000.
Effects Of Global Changes On Above- And Belowground Biodiversity In Terrestrial
Ecosystems: Implications For Ecosystem Functioning. Bioscience, 50, 1089-1098.
13Appendix IV - Soil management practices – references
1. How should soil be managed to achieve sustainability?
Cowie, A. L., Penman, T. D., Gorissen, L., Winslow, M. D., Lehmann, J., Tyrrell, T. D., Twomlow,
S., Wilkes, A., Lal, R., Jones, J. W., Paulsch, A., Kellner, K. & Akhtar-Schuster, M. 2011.
Towards Sustainable Land Management In The Drylands: Scientific Connections In
Monitoring And Assessing Dryland Degradation, Climate Change And Biodiversity.
Land Degradation & Development, 22, 248-260.
Eigenbrod, F., Anderson, B. J., Armsworth, P. R., Heinemeyer, A., Jackson, S. F., Parnell, M.,
Thomas, C. D. & Gaston, K. J. 2009. Ecosystem Service Benefits Of Contrasting
Conservation Strategies In A Human-Dominated Region. Proceedings Of The Royal
Society B-Biological Sciences, 276, 2903-2911.
Everard, M. 2013. Safeguarding The Provision Of Ecosystem Services In Catchment Systems.
Integrated Environmental Assessment And Management, 9, 252-259.
Gregory, P. J. & Ingram, J. S. I. 2000. Global Change And Food And Forest Production: Future
Scientific Challenges. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 82, 3-14.
Ostergard, H., Finckh, M. R., Fontaine, L., Goldringer, I., Hoad, S. P., Kristensen, K., Van Bueren,
E. T. L., Mascher, F., Munk, L. & Wolfe, M. S. 2009. Time For A Shift In Crop Production:
Embracing Complexity Through Diversity At All Levels. Journal Of The Science Of Food
And Agriculture, 89, 1439-1445.
Pilgrim, E. S., Macleod, C. J. A., Blackwell, M. S. A., Bol, R., Hogan, D. V., Chadwick, D. R.,
Cardenas, L., Misselbrook, T. H., Haygarth, P. M., Brazier, R. E., Hobbs, P., Hodgson,
C., Jarvis, S., Dungait, J., Murray, P. J. & Firbank, L. G. 2010. Interactions Among
Agricultural Production And Other Ecosystem Services Delivered From European
Temperate Grassland Systems. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.) Advances In Agronomy, Vol 109.
Posthumus, H., Rouquette, J. R., Morris, J., Cowing, D. J. G. & Hess, T. M. 2010. A Framework
For The Assessment Of Ecosystem Goods And Services; A Case Study On Lowland
Floodplains In England. Ecological Economics, 69, 1510-1523.
Potschin, M. & Haines-Young, R. 2013. Landscapes, Sustainability And The Place-Based
Analysis Of Ecosystem Services. Landscape Ecology, 28, 1053-1065.
Powlson, D. S., Gregory, P. J., Whalley, W. R., Quinton, J. N., Hopkins, D. W., Whitmore, A. P.,
Hirsch, P. R. & Goulding, K. W. T. 2011. Soil Management In Relation To Sustainable
Agriculture And Ecosystem Services. Food Policy, 36, S72-S87.
Pretty, J. 2008. Agricultural Sustainability: Concepts, Principles And Evidence. Philosophical
Transactions Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 363, 447-465.
Pretty, J. & Bharucha, Z. P. 2014. Sustainable Intensification In Agricultural Systems. Annals
Of Botany, 114, 1571-1596.
Schulte, R. P. O., Creamer, R. E., Donnellan, T., Farrelly, N., Fealy, R., O'donoghue, C. &
O'huallachain, D. 2014. Functional Land Management: A Framework For Managing
Soil-Based Ecosystem Services For The Sustainable Intensification Of Agriculture.
Environmental Science & Policy, 38, 45-58.
Sydorovych, O., Raczkowski, C. W., Wossink, A., Mueller, J. P., Creamer, N. G., Hu, S., Bell, M.
& Tu, C. 2009. A Technique For Assessing Environmental Impact Risks Of Agricultural
Systems. Renewable Agriculture And Food Systems, 24, 234-243.
Smart, J. C. R., Hicks, K., Morrissey, T., Heinemeyer, A., Sutton, M. A. & Ashmore, M. 2011.
Applying The Ecosystem Service Concept To Air Quality Management In The Uk: A
Case Study For Ammonia. Environmetrics, 22, 649-661.
14Sutherland, W. J., Gardner, T., Bogich, T. L., Bradbury, R. B., Clothier, B., Jonsson, M., Kapos,
V., Lane, S. N., Moeller, I., Schroeder, M., Spalding, M., Spencer, T., White, P. C. L. &
Dicks, L. V. 2014. Solution Scanning As A Key Policy Tool: Identifying Management
Interventions To Help Maintain And Enhance Regulating Ecosystem Services. Ecology
And Society, 19.
Syers, J. K. 1997. Managing Soils For Long-Term Productivity. Philosophical Transactions Of
The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 352, 1011-1021.
2. What do we mean by a sustainably managed soil and how do we measure it?
Andrist-Rangel, Y., Hillier, S., Oborn, I., Lilly, A., Towers, W., Edwards, A. C. & Paterson, E.
2010. Assessing Potassium Reserves In Northern Temperate Grassland Soils: A
Perspective Based On Quantitative Mineralogical Analysis And Aqua-Regia
Extractable Potassium. Geoderma, 158, 303-314.
Berry, P. M., Stockdale, E. A., Sylvester-Bradley, R., Philipps, L., Smith, K. A., Lord, E. I.,
Watson, C. A. & Fortune, S. 2003. N, P And K Budgets For Crop Rotations On Nine
Organic Farms In The Uk. Soil Use And Management, 19, 112-118.
Black, H. I. J., Parekh, N. R., Chaplow, J. S., Monson, F., Watkins, J., Creamer, R., Potter, E. D.,
Poskitt, J. M., Rowland, P., Ainsworth, G. & Hornung, M. 2003. Assessing Soil
Biodiversity Across Great Britain: National Trends In The Occurrence Of
Heterotrophic Bacteria And Invertebrates In Soil. Journal Of Environmental
Management, 67, 255-266.
Blouin, M., Hodson, M. E., Delgado, E. A., Baker, G., Brussaard, L., Butt, K. R., Dai, J.,
Dendooven, L., Peres, G., Tondoh, J. E., Cluzeau, D. & Brun, J. J. 2013. A Review Of
Earthworm Impact On Soil Function And Ecosystem Services. European Journal Of
Soil Science, 64, 161-182.
Brown, S. M. A., Cook, H. F. & Lee, H. C. 2000. Topsoil Characteristics From A Paired Farm
Survey Of Organic Versus Conventional Farming In Southern England. Biological
Agriculture & Horticulture, 18, 37-54.
Griffiths, B. S. & Philippot, L. 2013. Insights Into The Resistance And Resilience Of The Soil
Microbial Community. Fems Microbiology Reviews, 37, 112-129.
Harris, J. 2009. Soil Microbial Communities And Restoration Ecology: Facilitators Or
Followers? Science, 325, 573-574.
Kibblewhite, M. G., Ritz, K. & Swift, M. J. 2008. Soil Health In Agricultural Systems.
Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 363, 685-701.
Pretty, J., Smith, G., Goulding, K. W. T., Groves, S. J., Henderson, I., Hine, R. E., King, V., Van
Oostrum, J., Pendlington, D. J., Vis, J. K. & Walter, C. 2008. Multi-Year Assessment Of
Unilever's Progress Towards Agricultural Sustainability I: Indicators, Methodology
And Pilot Farm Results. International Journal Of Agricultural Sustainability, 6, 37-62.
3. What level of intervention is needed to reach the target of sustainably managed
soil?
Bommarco, R., Kleijn, D. & Potts, S. G. 2013. Ecological Intensification: Harnessing
Ecosystem Services For Food Security. Trends In Ecology & Evolution, 28, 230-238.
Southon, G. E., Field, C., Caporn, S. J. M., Britton, A. J. & Power, S. A. 2013. Nitrogen
Deposition Reduces Plant Diversity And Alters Ecosystem Functioning: Field-Scale
Evidence From A Nationwide Survey Of Uk Heathlands. Plos One, 8.
15Stoate, C., Baldi, A., Beja, P., Boatman, N. D., Herzon, I., Van Doorn, A., De Snoo, G. R.,
Rakosy, L. & Ramwell, C. 2009. Ecological Impacts Of Early 21st Century Agricultural
Change In Europe - A Review. Journal Of Environmental Management, 91, 22-46.
4. How does soil management impact on soil quality?
Andrist-Rangel, Y., Edwards, A. C., Hillier, S. & Oborn, I. 2007. Long-Term K Dynamics In
Organic And Conventional Mixed Cropping Systems As Related To Management And
Soil Properties. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 122, 413-426.
Askari, M. S., Cui, J. & Holden, N. M. 2013. The Visual Evaluation Of Soil Structure Under
Arable Management. Soil & Tillage Research, 134, 1-10.
Ball, B. C., Bingham, I., Rees, R. M., Watson, C. A. & Litterick, A. 2005. The Role Of Crop
Rotations In Determining Soil Structure And Crop Growth Conditions. Canadian
Journal Of Soil Science, 85, 557-577.
Ball, B. C., Mctaggart, I. P. & Watson, C. A. 2002. Influence Of Organic Ley-Arable
Management And Afforestation In Sandy Loam To Clay Loam Soils On Fluxes Of N2o
And Ch4 In Scotland. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 90, 305-317.
Ball, B. C., Watson, C. A. & Baddeley, J. A. 2007. Soil Physical Fertility, Soil Structure And
Rooting Conditions After Ploughing Organically Managed Grass/Clover Swards. Soil
Use And Management, 23, 20-27.
Barrios, E. 2007. Soil Biota, Ecosystem Services And Land Productivity. Ecological Economics,
64, 2, 269-285.
Bending, G. D., Putland, C. & Rayns, F. 2000. Changes In Microbial Community Metabolism
And Labile Organic Matter Fractions As Early Indicators Of The Impact Of Management
On Soil Biological Quality. Biology And Fertility Of Soils, 31, 78-84.
Bending, G. D., Turner, M. K., Rayns, F., Marx, M. C. & Wood, M. 2004. Microbial And
Biochemical Soil Quality Indicators And Their Potential For Differentiating Areas
Under Contrasting Agricultural Management Regimes. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,
36, 1785-1792.
Blackwell, M. S. A. & Pilgrim, E. S. 2011. Ecosystem Services Delivered By Small-Scale
Wetlands. Hydrological Sciences Journal-Journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques, 56,
1467-1484.
Brandao, M., Milà i Canals, L. & Clift, R. 2011. Soil Organic Carbon Changes In The Cultivation
Of Energy Crops: Implications For Ghg Balances And Soil Quality For Use In Lca.
Biomass & Bioenergy, 35, 2323-2336.
Brennan, A., Fortune, T. & Bolger, T. 2006. Collembola Abundances And Assemblage
Structures In Conventionally Tilled And Conservation Tillage Arable Systems.
Pedobiologia, 50, 135-145.
Bullock, J. M., Aronson, J., Newton, A. C., Pywell, R. F. & Rey-Benayas, J. M. 2011.
Restoration Of Ecosystem Services And Biodiversity: Conflicts And Opportunities.
Trends In Ecology & Evolution, 26, 541-549.
Carroll, M. J., Dennis, P., Pearce-Higgins, J. W. & Thomas, C. D. 2011. Maintaining Northern
Peatland Ecosystems In A Changing Climate: Effects Of Soil Moisture, Drainage And
Drain Blocking On Craneflies. Global Change Biology, 17, 2991-3001.
Carroll, Z. L., Bird, S. B., Emmett, B. A., Reynolds, B. & Sinclair, F. L. 2004. Can Tree
Shelterbelts On Agricultural Land Reduce Flood Risk? Soil Use And Management, 20,
357-359.
16Clay, G. D., Worrall, F., Clark, E. & Fraser, E. D. G. 2009. Hydrological Responses To Managed
Burning And Grazing In An Upland Blanket Bog. Journal Of Hydrology, 376, 486-495.
Clutterbuck, B. & Yallop, A. R. 2010. Land Management As A Factor Controlling Dissolved
Organic Carbon Release From Upland Peat Soils 2 Changes In Doc Productivity Over
Four Decades. Science Of The Total Environment, 408, 6179-6191.
Cole, L. J., Morton, R., Harrison, W., Mccracken, D. I. & Robertson, D. 2008. The Influence Of
Riparian Buffer Strips On Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) Assemblage
Structure And Diversity In Intensively Managed Grassland Fields. Biodiversity And
Conservation, 17, 2233-2245.
Cole, L., Buckland, S. M. & Bardgett, R. D. 2005. Relating Microarthropod Community
Structure And Diversity To Soil Fertility Manipulations In Temperate Grassland. Soil
Biology & Biochemistry, 37, 1707-1717.
Critchley, C. N. R., Fowbert, J. A., Sherwood, A. J. & Pywell, R. F. 2006. Vegetation
Development Of Sown Grass Margins In Arable Fields Under A Countrywide Agri-
Environment Scheme. Biological Conservation, 132, 1-11.
Cui, J. & Holden, N. M. 2015. The Relationship Between Soil Microbial Activity And Microbial
Biomass, Soil Structure And Grassland Management. Soil & Tillage Research, 146, 32-
38.
Cui, J., Askari, M. S. & Holden, N. M. 2014. Visual Evaluation Of Soil Structure Under
Grassland Management. Soil Use And Management, 30, 129-138.
Da Silva, A. P., Ball, B. C., Tormena, C. A., Balarezo Giarola, N. F. & Locks Guimaraes, R. M.
2014. Soil Structure And Greenhouse Gas Production Differences Between Row And
Interrow Positions Under No-Tillage. Scientia Agricola, 71, 157-162.
Dauber, J., Jones, M. B. & Stout, J. C. 2010. The Impact Of Biomass Crop Cultivation On
Temperate Biodiversity. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 2, 289-309.
De Deyn, G. B., Shiel, R. S., Ostle, N. J., Mcnamara, N. P., Oakley, S., Young, I., Freeman, C.,
Fenner, N., Quirk, H. & Bardgett, R. D. 2011. Additional Carbon Sequestration
Benefits Of Grassland Diversity Restoration. Journal Of Applied Ecology, 48, 600-608.
Deasy, C., Quinton, J. N., Silgram, M., Bailey, A. P., Jackson, B. & Stevens, C. J. 2010.
Contributing Understanding Of Mitigation Options For Phosphorus And Sediment To
A Review Of The Efficacy Of Contemporary Agricultural Stewardship Measures.
Agricultural Systems, 103, 105-109.
Del Prado, A. & Scholefield, D. 2008. Use Of Sims(Dairy) Modelling Framework System To
Compare The Scope On The Sustainability Of A Dairy Farm Of Animal And Plant
Genetic-Based Improvements With Management-Based Changes. Journal Of
Agricultural Science, 146, 195-211.
Dexter, A. R. & Bird, N. R. A. 2001. Methods For Predicting The Optimum And The Range Of
Soil Water Contents For Tillage Based On The Water Retention Curve. Soil & Tillage
Research, 57, 203-212.
Douglas, J. T., Koppi, A. J. & Crawford, C. E. 1998. Structural Improvement In A Grassland Soil
After Changes To Wheel-Traffic Systems To Avoid Soil Compaction. Soil Use And
Management, 14, 14-18.
Dungait, J. A. J., Cardenas, L. M., Blackwell, M. S. A., Wu, L., Withers, P. J. A., Chadwick, D. R.,
Bol, R., Murray, P. J., Macdonald, A. J., Whitmore, A. P. & Goulding, K. W. T. 2012.
Advances In The Understanding Of Nutrient Dynamics And Management In Uk
Agriculture. Science Of The Total Environment, 434, 39-50.
17Eigenbrod, F., Anderson, B. J., Armsworth, P. R., Heinemeyer, A., Gillings, S., Roy, D. B.,
Thomas, C. D. & Gaston, K. J. 2010. Representation Of Ecosystem Services By Tiered
Conservation Strategies. Conservation Letters, 3, 184-191.
Evans, R. 2005. Reducing Soil Erosion And The Loss Of Soil Fertility For Environmentally-
Sustainable Agricultural Cropping And Livestock Production Systems. Annals Of
Applied Biology, 146, 137-146.
Falloon, P., Powlson, D. & Smith, P. 2004. Managing Field Margins For Biodiversity And
Carbon Sequestration: A Great Britain Case Study. Soil Use And Management, 20,
240-247.
Falloon, P., Smith, P., Szabo, J. & Pasztor, L. 2002. Comparison Of Approaches For Estimating
Carbon Sequestration At The Regional Scale. Soil Use And Management, 18, 164-174.
Favaretto, N., Norton, L. D., Johnston, C. T., Bigham, J. & Sperrin, M. 2012. Nitrogen And
Phosphorus Leaching As Affected By Gypsum Amendment And Exchangeable
Calcium And Magnesium. Soil Science Society Of America Journal, 76, 575-585.
Fornara, D. A., Banin, L. & Crawley, M. J. 2013. Multi-Nutrient Vs. Nitrogen-Only Effects On
Carbon Sequestration In Grassland Soils. Global Change Biology, 19, 3848-3857.
Fountain, M. T., Brown, V. K., Gange, A. C., Symondson, W. O. C. & Murray, P. J. 2008.
Multitrophic Effects Of Nutrient Addition In Upland Grassland. Bulletin Of
Entomological Research, 98, 283-292.
Freibauer, A., Rounsevell, M. D. A., Smith, P. & Verhagen, J. 2004. Carbon Sequestration In
The Agricultural Soils Of Europe. Geoderma, 122, 1-23.
Freibauer, A., Rounsevell, M. D. A., Smith, P. & Verhagen, J. 2004. Carbon Sequestration In
The Agricultural Soils Of Europe. Geoderma, 122, 1-23.
Garnett, T. 2011. Where Are The Best Opportunities For Reducing Greenhouse Gas
Emissions In The Food System (Including The Food Chain)? Food Policy, 36, S23-S32.
Gibbons, J. M., Williamson, J. C., Williams, A. P., Withers, P. J. A., Hockley, N., Harris, I. M.,
Hughes, J. W., Taylor, R. L., Jones, D. L. & Healey, J. R. 2014. Sustainable Nutrient
Management At Field, Farm And Regional Level: Soil Testing, Nutrient Budgets And
The Trade-Off Between Lime Application And Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Agriculture
Ecosystems & Environment, 188, 48-56.
Glendell, M., Granger, S. J., Bol, R. & Brazier, R. E. 2014. Quantifying The Spatial Variability
Of Soil Physical And Chemical Properties In Relation To Mitigation Of Diffuse Water
Pollution. Geoderma, 214, 25-41.
Gosling, P., Parsons, N. & Bending, G. D. 2013. What Are The Primary Factors Controlling The
Light Fraction And Particulate Soil Organic Matter Content Of Agricultural Soils?
Biology And Fertility Of Soils, 49, 1001-1014.
Grand-Clement, E., Anderson, K., Smith, D., Luscombe, D., Gatis, N., Ross, M. & Brazier, R. E.
2013. Evaluating Ecosystem Goods And Services After Restoration Of Marginal
Upland Peatlands In South-West England. Journal Of Applied Ecology, 50, 324-334.
Gregory, A. S., Watts, C. W., Griffiths, B. S., Hallett, P. D., Kuan, H. L. & Whitmore, A. P. 2009.
The Effect Of Long-Term Soil Management On The Physical And Biological Resilience
Of A Range Of Arable And Grassland Soils In England. Geoderma, 153, 172-185.
Gregory, A. S., Webster, C. P., Watts, C. W., Whalley, W. R., Macleod, C. J. A., Joynes, A.,
Papadopoulos, A., Haygarth, P. M., Binley, A., Humphreys, M. W., Turner, L. B., Skot,
L. & Matthews, G. P. 2010. Soil Management And Grass Species Effects On The
Hydraulic Properties Of Shrinking Soils. Soil Science Society Of America Journal, 74,
753-761.
18Griffiths, B. S., Ball, B. C., Daniell, T. J., Hallett, P. D., Neilson, R., Wheatley, R. E., Osler, G. &
Bohanec, M. 2010. Integrating Soil Quality Changes To Arable Agricultural Systems
Following Organic Matter Addition, Or Adoption Of A Ley-Arable Rotation. Applied Soil
Ecology, 46, 43-53.
Harris, J. A., Tyrrel, S. F., Ritz, K., Lanigan, G. J., Griffiths, B. S., Brennan, F. P., Bourdin, F.,
Massey, P. A., Moynihan, E. L., Rogers, N. E., Kibblewhite, M. G., Pawlett, M.,
Sakrabani, R., Hoekstra, N. J., Creamer, R. E., Schulte, R. P. O. & Richards, K. G. 2011.
Does Soil Biology Hold The Key To Optimized Slurry Management? A Manifesto For
Research. Soil Use And Management, 27, 464-469.
Hathaway-Jenkins, L. J., Sakrabani, R., Pearce, B., Whitmore, A. P. & Godwin, R. J. 2011. A
Comparison Of Soil And Water Properties In Organic And Conventional Farming
Systems In England. Soil Use And Management, 27, 133-142.
Hazarika, S., Parkinson, R., Bol, R., Dixon, L., Russell, P., Donovan, S. & Allen, D. 2009. Effect
Of Tillage System And Straw Management On Organic Matter Dynamics. Agronomy
For Sustainable Development, 29, 525-533.
Heathwaite, L., Sharpley, A. & Gburek, W. 2000. A Conceptual Approach For Integrating
Phosphorus And Nitrogen Management At Watershed Scales. Journal Of
Environmental Quality, 29, 158-166.
Hillier, J., Whittaker, C., Dailey, G., Aylott, M., Casella, E., Richter, G. M., Riche, A., Murphy,
R., Taylor, G. & Smith, P. 2009. Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Four Bioenergy
Crops In England And Wales: Integrating Spatial Estimates Of Yield And Soil Carbon
Balance In Life Cycle Analyses. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 1, 267-281.
Hilton, S., Bennett, A. J., Keane, G., Bending, G. D., Chandler, D., Stobart, R. & Mills, P. 2013.
Impact Of Shortened Crop Rotation Of Oilseed Rape On Soil And Rhizosphere
Microbial Diversity In Relation To Yield Decline. Plos One, 8.
Hirsch, P. R., Gilliam, L. M., Sohi, S. P., Williams, J. K., Clark, I. M. & Murray, P. J. 2009.
Starving The Soil Of Plant Inputs For 50 Years Reduces Abundance But Not Diversity
Of Soil Bacterial Communities. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41, 2021-2024.
Holland, J. M. 2004. The Environmental Consequences Of Adopting Conservation Tillage In
Europe: Reviewing The Evidence. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 103, 1-25.
Holman, I. P., Hess, T. M. & Rose, S. C. 2011. A Broad-Scale Assessment Of The Effect Of
Improved Soil Management On Catchment Baseflow Index. Hydrological Processes,
25, 2563-2572.
Horrocks, C. A., Dungait, J. A. J., Heal, K. V. & Cardenas, L. M. 2015. Comparing N2o Fluxes
From Recently Created Extensive Grasslands And Sites Remaining Under Intensive
Agricultural Management. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 199, 77-84.
Jackson, L. E., Pascual, U. & Hodgkin, T. 2007. Utilizing And Conserving Agrobiodiversity In
Agricultural Landscapes. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 121, 196-210.
Jones, M. B. & Donnelly, A. 2004. Carbon Sequestration In Temperate Grassland Ecosystems
And The Influence Of Management, Climate And Elevated Co2. New Phytologist, 164,
423-439.
Jones, S. K., Rees, R. M., Kosmas, D., Ball, B. C. & Skiba, U. M. 2006. Carbon Sequestration In
A Temperate Grassland; Management And Climatic Controls. Soil Use And
Management, 22, 132-142.
Kosmas, C., Gerontidis, S., Marathianou, M., Detsis, B., Zafiriou, T., Muysen, W. N., Govers,
G., Quine, T. & Vanoost, K. 2001. The Effects Of Tillage Displaced Soil On Soil
Properties And Wheat Biomass. Soil & Tillage Research, 58, 31-44.
19You can also read
