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BREXIT BRIEF
BRIEF
BREXIT
Brexit Brief Issue 78: 8 January 2020
Introduction
The Brief seeks to provide up-to-date information on the progress and content of the UK-EU negotiations, and
bring together relevant statements and policy positions from key players in Ireland, the UK and EU.
The Brief is part of a wider communications programme covering the work of the IIEA’s UK Project Group –
including commentaries, speeches, texts and event reports – which are highlighted on the Institute’s website.
(www.iiea.com)
Section One: State of Play vast, that there is no environmentally friendly way
of printing it off.
Queen’s Speech For my own part, I feel a colossal sense of obligation
to the electorate that I and we are humbled to
The Queen’s Speech to the Houses of Parliament, on 19 serve. I say to those people who lent us their votes,
December 2019, laid out the Government’s proposals for the however hesitantly, that this Government will
now engage flat out on a programme of change for
new parliamentary session.
the better. Tomorrow is the day when we finally
peel back the plastic wrapping, about which you
The Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, addressed the House of have heard so much, Mr Speaker, and present our
Commons: oven-ready deal. It will go into the microwave
as the withdrawal agreement Bill—it works in
This Queen’s Speech, from this people’s Government, both devices, this deal—taking back control of
sets in motion a vast interlocking programme to unite our money, our borders, our laws and our trade,
and level up across the whole United Kingdom, and clearing the way for an overarching programme of
unleash the potential of all our people. national renewal.
This one nation Government will enshrine in law
Conservative Party Manifesto
record funding for our NHS, take back control of
our borders with a wholly new immigration system,
The Queen’s Speech reflected the content of the Conservative
toughen our criminal justice system with longer
sentences for the most dangerous offenders, double Party Manifesto and included the commitment to
investment in basic science research, and protect establishment of a Constitution, Democracy and Rights
our environment with a Bill so ambitious and so
BREXIT BRIEF 078 | JAN 2020BREXIT
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Commission. The relevant Manifesto articles are: proud to call our closest friends. Because this Bill,
and this juncture in our national story, must not
After Brexit we also need to look at the broader be seen as a victory for one party over another or
aspects of our constitution: the relationship between one faction over another; this is the time when we
the Government, Parliament and the courts; the move on and discard the old labels of “leave” and
functioning of the Royal Prerogative; the role of the “remain”. In fact, the very words seem tired to me
House of Lords; and access to justice for ordinary as I speak them—as defunct as “big-enders” and
people. “little-enders” or as “Montagues” and “Capulets” at
[…] the end of the play.
The ability of our security services to defend us Now is the time to act together as one reinvigorated
against terrorism and organised crime is critical. nation, one United Kingdom, filled with renewed
We will update the Human Rights Act and confidence in our national destiny and determined,
administrative law to ensure that there is a proper at last, to take advantage of the opportunities
balance between the rights of individuals, our vital that now lie before us. The whole purpose of our
national security and effective government. We will Withdrawal Agreement is to set this in motion and
ensure that judicial review is available to protect avoid any further delay.
the rights of the individuals against an overbearing We should be fortified by a renewed sense of
state, while ensuring that it is not abused to conduct confidence that while our democratic institutions
politics by another means or to create needless delays. have been tested as never before, if this House comes
In our first year we will set up a Constitution, together now to support the Bill, as I hope it will,
Democracy and Rights Commission that will history will record that the first act of this new
examine these issues in depth, and come up with Parliament, in its earliest days, was to break the ice
proposals to restore trust in our institutions and in floes and find a new passage through to unsuspected
how our democracy operates. oceans of opportunity. So now is the moment to come
together and write a new and exciting chapter in
European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Bill 2019 our national story, to forge a new partnership with
our European friends, to stand tall in the world
On 20 December 2019 the Government introduced the and to begin the healing for which the people of this
country yearn. And it is in that spirit of unity that
revised European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Bill which
I commend this Bill to the House.
includes a provision to legally prohibit any agreement to
an extension of the 11-month transition period which will The Labour Party opposition to the Bill was made clear by Sir
come into force after the UK formally departs the Union on Keir Starmer:
31January. The Bill started life as a bad Bill. It is now even
worse. The changes the Government have made—
The Bill was introduced by Prime Minister Boris Johnson: weakened protections for workplace rights, a side-
lined Parliament and weakened protections for
I beg to move, that the Bill be now read a Second child refugees—tell us everything we need to know
time. about the Prime Minister and this Government,
I also beg that we come together, as a new their priorities and their values. They are not
Parliament, to break the deadlock and, finally, to Labour values. This is not a deal we can support.
get Brexit done. Now is the moment, as we leave We will be voting against it tonight.
the European Union, to reunite our country, and
After a day’s debate the Second Reading of the Bill was
allow the warmth and natural affection we all
share for our European neighbours to find renewed carried by 358 votes to 234. The Bill has now been referred
expression in one great new national project to a Committee of the Whole House starting on Tuesday
of building a deep, special and democratically 7 January 2020. Proceedings will continue on the Bill on
accountable partnership with those nations we are
Wednesday 8 January, concluding with remaining stages on
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
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Thursday 9 January 2020. It will then proceed to the House a decision will be taken by a simple majority and insists on
of Lords and the Government has made it clear that steady the need for cross-community support for key policies. The
progress through Lords and Commons will be ensured so Alliance Party argues that membership of the governance
that the scheduled departure date of 31 December 2020 will bodies for the Withdrawal Agreement must always contain
be achieved. representation from Northern Ireland.
Scotland
EU Responses
Scotland’s First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon, has formally The European Commission President, Ursula von der Leyen,
written to the Prime Minister calling for an order to be has warned that the stated policy of the UK Government
granted permitting the Holyrood parliament to hold a second means that failure to conclude a trade agreement by the end
vote on independence. She argued that, having won 47 of the of 2020 will produce another ‘cliff edge’ scenario. She told the
59 Scottish seats in the General Election, “The mandate we European Parliament that the timetable ahead is extremely
have to offer the Scottish people a choice over their future is, challenging and that a no-deal outcome would harm the
by any normal standard of democracy, unarguable. We are interests of the EU but “it will impact more the UK.”
therefore today calling for the UK Government to negotiate
and agree the transfer of power that would put beyond doubt EU Trade Commissioner, Phil Hogan, has predicted that
the Scottish Parliament’s right to legislate for a referendum on Prime Minister Johnson is likely to agree to an extension
independence” of the transition period beyond the end of 2020. “I don’t
believe he will die in the ditch over the timeline for the
On 19 December 2019 the Scottish Government published future relationship.” He pointed out that a mandate from the
a document – ‘Scotland’s Right to Choose’ – laying out European Council would be required by the end of February
the detailed case for ‘how and why’ the country should be to allow the Commission to open negotiations with the
able to have the choice of independence in a referendum. It UK for the next phase of the process. Michel Barnier will
argues that “Scotland is not a region questioning its place in be the overall interlocutor with the UK authorities while
a larger unitary state; we are a country in a voluntary union Commissioner Hogan will be directly responsible for the
of nations.” trade agreement.
Northern Ireland Michel Barnier has written that in negotiating a trade
agreement “like the UK, we will keep our strategic interests in
Northern Ireland parties have tabled amendments to the
mind. We know that competing on social and environmental
Government’s Withdrawal Bill. The DUP, which opposes
standards – rather than on skills, innovation, and quality
the consent role for the Northern Ireland Assembly in the
– leads only to a race to the bottom that puts workers,
agreement, has put forward 14 amendments and the Alliance
consumers, and the planet on the losing side.” Any Free Trade
Party, through its new MP, Stephen Farry, has submitted
Agreement with Britain would have to ensure a level playing
five proposals and the new SDLP MPs have also tabled
field on standards, state aid and tax matters. He also argued
amendments.
that any new economic deal might have to be expanded in
The DUP proposals focus on the future role of the Stormont the years ahead.
Assembly in deciding whether or not Northern Ireland would
A Politico commentary makes the important point that:
retain the customs provisions of the agreement in future. The
“The EU’s Brexit unity is about to come under severe strain.
DUP argues against the agreement which states that such
Speaking from one script was Brussels’s greatest asset in the
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
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first phase of Brexit. It prevented London playing divide- Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s New Year’s Message
and-rule and ultimately forced concessions from the UK in
Of course, the first item on my agenda is to fulfil the
the talks. But while it was relatively easy to forge a common will of the electorate and take us out of the European
position on the Brexit bill, citizens’ rights and Northern Union. This should have happened already, but we
Ireland, agreement on trade priorities will be much harder. were thwarted by a Parliament determined to use
every trick in the book to stop us leaving the EU.
On the EU side, the fight over what to prioritize in the talks is
set to begin in early January. The Commission will use input […]
from each of the 27 national capitals to frame a draft mandate So we’ll get Brexit done before the end of this month.
by 1st February, the UK’s first day outside the EU.” That oven-ready deal I talked about so much during
the election campaign has already had its plastic
covering pierced and been placed in the microwave.
Irish Responses
We got down to work immediately after the election.
Irish Government circles are quoted as arguing that the focus The necessary legislation has already begun its
passage through Parliament and, once MPs return
should be on the content, not the timing, of a future EU-
to Westminster, we’ll waste no time in finishing the
UK trade arrangement. “The EU has been clear that it will job. At long last we will take back control of our
work hard to progress the negotiations as quickly as possible. laws, borders, money and trade.
But we should be clear that the over-arching priority is to Then we can finally spend 2020 getting on with
achieve an agreement that works as well as possible and that delivering on the people’s priorities: boosting the
gives us the strong possible foundations for a positive EU-UK NHS with the biggest cash injection in its history,
renewing schools, backing scientists, building better
relationship for years to come.”
infrastructure, controlling immigration, making
our streets safer, cleaning up our environment, and
The Tánaiste, Simon Coveney, said that Prime Minister making our Union stronger.
Johnson might come to regret tying himself to a strict
I want to reassure you that I will be a Prime
timetable for agreeing the future trade deal. He described the Minister for everyone, not just those who voted for
UK position as “a strange decision […] to tie itself in terms of me. I know that you love this country no less, simply
options. Nobody is forcing the UK to apply for an extended because you voted for another party or wanted to
Remain. More than that, I want to work with you,
transition period, but they have the option to do so if they
as friends and equals, as we build the future this
want to up to the middle of next summer.” United Kingdom deserves.
He insisted that the EU will approach the next phase of talks Post-Brexit Negotiations
on the future relationship to “try to move as quickly as we can.
London and Brussels are expected to co-host the post-Brexit
We all know that the negotiations post a British exit from the
negotiations on the future relationships between the EU and
EU is going to be a very complicated, it’s going to deal with
UK. Since the UK will no longer be a Member State of the
multiple areas, not just a free trade agreement, it has also got
EU – becoming a ‘third country’ – Brussels will no longer
to deal with security, data, fishing. There are sectors which
take centre stage. The Political Declaration states that the UK
will require detailed negotiations. The EU hasn’t missed a
and EU will jointly agree the arrangements and scheduling of
deadline yet, it has been the UK that has missed deadlines in
talks. Negotiations are expected to commence in early March
the past. I just think if we’ve learned anything from the first
with the EU negotiating position adopted by the European
round of Brexit negotiations […] it is that we shouldn’t be
Council at a session on 25 February.
closing off options.”
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
BRIEF BREXIT BRIEF 078 | JAN 2020
Section Two: The Evolving Debate Ireland in particular, Brexit has sharpened all the
lines that the Good Friday agreement was designed
Northern Ireland Voices in Westminster to soften—around identity, borders and sovereignty.
We should have been spending the last few years
Following the General Election, changes in the representation talking about reconciliation, regeneration, social
justice and equality; that is what all political
of Northern Ireland saw the arrival of MPs from the Social
action should really be about. Instead, we have
Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and the Alliance Party. spent morning, noon and night talking about
The House of Commons debates on the Queen’s Speech Brexit—a problem that did not need to exist and
and the Withdrawal Agreement featured significant speeches which, particularly in Northern Ireland, reopens
old wounds and limits our horizons.
from the three new members and from the new Westminster
Leader of the DUP. I am glad that, due to the solidarity of the EU 27
—and, indeed, Members from across the House—
this Withdrawal Agreement means that there will
The SDLP Leader, Colum Eastwood, spoke in the Queen’s
not be a border on the island of Ireland, but I
Speech debate: deeply regret that it creates an economic border in
the Irish sea.
This Prime Minister wants to drag us out of the
European Union against our will. I know that he Beyond the economy, Brexit up-ends the delicate
has a huge majority, but the only majority that I balance that in Northern Ireland has allowed us
am concerned about is the pro-remain majority in to imagine our shared and equal future together.
Northern Ireland that has thankfully now got its We in Northern Ireland know the value of the EU.
voice back in this place. We may be few in number, I am afraid that our concerns have been dismissed
but we intend to be very, very loud in voice. by those of you who will never have to live with the
consequences of these actions.
The Prime Minister’s approach to Brexit is totally
reckless. It drives a coach and horses through the We will vote against the narrow and restrictive
Good Friday Agreement and the relationships that view of the future articulated in this Bill. We
we have built up over many years, right across our will work with fair-minded people of all parties
community and right across our islands. I am glad to limit, by amendment, the damage as best we
to see now that the Democratic Unionists are very can. We will seek to minimise the damage to the
concerned about the checks between this island and Good Friday Agreement, which, for those of us in
our island. It is a pity that they did not think about Northern Ireland, is the only viable pathway to
that when they drove the Brexit agenda, and when a better future, under whichever constitutional
they rejected Theresa May’s deal. Now we are in a arrangement people desire that future.
situation that none of us is happy with. We are in
Stephen Farry speaking of the dominant remain majority in
a situation that every one of us should be trying to
reverse and to reject. Northern Ireland, indicated that he would
The Second Reading debate on the Withdrawal Agreement “[…] therefore, be voting against Second Reading
included speeches by Claire Hanna MP for the SDLP, of the Bill in order to honour the wishes of the
people who sent me here and the people of Northern
Stephen Farry MP for Alliance and Sir Jeffrey Donaldson in
Ireland.
his first speech as DUP Leader in the Commons.
There is no such thing as a good or sensible Brexit,
whether we are talking about the UK or Northern
Claire Hanna said:
Ireland in particular. We are being presented with
a false choice between working in the context of the
South Belfast, like Northern Ireland as a whole, is a
European Union and pursuing a global Britain.
place that overwhelmingly voted against Brexit. The
We can best expand our trade and economy by
pro-European majority of Members in Northern
working through the EU, where we have the
Ireland, I must tell the House, is a more diverse and
strength in numbers to stand up and get better
united political movement than I believe we have
deals with the likes of the United States, Australia
ever seen in our troubled history. For Northern
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
BRIEF BREXIT BRIEF 078 | JAN 2020
and China. That is in our self-interest. It is also We would like to be able to support what is
important to bear it in mind that the EU is more happening, but we have grave concerns about the
than an economic body. It is more than the sum potential impact on the Northern Ireland, where
of its parts and it allows effective and collective economic prosperity goes hand in hand with
responses to global challenges, including migration, political stability. The peace process cannot just be
global poverty and, most critically in terms of the about the politics of Northern Ireland; it has to be
current agenda, tackling climate change. about prosperity for Northern Ireland as well. The
Prime Minister has said that he wants all of the
The deal negotiated by the right hon. Member
United Kingdom to prosper. That has to include
for Maidenhead (Mrs May) was a better attempt
Northern Ireland. We need to ensure that these
at a soft landing than the deal negotiated by the
arrangements work for Northern Ireland and do
current Prime Minister. Indeed, the previous deal
not become a barrier to trade between Northern
had the pragmatic support of the Northern Ireland
Ireland and Great Britain.
business community and an unprecedented level of
commitment from them, given that this is a rather
Business Concerns Continue
contentious political issue. They understood that it
was a genuine attempt to address the issues. The A Bank of England survey has concluded that growing
current proposal from the Prime Minister presents
Northern Ireland with a much more challenging numbers of business leaders in the UK believe that Brexit
situation. While it certainly maintains an open uncertainty will take longer to resolve than Prime Minister
border on the island itself, it creates a much more Johnson pledged in the election campaign. It has been argued
problematic situation down the Irish Sea than that “Though the result of the general election will bring
people had a right to expect and was originally
some clarity to businesses, it still feels like a long road ahead
anticipated.
for manufacturing to recover its losses this year and there
Jeffrey Donaldson clearly summarised the concerns of the will still be some obstacles to overcome in 2020” and that
DUP, arguing that: “Manufacturers will hope that the next 12 months will see
We supported Brexit. We want Brexit to happen, greater bandwith within government to focus on long-term
and we acknowledge and recognise that the vision for the economy as there remains much work to do
Government have won a mandate to take forward before industry will turn on the taps of investment.”
their Withdrawal Agreement. But there is a major
contradiction at the heart of that agreement that The Northern Ireland Chamber of Commerce has argued
causes us great concern.
that it is more important for businesses in NI to get “the
At one level, the agreement does say that Northern detail of Brexit right” than simply “getting it done”. Although
Ireland should continue to have unfettered access
the government has a strong mandate for the Brexit deal
to the rest of the UK for trade. But then there are
customs arrangements that inhibit our ability the Chamber insists that this does not represent the “end of
to have that unfettered access. That is our major the matter”, rather it was “only the beginning of a process.
concern—one that we hope the Government can We need an end to vague pronouncements, and a renewed
address. focus on the details that matter.” The Chamber’s view was
Of course, we hope that what is agreed in the supported by the Ulster Farmers’ Union, whose leader, Ivor
future relationship will negate the need for many Ferguson, said that regardless of how people voted on Brexit
of the special arrangements for Northern Ireland.
We have a land border with the European Union in 2016 the key issue in 2020 was to “make sure Brexit is a
and an agri-food sector that trades across it, and success for agriculture. That will not be achieved by simply
we recognise that arrangements have to be made to leaving the EU. Success will be measured for agriculture by
facilitate that ongoing trade, but we do not want what is agreed in two key areas […] support structures put in
barriers against trade with the rest of our own
place as an alternative to the CAP and the trade relationships
country. That is absolutely essential.
we have with the EU27 and the rest of the world.”
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
BRIEF BREXIT BRIEF 078 | JAN 2020
Section Three: Background Material and Financial Times Boris Johnson pledges to be ‘PM for
Further Reading everyone’ in New Year message. FT, 1 January 2020.
https://www.ft.com/content/1ba7417e-2bf2-11ea-a126-
Background Material 99756bd8f45e
GOV.UK Queen’s Speech December 2019. https://www.
Scottish Government Scotland’s Right to Choose.
gov.uk/government/speeches/queens-speech-december-2019
Putting Scotland’s Future in Scotland’s Hands. https://
www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-right-choose-
UK Parliament MPs debate the Queen’s Speech, 20
putting-scotlands-future-scotlands-hands/
December 2019. https://www.parliament.uk/business/
news/2019/december/queens-speech-debate The Guardian Top lawyers warn Johnson over role
of judges as constitution fears grow. Guardian, 21
UK Parliament European Union (Withdrawal
December 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/
Agreement) Bill 2019. https://publications.parliament.
politics/2019/dec/21/law-society-warns-boris-johnson-
uk/pa/bills/cbill/58-01/0001/20001.pdf
on-independent-judiciary
BBC Brexit: NI parties table amendments to bill. BBC, 3
The Guardian The Tories have the BBC in their line of fire.
January 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-
Don’t let them destroy it. Guardian, 17 December 2019.
ireland-50982403?intlink_from_url
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/
dec/17/tories-bbc-line-of-fire-destroy
Financial Times Brexit timeline: key dates in the
UK’s divorce from the EU. FT, 19 December 2019.
Frans Timmermans My love letter to Britain: family ties
https://www.ft.com/content/64e7f218-4ad4-11e7-919a-
can never really be severed. Guardian, 26 December 2019.
1e14ce4af89b https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/
dec/26/my-love-letter-to-britain-family-ties
The Telegraph Boris Johnson takes lead on EU talks as
Brexit unit gets rebranded. Telegraph, 29 December 2019. Bloomberg This Man Holds Europe Together as Brexit
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/12/28/boris- Tears It Apart. Bloomberg, 30 December 2019. https://
johnson-takes-lead-eu-talks-brexit-unit-gets-rebranded www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-12-30/this-
man-holds-europe-together-as-brexit-tears-it-apart?srnd-
The Guardian London expected to co-host next stage
premium-europe
of post-Brexit negotiations. Guardian, 24 December
2019. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/24/ Financial Times UK at end of queue for data deal with
london-expected-co-host-next-stage-post-brexit-negotiations Brussels. FT, 26 December 2019. https://www.ft.com/
content/875a903e-2313-11ea-b8a1-584213ee7b2b
GOV.UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s Christmas
message: 24 December 2019. https://www.gov.uk/ Politico EU countries gear up for post-Brexit trade battle.
government/speeches/prime-minister-boris-johnsons- Politico, 19 December 2019. https://www.politico.eu/
christmas-message-24-december-2019 article/eu-countries-gear-up-for-post-brexit-trade-battle
GOV.UK Prime Minister’s New Year’s message: 31 RTE EU-UK trade deal cannot allow ‘race to the bottom’,
December 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ says Barnier. RTE, 21 December 2019. https://www.rte.
prime-ministers-new-years-message-31-december-2019 ie/news/brexit/2019/1221/1102566-brexit
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
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RTE Von der Leyen warns of another Brexit cliff edge. The Guardian Business hope fading for Brexit clarity
RTE, 18 December 2019. https://www.rte.ie/news/ in 2020, Bank says. Guardian, 2 January 2020. https://
brexit/2019/1218/1101872-brexit-european-commission www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jan/02/brexit-
trade-deal-unlikely-before-2021-business-leaders-say
Irish Times Boris Johnson’s post-Brexit-timetable
questioned by EU Commission President. IT, 29 Financial Times Brexit predictions for 2020. FT, 18
December 2019. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ December 2019. https://www.ft.com/content/1ee3b0de-
world/europe/boris-johnson-s-post-brexit-timetable- 20cb-11ea-b8a1-584213ee7b2b
questioned-by-eu-commission-president-1.4125387
The Observer The Observer view on where Britain
Mail Online ‘Boris won’t die in a ditch for this either’ goes after the general election result. Observer, 15
Mail Online, 2 January 2020. https://www.dailymal. December 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/
co.uk/news/article-7838867/Phil-Hogan-doubts-Boris- commentisfree/2019/dec/15/the-observer-view-on-
Johnsons-Brexit-plan.html where-britain-goes-after-the-general-election-result
Financial Times Boris Johnson faces a battle to save The Telegraph It sounds ambitious, but a friendly
the union. FT, 24 December 2019. https://www.ft.com/ Brexit divorce is now on the cards. Telegraph, 2 January
content/3245b5b8-2563-11ea-9f81-051dbffa088d 2020. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2020/01/02/
sounds-ambitious-friendly-brexit-divorce-now-cards
Scottish Government Independence Referendum
transfer of power demanded, 19 December 2019. https:// Elysee. Emmanuel Macron: 2020 Wishes to the French,
www.gov.scot/news/independence-referendum-transfer- 31 December 2019. https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-
of-power-demanded macron/2019/12/31/voeux-2020-aux-francais
RTE Sturgeon in formal request over Scottish independence Gov.ie Taoiseach speaks to the UK Prime Minister,
vote. RTE, 19 December 2019. https://www.rte.ie/news/ Boris Johnson, 13 December 2019. https://www.gov.
uk/2019/1219/1102125-scotland-politics ie/en/news/c4a1fa-taoiseach-speaks-to-the-uk-prime-
minister-boris-johnson
Irish Times Johnson to legislate to block any further
delay to Brexit. IT, 17 December 2019. https://www. Brigid Laffan Brexit’s not the only show in Brussels:
irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/johnson-to-legislate-to- Where the EU goes next. IT, 4 January 2020. https://
block-any-further-delay-to-brexit-1.4117869 www.irishtimes.com/opinion/brexit-s-not-the-only-
show-in-brussels-where-the-eu-goes-next-1.4123815
The Guardian Why does Boris Johnson want to prevent
a transition period extension? Guardian, 17 December Irish Times Brexit detail is key to NI commerce,
2019. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/ business leader warns. IT, 2 January 2020. https://www.
dec/17/why-does-boris-johnson-want-to-prevent-a- irishtimes.com/business/economy/brexit-detail-is-key-to-
transition-period-extension ni-commerce-business-leader-warns-1.4128256
Irish Times Johnson tells MPs He will end Brexit RTE Varadkar: Bridge to Scotland worth examining but
‘deadlock’. IT, 18 December 2019. https://www. UK must pay for it. RTE, 26 December 2019. https://www.
irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/johnson-tells-mps-he- rte.ie/news/ireland/2019/1226/1103087-varadkar-bridge
will-end-brexit-deadlock-1.4118639
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT BRIEF BREXIT BRIEF 078 | JAN 2020 Irish Times Proposed UK law to prevent Brexit extension ‘strange’ says Coveney. IT, 17 December 2019. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/proposed- uk-law-to-prevent-brexit-extension-strange-says- coveney-1.4117900 Irish Times Phil Hogan: ‘A no-deal Brexit would pour salt into the wounds’. IT, 1 January 2020. https://www. irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/phil-hogan-a-no- deal-brexit-would-pour-salt-into-the-wounds-1.4126854 Brigid Laffan London must finally decide just what kind of Brexit it wants. IT, 17 December 2019. https://www. irishtimes.com/opinion/london-must-finally-decide-just- what-kind-of-brexit-it-wants-1.4117000 Irish Times Boris Johnson has good reason to keep Varadkar close. IT, 3 January 2020. https://www. irishtimes.com/opinion/boris-johnson-has-good-reason- to-keep-varadkar-close-1.4128931 Irish Times Government to combat Brexit with €28m for Border region. IT, 3 January 2020. https://www. irishtimes.com/business/economy/government-to- combat-brexit-with-28m-for-border-region-1.4129533 Further Reading Nicolaidis Kalypso Exodus Reckoning Sacrifice, Three Meanings of Brexit. Unbound. As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole responsibility of the author.
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