" Creation of the 'near plumber' application: " - Entrepreneurship - Module " Near Plumber is an application that facilitate - Mohamed Tirani
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Professional Project
Entrepreneurship - Module
« Creation of the 'near plumber'
application: »
« Near Plumber is an application that facilitate
communication with plumber »
Prepared by: Ahmad Nemer Mostafa
Instructor: Mohamed Tirani
(2017-2018)
1 |P ag e
Table Of Contents
1. Executive summary 0
2. General overview :Industry and Startup 0
3. Market research and External / Internal factors analysis 0
3.1- Marketing research and External factors analysis 0
4.
3.1.1- Primary market research 0
3.1.2- Secondary market research
3.1.3- PESTEL analysis 0
3.1.4- Industry competitive intensity study (Porter’s Forces) 0
3.1.5- Key success factors in the organization's environment 0
3.2- Internal study and decission making : 0
3.2.1- SWOT Analysis 0
3.2.2- TWOS matrix 0
4. Startup execution stages 0
4.1- Conception stage 0
4.1.1- Business Model Canvas 0
4.1.2- Value proposition canavas 0
4.1.3- Adapted economic model 0
4.2- Quality managment system study 0
4.2.1- Processes description 0
4.2.2- Evaluation tools 0
4.2.3- Risk assessment and prevention 0
4.3- Marketing Plan 0
4.3.1- Strategic Marketing study (Segmentation,targeting,positionning) 0
4.3.2- Operational Marketing (4 P of the marketing mix) 0
4.4- Financial study 0
4.4.1- Cost structure 0
4.4.2- Profit structure 0
4.4.3- Provisionnal result 0
4.4.4- Financial analysis 0
Bibliography 0
2 |P ag e
Appendics 0
1. Executive Summary
The NEAR PLUMBER is an exciting new service that offers both employees and
costumer an easy and efficient communication and fixing service.
An extensive part of our company work is based around providing our customers
specialized and professional plumbers in and around the area with service with an
application about 5 or 6 mg on phone.
My service consist 10 country around nabateyye city (nabteyye, nabateyye
fouka,zebdin, harouf, dweir , ansar,zawtar al sharkeyye, zawtar al gharbeyye,toul,
kafar roman), this countries are included on google map to let the costumer and
the plumber to know the location which to visit.
we provide the best mod of plumbers, taking into consideration the customer
needs, comfort, safety and entertainment at low cost and flexible plumbers
schedules.
The owner of the application will be me since it doesn’t need a lot of money.
I believe that we will be the best and the most used application all
Over Lebanon by 2025.
The paid money will be online on my application.
3 |P ag e
2. General overview : Industry and Start-up
Description
-As a civil engineer student my business will be in building structure roads etc ..
So that I chose near plumber as a part of civil engineer, I chose a mobile application
industry to facilitate the demands of the costumer at any problem to be face in plumbing system
in their own houses companies, schools, universities …
-near plumber is absolutely a growth business industry since I can add more cities in my
application, I can go to other fields such as electricity, tiles, painting. This growth will be due to
the satisfaction of the application and the income money each month.
-Moreover growth of cities and population increase our plumbing work starting from
small plumbing problem to huge and big plumbing work.
Our company is high on safety of work, new equipment's is demanded from our plumbers
every year if needed, plumber’s sessions given by engineer and sanitary companies.
We carry out regular scheduled time based servicing to our
Plumbers and customers. We fully understand the importance of safety and therefore
make sure all our plumbers are professionals and specialized. Not to forget that safety and
satisfaction is what we deliver and our customer pleasure is our business.
4 |P ag e
3. Market research and External / Internal factors analysis
3.1 Market Research and External factors analysis
3.1.1- Primary Market Research
I think my primary researches would be urban expansion of building.
population in cities
Urban expansion Population
3.1.2- Secondary Market Research
My other researches will estimating the number of plumbers in each area to be recovered.
Estimating plumbing problems in each area I want to recover.
Sanitary companies in Lebanon.
Some sanitary goods which can advertise on my application as paid ADS
5 |P ag e
3.1.3- PESTEL analysis
The environmental influences on the company into six main macro-environmental categories: Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Ecological
and Legal.
Impact Time
Category Possible factors Business impact
Opportunity /Threat frame
Political pending tax reform -will effect on plumbers adopted by my application since Opportunity /Threat
work will increase and tax too
Increasing international trade Sanitary goods cost less which encourage consume to buy opportunity
agreement causing much work for plumbers
Enhancing public health -pollution of water and soil is caused by plumber problem opportunity
policies when waste water goes through water and soil
Economic Decrease of growth of -danger in all field Threat
economy
Unemployment rate People will fix their plumbing problem with their hands Threat
and many will learn to be a plumber
Social Increase in population It will cause increasing in plumbing system problem Opportunity
since more we use which will cause more work and
money.
Widening wealth gap Will cause more advanced plumbing system which will Opportunity
cost more and have more problems to fix in future
And uses of technology which enhance to download
my application
Technological Service business software -keep in touch with technology market threat
updates
6 |P ag eLegal local health regulation -if plumbing system worked wrongly may cause a lot of Opportunity 6 month
diseases in our life so professionalized plumber is needed
Ecologic Climate change -climate change may cause some plumbing problems Opportunity 2 years
due to expansion and contraction of pipes…
PESTEL Analysis – Study Result
Years
Category 1 2 3 4 5
Political
Economic
Social/Sociocultural
Technological
Ecologic
Legal
Indications for the result Highly risky Risky Not Risky Good
7 |P ag e3.1.4- - Competitive intensity study in the industry
1. low switching cost – strong force
2. moderate number of buyers – moderate
force 1. Cost of application –strong force
Customers/Bu
yers New Entrants 2. Unemployment people – weak force
Strong Power
Weak
1. new idea which not consumed by any
before -weak force
Substitutes or
Substitution Competitive
Rivalry Public Power 1. Universities, schools, municipality’s
Strong regulations - strong force
Strong
Strong 2. Sanitary companies – strong force
Suppliers
1. Big family suppliers – strong force strong
1. Large number of competitors – strong force
8 |P ag e3.1.5- Key success factors in the industry
Each force of competition can be countered by a series of elements, which constitute as many
KSF when this force is preponderant.
Force of competition Elements to counteract it
Threat of substitutes o Improved quality for application
o Fair price for both plumber and customer
o Take into consideration the comments and rating
system for each plumber
Threat of potential entrants o Build good relationship with municipalise
o Guarantee the work if done wrong and redo without
money
Bargaining power of buyers o Have a better quality (companies ADS) / price ratio.
o Honesty and work guarantee for good reputation
Bargaining power of suppliers o Establishment of transfer costs (monthly
subscription(plumbers, obligation or orientation
according to the schools)
Role of public authorities o Adaptation of international certifications (ISO 9001
'quality of services')
o Have cooperation agreements or links with prestigious
sanitary institutions.
3.2 – Internal study and decission making:
3.2.1- SWOT analysis
Environmental scanning can influence an organization's strategy by creating both threats and
opportunities.
However, the structure of the environment does not in itself explain the success or the strategic
failure: The differences between the organizations involved must also be taken into account, ie.
Internal strengths and weaknesses must also be analyzed in order to finally reach strategic
recommendations
.
9 |P ag eAnalysis of internal and external factors of the startup
Strengths (Internal Factors) Opportunities (External Factors)
An ambition hardworking team Sanitary companies which will support us to use their goods
Family support (money, words …) Lot of problems in plumbing system and lack of communication
Easy access to the application between people and plumbers
Trust of people Municipalities which will work with to solve people problems easily
Low cost amount
Adding other field and cities
Weaknesses (Internal factors) Threats (External Factors)
Gain trust of people Less awareness about harmful result of wrongly plumbing system
Bad internet and Google maps doesn’t cover all places work or problems
Honesty of plumbers I work with Software recommendation and help
10 |P age3.2.2- TWOS Matrix :
The TWOS matrix is built from the SWOT analysis conclusions or it allows to generate strategic options that correspond to different combinations of
internal and external factors.
The TWOS matrix
Opportunity points Threat points
S / O: Use forces to seize opportunities: S /T : Use forces to avoid threats:
Strengths Points
Link companies with our application Recommend some personal question by plumbers
More demands for adopted plumbers to be showed on application to be trusted
Simplify the access of customer with easy platform Monthly application revision
When visiting see people other problems than plumbing issue Rating system
Security system
W / O: Minimize weaknesses to seize opportunities: W /T : Minimize weaknesses to avoid threats:
Weakness Points
Event in municipalise, schools, universities Certificate from sanitary companies to be given to
Encourage companies to ADS on application my team plumbers
Widening my relationship with some targeted
people in cities which can support us in money,
honesty …
11 |P age4. Startup execution stages
4.1- Conception Stage
4.1.1- The "Business Model Canvas"
Key partners Key activities Customer relationship Customer segments
Family and friends Plumber service mobile feedback for all people aged more than 12 years since plumbing
Companies Sanitary ADS is necessary for all building
Municipalities (advertisement)
Key resources Distribution channels
people payments Mobile App
-companies ads Advertising
-plumbers adopted by
application
-product marketing
12 |P ageCost structure Sources of income
Software Visa card
Employers Account
marketing for the application Cash if necessary
13 |P age4.1.2- The value proposition canvas
It represents the group of products and services that creates value for the customer. It aims to
address an unmet customer need and improve its current situation.
Collaborators side
Arrive on time (plumber)
Fair price
Professional plumber
Tasks
Easy payment (application)
Wait a long time
Unsafe fixing of the problem
Obliged by specific plumber in the city
Pains
Lack of communication between people and costumer
Communicate with plumber by application
Get direction
Find the plumber (by CV inserted to be professional) Desired
gains
Fixed and fair price
14 |P age Value Proposition Side (Product / Service)
-Save time
-Professional and specialized plumber with the problem that face him
Characteristics
-Rating system of the products
or services
Instant booking
Assigned plumber
Cost system
Pain Relief
-plumber smart phone service (android/ios)
-Trusted companies to buy our plumbing products from and to be linked
with application.
Gains Creator
--Visual map
15 |P age4.1.3- Adapted Economic Model
The adapted economic model:
-percentage income money to the plumber from the costumer
-ADS from companies.
-subscription fee from plumbers.
4.2- Quality Management System Study
The "PDCA" method, also called the Deming wheel, is adapted
to the creation approach and the implementation of the
platform, which has helped to:
o Better understand the needs of applicants.
o Implement the processes necessary to achieve these needs.
o Measure the satisfaction of these applicants and evaluate
the performance of the processes implemented.
o Make improvements and corrections decisions of the
platform processes.
16 |P age4.2.1- Processes description
Process Title Process Actors Process Description Process Remarks
Documents/Resources
Registration All people Who’s not in need of plumbing system in his -full name
home today? Application of plumber should be -phone number
with all people. The amazing thing about cell -location on Google
phones is that they are no longer just used for map
calling or texting. Then, what are the positive uses
of this application? Steps:
-Click on the check plumber
-See who is the nearest plumber to your location
-Choose the plumber you want do to his rating or
whatever
-Enter your location on Google maps to go to
-fix the problem then pay buy visa card or cash
Registration Plumber 1- The user create new account and present all necessary - Credit Card Number -5 % from the paid money
documents .A verification by telephone number are used in - cv + name of engineers from customer
place via SMS verification code. he worked with
2-Credential information’s (Username & Password) are -location
send to actors via email. -full name, age …. -monthly payment 30 $
3-plumber should pay a simple fee to be adopted by our -experience years
- each plumber
application
(Via Visa Or Master Card are used in place.)
-15% for big plumbing
project from municipalise
17 |P age4.2.2- Evaluation tools
Quality objectives have been set with performance indicators for each of these objectives, the purpose of which is to compare them with the measured results.
Table of objectives
Goal KPI Formula Target Frequency of measurement
150 costumer
-15 costumer at first month /6month
2 customer should download our
Max the costumer number At the end of each quarter
-5 plumbers /first month application /3day/first 3 month
10 plumbers /6
month
Level of customer
Resolve all customer complaints 1 complaints costumer / 10 costumer 90 % At the end of each quarter
satisfaction
Maximize risk prevention 2 plans is enough Level of security should be > 90 % 0 At the end of each quarter
Average number of buyers
Maximize profit Revenue > cost 300$/year At the end of each quarter
of our services or products
Amount of the budget
Amount of budget spent / Total amount of
Respect the expenditure budget spent compared to the4.2.3- Risk assessment and prevention
Potentiality
Impact
The risks The causes Potential impacts Preventive action
-Disconnection of the internet in Lebanon. -Loss of trust among users / On mobile application:
-Failures or technical problems in the hosting customers -Adapt an emergency plan or the mobile
Moderate
Moderate
application can work for some services
server or in the platform itself. -lose of ADS companies
Unavailability of the platform offline internet by using email On mobile
-hackers attack payment application.
-bad reputation of the platform
Customer changes his mind The service Loss of trust among users / Costumer should pay 15$ if he
recommended a plumber to the location he
Moderate
The customer refuses to accept presented to the customer does not meet his customers
Frequent
demand.
or pay the service after requests (quality, cost, Interns confirmation). Financial losses (plumber,
confirmation. application, employers )
If there is a lot of people want specific Loss of trust among users / Privacy in a way plumber cv wouldn’t be
plumber that will cause losing of time and customers shown for very far people so that cant call
serious
him
high
High demands on plumber maybe other plumber in application will Financial losses (plumber,
leave. application, employers )
19 |P age4.3- Marketing Plan :
4.3.1- Strategic Marketing (segmentation,targeting and positioning )
Customer Target Segmentation:
The adapted segmentation variables differ for each of the collaborators:
Plumbers
People: all people that may have plumbing problems in their houses companies...
Municipalities
Universities and schools
Targeting :
Targeting variables adapted for:
Plumbers
Parents
20 |P age Adult people
Ngo s who cares about environment and people health
People aged >12 years
The positioning :
Competition:
The competition will be with the trust of people and nothing else since a new idea
The other competition will be with the plumber who work lonely in his city and refuse to be adopted by any.
Competitive Analysis
21 |P ageMe Competitor A
Factor
Weakness Point Strength Weakness Point
Strength points over 5 Points over 5
Points Points
This service is for Unique idea that may 2 Have a historical Individual work which may 2
all people not be accepted by relationship with cause him lot of work that
Products/Se
rvices people people in his city can’t handle alone
free application It may cost a little bit 2 All the income -time 2
download but some more than plumbers goes to him
Price extra paid plumber who work individual
to pay for us
Can guarantee work none 4 none If any problem happen can’t
since we don’t want fix for lack of time and
Quality to lose our good response
picture in
community
Selection
22 |P ageMe Competitor A
Factor
Weakness Point Strength Weakness Point
Strength points over 5 Points over 5
Points Points
Easy to use and call Be afraid of our 2
Customer
any plumber he service
Service or
after sale want
service
Plumber adopted No experience 2 Good experience none
should have As a person on market
Expertise experience
Events and New on market and 2 Moderate Work alone so all 1
advertisement everything is new reputation responsibilities is his duty if
Company should give us a people afraid of any problem happens it cost
Reputation good Reputation him a lot of bad reputation
happens it cost him a lot of
bad reputation
Nabatieh as a start Not a lot building 3 The place he live
construction projects
Location
23 |P ageMe Competitor A
Factor
Weakness Point Strength Weakness Point
Strength points over 5 Points over 5
Points Points
And there is a lack
number of
plumbers
Reorts by medias, Languages dificulities 2
pages on facebook
Sales
Method …
Reviewed at stated Not evaluated 2
intervals
Credit
Policies
Can make any
ADS for any
Advertising company to
increase our
incomes
24 |P age4.3.2- Operational Marketing (4 P of the marketing mix)
The marketing mix:
"The marketing mix (sometimes referred to as a market plan or a marketing policy) refers to the
coherent set of product, price, distribution and communication decisions of a company's or
brand's products.
Product / Service Policy:
Provide plumbers to fix people problem in their house.
Provide plumbers for government and municipalities projects in cities
Provide work for many unemployed people such as cce engineer,
plumbers …
Provide a paid ADS for sanitary companies to display their goods
Safety and security of plumbing working
Name, logo and slogan of the product / service :
Product name justification:
Near Plumber is the name of my application to show that the plumber is near to you and
ready to fix your plumbing problem.
Slogan justification:
“We repair what your husband fixed“
A funny slogan to let people more curious to download our application.
Logo justification:
Having an attractive logo, with a colorful posters all around your country. Reports by different
media, and creating own page on your social media surely will reach all costumers
25 |P ageYear 1 /$ Year 2 /$ Year 3 /$ Year 4 /$ Year 5 /$
Details
Details
Details
Details
Details
Amount
Amount
Amount
Amount
Amount
CPC($0.3 per People
1000x0.3=300$ 1500x0.3= People
Facebook People People
750x0.3=225 People
2000x0.3
Plumbers click on Plumbers Plumbers Plumbers Plumbe
Campaign average ) need $ 450$ =600$
Companies Companie Companies Companies rs
500 click to
Cost Per Click s Compan
(CPC)Click to our show
site/Facebook page 500x 0.3 = 150
ies
Cost Per Mile (CPM) $
Impression of our ads
(site or page)
Google Adwords Near 200$ per year Near 200$ per year Near 200$ per year Near 200$ per Near 200$
plumber plumbe plumber plumber year plumb per
SEO (Search r er year
Engine
Optimasation)
Events Plumbers 5 event/year = Plumbers 5 event/year = Plumbers 5 event/year = Plumbers 5 Plumber 5
People 1000$ People 1000$ People 1000$ People event/year s event/yea
Schools Schools Schools Schools = 1000$ People r=
Universities Universiti Universities Universities Schools 1000$
Municipalis es Municipalise Municipalis Universit
e Municipa e ies
lise Municip
alise
26 |P ageBlogger blogger 4 blogger = blogger 4 blogger = blogger every 4 blogger = blogger 4 blogger blogger 4 blogger
every 3 300$/year every 3 300$/year 3 months 300$/year every 3 = every 3 =
months months months 300$/year months 300$/yea
r
Total 2400 $ 1750$ 1800 $ 1950 2100
27 |P agePricing
Pricing take place due to problem in plumbing system in the market rather than
ADS from companies and subscription fee from plumber .
Location
The location is in Nabatieh, but as a online service ,the place isn’t very important for people but
it is important for plumbers since they have some ignorance in technology.
Distribution Channels
Nabatieh as first step
28 |P age4.4- Financial study:
4.4.1- Cost Structure:
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Purchase of goods + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Purchase raw materials + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Supply charges + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Rent and rental charges + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Repairs charges + $400 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200
Furnitures + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Advertising costs at Google + $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200
Advertising costs on Facebook + $150 $225 $300 $450 $600 $700
Advertising costs by email + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Advertising costs by e-mail + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Cost structure
Event expenses + $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000
Shipping costs + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Development and hosting of the
technical platform (Website)
+ $3,500 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300
Development and hosting of the
Mobile Web Application Technical + $3,500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500
Platform "Android and IOS"
Salaries and wages (1 employee) + $9,400 $9,400 $9,400 $9,400 $9,400 $9,400
blogger + $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300
+ $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
+ $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
+ $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
+ $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
+ $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Sum of costs = $18,450 $12,125 $12,200 $12,350 $12,500 $12,600
4.4.2- Profit Structure:
-plumber adopted first year = 20 plumber should pay 30 each month to be adopted by our
application
30$ x 12x 15 = 5400 $
29 |P age-5% from income money to plumber after fixing any problem to people
Let’s say every problem cost 50$
So 0.2x50x500 problem = 5000 $
-big projects who needs engineer supervise I’ll take 15 % of income money from
plumber
Let’s say 2 big projects in first year
15000$ x 0.15= 2.250 $ (engineer + application)
2250+5000+5400=12650$
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
companies ADS + $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000
Sales of services + $12,650 $15,000 $18,000 $21,000 $30,000 $38,000
Profit structure
Sale of advertisements on the platform + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Sale of products + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
+ $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
+ $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
+ $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
+ $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
+ $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Sum of profits = $15,650 $19,000 $23,000 $27,000 $37,000 $46,000
4.4.3- Provisional Results
We started with a starting balance sheet at the end of the year 2017, then the five years of
investment (2018-2022) and the balance sheet of the year 2023 which will help us make
decisions.
30 |P ageGross Operating Surplus
(EBE) = Profit Structure - Cost = ($2,800) $6,875 $10,800 $14,650 $24,500 $33,400
Structure
Margin rate = EBITDA /
-0.18 0.36 0.47 0.54 0.66 0.73
Turnover
Depreciation and amortization - $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400
Provisions - $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Gross Operating Result =
EBE-depreciation
= ($3,200) $6,475 $10,400 $14,250 $24,100 $33,000
Financial products + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Financial charges - $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Exceptional products + $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Exceptional charges - $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Current result before tax = ($3,200) $6,475 $10,400 $14,250 $24,100 $33,000
Taxes on profits (15%) - $0 $971 $1,560 $2,138 $3,615 $4,950
Net predicted result (RN) = ($3,200) $5,504 $8,840 $12,113 $20,485 $28,050
forecast cash flow from
operations = Net result + = ($2,800) $5,904 $9,240 $12,513 $20,885 $28,450
amortization + provisions
forecast cash flow from
operations update
= ($2,545) $4,879 $6,942 $8,546 $12,968 $16,059
31 |P age4.4.4- Financial analysis
Net present value (NPV) over 5 years :
Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the
present value of cash outflows over a period of time. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze
the profitability of a projected investment or project..
o VAN = -I + CF1 / (1+i) + CF2 / (1+i) ^2 + CF3 / (1 +i)^3+ CF4 / (1 +i)^4+ CF5 / (1 +i)^5
- (I) it is the amount invested
- CF is the estimated cash flow of each year.
- i it is the discount rate which is equal to 10% (interest on Treasury bills in
Lebanon = 7.08% and the risk is 1.5).
Net present value (NPV) over 5 years calculation
-20000 Invested amount
($2,545) Year 1
$4,879 Year 2
$6,942 Year 3
$8,546 Year 4
$12,968 Year 5
$16,059 Year 6
$9,888.32 NPV
Internal rate of return calculation
Internal rate of return (IRR) is a metric used in capital budgeting to estimate the profitability of
potential investments. Internal rate of return is a discount rate that makes the net present
value (NPV) of all cash flows from a particular project equal to zero.
An investment project will generally be retained only if its predictable IRR is sufficiently higher
than the bank interest rate, to take into account, in particular, the risk premium specific to the
type of project.
32 |P ageInternal rate of return calculation over the 5 years
Invested
-20000 amount
($2,545) Year 1
$4,879 Year 2
$6,942 Year 3
$8,546 Year 4
$12,968 Year 5
$16,059 Year 6
$9,888.32 NPV
Internal rate of
20% return
Profitability
$1.49 index
Recovery time of the amount invested:
33 |P ageRecovery time of the projet
Operating cash flow Recovery time
Year 1 ($2,545) ($2,545)
Year 2 $4,879 $2,334
Year 3 $6,942 $9,276
2
Year 4 $8,546 $17,822 $17,822 months
$2,178.0 1080.66
Year 5 $12,968 $30,790 0 7
Year 6 $16,059 $46,849
$104,525
To recover the
amount
invested $
20000 we need
5 years and 2
months
Profitability Index:
The profitability index is an index that attempts to identify the relationship between the costs
and benefits of a proposed project
Profitability Index = (Net present value + invested amount) / invested amount
= (9888+20000) /20000
= 1.49> 1 => the project is profitable.
The company can expect to cash $ 0.49 for every dollar invested. That is, the net present value
is $ 0.49.
Bibliography
34 |P age Books : Google form
Studies, research projects… : Google form
Reports :none
Websites: didn’t state any but lot of website researches
35 |P ageAppendices
Study with people about providing plumbing importance
My name is AHMAD MOSTAFA; student at Islamic University. I'm working on a professional project that aims to
create a mobile platform that allows several parties "PLUMBERS, PUBLIC, PARENTS … " to facilitate communication
between people and plumbers with high work performance and safety.
The purpose of this questionnaire is to receive your proposals and recommendations to improve this proposed
service.
This study also allows us to know whether or not you match the profile of the NEAR PLUMBER.
Responses will remain confidential and will only be used for the purposes of the project.
36 |P age37 |P age
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