DAMADEI Design and Advanced Materials As a Driver of European Innovation
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DAMADEI
Design and Advanced Materials As a Driver of European Innovation
,,
How is a designer to keep abreast the latest
developments in material science and develop
a working familarity to a whole generation of
unfamiliar inventions?
Partners:
Danish Design Center, Happy Materials Materio, MaterFAD,
Copenhagen, Denmark Prague, Czech Republic Barcelona, Spain
DAMADEI
Design and Advanced Materials
As a Driver of European Innovation
www.damadei.eu
ISBN:
87-90904-67-2
Wherever possible, advanced materials are
presented with audio visual links to see the What to expect
material in action. They are marked with this
symbol. An inclusive, but not exclusive
briefing on, for and from
The information and views set out in this report are the world of advanced materials,
those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect designers, visionaries, creators, makers, doers,
the official opinion of the European Union. written with numerous examples and
Neither the European Union institutions and bodies a comprehensive listing of major scientific and research players,
nor any person acting on their behalf may be held rare earth, wierd composites, interesting materials, even more curious applications, nano scale futures,
responsible for the use which may be made of the sustainable manufacturing, industrial designers, material enthusiasts, material collectors,
information contained therein. material manufacturers, material suppliers, material experts, material scientists, material technologists, product engineers and
material startup success stories for anyone
We have sought prior permissions to third-party interested in any one of these to understand the barriers, challenges and key issues facing these actors in facilitating
textual or artistic material wherever possible. the innovation in the invention they have already created.
Information in the Report is gathered from the thrid-
party’s own website.
The reproduction of the third-party textual or artistic
material included is prohibited. Reproduction of
other original content is authorised provided the
source is acknowledged.
Cover image:
B-Motion project, a BMW initiative with IED students
Ana Cristina García, Natalia Pérez Rodríguez (Fashion
Design) and Daniel Velarde (Transport Design).
Project Manager Horge Pérez, I+ED Lab Director
(Investigation y Education)
“How is a designer to keep abreast the latest
developments in material science and develop
a working familarity to a whole generation of
unfamiliar inventions?”
Inspired from From Kaolin to Kevlar: Emerging Materials
for Inventing New Architecture. 54. John Fernandez.
This project has been funded with support from
the European Commission. This publication reflects
the views only of the author, and the Commission
cannot be held responsible for any use which may
be made of the information contained therein.
© European Union, 2013
2 3
Contents
Foreword 7 5.2 The Designer: a multifaceted role 66
Contributors 6 5.3 Design Education 68
Acknowledgements 6 5.4 The value of Prototyping 70
Executive Summary 8 5.5 The art of Making in the Innovation Process 71
5.5.1 Computational and Simulation Tools 72
section I 5.6 When Designers design materials 74
Partners, Objectives, Method 5.7
5.8
Design Manufacturing
Materials in the Design Process
80
84
1 Introduction 13 5.9 Sustainability and the Designer 88
1.1 Project Rationale 14 5.9.1 Risks and Regulation in the use of Advanced Materials 89
1.2 Objectives 16 5.10 The Innovation Grail: What eludes 90
1.2.1 Results 16
1.3 The Partners 17 section IV
1.3.1
1.3.2
Fostering Arts and Design (FAD), Spain
Happy Materials, Czech Republic
17
17
Insights, Barriers, Needs, Trends
1.3.3 Danish Design Center, Denmark 17 6 Analysis : How to read this section 97
2 Methodology & Approach 18 6.1 SWOT Analysis on Advanced Materials Sector 98
2.1 Research-in-depth 18 SWOT Analysis on Design Sector 99
2.2 The Materialism Symposium and its Format 18 6.2 Key Barriers on the Advanced Materials Sector 100
2.3 The Website & Collaborative Platform 20 Key Barriers on the Design Sector 101
2.4 Travelling Exhibition Materialism European Tour 21 6.3 Key Insights on the Advanced Materials Sector 102
Key Insights on the Design Sector 103
section II 6.4 Key Needs of the Advanced Materials Sector 104
European Advanced Material sector 6.5
Key Needs of the Design Sector
Scientific community vs Design Community
105
106
3 An introduction to Advanced Materials 24 6.6 Challenges in Commercialising 107
3.1 What are Advanced Materials? 25 7 Emerging Trends (Bi Sector) 108
3.1.1 Active Materials 25 7.1 Democratic Materials 109
3.1.2 Advanced Composites 26 7.2 Democratic Manufacturing 112
3.1.3 Advanced Manufacturing 28 7.3 Natures as inspiration, form and function 114
3.1.4 Advanced Textiles & Fibers 29 7.4 Technology, Materials & Region: Creation of an ecosystem 116
3.1.5 Coatings 29 7.5 Note on Material use Facilitation as a consultancy Practice 118
3.1.6 NanoTechnology 30
3.1.7 Gels & Foams 31 section V
3.1.8
3.1.9
High Performance Polymers
Light Alloys
31
32
Best Practise Cases
3.2 Materials and Materiality 34 8.1 Tretorn, SE 122
3.3 Materials and a Design process 35 8.2 Cranial Loop, ES 124
4 The European Advanced Materials Sector 37 8.3 Zieta,PL 126
4.1 Identifying key stakeholders 38 8.4 Plastic Logic, UK 128
4.1.1 Suppliers / Raw Materials 38 8.5 Sugru, UK 130
4.1.2 Manufacturers 39 8.6 Termix, ES 132
4.1.3 Research Centers 40 8.7 Sensing Tex, ES 134
4.1.4 Technology Centers 43 8.8 Gravelli, CZ 136
4.1.5 Technology Transfer Facilitation 44 8.9 Dyecoo, NL 138
4.1.6 Licensing 45 8.10 D3o, UK 140
4.2 Data and Materials : Its all about Material Selection 46
4.2.1 Effects Databases 46 section VI
4.2.2
4.2.3
Material Databases
Material Libraries
47
48
Workshop and Exhibition: Actions and Results
4.3 Technology Scouting: Choosing materials in a corporate 55 9 Workshops 144
4.4 Trade fairs 56 9.1 London 145
4.5 Material Experts 57 9.2 Copenhagen 148
4.6 How small Scientifc Step leads to a big Design Leap 58 9.3 Prague 152
9.4 Barcelona 156
section III 9.5 Appendix 160
European Design sector Workshop Participants
List of websites
160
164
5 What is the Design Industry Landscape in Europe? 64 List of videos 167
5.1 The New Role of Design Associations 65
4 5
Acknowledgements Foreword
DAMADEI Partners and their offices: Contributors by Nille Juul-Sørensen, CEO, Danish Design Center
Research and writing by
Fostering Arts and Design (FAD), Spain Priya Mani, Design Researcher, unless mentioned otherwise.
Jordi Torrents, DAMADEI Project Manager Nille Juul Sørensen, CEO, Danish Design Centre, DK We need to start shaping a future for ourselves Now when we are in the candy shop we have
David Cutcliffe, Design Site Leader, Alstom Transport, ES that can incorporate all the new technologies that to think about which materials we shall use and
Materfad, Materials Centre – Barcelona, Spain Dr. Javier Peña, Scientific Manager, Materfad, will come and a future in balance between the how do we start using them.
Valérie Bergeron, Architect, Materials Library Fostering Arts and Design (FAD), ES environment and us. To me, materials will play a
Manager Mette Bak Andersen, Københavns Erhvervsakademi (KEA), DK crucial part in shaping this future. It is not just all As a designer we must start working very close
Aline Charransol, Workshop Coordinator the new materials that are interesting but more with the scientific world to find the right material
Javier Peña, Chemist, Scientific Director And to all those who spared time to be interesting is how the creative and the scientific for the right purpose. It’s not just enough that I like
Guillem Pericay, Graphic Designer interviewed for this project, world can collaborate in transforming our future a material, its colour, its tactility or the shapes I can
Iván Rodríguez, Materials Engineer Aart Van Bezooyen, Material Stories, DE so it will be a sustainable future on all levels and make from it. It is about how can we produce the
Cristina Serra, Graphic Designer Ales Gardian, Elmarco, CZ a future where we have designed systems that will material looking at a holistic production. Will the
Josep Seuba, Technical Advisor Anders Kofoed, Green Machine, DK be able to incorporate new technologies and new material fit its purpose or can I do it in a smarter
Pol Surinyach, Industrial Design Engineer Anthony Dodworth, Dodworth Design, UK materials. We must start designing a future where way? How do I up-cycle the material after it has
Javier del Toro, Industrial Design Engineer Cameron Smith, USA materials forms objects that are responsible, user been used for my purpose and what will the
Nicole Vindel, Industrial Design Engineer Christian Grosen, DK friendly and sustainable on all levels. lifespan of the material be?
David Cutcliffe, Alstom, ES
Danish Design Centre – Copenhagen, Denmark Els Zijlstra, Materia, NL As a designer and architect I have always been We also have to access the knowledge on
Maria Hørmann, Change Maker & Project Manager Efrat Friedland, DesignAffairs, DE very fascinated by materials because they play materials from other industries so that creatives
Susanne Schenstrøm, Architect, Graphic Designer Francesc Xavier Vilana, NEOS Surgery, ES such a big part in forming new ideas and solving can start making crossover materials and crossover
Emma P. Borgström, Project Assistant Hanne Jensen, Coloplast, DK challenges in the creative process. In the building use of the materials. If the design and the scientific
Helle Jensen, DuPont, DK process it is looking into more traditional materials world can find a way to explore the new intelligent
Danish Design Centre, Consultants Ingrid Farré, Fundacio Alicia, ES and how you could use them in a new and materials together in a close collaboration, then
Erik Haastrup Müller, Founder, Futation Jack Mama, Electrolux, SE surprising ways or how one could mix them in we have a golden opportunity to answer some of
Priya Mani, Design Researcher Jakob Brahe, Brahe Design, DK new patterns. When entering the field of design the many challenges we face in shaping our future.
Chris Lefteri, Designer & Founder, Chris Lefteri Jan Buk, Kertak technologies, CZ my eyes were opened to total new materials and
Design Ltd., UK Jan Čmelik, Elmarco NanoTechnologies, CZ their production. I was amazed about how many I believe that we are running out of time in the
Jiří Dudjak, Nanovia, CZ materials there were out there and how few I knew way we run Planet Earth and we have an urgency
With many thanks to Chris Lefteri Design Studio Jiří Peters, Gravelli, CZ about.I found materials that was invented 50 years to start forming our future. Material scientist and
Gaia Crippa, Design Researcher Kristoffer Kelstrup, Moef, DK ago but was shelved due to extreme production designers need to focus on how we can start
Fanny Nilsson, Chris Lefteri Design Ladislav Eberl, Gravelli, DK cost at the time they were invented and now replacing about 80% to 90% of the materials we
Gemma Roper, Chris Lefteri Design Laia Badal, Fundacio Alicia, ES 50 years later cost has come down so they can have around us today. It is not going to be a
Marcela Munzarová, Nanovia, CZ be used. quick fix but by starting the process today we
Happy Materials | matériO – Prague, Czech Marco Capellini, Matrec, IT will be capable of making the transformation into
Republic Martin Kopic, Elmarco NanoTechnologies, CZ Design also opened my eyes for all the new smart the ecological age. If we can come up with new
Lucie Havlova, Chemist, Materials Expert and Mette Bak Andersen, KEA, DK or intelligent materials constantly being invented. materials and new ways of using the already
Materials Library Supervisor Miquel Ridao, Sensing Tex, ES Some for a purpose and some because we just invented materials, even going back to the old,
Tomas Hendrych, Artist and Materials Library Morten Olsen, Actura NanoTech, DK can. One can say that it’s like walking into a candy known materials but using them in new contexts,
Supervisor Pernille Singer, Coloplast, DK shop. we will have a chance to make a big effort in
Ivana Vejrazkova, Chemist and Materials Library Reinier Mommaal, NL shaping the future.
Manager Sasha Peters, Haute Materials, DE
Helena Pankova, Architect and Materials Consultant Salvador Llas Vargas, Neos Surgery, ES
Anna Berankova, Designer and Materials Consultant Tomáš Fencl, Nanovia, CZ
Tereza Zelenkova, Project Assistant Vanessa Carpenter, Geek Physical, DK
DAMADEI workshops organised and
documented by
Maria Hørmann, Danish Design Centre, DK
Valérie Bergeron, Materfad, Fostering Arts
and Design (FAD), ES
Ivana Vejrazkova, Happy Materials, CZ
Chris Lefteri, Lefteri Design Studio, UK
Lucie Havlova, Happy Materials, CZ
Dr. Javier Peña, Materfad, Fostering Arts
and Design (FAD), ES
Please note that this Report is based on
the Material Families that were pre decided
by the Consortium Members and their
representatives from Danish Design Centre,
MaterFAD and Happy Materials.
6 7
Executive Summary
We are entering a new era where products and experiences are going to be The design sector has been explained as the ecosystem around the creators- the
shaped by invisible forces, complex science and new manufacturing methods. designers. Their involvement from idea to execution has been outlined indicating
The influence of nanotechnology are manifesting itself in a whole new range of how access to new knowledge and possibilities can accelerate innovation. Many
applications, even creating markets that don’t exist today. This is not just space designers are at the forefront of this new wave of design led technological
age stories but real down to earth applications in everyday life- a vehicle to the innovations. Yet the effect needs to spread widely in the community to combat the
moon, to the tools for brain surgeries, to the food we eat are all products of apprehensions of working with advanced technologies.
advanced materials and processes. The DAMADEI report takes you on a journey
to meet the actors from the worlds of advanced materials and designers. It is an The mapping and analysis of the advanced materials and design sectors has been
attempt to understand the diverse world of materials at different levels. done across industry sectors and materials families to further demonstrate the
holistic nature of its application and influence.
Mapping the advanced materials sector and the design sector is a big task. As a
start, the report has taken on this onerous task to systematically introduce the A detailed analysis clearly indicates that while knowledge is prime in the advanced
players and mechanisms of both worlds to each other. A good level of familiarity materials sector, the consecutive protection of this know-how is fuelled by singular
with the actors and acknowledging their role and contribution to the big picture pursuits. The sector’s access to research funds and knowledge gives them the
is the first step to collaboration. The categories are large, and in many instances advantage of being at the forefront of innovation. Technology in the digital age is
the actors are not singular in their role. For example a raw material supplier could fast paced as never before giving science and technology research a momentum to
also have large research activities and be a manufacturer. Likewise, a designer tailor properties of materials and engage in a collaboration to customise science
could provide the design and be the producer of his own design assuming for practical applications. Yet, bringing scientific knowledge into commercial
responsibility for the context relevance and sustainability of his product idea. application needs many stakeholders and the advanced research world seldom
Yet, this mapping gives a clear idea of the value chains. This knowledge is vital moves over sectors to find the right partners and the unspoken bureaucracy of
as intervention and collaboration at different stages can lead to a broad spectrum knowledge, information and alliances means that scientific research remains
of innovations, from incremental to radical. creatively untapped. There are opportunities to create early alliances between
material suppliers and manufacturers with designers to incubate radical
The report then moves on to discuss with vivid examples instances where the technology-led design ideas and startups that need support from product makers
scientific world has brought research to the real world and designers have been or themselves creating front end products which can help this sector have more
the unsung heroes of that translation and more instances where designers have intellectual control over market tendencies.
seeked with enough scientific enquiry and curiosity to realise their ideas with the
use of very advanced materials. While designers have an innate understanding of user behaviour, socio-cultural
factors and their interaction with product semantics and product systems,
The report explores in great detail the role of material libraries and material designers can trigger scientific enquiry in very naive and fundamentally different
experts in facilitating knowledge transfer, lateral thinking in both industry sectors ways. They can develop an intuitive way to work with advanced materials because
and eventually creating the cross pollination that is the need of the hour to of their own iterative, empirical way of working with fabrication and materials. Yet,
accelerate the innovation process. Many leading libraries have been profiled to the design community does not have direct access to scientific information,
explain their services, value offerings and material focus. research findings and experiments still at the lab stage. The lack of funds
dedicated to foster this alliance makes it tough to enter the scientific world without
The advanced materials sector has been presented with all the various a concrete commercial proposal. Designers have different education backgrounds
stakeholders in this system, from fundamental researchers to product engineers but an affinity to formal aspects but the difference in their aptitude for science can
and material scientists explaining their role in the industry and how interaction of mean they have difficulty working with the scientifically abstract. There is an
a designer with each of these actors can help foster innovation. Numerous opportunity to create early alliances between designers and material suppliers,
examples have been cited at every instance to demonstrate the idea that putting and manufacturers to incubate radical design-led technology ideas and startups to
science into context is imperative for research to capture value in innovation. use advanced materials in design to be a huge product and feature differentiator
to capture new markets.
8 9
section I
Partners, Objectives, METHODS
10 11
1 Introduction
The DAMADEI report is a culmination of insights This section presents the key findings of the
from 10 months of research, travel, interviews, project and key barriers and challenges in
workshops and the Materialism travelling commercialising that is dogging the industries.
exhibition. It must be read at various planes – for This section is the essence of this enquiry in a
the most basic part, the report is a map of all the nutshell for those working with systemic agendas
stakeholders in the advanced materials industry such as policy makers, educators and industry
and the design industry explaining the nuances facilitators.
and mechanisms at play in these sectors.
Section 4 also introduces the emerging trends of
For the curious designer who would like to know democratic making of materials and democratic
all about what scientists do, Section 2 is a wealth manufacturing with a huge do-it-yourself
of information. Dr. Javier Peña, Scientific Manager, approach to this subject. New ecosystems of
Materfad (FAD) offers an overview of advanced material based startups are springing around
material families chosen for this project to Europe and a surge of interest in materials has
demonstrate their size and pervasiveness. The made advice on materials a specialised
stakeholders of this sector from raw material consultancy practice.
suppliers to manufacturers, research centers,
technology centers, technology transfer centers, 10 best practice cases have been selected from
material libraries and technology scouts have around Europe to demonstrate different things-
been introduced providing fair insights into their the importance of lateral thinking in radical
role, contributions and collaboration touchpoints. innovation with the Tretorn Ball, the agility of a
The mechanisms of licensing, patents, material design process in designing the Cranial Loop, the
selection, role of databases and trade fairs are also power of imagination and play with Zieta’s inflated
discussed here. steel pipes, the endless iterations science offers
with the Plastic Logic’s organic electronics, the
For the scientific world that has long been trying to persistence of a designer’s pursuit to push
fathom creative chaos, the mechanisms of a scientific boundaries with Sugru, the real world
design process are laid bare in Section 3, as match making possibilities offered by material
designers are introduced alongside their libraries with Termix’s hair brushes, the eventual
approach to prototyping, use of computational commercialisation of fragile embedded
and simulation tools, design manufacturing, technologies in smart textiles with Sensing Tex,
concerns of sustainability and eventually deep creative manufacturing with LiCrete and finally the
knowledge of how materials fare in use. David big impact DyeCoo will have on this world with
Cutcliffe, Design Site Leader at Alstom Transport in the commercialisation of its waterless dyeing
Barcelona has written a prolific overview of how techniques.
designers use materials in the train transport
industry citing examples from his work and those Numerous examples and references have been
of his peers. Mette Bak Andersen, a design cited wherever possible to inspire the reader to go
educator at the Københavns Erhvervsakademi online and read more. A comprehensive list of the
(KEA), Denmark has written about the challenges websites of all institutes, companies, products and
of staying at the forefront of inventions as a design technologies mentioned in the report is available
student and the future she foresees with setting up in the Appendix. All materials and technologies
a materials library in the design school. mentioned in this report have also been annotated
with video links listed in the Appendix as we truly
Reading the report from Section 4 could be very believe the magic of technology is best seen to be
valid for anyone who has worked at the believed.
intersection of design and technology and faced
real situations of forging a collaboration between The report contains a documentation of all
the two worlds. the workshops and material exhibition tours
conducted as part of the DAMADEI Project as well.
12 13
1.1 Project rationale
The European Commission has recently published services user-friendly and appealing, design of building bridges between the technical and Thus, several recent reports demonstrate that
the European Competitiveness Report 2010. ‘closes the innovation loop’ from initial research commercial departments. Similarly, designers creative industries have a recognized important
Recovering from a severe recession, the report to commercially viable innovations and, as such, without entrepreneurial skills may find it difficult and transformative role in the EU‘s economy.
identifies the main future determinants of EU has the potential to increase efficiency of overall to start and grow their own business. These issues Creative industries are often defined as the main
competitiveness on world markets. One of these R&D and innovation spending. need to be tackled through education that better drivers of innovation and encompass an even
determinants is the creative industries sector, integrates design with management, basic bigger potential. In this regard, design is a
which is among the fastest growing sectors in the As design activity puts the user at the centre, business and entrepreneurship. powerful tool for innovation in new or emerging
EU creating new jobs, playing key roles in global design-driven innovation is different from the markets where user-friendly and appealing design
value chains and spurring innovation. traditional linear, science or technology-driven Finally, the lack of knowledge about the potential is a must to create or enter the market. However,
model of innovation. In this particular matter, use of the advanced materials in designing new there are still some barriers obstructing the full
According to the 2006 KEA European Affairs the 2007 Innobarometer survey of innovative products becomes a serious obstacle for the development of such potential. One of the main
report on The Economy of Culture in Europe, companies across the EU found that over a quarter development of the new products taking remaining barriers is the lack of knowledge about
commissioned by the European Commission, the (27%) considered that design staff had been a advantage of these high-end technologies. the potential use of advanced materials in
cultural and creative sectors in Europe generated major source of ideas for their innovative activities, designing new products.
a turnover of approximately €650 billion, slightly ahead of research staff (25%). This figure
contributed to 2.6% of EU GDP in 2003 and was above 40% in some countries (Belgium,
grew 12.3% more than the general economy Greece, Ireland, Finland), and in high and
from 1999 to 2003. They employed approximately medium-tech sectors. One perspective on the
4.7 million people, equivalent to 2.5% of the relationship between design, innovation and
active employed population in EU-25. competitiveness is to consider that design acts The DAMADEI Project seeks to raise awareness among designers and to
as bridge between science, technology and the provide them with the appropriate experience on how to take advantage of
For the design sector specifically, the lack of a user by putting the user in the centre. The role
commonly agreed definition and of available data of design is to strengthen the communication these huge opportunities regarding advanced materials. In this way, design
make comparisons between countries difficult. between the different parts of the innovation will be able to unlock its full potential as a driver of innovation and European
Tentative estimates put the number of designers process – for example between R&D and
in Europe at 410 000. These create a total turnover production, R&D and marketing, to turn ideas competitiveness.
of €36 billion, which represents slightly more and technological inventions into products
than 5% of the knowledge-intensive service sector and services, and make innovative products
in the EU. The aforesaid report demonstrates that commercially acceptable, user-friendly and
creative industries have a recognized important appealing. In this sense, design is a tool for
and transformative role in the EU’s economy. innovation in new or emerging markets where
It shows that creative industries are the main user-friendly and appealing design is a must
drivers of innovation and encompass an even to create or enter the market.
bigger potential. To unlock this potential, the
main barriers which this sector is facing should be A Commission Staff Working Document, Design
tackled through regional, national and EU policies. as a driver of user-centred innovation, identifies
several barriers to better use of design as a tool
Other sources of growth detected at the for innovation in Europe:
European Competitiveness Report 2010 are • Barriers to the use of design in companies,
the Key Enabling Technologies (KET). KETs are mainly in SMEs;
knowledge-intensive and associated with high • Barriers to growth of design businesses;
R&D intensity, rapid innovation cycles, high capital Barriers in education, training and research.
expenditure and highly-skilled employment. They
enable process, goods and service innovation In particular, the lack of awareness and experience
throughout the economy and are of systemic and the lack of knowledge of how and where
relevance. to turn for specialised help; are often mentioned
as barriers for the use of design in companies.
They are multidisciplinary, cutting across many
technology areas with a trend towards As regards to the education and training
convergence and integration. Among the KETs, barriers, the challenge is the lack of designers
Advanced Materials have a current market size of with the right skills and experience in view of
€74 bn and they are essential for the further recent developments in the area of design, such
development of many other KETs, in particular as strategic user-centred design, eco-design,
nanotechnology, micro and nanoelectronics ‘design for all’, design management and
including semiconductors, and photonics. computer-aided design.
One of the main barriers for the development of
potential applications of the KETs is the fact that Design consultants who lack for example basic
the R&D efforts are driven by technological business and management skills may have
opportunities rather than likely preferences of difficulties convincing industrial clients. In-house
users. With its potential to make products and designers without these skills may not be capable
14 15
1.2 Objectives 1.3 The Partners
To consolidate a long-term collaborative European infrastructure 1.3.1 Fostering Arts and Design (FAD),
to enhance the current network of partners through the involvement Materfad, Materials Centre, Barcelona, Spain
of the main European design sector and advanced materials www.fad.cat, www.materfad.com
stakeholders.
The FAD is a private, independent and encourage the world of enterprise to incorporate
To identify the needs, barriers and common areas of application not-for-profit association that has the objective design through numerous activities and projects.
of both sectors as well as to develop the potential interaction of of promoting design and architecture in the Materfad, is one of them. The Barcelona Materials
Design and Advanced Materials as drivers of European innovation. country’s cultural, economic and social spheres. Centre, together with their affiliated centers in
It is articulated through different associations Mexico, Colombia and Chile, results from the
To hold 4 Workshops (London, Barcelona, Prague, and Copenhagen) that represent the various disciplines of design: increasing role played by materials in the
to stimulate creative processes by exchanging European best ADI-FAD industrial design – ADG-FAD graphic development of our society. Materfad’s objective
practices in design through the application of advanced materials. design and visual communication – ARQUIN-FAD is to give visibility to the agents producing
architecture and interior design – A-FAD art, innovative or singular materials and to efficiently
To develop and implement a far-reaching communication plan handicrafts – MODA-FAD image and fashion. guide designers in order to thus foster the transfer
of the results. Founded in 1903, it has become the first centre of knowledge.
of reference for design and architecture in Spain Materfad was represented by Valérie Bergeron in
thanks to its constant work in promoting creative the DAMADEI Project.
1.2.1 Results culture through exhibitions, professional talks,
prizes and events. The FAD creates incentives to
Creation of a permanent network of European design and advanced
materials stakeholders.
1.3.2 Happy Materials (HM),
Prague, Czech Republic
Mapping of the European Design and Advanced Materials sectors. www.happymaterials.com
HM was established in 2004 in Prague and its the latest information about new materials and
In-depth research into the interactions between Design and Advanced main aim is to explore and bring information about to use the knowledge in educating creative
Materials. new materials to the Czech market. HM provides industry members in the Czech Republic.
information about innovative materials through Happy Materials was represented by Ivana
seminars, exhibitions and publishing vocational Vejrazkova in the DAMADEI Project.
Identification of European best practices for these interactions. articles and books. HM owns a materials library
which has been transferred from matériO Paris
in 2010, an independent information centre
4 innovative workshops on design & advanced materials in London, on materials and innovative products. This
Copenhagen, Prague and Barcelona, including an exhibition of advanced materials. cooperation enables Happy Materials to have
Creation of acollaborative platform as an online meeting 1.3.3 Danish Design Centre (DDC),
point for Design and Advanced Materials. Copenhagen, Denmark
www.ddc.dk
Publication of the main conclusion of the project. The Danish Design Centre is an independent, strengthen soci ety’s capacity through design
government-funded organization established and – in a contemporary way – to carry on,
in 1978. DDC’s focus in relation to the design enhance and renew the Danish design tradition.
Staging of a final dissemination event coinciding with community and business sector is on collecting, The DDC’s mantra is ‘design that makes sense’,
Barcelona’s FADFest. communicating and testing knowledge about the and its key knowledge areas are new materials,
main factors that influence design and how design new technology, and big data.
can continue to be a driver for innovation and The Danish Design Center was represented
growth in the future. The DDC is working with by Maria Hørmann in the DAMADEI Project.
these topics in close cooperation with designers, (logo)
partners, sponsors, businesses and audiences
both nationally and internationally. The aim is to
16 17
2 Methodology & Approach
From the onset, the collaborators of the project
were passionate about materials, they were
2.1 The Research-in-Depth
An in-depth research has been conducted as an
passionate about design and were unanimous that effort to assimilate industry trends and understand
they wanted to create a platform and knowledge the core issues that the stakeholders face. Different
pool that could bring the two together and stay stakeholders have been interviewed across Europe,
alive, active and usable by the community long and have been visited at their facilities to understand
after the project was over. what goes into the making and manufacturing of
advanced materials – from research labs to large
Much has been written about advanced materials factories, and taking the same investigations forward
and smart materials for designers and the effort with designers who tinker around with new materials
has been fantastic in creating an awareness in to make futuristic usables and design manufacturers
the creative community. Material libraries and who strive to make this a commercial reality. The
their outreach efforts to connect suppliers and findings, insights and analysis has been presented
facilitators of creative projects have also instigated in Section 4 of this Report.
much curiosity in the creative community but Read more on Pg 95
keeping them up-to-date with the latest, most
innovative materials is a difficult task. The effort 2.2 The Materialism Symposium and its Format
needed to constantly update libraries is not As part of the dissemination efforts of the DAMADEI
unknown. Both books and online libraries have Project, the project partners organised a symposium
limitations of visibility, consistent relevance and and an exhibition of more than 40 advanced materials
committed users. This was the pretext to plan the at their headquarters. A specific theme was chosen
activities of the project like the creation of a relevant to a strong industry cluster of the hosting
visual repository of stakeholders from suppliers partner. The symposiums were conducted in London,
of materials to designers working with them, Copenhagen, Prague and Barcelona. The symposiums
and an in-depth research into the two sectors to organised during the DAMADEI Project brought The workshops created much synergy and
1
understand the challenges they face in innovating. together the creative industry and the technologists, dialogue between industry stakeholders in both
The key activities of the project are outlined here. creating a dialogue and intense brainstorming sectors. Tomas Hendrych of Happy Materials
sessions putting focus on future applications at the DAMADEI Symposium in Prague talking
of advanced materials. about stabilised Aluminium foam from AlusionTM.
About 45 participants representing different
areas such as research, design, industry, start-ups,
education, architecture and the creative underground
were invited at each workshop. Each symposium had
a theme and the experts, speakers and participants
were chosen in that context.
The day included short presentations from national
and international presenters on advanced materials
and design. The core of the day was ideas for future
solutions in intense Sketcha Kutcha sessions.
Pic 1 Partcipants facebook from the London A selection of 4 advanced materials was used
workshop, at the Sketcha Kutcha workshop as inspiration
to visualise future applications. The output from
Pic 2 Participants facebook from the Cph the day was 20 ideas on solutions, services and
workshop, products based on the materials and the theme.
The 20 ideas were part of a traveling exhibition
Pic 3 Participants facebook from the Barcelona that followed the Symposiums in Europe. The
workshop, exhibition is called Materialism European Tour
showcasing 40 advanced materials.
Pic 4 Participants facebook from the Prague Read more on Pg. 144
workshop
The materials on display at the Materialism tour 2
in Copenhagen, where visitors could touch, feel
and interact with them. They were tagged with
QR codes so that all information about them
were instantly available online.
18 192.3 The Website and Collaborative Platform 2.4 The Travelling exhibition: Materialism
European Tour
In the wake of creating something that will be 150 local stakeholders were mapped on to the More than 40 material samples were chosen for Four materials were chosen locally by each
usable by the broad creative community beyond platform. The platform provides this information the traveling exhibition. Some were displayed partner, giving the tour an anchor to its host.
the days of this project came the idea for creating in a very visual, interactive way and is searchable in their raw material stage, some as industrial
an online platform to map the various actors in the by material, region, and categories like suppliers, swatches. It also included products using an
two sectors – suppliers, manufacturers, designers technology centers, connecting centers, advanced material or produced using advanced
and technology centers. All the partners worked manufacturers and designers. The platform can manufacturing.
to support the idea of populating the platform in be accessed at www.damadei.eu
the early phase of the project. This way, around
3
The DAMADEI platform is a database of connecting centers, technology centers, The DAMADEI exhibition in Barcelona was located at the FAD headquarters and was
research centers, suppliers, designers and manufacturers of advanced materials. open to all visitors to the venue thus reaching a very diverse design audience.
20 21The Pecha Kucha Sessions with advanced materials
at each Symposium resulted in 80 idea cards that
were a part of the exhibition.
section II
European context of the Advanced
Materials sector
22 233 An introduction to 3.1 What are Advanced Materials?
by Dr. Javier Peña, Chemist, Scientific director Materfad Materials Center
Advanced Materials
Materials is a very inclusive term, since it is Active materials present intrinsic or embedded
the basic building block of all physical products. An advanced material is any material that, ‘actuators’ that respond to such stimuli.
Materials are typically broken down into five through the precise control of its composition They present response control and selection
groups: metals, polymers (thermoplastics and and internal structure, features a series of mechanisms, to control the response in a
thermosets), ceramics, glasses and composites. exceptional properties (mechanical, electric, predetermined way. Their response time is short
This delineation offers insights into likely optic, magnetic, etc) or functionalities (self- and the system returns to its original state as soon
applications, since these materials have very repairing, shape change, decontamination, as stimulus ceases. These materials may be used in
different atomic and structural properties leading transformation of energy, etc) that differentiate the design and development of sensors, actuators
to very different properties and suitability for it from the rest of the universe of materials; or and multifunctional products and may even
different applications and purposes. one that, when transformed through advanced configure smart structures and systems that, with
manufacturing techniques, features these a combination of materials, are capable of
The most common ways in which materials are properties or functionalities. self-diagnosing and modifying themselves to
categorized are: by industry (based on the adapt to the conditions that have been set as
requirements of a specific industry), by application optimal or correct for them.
(such as pressure vessels), or by a material
subgroup. In the case of industry, examples of 3.1.1 Active Materials
categories are: medical materials (compatibility Active materials, also called smart, multifunctional
with human body), electronic materials (focus or adaptive materials, are capable of modifying
is on electronic and optical properties), and in a reversible and controllable manner any one
aerospace materials (focus is on low weight of their particular properties whenever external
and characteristics that limit the likelihood physical or chemical stimuli operate on them.
of catastrophic failure).1 These materials have the capacity to change their
colour, shape or viscosity, generate electricity,
Advanced materials can be defined in numerous etc. in response to changes or alterations in the
ways; the broadest definition is to refer to all medium (light, sound, temperature, voltage).
materials that represent advances over the
traditional materials that have been used for The simplest classification of these types of
hundreds or even thousands of years. From this materials is:
perspective advanced materials refer to all new Materials with shape memory
materials and modifications to existing materials - Alloys with shape memory
to obtain superior performance in one or more - Polymers with shape memory
characteristics that are critical for the application - Ceramics with shape memory
under consideration. - Ferromagnetic alloys with shape memory
A more insightful and focused approach to Electro active and magneto active materials
advanced materials is to consider materials that - Electro- and magneto-rheological materials
are early in their product and/or technology life- - Piezoelectric and thermoelectric materials
cycle. In other words, there is significant room - Electro- and magnetostrictive materials
for growth in terms of the improvement of the
performance characteristics (technology lifecycle) Phase-change materials Nitinol springs produced by Euroflex GmBH are
4
and their sales volume (product lifecycle). The available also in many other forms like tubes,
latter definition is what will be focused on here. Photoactive materials wires, sheet metal etc. Credit: Pablo Axpe
- Electroluminescent
A detailed explanation is offered by Dr.Javier Peña - Fluorescent
on the material families chosen for DAMADEI - Phosphorescent They are undoubtedly one of the most interesting
as an industry to demonstrate their size and technological activities within the industry owing
pervasiveness. Chromo active materials to the wide spectrum of disciplines in which they
- Photochromic can be applied, such as: electromagnetic
- Thermochromic protection, conductive fabrics, generation of
- Electrochromic chemical and biological responses and new
mechanical, acoustic, thermal, electrical and
There is currently no consensus on nomenclature, optical properties that are required from these
but there is an agreement on certain criteria or materials in order to be able to meet the possible
traits that they have, whether intrinsically present needs of the population. They represent, the latest
or in an embedded manner, and that they contain generation of mechanisms that blur the boundary
recognition and intensity-measuring sensors of the between material and machine, as it is the material
intensity of stimulus under which the material will itself that exercises activity after a training process
react. (education-teaching): they somehow come a little
closer to the laws of life.
1
See for example: ASM Handbooks, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio.
24 253.1.2 Advanced Composites However it is necessary to limit this concept to processes with composite materials reduces However, there are some new trends in the
Composite materials have traditionally been aspects associated with its structure, manufacture the costs of manufacturing composite material research and development of new composites
defined in many ways, based on different ideas and behavior – the basic aspects that make them structures and has been successfully tackled like new manufacturing techniques of composite
and concepts required for identifying and different from the rest of monolithic or by industries that manufacture large structures materials with inorganic matrixes (metallic and
classifying them. conventional materials. On the basis of these with composites, such as the aeronautics ceramic), make it more economical and
concepts, we can define a composite material industry. Projects such as the Airbus 380 would productive. The separate manufacture of fibers
having one of the following features: not have been possible without the fine-tuning and matrices, which are then combined to obtain
• It is manufactured artificially (thus excluding of manufacturing technologies such as auto- a composite material with a metallic or ceramic
any natural materials such as wood), mixing the mated tape laying (ATL) or fiber positioning (FP). matrix, is not the only technique. Today there are
components in such a way that the dispersion many research centers studying in-situ production
of one material into another may be undertaken • High standards of inspection and testing with of resistant fibers in matrixes as a more viable
in a controlled manner to attain an optimal set new non-destructive testing techniques all manufacturing method for this kind of material.
of properties. pieces manufactured with this type of material,
• It has two or more physically and/or chemically not just at the time of production but also after The development and application of new fibers
different phases or constituent parts, which are certain service cycles, imposed by certain of biological origin, both animal (e.g spider web)
non-inter soluble and appropriately arranged industries such as aeronautics, demands the and vegetable (cellulosic) are another alternative
and separated by a defined inter-phase. development and fine-tuning of more efficient for the production of more resistant materials that
• Its properties are uniquely superior in a specific inspection systems. A new class of composites are also more compatible with the environment.
aspect and cannot be attained by its consti- that is still in the research phase, called smart
tuent components separately. composites, include sensors (for e.g. fiber Incorporation of nano-reinforcements
optics) are capable of detecting the presence for developing nanostructured composite
The development of composite materials is of defects or deformations in the structure and materials. The development of different types
currently conditioned by several challenges monitoring the system’s structural integrity of nanostructures like nanoparticles, nano-films
such as: (Structural Health Monitoring). etc. in recent years has opened up a new field
Lineo’s flax fiber composites mixed with of nano-composites manufacture for developing
coventional material such as carbon or glass • Reduction of manufacturing costs and increase • The need for complete recyclability of composite materials.
fiber improves significantly the damping in the production of the constituent parts of the composites has opened up the need to
properties of the material while ensuring good composite materials. Carbon fibers, is a clear research and develop effective techniques for Their advantage lies in the small size of their
5
mechanical properties. example of high-performance reinforcement recovering, recycling and reusing structures reinforcements (tens of nanometers), and that
Credit: Pablo Axpe. whose penetration in high-consumption sectors manufactured with composite material. means greater effectiveness as it increases its
(for example, automotive) is limited, among Today, the separation and reuse of composites’ specific surface and reduces the effective distance
other reasons, by the high price of the fibers. components (matrixes and reinforcements) between reinforcements. There is immense
is an unsolved topic that requires considerable interest in employing carbon nanotubes, carbon
The Harbin Hafei Airbus Composite Manufacturing • Adaptation of automated manufacturing research effort. nanofibers and graphene, all characterized by
Centre features highly advanced equipment and technologies to other industries, such as the their high mechanical and electrical properties,
technology, including automated-tape-laying, development of new curing techniques outside Airbus applies a full range of materials in its which are superior to carbon fibers by several
autoclave, automated trimming and non- autoclaves or bonding, can expand the spec- aircraft, including optimised metallic alloys, orders of magnitude.
destructive test equipment. trum of use of composite materials in other along with the increasing use of composites.
Source: www.airbus.com fields. Automation of the manufacturing Source: www.airbus.com
26 27Flexible bracelet 3D-printed with PLA by Ultra-Lab. 3D mesh is a laminate product consisting of
www.ultra-lab.net. a fabric side, a thin padding, and a mesh and
Credit: Pablo Axpe. is used as a spacer.
Source: www.made-in-china.com
Shaping technologies, which use pre-shapes to 3.1.4 Advanced Textiles & Fibers
obtain the required geometry such as plastic and
metal injection, PIM, sintering, vacuum casting, In recent years, technical fabrics have undergone
RIM, electroforming, etc. major development and offer many possibilities
for innovation to create high value products by
Subtractive technologies, which obtain the offering new applications.
required geometry by subtracting material from
a larger geometry such as mechanizing, electro- 3D fabrics with a possible application in vehicle
erosion, waterjet cutting, laser cutting, etc. interiors can be manufactured in a wide range of
Additive technologies (AM) which obtain the thickness, hardness, elasticity, with the advantage
geometry by adding material through virtual of being recyclable and can feature characteristics
geometry, without the use of pre-shapes and that are very similar to the polyurethane foam
without subtracting material currently being used.
3.1.3 Advanced Manufacturing
The principal characteristics that distinguish the Until recently this kind of sandwich structure was
Today, the manufacturing processes of parts, manufacturing process of solids through addition achieved by bonding polyurethane foam (PUR)
although assisted by the most advanced controls, of layers of material (AM) from any other industrial to a variety of fabrics for the external layers. The
are still basically conventional: chipping, cold- or manufacturing process, providing them with huge development of 3D fabrics means that obtaining
hot-forming, casting or injection. All of them face competitive advantages are that the geometric these sandwich fabrics is considerably simplified.
limitations such as the impossibility of curved complexity that has to be achieved does not
drilling, collisions of tools with a part of complex increase the cost of the process and customization Currently, non-woven fabrics made by a
geometry, restrictions in mold release angles to does not increase the cost of the process mechanical punching technique or by means of
give just some examples. It is a barrier in the needles are the most widely manufactured ones,
development of high value products with new as they have found many possibilities in the
functionalities. replacement of conventional fabrics. However,
producing nanofiber through electrospinning is
In the last quarter of the 20th century, gaining importance.
technologies like Additive Manufacturing have
emerged, with the advantage of all knowledge Electrospinning is defined as a technique that
developed in the digital era to overcome such allows us to obtain fibers from molten or solution
limitations. We can now manufacture through Basalt fabrics from Basaltex made from basalt polymer with an average diameter in the range
controlled deposition of material, layer by layer, fibre has better physicomechanical properties and of 50 nm to 5 µm. There are studies in which
putting down exclusively where it is needed to is significantly cheaper than carbon fiber. Basalt electrospinning is used that have achieved
achieve the final sought-after geometry instead of roving can be used to make composites. composite nanoparticle materials in nanofibers
stripping the material (mechanization, die-cutting, Credit: Pablo Axpe or coaxial nanofibers. Recently a new method
etc); or shaping with the help of tools and molds www.basaltex.com has been developed to facilitate the production
(casting, injection, folding, etc). of nanofibers called electrospinning based on
polymer solutions or molten polymer.
We can thus classify the manufacturing processes GRAnPH® Nanotech’s graphene oxide provides Read more on Pg. 116
of parts in the following way: superior quality graphene products for high tech
applications, as well as other carbon based
nanostructures and nanocomposites. 3.1.5 Coatings
The 3Doodler is the world’s first 3D printing pen www.granphnanotech.com
6
which is commercially available and has an active Coatings play a prominent role in the materials
user platform. industry at this time. They are capable of
www.the3doodler.com transforming and/or modifying the functionality
of a material through its surface, and in general
with a metric economy that is worthy of note.
Nano-coatings are opening up new applications
that are efficiently acting first-hand on the
functionality of the material and the associated
Fab Clay explores 3D printed architecture in product. In this regard, nano-coatings are
clay. Material samples are made by hacking an solid-liquid coatings comprised of extremely small
industrial CNC Mill with a customized, arduino- particles that possess extraordinary characteristics
controlled deposition head for paste-like materials. such as: high flexibility, easy adherence, resistance
Attached to an industrial robot, the head is used to to corrosion and microbial flora in addition to
7
print full-size architectural columns. providing solutions for improving our
www.fabclay.com environment:
28 29• They save water by dispensing with excess 3.1.6 NanoTechnology batteries, powerful solar panels, applications It acts as a thermal insulator in earthed insulation,
cleaning. in aeronautics, medicine etc. Nanotechnology refrigerators, thermos flasks, coatings for pipes
• They provide protection and greater durability Nanotechnology refers to a comprehensive field is an excellent base for creating new materials, and acoustic soundproofing in civil works and
for materials, preventing their early breakdown, of applied science and technology whose unifying according to specific needs. It is also a source of constructions and has good impact-absorbing
premature oxidation and molecular damage theme is the control of matter at molecular level, inspiration for other two-dimensional materials properties.
caused by harmful living microorganisms such which is smaller than a micrometer, normally on such as fluorographene, a two-dimensional analog
as microbes, bacteria and viruses. scales of 1 to 100 nanometers. It includes the of TeflonTM with extraordinary lubricating and There are currently three crucial lines in the sector:
manufacture of devices on a nano-scale. It is a insulating properties, hexagonal boron nitride, The development of foams from recycled material
For environmental applications we also have highly multidisciplinary field seen across applied a very hard crystalline and transparent insulator and/or the recycling of polymer foams, such as
special products for: physics, material science, colloidal science, the that combined with graphene improves its polyurethane and polystyrene.
physics of devices, supra-molecular chemistry and electromechanical properties, molybdenum The development of metallic foams made from
• Cleaning the air of polluting greenhouse-effect electromechanical engineering. Nanotechnology disulfide, another two-dimensional crystal with aluminum, steel, lead and other metals with
particles. can be considered as an extension of sciences on promising properties for the construction of remarkable characteristics such as high stiffness,
• Accumulating water in the root area of plants, a nano-scale. Two main approaches are used in a new class of transistors or silicene, a version high resistance to compression and much lower
trees and all vegetation, allowing them to make nanotechnology. One of them is bottom-up, of graphene made from silicon that can be easily density than non-foamed metal.
wbetter use of nutrients and of this vital liquid. where materials and devices are built from integrated with current silicon-based electronics. The development of ceramic foams with density
molecular components. control.
Commercial examples of these nano-coatings
are for anti-graffiti, anti-corrosion, fire-resistant, Carbon nanotube was the pioneering material in 3.1.7 Gels & Foams Some of the commonly seen applications are
anti-fungal, anti-friction, anti-grease and oils, this technology and today graphene is the most thermal and acoustic insulation, energy
anti-bacterial, self-cleaning, dry lubricants, researched for applications. Carbon nanotubes absorption systems, filling of metallic structures
self-releasing, polishing, photocatalytic applications. are based on cylindrical nanostructures made or sandwich panels in lightweight structures
from carbon atoms. It is renowned for its unusual and development of ceramic foams with density
resistance and capacity to conduct heat and control.
electricity. Graphene, in turn, is transparent,
flexible, extraordinarily resistant, impermeable,
abundant, economical and conducts electricity 3.1.8 High-Performance Polymers
better than any other known metal. This material
P2i employs a plasma enhanced vapor deposition permits manufacturing of electronic devices with Modification and reinforcement of compostable,
8
process to lower the surface energy of products flexible and transparent screens and ultra-rapid degradable and/or conventional polymers (or a
which renders the surface with unique properties. mixture of them) with bio-fibers and/or nano-
charges can result in materials with very advanced
d3O is a non-newtonian material which can flow properties for innovative applications.
in a stable state but achieves extreme hardness
9
on impact. Credit: Pablo Axpe Traditionally, the use of charges with polymers has
www.d3O.com had the purpose of reducing the product’s cost
and of improving its physical-chemical properties.
Charges are normally small particles, short fibers,
Aerogels are the lightest solid materials known organic or inorganic materials. The main
to man, as most of their structure is hollow. advantages of using organic fibers to reinforce
Their extraordinary porosity gives them a large
surface area, which provides them with unique
characteristics among solid materials. Hemp fiber-filled plasticised PVC which can be used
Their density oscillates between 0.4 g/cm3 and in injection, intrusion and calendering processes,
0.004 g/cm3 (only three times the density of air). made of approximately 30% hemp fibre combined
This is because of their high porosity: more than with other recyclable substances.
95% of their volume is occupied by air, giving rise www.plasticana.com
to a high surface area.
These characteristics give them unique properties
in a solid material, like extremely low thermal
conductivity and sound velocity and high optical
transparency.
They are considered to be the best thermal
insulator, capable of withstanding temperatures
of -50°C and melting at a temperature in excess
of 1648°C. Recognized as the lightest solid in
the world, it has a touch like foam.
30 31You can also read
