Economic Impact Study Hurricanes v Sharks Super 12 Rugby Game - 19 March 2004 Yarrow Stadium, New Plymouth
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Economic Impact Study
Hurricanes v Sharks Super 12 Rugby Game
19 March 2004
Yarrow Stadium, New Plymouth
May 20041. Executive Summary
Venture Taranaki in partnership with the Taranaki Rugby Football Union (TRFU) have undertaken this
research initiative to evaluate the impact the recent Hurricanes v Sharks Super 12 rugby game (the game)
had on the Taranaki economy.
The Hurricanes region encompasses the lower half of New Zealand's North Island from Hicks Bay in the
north to Island Bay in the south. The opposing South African team (Sharks) do not have a large New
Zealand based supportive following; it is assumed this was an influential factor that impacted the number of
out-of-region spectators attending the game.
The total expenditure (in dollars) by event organisers, teams and spectators (within-region and out-of-region)
for the game came to an estimated $830,000. This comprises money that was spent by TRFU, event
organisers, spectators etc. (known as direct expenditure) and flow-on (or subsequent expenditure)
generated throughout the Taranaki economy before, during and after the game. The direct expenditure is
estimated at $560,000, while the flow-on output is estimated at $270,000.
Impact Expenditure Net Household FTE Employment* Value Added
Income (GRP)
Direct $560,000 $120,000 6.80 $240,000
Flow-on $270,000 $40,000 1.44 $110,000
Total $830,000 $160,000 8.23 $350,000
NOTE: impact figures rounded to two significant figures. *Figures do not sum to totals due to rounding
consistency.
Value added, or GRP, measures the total value of output producted within the Taranaki economy as a result
of the game. For example, consider a hotdog sold at the game for $1.60. Of this only $0.20 is added to the
Taranaki economy by the transaction. The remaining $1.40 is attributed to the region where the hotdog was
manufactured, freighted from etc. In this case, the game generated $350,000. The majority of this,
$240,000 was resultant from direct expenditure while $110,000 was from flow-on expenditure.
An equivalent of 8.23 full time jobs were created as a result of money spent by TRFU, event organisers and
spectators etc. In addition an estimated $160,000 of disposable income (i.e. after tax and savings) was
injected into local households in the form of wages/ salaries as a result of the game.
Page 2 of 17Over 300 spectators were surveyed to gain expenditure patterns and thoughts on the game. The greatest
benefit comes from out-of-region spectators as it can be assumed their expenditure may not have occurred
in the region if the game had not been on. A portion of Taranaki spectator expenditure was also included in
analysis as the event may have led them to spend more in the region that they otherwise would have. In
addition to economic information the survey identified a number of other key points, including:
• Saturday at 7.35 pm is the most favored time for future games at Yarrow Stadium.
• The majority of spectators attended the game with family.
• Sponsorship recall for Genesis Energy was high (84.8%) among Taranaki respondents.
• Newspapers and Magazine publications were the most effective form of advertising.
• The majority of respondents reported current ticketing methods are meeting their needs.
• The majority of out-of-region spectators originated from the Wellington and Manawatu-Wanganui
regions.
• Visitors stayed on average 1.74 nights when in Taranaki for the game. Almost half stayed in hotel/
motel accommodation.
Page 3 of 17Contents
1. Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... 2
2. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 5
3. Objectives .................................................................................................................................... 6
4. Expenditure.................................................................................................................................. 6
5. Economic Impact ......................................................................................................................... 7
6. Analysis
6.1 Accommodation...................................................................................................... 8
6.2 Advertising Effectiveness ....................................................................................... 8
6.3 Spectator Group Type ............................................................................................ 9
6.4 Purchasing Tickets ................................................................................................. 9
6.5 Sponsorship ........................................................................................................... 10
6.6 Preferred Time and Day of Future Games ............................................................. 10
6.7 Out-of-Region General Comments on Taranaki ..................................................... 11
7. Demographics
7.1 With-Region Respondents...................................................................................... 12
7.2 Out-of-Region Respondents................................................................................... 12
8. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 13
APPENDIX
A. Glossary ............................................................................................................................... 14
B. Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 14
C. Sources of Bias and Error..................................................................................................... 15
D. Model Review and Sector Descriptions (Dr Warren Hughes, Waikato University)................ 15
Page 4 of 172. Introduction
As Taranaki seeks to attract and retain events to the region, it is becoming more and more desirable to
evaluate the success of initiatives. It is increasingly common to measure the success of events by economic
contribution to the local economy. Venture Taranaki in partnership with the TRFU have undertaken this
research to determine the impact the Hurricanes v Sharks Super 12 game had on the Taranaki economy.
th
An estimated 12,500 people attended the Hurricanes v Sharks Super 12 game held on Friday 19 March at
New Plymouth’s Yarrow Stadium. Of these, 1,288 (10.3%) were estimated to be from outside of the
Taranaki region.
From a database of spectators, provided by TRFU, 572 surveys were distributed to Taranaki (468) and out-
of-region (104) spectators to measure expenditure. Estimates of other expenditure groups (e.g. teams/
management) were provided to Venture Taranaki by the TRFU. The total expenditure by spectators, game
organisers and teams was collated and used as input data into a 114-sector economic impact model of the
Taranaki Region. The information provided in this report summarises the economic impact of the event and
also provides feedback, gained through the spectator survey, to the TRFU on various game/park/ticketing/
demographic issues.
The economic impact of the game on the Taranaki economy is measured across the following variables:
1. Total sales expenditure or output in dollars.
2. Net Household Income (after tax and savings) generated in dollars.
3. Full-time Equivalent Employment (FTE) generated in persons.
4. Value Added, also known as Gross Regional Product (GRP) (salaries, profits and taxes) generated in
dollars.
While Total Expenditure measures the gross dollar impact of the event, economically the best measure is
Value Added (or GRP). Value Added measures the total value of goods and services created within the
Taranaki economy as a result of the game.
In addition to the economic benefits listed above, it is important to recognise the intangible benefits the game
generated for Taranaki that can not economically be measured. Two of the more significant intangible
benefits the Hurricanes v Sharks game generated included the international live broadcast via the Sky
network and the general positive feeling reported by visitors to the region.
Page 5 of 173. Objective
The key objective was to measure the financial economic impact the annual Hurricanes Super 12 game had
on the Taranaki economy.
Sub-objectives include:
• To measure out-of-region spectator expenditure.
• To measure the extra expenditure within Taranaki the game creates (i.e. how much Taranaki
residents spend as a result of the game).
• To identify where out-of-region spectators are coming from.
• To identify how spectators are finding out about the game.
• To measure how many spectators can identify the Taranaki Rugby primary sponsor (Genesis
Energy).
• To find out how people would like to purchase tickets in the future.
• To find out the types of groups attending games.
• To identify the preferred time and day of future games.
• To gain general feedback from out-of-region visitors on their trip to Taranaki.
4. Expenditure
Across the industries an estimated $562,922 was spent by TRFU, event organisers and spectators etc.
Estimates were collected via spectator survey and TRFU. See appendix section B for further information on
survey methodology and data collection methods. The table below details expenditure by industry.
Industry Sector Expenditure
Printing and services to printing $1,850
Electricity transmission $2,000
Non building construction $1,100
Retail trade $107,355
Accommodation $101,042
Bars, clubs, cafes and restaurants $168,669
Road freight transport $600
Road Pax (road passenger transport) $83,582
Communication services $150
Vehicle and equipment hire $560
Technical services $2,275
Advertising and marketing services $3,600
Employment, security and investigative services $10,000
Pest control and cleaning services $2,000
Medical, dental and other health services $350
Other sport and recreational services (tickets) $76,310
Personal and other community services $1,500
Total $562,922
Page 6 of 175. Economic Impact
The expenditure by organisers, teams and spectators (within-region and out-of-region) for the Hurricanes v
Sharks Super 12 game totaled an estimated $830,000. This is money that was spent both at the game and
in preparation for the game. The direct impact is estimated at $560,000, while the flow-on impact is
estimated at $270,000. One example of the difference between direct and flow-on impacts is renting a hotel
room; the direct impact would result from the client hiring the room, while the flow-on impact results from the
hotel purchasing electricity, gas, food and other commodities to supply the client.
Four key economic measures help asses the impact of an event on the region. These include total direct
expenditure (as above), net household income, full time equivalent (FTE) employment and value added
(also known as Gross Regional Product, GRP).
Impact Expenditure Net Household FTE Employment* Value Added
Income (GRP)
Direct $560,000 $120,000 6.80 $240,000
Flow-on $270,000 $40,000 1.44 $110,000
Total $830,000 $160,000 8.23 $350,000
NOTE: impact figures rounded to two significant figures. *Figures do not sum to total due to rounding
consistency.
All together an estimated $830,000 changed hands in Taranaki as a result of the Hurricanes v Sharks Super
12 Game. This expenditure was allocated across the relevant industry sectors and entered into the
economic impact model (see appendix section D for detailed description of the model) to determine
alternative impact measures.
Approximately 8.23 FTE jobs were created as a result of money spent by TRFU, event organisers and
spectators etc. for the Hurricanes v Sharks game in Taranaki. An estimated $160,000 of disposable income
(i.e. after tax and savings) was injected into local households in the form of wages/ salaries as a result of the
game.
Value added, or GRP, measures the value of output producted by the Taranaki economy as a result of the
game. For example, consider a hotdog sold at the game for $1.60. Of this only $0.20 is added to the
Taranaki economy by the transaction. The remaining $1.40 is attributed to the region where the hotdog was
manufactured, freighted from etc. It is estimated that $350,000 in regional output was created in the
Taranaki economy as a result of the game. The majority of this, $240,000 was resultant from direct
expenditure while $110,000 was resultant from flow-on expenditure.
Page 7 of 176. Analysis
6.1 Accommodation
Almost half (46.8%) of out-of-region spectators stayed in hotel/ motel accommodation while visiting Taranaki
for the game. Conversely, 31.9% stayed privately with friends/ family. On average, out-of-region spectators
spent 1.74 nights and $66.70 (per person) on accommodation while visiting the region.
Accommodation Form
25
20
Frequency
15
10
5
0
Hotel/ Motel Privately Hostel Holiday Park
6.2 Advertising Effectiveness
58.9% of Taranaki respondents reported they found out about the game via newspaper/ magazine
publications. Following this, radio and work of mouth mediums were most effective. The ‘other’ mediums
commonly included banners/ billboards around New Plymouth/ Taranaki and Super 12 information (e.g.
calendars).
Advertising Effectiveness
150
100
Frequency
50
0
Newspaper/ Radio Word of Other Internet Flyer
Magizine Mouth
Page 8 of 17The majority (27.7%) of out-of-region respondents also reported they found out about the game through
newspaper/ magazine advertising. Collectively 44.7% found out through word-of-mouth or the internet.
19.1% found game information through other means (generally ‘other’ included super 12 information).
6.3 Spectator Group Types
The majority of Taranaki spectators were family groups. Just less than one quarter of respondents went with
friends while 4.8% went to the game with work colleagues. Comparatively, 57.4% of out-of-region attendees
accompanied family to the game while 36.2% went with friends.
Taranaki Spectator Group Type
200
150
Frequency
100
50
0
Family Friends Work colleagues
NOTE: Respondents that reporting attending the game with friends and family were classified as family
groups. It is assumed that groups of this nature would be representative of family behavior.
6.4 Purchasing Tickets
Overall the response to current ticketing options was positive, with 78.5% of respondents either making no
comment or confirming the options available were satisfactory.
“I made a A number of respondents commented that they did not like the additional booking fee charged for
special trip purchasing tickets through New Zealand Post, as one respondent wrote “New Zealand Post is okay [for
to New purchasing tickets], but no booking fee”. Another issue raised was the inability for individuals to select seats,
Plymouth “I would like to be able to pick my seats from the Post Office”. A number of respondents also requested the
to pick up option of being able to purchase tickets directly from the TRFU with no booking fee.
my tickets”
Of the comments made by respondents, over one-third was with reference to tickets being available through
Service Stations. Some coastal respondents recommended rural business outlets sell tickets (e.g. Taranaki
Farmers) in order to save a trip to town.
Of the out-of-region respondents, over eighty percent either made no comment on how they would like to
purchase tickets in the future, or commented that the current methods were meeting their needs. A number
Page 9 of 17of individuals commented that they preferred the internet option available through Red Tickets. The issues
around the booking fee and seat selection were also raised.
6.5 Sponsorship
The significant majority of Taranaki respondents (84.8%) were able to identify Genesis Energy as the
primary sponsor of Taranaki Rugby. This is a strong response and indicates the effectiveness of marketing
initiatives to date.
Yarrows and TSB Bank were alternative sponsors mentioned by the remainder of Taranaki respondents.
4.8% of respondents were not able to answer the question.
6.6 Preferred Time and Day of Future Games
40.3% of Taranaki respondents indicated Saturday at 7.35 pm was the preferred time of future games.
Saturday at 2.35 pm (25.2%) and Friday at 7.35 pm (23.6%) was also favored by respondents.
Preferred Day and Time of Future Games
Day
Friday Saturday Sunday Total
Time 2.35 pm 0 65 9 74
5.35 pm 3 15 1 19
7.35 pm 61 104 0 165
Total 64 184 10 258
Page 10 of 176.7 Out-of-Region General Comments on Taranaki
“Excellent stadium,
friendly people,
“The stadium GREAT place”
is fantastic,
and with the Overall comments from visitors to the region were very positive. Issues commonly raised were
mountain in the new stadium renovations and the friendliness of the Taranaki people.
the
background
it is A number of respondents commented that additional signs would be beneficial. In particular,
awesome” roading signs indicating state highway three /state highway one and a sign to the CBD area in
New Plymouth. It was also suggested that out-of-town spectators (who pre-purchase tickets)
receive a map of New Plymouth and the stadium facility with their tickets.
Comments in relation to the game were also frequently made by respondents. One international visitor had
this to say “Hosting matches in the provinces is something that NZ does well and something Europe does
badly. I can not recommend enough the importance of the ‘peoples game’ being offered to the people,
including smaller provinces. I extended my stay in Taranaki for almost a week to see the game”.
A number of out-of-region spectators commented that Friday night games made it difficult to attend “Have it
on Saturday night, less time off work and school”.
Ticket prices were also commented on by both national and regional spectators. A
“Tickets
number of respondents suggested offering package deals, “ticket package deal to
were at a
include ticket, accommodation and a meal” and “Make it more family friendly – each
higher cost
child with an adult to receive a game pack (e.g. poster, flag, chips, small drink for
than other
$5.00 on terraces)”.
grounds”
One respondent expressed concern regarding ticket prices and food restrictions in the park “I was told on
arrival I could not take my own food in. I don’t think you can have such high admission costs and not allow
families to take food in. Either lower the price of admission and not food allowed in or vice versa. I think
currently the price is out of a lot of peoples range. It can cost over $100 for a family to watch our Super 12
team – this is why people are watching on TV”.
Page 11 of 177. Demographics
7.1 Within-Region Respondents
40.0% of respondents were male between the age of 40 and 65 years. This is likely to be due to the fact
that respondents were selected from the database based on the order of purchasing tickets, rather than
quota sampling based on demographics. It is also likely to be influenced by the nature of the event, and the
older population base in Taranaki.
‘Professional’ was the most frequent respondent occupation (36.4%), followed by ‘Labourers’ (19.4%) and
‘Farmers’(19.0%).
55.2% of within-region respondents were located in the New Plymouth Urban Area. Stratford and South
Taranaki Districts reported greater rural than urban spectators.
Location of Respondents
Urban or Rural Total
Urban Rural
New Plymouth District 149 49 198
Stratford District 6 12 18
South Taranaki District 17 37 54
Total 172 98 270
7.2 Out-of-Region Respondents
Again, the majority of respondents (34.0%) were males between the age of 40 and 65 years. ‘Professional’
was the most commonly identified occupation type (57.4%) followed by Labour related occupations (19.1%).
Most respondents originated from the Wellington and Manawatu-Wanganui Regions. Combined these
regions account for 85.1% of out-of-region respondents.
Origin of Spectators
25
20
Frequency
15
10
5
0
Au
W
W
So
M
H
N
aw
ot
an
el
ai
ck
ut
lin
ka
in
a
ke
hl
la
w
gt
to
an
N
n
's
at
on
d
Z
d
Ba
u-
W
y
an
ang
ui
Page 12 of 178. Conclusions
• The Hurricanes v Sharks Super 12 game held in Taranaki generated an estimated $830,000 of
expenditure. Of this, $560,000 was direct expenditure and $270,000 resulted from flow-on expenditure.
• An estimated $350,000 was generated in additional output as a result of the game.
• An equivalent of 8.23 full time equivalent jobs were created as a result of money spent by event
organisers and spectators.
• Around $160,000 (after tax and savings) was injected into local households in the form of wages/
salaries as a result of the game.
• Advertising in Newspapers and Magazine publications was the most effective form of advertising the
New Plymouth Hurricanes Super 12 game.
• Most spectators attend the game with family members as opposed to friends or work colleagues.
• Current ticketing methods are meeting the needs of spectators. However, due to the displacement of
the Taranaki population, there may be value in making tickets available through service stations.
• The Taranaki Rugby sponsor (Genesis Energy) was well recognised by over eighty percent of Taranaki
spectators.
• Saturday at 7.35 pm was the most favored time for future games.
• The majority of out-of-region spectators originated from the Wellington and Manawatu-Wanganui
regions.
• Visitors stayed on average 1.74 nights when in Taranaki for the game. Almost half stayed in hotel/
motel accommodation.
• Overall New Plymouth was received very well by out-of-region spectators visiting the region. In
particular, they were impressed with the improved stadium facilities and the friendliness of the Taranaki
people.
Page 13 of 17APPENDIX
A. Glossary
FTE Employment Full-time equivalent employment. A person working 30 or more hours per
week is regarded as a full-time employee by Statistics NZ (1 FTE). Two part-
time workers working up to 30 hours per week equate to one FTE. About 24%
of the NZ workforce works part-time.
Net Household Income Household income from wages and salaries after income tax (PAYE),
superannuation and other saving. This measures the amount of purchasing
power available to Taranaki residents as a result of the game.
Value Added, GDP or GRP GDP or gross domestic product also known as Value Added, is the value of
output produced within NZ by domestic and foreign Business Units. GRP or
gross regional product is the value of output produced regionally, e.g. in the
Taranaki economy. For example, consider a $40,000 utility vehicle to be sold
from a Taranaki dealership of which $10,000 is the dealer’s gross profit margin.
Only $10,000 is added to the Taranaki GRP by this transaction. The other
$30,000 accrues to the region where the utility was made and the freight etc.
cost to out-of-region firms transporting the vehicle to Taranaki.
Input/Output Model A model showing all economic inputs required to produce a given output level
of a good or service. For example, all labour, electricity and other inputs
required to process one tonne of milk solids into dairy products. Some inputs
(e.g. turbine generators) may need to be imported from outside the region or
from overseas. A 114-sector Input/Output Model for the 2003 year was the
basis for estimating the economic impacts reported for the Taranaki economy.
B. Methodology
Data Collection
The contact details (name and postal address) of spectators were provided to Venture Taranaki by TRFU.
The list comprised 5,710 ticket sales1 through Red Tickets either via phone, internet, by visiting a NZ Post
Shop, or a Books & More Store. Of these, 5,154 were from the Taranaki region and 586 (or 10.3%) were
from other areas in New Zealand.
2
572 economic surveys were distributed to spectators (104 to out-of-region and 468 to within-region
spectators). Out-of-region and with-region populations received different survey forms, this is to take into
account the fact that Taranaki based expenditure is different to that of out-of-region spectator expenditure
(i.e. accommodation).
1
Individuals on the list purchased more than one ticket. Only individuals that detailed their name and address were
included on the final selection list.
2
104 individuals purchased the 586 known out-of-region tickets. As this falls below the desired sample size, all
individuals were surveyed.
Page 14 of 17A response rate of 45.2% for out-of-region surveys and 57.7% for within-region surveys was achieved.
Based on a combined spectator population of 12,500, we can be 95% confident to +/- 5.9% that within-
3
region results are representative of the entire population and 95% to +/- 14.0% that out-of-region results are
representative of the entire population.
Data Analysis
Total out of town attendee expenditure was included in analysis while portion of within region expenditure
was included. The proportion included was based on the percentage chance that attendees would have
gone out of the region had the game not been on (i.e. if a respondent reports a 30% change they would
have gone out of the region if the game had not been on, then 30% of that respondents expenditure went
forward to be included in analysis).
C. Sources of Bias and Error
It is virtually impossible to conduct any research without a bias influence of some form. In this case, there
are a number of sources of bias and potential error that interpreters of the report should be aware of.
• Only a sample of those individuals that pre-purchased tickets was surveyed. Spectators that did not
purchase tickets to the game in advance, or did not disclose their contact details when pre-
purchasing tickets were not included on the database selection list. It is assumed that individuals on
the selection list are representative of the entire population.
• Due to the limited number of out-of-region attendees available to be surveyed, we can be confident
results are representative of the entire population to between 81 and 100%.
• Due to the detailed nature of questions asked, estimates and averages reported by respondents may
not be precisely reflective of true expenditure.
• Some attendees will not be willing to participate in the survey.
• It is likely that attendees that had a more significant financial relationship (i.e. stayed a number of
nights in the region) to report are more likely to complete the survey than those with a less significant
relationship to report.
• Although the best strategies were implemented to construct the survey form, the questions asked or
not asked can influence whether a respondent will complete the survey form.
D. Model Review (Dr Warren Hughes, Waikato University Department of Economics)
The model used in this report was constructed from data originating with Statistics NZ over the 1995/96
year. This data was then updated to 2003 productivity levels and prices and calibrated with NZ’s GDP. The
NZ and regional economies were categorised into 114 sectors.
3
This confidence interval is above the desired 10.0%; however is unavoidable due to the limited national level database.
Page 15 of 17The model for the Taranaki Region was used to document four economic impacts:
• Total sales, expenditure or output in dollars.
• Net household income after tax, superannuation and other saving in dollars.
• Value Added for the region in dollars.
• Employment in full-time equivalent persons (FTEs).
Although total sales, expenditure or output best measures the dollar value of total economic activity in a
region, it can be inflated by the value of large imports of products or services (e.g. a turbine for a co-
generation plant) into a region like Taranaki from say Australia or the UK. While such sales figures measure
total transaction value, the Value Added measure quantifies the economic value in dollars created within a
region (or NZ) by the local workforce after allowing for any necessary imports of raw materials and other
goods and services from outside that region (or NZ). This is the measure of the addition to gross regional
product (GRP) and ultimately to NZ’s GDP, and best reflects the true gain to the economy of interest.
Net Household Income is the best measure of available household purchasing power. Strong growth or
impact for this measure signals improved prospects for the Wholesale and Retail Trade sectors, Ancillary
Construction (e.g. house additions or renovations) and similar sectors. In percentage terms, this impact
shows almost the same value as FTE employment. Hence, growth or level of FTE approximates growth or
level of Net Household Income.
A wealthy region or country may show acceptable outcomes for the three dollar measures above but may
lack the industrial capacity to support good job growth in the region. Employment is therefore an important
attribute of regional prosperity and this means economic development within the region is required to expand
opportunities for a regional workforce. Such employment is measured in full-time equivalents (FTEs) since
about 24% of regional workforces are currently part-time employees.
Activities in the 114 Sectors of the Taranaki Economy
1 Other Horticulture 58 Furniture
2 Apple & Pears 59 Other Manufacturing
3 Kiwifruit 60 Electricity Generation
4 Other Fruit 61 Electricity Transmission
5 Mixed Cropping 62 Electricity Supply
6 Sheep & Beef Farming 63 Gas Supply
7 Dairy Farming 64 Water Supply
8 Other Farming 65 Residential Building
9 Services to Agriculture 66 Non-Residential Building
10 Forestry 67 Non-Building Construction
11 Services to Forestry 68 Ancillary Construction Services
12 Logging 69 Wholesale Trade
13 Fishing 70 Retail Trade
14 Coal Mining 71 Accommodation
15 Services to Mining 72 Restaurants, Cafes, Bars & Clubs
16 Other Mining & Quarrying 73 Road Freight
Page 16 of 1717 Oil & Gas Extraction 74 Road Passenger
18 Oil & Gas Exploration 75 Water & Rail Services
19 Meat Processing 76 Air Services, Transport & Storage
20 Poultry Processing 77 Communication Services
21 Bacon Ham & Smallgoods 78 Finance & Superannuation
22 Dairy Manufacturing 79 Insurance
23 Fruit & Veg, Oil & Cereal Processing 80 Services to Finance & Insurance
24 Bakery & Confectionary 81 Property Services
25 Seafood Processing 82 Owner Occupied Housing
26 Other Food Manufacturing 83 Vehicle & Equipment Hiring
27 Soft Drink, Cordial, Water 84 Scientific Research
28 Beer, Wine & Tobacco 85 Technical Services
29 Textile Manufacturing 86 Computer Services
30 Clothing Manufacturing 87 Legal Services
31 Footwear 88 Accounting Services
32 Other Leather Products 89 Advertising & Marketing Services
33 Sawmilling & Timber Dressing 90 Business, Admin. & Mngt. Services
34 Other Wood Products 91 Employment & Security Services
35 Paper & Paper Products 92 Pest & Cleaning Services
36 Printing & Services 93 Other Business Services
37 Publishing & Recorded Media 94 Central Government
38 Petroleum Refining 95 Defence
39 Petroleum & Coal Products 96 Fire & Police
40 Fertilisers 97 Local Government
41 Other Industrial Chemicals 98 Pre-School Education
42 Medicinal, Detergents & Cosmetics 99 Primary & Secondary Education
43 Other Chemical Products 100 Post School Education
44 Rubber Manufacturing 101 Other Education
45 Plastic Products 102 Hospitals
46 Glass & Ceramics 103 Medical & Dental
47 Other Non-metallic, Mineral Products 104 Veterinary Services
48 Basic Metal Manufacturing 105 Child Care
49 Structural, Sheet & Fab Metal Prod 106 Aged Accommodation
50 Motor Vehicles 107 Other Community Services
51 Ship Building 108 Movies, Radio & TV
52 Other Transport Equipment 109 Libraries, Museums & Arts
53 Photographic & Scientific Equipment 110 Horse & Dog Racing
54 Electrical & Appliance Manufacturing 111 Gaming
55 Agricultural Equipment 112 Other Sport & Recreation
56 Other Industrial Machinery 113 Personal & Community Services
57 Prefabricated Buildings 114 Waste, Sewer & Drainage
Page 17 of 17You can also read
