Effect of Lumbar Core Muscle Stability Exercises on Cardiovascular Parameters of Young Adults- A Cross Sectional Study
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International Journal of Health Sciences and Research
Vol.10; Issue: 5; May 2020
Website: www.ijhsr.org
Original Research Article ISSN: 2249-9571
Effect of Lumbar Core Muscle Stability Exercises on
Cardiovascular Parameters of Young Adults- A
Cross Sectional Study
Pranali Ravindra Gaikwad1, Reshma Dhiraj Shete2, Abhijit Diwate3
1
Intern, DVVPF’S College of Physiotherapy.
2
Assistant Professor, 3Professor and HOD,
Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, DVVPF’S College of Physiotherapy, Ahmednagar.
Corresponding Author: Pranali Ravindra Gaikwad
ABSTRACT
Background: Low back pain is experienced in 60%-80% of young adults at some point of their
lifetime, affecting the daily activities of many people. Various cardiovascular changes occur during
exercise- it meets the increased demand placed on the system and carries out its function with
maximal efficiency. So the purpose of the study to find out effect of lumbar core muscle stability
exercises on cardiovascular parameters in young adults.
Aim: To find out effect of lumbar core muscle stability exercises on cardiovascular parameters in
young adults.
Method: Total 40 patients of age 20-30 were included in the study. Two groups were made. Group A
with normal healthy young adults and Group B with Postural Low Back Pain. Baseline parameters
like HR, RR, BP were noted as L1. Participants were asked to draw the belly inwards and hold for 10
seconds with 10 repetitions. After exercise baseline parameters were noted as L2.
Results: Paired t-test was used to compare in the groups and unpaired t-test was used to compare in
between the two groups. There was significant increase in the cardiovascular parameters of both the
groups.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the lumbar core muscle stability exercises exert significant
effects on the cardiovascular parameters of healthy young adults as well as young adults with postural
low back pain.
Key words: Postural low back pain, Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure.
INTRODUCTION isometric exercises the cardiovascular
The ability of cardiovascular system response are largely proportionate to the
is impressive in responding immediately to tension exerted relative to the greatest
the body’s many and ever -changing needs. possible tension in the muscle group rather
Numerous cardiovascular changes occur than absolute tension developed. [9]
during exercise, all share a common goal- The use of pressure biofeedback unit
they allow system to meet the increased during abdominal exercises is beneficial for
demand placed on it and carry out its the maintenance of constant pressure under
function with maximal efficiency. [1] external loads. [4]
Cardiovascular response to exercise depends Back pain is one of the most
on muscle mass involved and the intensity common problems of the musculoskeletal
of the exercise. [2] The circulatory responses system, affecting the daily activities of
to static exercise differ considerably from many people. Approximately 50-90% of the
the response to dynamic exercise. [6] In entire population experience back pain once
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (www.ijhsr.org) 45
Vol.10; Issue: 5; May 2020Pranali Ravindra Gaikwad et.al. Effect of lumbar core muscle stability exercises on cardiovascular parameters
of young adults- a cross sectional study
in their lifetime. [4] Low back pain has MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY
recurrence rates up to 90%. Clinical The study was conducted in
observation suggests that aberrations of physiotherapy OPD of Vikhe Patil
posture may play a role in the development Memorial Hospital in Ahmednagar. It was a
of low back pain [5] awkward posture for cross-sectional study.40 samples between
longer time and repetitive banding and the age of 20-30 years, with or without
lifting activities develops stress on the spine postural low back pain, within normal BMI
and disproportionate loading forces on the (18.5-24.9) of both genders. Patients with
spine. [7] Changes in the alignment of the degenerative spine, internal fixations of
body parts with respect to the center of spine, cardio respiratory disease and
gravity may change between sitting and neurological involvement were excluded.
standing, and with the use of different
chairs. [5] Procedure:
Postural low back pain is common in A cross sectional study was
young adults. In this condition patient conducted at Physiotherapy OPD of
complain of pain because they are VikhePatil Memorial Hospital. A total of 40
mechanically deforming their spinal soft subjects of age 20–30 years with and
tissue due to sustaining end-range posture without postural low back pain were
and position. Abnormal position of spine included in the study. Informed written
leads to pain; it is usually localized, has consent was taken from each patient. Two
gradual onset, gets worse in static position, groups A and B were made. Group A
and lacks deformity and deviation. [3] included 20 normal young adults and group
Failure in the muscles protective B included 20 subjects with postural low
function may cause excessive loading and back pain. Subjects with postural low back
damage to the pain sensitive structures due pain were evaluated. Numerical Pain Rating
to poor muscle endurance of the trunk. This Score was noted down. Baseline parameters
leads to the strain of its passive structures, such as blood pressure, heart rate,
early muscle fatigue and inability to rightly respiratory rate of subjects in both the
respond to the demands of unexpected groups were recorded as L1. The outcome
loads. The younger generation is more measures used were blood pressure, heart
obsessed with sedentary entertainment and rate, and respiratory rate. The patients were
spending hours with high- tech gadgets such asked to maintain hook-lying position (with
as computers, cell phone, pure audio design knees 70º–90º bent and feet resting on the
along it’s prolonged sitting in class. [8] mat). A pressure bio-feedback unit
Low back pain is treated by giving (Stabilizer; Encore Medical) was placed
exercises such as stretching, posture horizontally under the lower back region of
correction, heating modality, lumbar the participants and was inflated to 40 mm
stabilization exercises, lumbar strengthening Hg. The subjects were instructed to breathe
exercises and core muscle stability in, breathe out, and gently draw the belly
exercises. [2] button in toward the spine to hollow out the
Deep core muscles provide dynamic abdominal region. They were asked to hold
support to individual segments in the spine, 10 repetitions for 10 seconds were
they are transversus abdominis, multifidus, performed. After exercise, parameters
and quadratus lumborum. [1] So the main (blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate)
purpose of the study is to evaluate the were measured again and recorded as L2 in
cardiovascular parameters in lumbar core both the groups. The difference between L1
muscle stability exercise in young adult. and L2 will be noted of each group. After
that the difference between L1 of group A
and group B, and difference between L2 of
group A and group B were noted.
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (www.ijhsr.org) 46
Vol.10; Issue: 5; May 2020Pranali Ravindra Gaikwad et.al. Effect of lumbar core muscle stability exercises on cardiovascular parameters
of young adults- a cross sectional study
whereas the post HR shows hike in group B.
Statistical Analysis: Paired T test was used Table 4.2 shows the pre-pre and post-post
to compare pre and post exercise exercise Respiratory Rate parameter mean
cardiovascular parameters within the group. Group A and Group B which indicate the
Unpaired T test was used to compare rise in the RR of group B in both pre and
cardiovascular parameter between the two post exercise parameters. Table 4.3 shows
groups. SPSS software was used 20.0. the pre-pre and post-post exercise Systolic
BP mean Group A and Group B. it indicates
RESULTS that the systolic BP of pre and post of Group
Table 1 showed the mean age of B falls as compared to Group A. Table 4.4
both the groups and the mean NPRS score shows the pre-pre and post-post exercise
of group B. Table 2 shows that there is Diastolic BP mean Group A and Group B
increase in the HR, RR and BP of Group A and indicates that there is decrease in the
with the p value ofPranali Ravindra Gaikwad et.al. Effect of lumbar core muscle stability exercises on cardiovascular parameters
of young adults- a cross sectional study
vessels into the heart and lungs to increase The present study shows that there is
in cardiac output, leading to increase in the significant difference in the pre and post
arterial pressure during exercise. The cardiovascular parameters after isometric
systolic pressure significantly increases but exercise (drawing in maneuver) in healthy
the diastolic pressure does not show much young adults and the young adults with
difference. The slight difference in diastolic postural low back pain. But there is no
blood pressure is primarily due to difference seen in the parameters in between
vasodilation of the arteries from the exercise both the groups.
bout.
Lellamo et al. evaluated the CONCLUSION
autonomic control of HR in young subjects The study concludes that the lumbar
through the analysis of rate domain during 4 core muscle stability exercises exert
minutes of isometric contractions of knee significant effects on the cardiovascular
extension. The authors observed a reduction parameters of healthy young adults as well
on vagal modulation and an increase on as young adults with postural low back pain.
cardiac sympathetic modulation, which i.e. they give similar responses to lumbar
suggests the participation of the sympathetic core muscle stability exercises.
component on HR regulation during low
intensity and long duration exercise. Clinical Implications
Efferent sympathetic fibers increase Thus it implies that the lumbar core
heart rate and myocardial contractility and stability exercises produces significant
dilate coronary arteries. Researcher studied effect on cardiovascular parameters of both
heart rate response to isometric exercise. the normal and young adults with postural
Twelve subjects were used to determine the low back pain, so it should be given with the
effect of the isotonic and isometric exercise caution in patients with cardiac problems.
on heart rate using a military press in sitting
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of young adults- a cross sectional study
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