CHRIS LASZCZ-DAVIS, MS, CIH - Exposure Limit Setting Processes: The Changing Landscape, The International Challenge
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Exposure Limit Setting Processes:
The Changing Landscape,
The International Challenge
CHRIS LASZCZ-DAVIS, MS, CIH
T H E E N V I R O N M E N TA L Q U A L I T Y O R G A N I Z AT I O N , L L C
L A FAY E T T E , C A
CIHC CONFERENCE
SAN DIEGO, CA
DECEMBER 3, 2012
CIHC 2012
Overview
Historical Overview—Evolution, Processes and Tools
Current Approaches in OEL Setting
Global Challenges
Changing Landscape
Future Opportunities
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, Wales
Evolution of OEL Processes
Worldwide OELs
Europe
United States
China
India
Latin America
Exposure Limit Setting Processes
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, Wales
European OEL Processes
1883 First attempts at OEL development in Germany
on CO, NH3, HCl, etc.
1938 (Germany), list of OELs (MAK-Werte) proposed,
not accepted. The MAK Kommission first list in 1956.
1930s Russia published first MAC list of 30 OELs.
Later, several European countries created their own
Committees to develop OELs—Sweden; Netherlands;
UK; France. Often, ACGIH TLVs served as basis for
their exposure standards and laws.
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, Wales
European OEL Processes
1980s Control Banding concept first proposed.
1988 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Regulations (COSHH)
1991 First set of (27) Indicative Limit Values proposed.
1995 European SCOEL (Scientific Committee on
Occupational Exposure Limits) established.
1998 Social Partner Advisory Committee for Safety,
Hygiene and Health at Work (ACSHH) was formed.
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, Wales
European OEL Processes
SCOEL recommendations reviewed with Social
Partner Advisory Committee, made publicly
available for comment and, once finalized, issued
by the European Commission.
2000 Global Harmonized System (GHS) for
chemical labeling introduced into EU.
2007 Regulation on Registration Evaluation &
Control of Chemicals (REACh), with prescribed
DNELs often Lower than traditional OELs and
including full cycle EHS risks.
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesUnited States Environment
OEL Setting Within 8 Frameworks
1927 Walsh Healey Act
1946 ACGIH
1971 OSHA
1971 NIOSH
1984 AIHA
EPA New Chemical Exposure Limits (TSCA)
State Level Efforts, More Restrictive
Manufacturers
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesChina’s OEL Development
Great Wall
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesChina’s OEL Process
1950s, Republic of China published first
exposure standards.
1990s, Emphasis on Occupational Disease
Prevention
Today, 339 Conservative Compulsory OELs
Today, Health is Primary Consideration
Today, Strive for Economic & Technological
Feasibility
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesComparison: China’s OELs, TLVs and WELs
Hazardous China’s OEL ACGIH TLV TWA UK OEL
Agents PC-TWA (mg/m3) (mg/m3) TWA (mg/m3)
Methanol 25 262 266
Lead 0.03 0.05 0.15
n-Hexane 100 176 72
Dimethylformamide 20 29.9 15
10%≤free 0.7
SiO2≤50%
Crystalline Silica/ 50%＜free 0.3
Quartz SiO2≤80% 0.025 0.1
(respirable)
free SiO2＞80% 0.2
Noise (8hr per day) 85dbA 85dbA 85dbA
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesDemocratic Republic of India
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesIndia’s OEL Processes
Safety Focus and Huge Unorganized Workforce
Lack of Occupational Disease Data
Meager Spending on Public Health
No Coherent National Policy
1948 Factories Act, Permissible Limits of
Exposure of Chemical and Toxic Substance
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesIndia’s Permissible Limits of Exposure
Substance (mg/m3) ACGIH UK OEL INDIA
Asbestos 0.1 f/cc 0.1 f/cc 2 f/cc
Benzene 1.6 3.25 30
Beryllium 0.002 0.002 0.002
Carbon Monoxide 28 35 55
Hexavalent Cr (Sol) 0.05 0.05 0.50
Hexavalent Cr (Insol) 0.01
Manganese fume 0.2 0.5 1.0
Total Dust 10 10 10
Vinyl Chloride 2.5 7.8 10
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesLatin America Overview
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesLatin America General Information
Official Language: Spanish and Portuguese most
spoken
Number of Countries: 43
Social Inequality is a major roadblock.
25% of the population lives with less than $2 / day.
Brazil leading country,
followed by Mexico, Argentina and Colombia
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesLatin American Countries
COUNTRY EXPOSURE LIMITS DATE
BRAZIL ACGIH 1976
ARGENTINA ACGIH ACTUAL
CHILE ACGIH ACTUAL
COLOMBIA ACGIH ACTUAL
MEXICO ACGIH ACTUAL
VENEZUELA ACGIH 2001 (Under review)
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesDerivation of DNELs: 1,1,1 Trichloroethane
Source: Alison Searl, PhD, Director of Analytical Services, IOM Consulting, Some Current Approaches
to OEL Setting in the EU, BOHS, Occupational Hygiene Conference, Thistle Hotel, Bristol, 2008.
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesSummary--Global Challenges
Number of Chemicals in Commerce
OELs—Little Understanding
Today’s Emphasis—Full Cycle EHS Risks
Not all Value OELs
Data—Shortage, Quality & Reliability
Resources and Expertise
REACh—New Rules and New Levels
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesChanging Landscape—What’s New?
International Commerce
Varying Global Risk Determination
Processes and Limits
Shortage of Scientific Data & Resources
Electronics and Leveraging
Banding--A Worthy Ally?
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis BOHS 2012
Cardiff, WalesQuantitative
Health Based Hierarchy of OELs
OELs
As more toxicological and
Health Based OELs epidemiological data becomes
Most Extensive Data Requirements • Regulatory, Authoritative available, we move up the
(human epidemiology studies) •Traditional hierarchy of OELs.
> quality, > certainty
(TLVs, MAKs, WEELs, PELs, MACs,
RELs)
Working Provisional OELs
(internal company, trade association,
Moderate Data Requirements vendor limits)
(in vitro and animal studies and anecdotal
reports of human health effects)
> quality, > certainty
Prescriptive Process Based OELs
(REACH DNELs/DMELs)
Least Data
Requirements
(in vitro and animal studies) Hazard Banding Strategies
• Pharmaceutical banding
• Occupational exposure banding
Control Banding = Hazard Bands + Exposure Risk Assessment + Exposure Measurement
CIHC 2012, C. Laszcz-Davis
Task force: M. Guillemin, D. Heidel, M. Jayjock, C. Laszcz- Davis, P. Logan, A. Maier, J. Mulhausen, K. Niven, D. O’Malley, J. Perkins, S. Ripple 11.08.12You can also read
