GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT REVIEW 2020
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GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT REVIEW 2020
RBC Global Asset Management Robeco
RBC Global Asset Management is a provider of global investment Robeco is a pure-play international asset manager founded in 1929
management services and solutions to institutional, high-net-worth with headquarters in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and 17 offices
and individual investors through separate accounts, pooled funds, worldwide. A global leader in sustainable investing since 1995, its
mutual funds, hedge funds, exchange traded funds and specialty unique integration of sustainable as well as fundamental and quan-
strategies. titative research enables the company to offer institutional and pri-
vate investors an extensive selection of active investment strategies,
We believe that being an active and responsible owner empow- for a broad range of asset classes. Robeco is a subsidiary of ORIX
ers us to enhance the long-term, sustainable performance of our Corporation Europe N.V.
portfolios.
More information is available at www.robeco.com.
For more information visit www.rbcgam.com/ri.
MEMBERS OF THE GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT ALLIANCE INCLUDE:
CONTACT US
gsia-alliance.org @GlobalSIF Global Sustainable Investment Alliance
© Global Sustainable Investment Alliance 2021
2 GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT ALLIANCE
Contents
FOREWORD 4 FIGURES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 FIGURE 1Snapshot of global sustainable investing assets,
2016-2018-2020 (USD billions) 9
A NOTE ON METHODOLOGY 6
FIGURE 2 Snapshot of global assets under management
2016-2018-2020 (USD billions) 9
DEFINING SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT 7
FIGURE 3 Growth of sustainable investing assets by region
GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENTS 2018-2020 9 in local currency 2014-2020 10
Growth and proportion of global sustainable investment 9 FIGURE 4 Proportion of sustainable investing assets
Sustainable investment strategies 10 relative to total managed assets 2014-2020 10
Market developments and characteristics 12
FIGURE 5 Proportion of global sustainable investing assets
by region 2020 10
REGIONAL HIGHLIGHTS 15
Europe 15 FIGURE 6 Sustainable investing assets by strategy & region 2020 11
United States 16 FIGURE 7 Global growth of sustainable investing strategies 2016-2020 11
Canada 18
FIGURE 8 Regional shares, by asset weight, in global use of
Australia and New Zealand 19 sustainable investing strategies 2020 12
Japan 20
FIGURE 9 Global shares of institutional and retail
ADDITIONAL REGIONAL HIGHLIGHTS 22 sustainable investing assets 2016-2020 13
United Kingdom
22
China 23
Latin America 24
South Africa, Nigeria and Kenya 24
Additional Asia market insights 25
APPENDIX 1 - METHODOLOGY AND DATA 28
Europe 28
United States 28
Japan 29
Canada 29
Australia & New Zealand 29
APPENDIX 2 - DATA TABLE 30
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 31
GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT REVIEW 2020 3
Foreword
The Global Sustainable Investment Alliance (GSIA) is an interna- Increasingly, there are expectations that sustainable investment is
tional collaboration of membership-based sustainable investment defined not just by the strategies involved, but by the short- and
organisations around the world. Our mission is to deepen the im- long-term impacts that investors are having from their sustainable
pact and visibility of sustainable investment organisations at the investment approach.
global level. Our vision is a world where sustainable investment
is integrated into financial systems and the investment chain and The global network of sustainable investment organisations that
where all regions of the world have coverage by vigorous member- make up the GSIA all work in their individual markets to progress
ship-based institutions that represent and advance the sustainable this transition, ensuring sustainable investment is delivered in
investment community. a manner aligned with best practice standards, driving positive
change in corporate policies and performance and ultimately, align-
This year’s Global Sustainable Investment Review 2020 (GSIR) is ing with a more sustainable future.
the fifth in our series of biennial reports mapping the state of sus-
tainable investment1 in the major financial markets globally. We would like to thank the many sponsors – listed in the acknowl-
edgements section – of the regional research reports used to pre-
The report again demonstrates that sustainable investment is a major pare the Global Sustainable Investment Review 2020, and other
force shaping global capital markets, and, in turn is influencing com- contributing organisations who provided regional insights.
panies and others seeking to raise capital in those global markets.
In particular, we would like to thank RBC Global Asset Management
This report brings together regional data from across the United and Robeco for the support for this global report. Without the sup-
States, Canada, Japan, Australasia and Europe. Together, sustaina- port of these sponsors, this research and the report would not have
ble investment in these markets has reached USD35.3 trillion in as- been possible.
sets under management (AUM), having grown by 15% in two years.
The report also includes additional market insights from the Unit- Sincerely
ed Kingdom, China, and across Latin America, Africa and Asia, to
form a global picture of the sustainable investment industry. The
report compiles the most comprehensive data from across regional
surveys, analysis and other available data, from both primary and
Masaru Arai, Chair, Victor Van Hoorn,
secondary sources. Japan Sustainable Executive Director, Eurosif -
Investment Forum The European Sustainable
But beyond these top line results, this year’s report highlights an Investment Forum
industry that is in transition, with rapid developments across re-
gions that are resetting expectations of sustainable investment,
with an emphasis on moving the industry towards best standards
of practice. Dustyn Lanz, CEO,
Responsible Investment Lisa Woll, CEO,
Association Canada US SIF: The Forum for
This is playing out in various ways in different markets, including
Sustainable and Responsible
tightening regulatory frameworks and industry standards, and con- Investment and the US SIF
sumer expectations rising. For example, the European Union Sus- Foundation
tainable Finance Action Plan has set new definitions for sustainable
and responsible investment embedded in legislation. This has re- Simon O’Connor, CEO,
shaped the way sustainable investment is defined in Europe, which Responsible Investment
is reflected in the report by a new source of data that starts to align Association Australasia
with these new definitions.2
Concurrent to this transition is a global acceleration of an inter-
1 In this report, consistent with previous reports, ‘sustainable investment’ refers to a broad and inclusive definition
national sustainability agenda driven by international agreements of approaches to investment that include environmental, social and governance factors in portfolio selection and
such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Sustainable management across the seven strategies of sustainable or responsible investment as set out in this report. GSIA uses
this inclusive definition recognising there are distinctions and regional variations in its meaning and use, and related
Development Goals, both of which are calling out the important role or interchangeable terms such as responsible investment and socially responsible investment.
2 Some of the definitions contained in the EU Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) are subject to different
of finance.
interpretation and additional regulatory guidance is expected. As a result, the data used is starting to align with the
new settings.
4 GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT ALLIANCE
Executive summary
This 2020 Global Sustainable Investment Review (GSIR) is the fifth This report maps out these global and regional distinctions in the
in a series of biennial reports. It maps the state of sustainable and evolution of sustainable investment, articulated in both the data
responsible investment of major financial markets globally, report- presented, but also in the regional narrative summaries.
ing on data as at the beginning of 20203.
This report includes additional market insights from China, Latin
This report shows the continuing prevalence of sustainable invest- America, Africa, the United Kingdom and other areas of Asia, all
ment across the global investment industry, with assets under man- showing unique markets for sustainable investment.
agement reaching USD35.3 trillion, a growth of 15% in two years,
and in total equating to 36% of all professionally managed assets Key findings in this year’s report include:
across regions covered in this report.
▶ At the start of 2020, global sustainable investment reached
This report outlines the state of the sustainable investment industry USD35.3 trillion in five major markets, a 15% increase in
based on the globally recognised sustainable investing definitions, the past two years (2018-2020).
as used globally and developed by the GSIA members. These defi- ▶ Sustainable investment assets under management make
nitions were revised in October 2020 to reflect the most up-to-date up a total of 35.9% of total assets under management,
practice and thinking in the global sustainable investment industry. up from 33.4% in 2018.
▶ Sustainable investment assets are continuing to grow
‘Sustainable investment’4, as referred to in this report, is a term that in most regions, with Canada experiencing the largest
is inclusive of investment approaches that consider environmen- increase in absolute terms over the past two years (48%
tal, social and governance (ESG) factors in portfolio selection and growth), followed by the United States (42% growth),
management across seven strategies of sustainable or responsible Japan (34% growth) and Australasia (25% growth) from
investment (as detailed in the ‘Defining Sustainable Investment’ 2018 to 2020. Europe reported a 13% decline in the growth
section). For the purpose of articulating our shared sustainable in- of sustainable investment assets in 2018 to 2020 due
vestment work in the broadest way, GSIA uses this inclusive defi- to a changed measurement methodology from which
nition, recognising there are distinctions and regional variations in European data is drawn for this year’s report. This reflects
its meaning and use, and related or interchangeable terms such as a period of transition associated with revised definitions of
responsible investing and socially responsible investing. sustainable investment that have become embedded into
legislation in the European Union as part of the European
This report shows that beyond the top line growth in sustaina- Sustainable Finance Action Plan.
ble investment assets, this is an industry that is in transition, with ▶ Canada is now the market with the highest proportion of
rapid developments across regions that are reshaping sustainable sustainable investment assets at 62%, followed by Europe
investment to increasingly focus on moving the industry towards (42%), Australasia (38%), the United States (33%) and
best standards of practice. Increasingly, there are expectations that Japan (24%).
sustainable investment is defined not just by the strategies involved, ▶ The United States and Europe continue to represent more
but by the short- and long-term impacts that investors are having than 80% of global sustainable investing assets during
from their sustainable investment approach. 2018 to 2020.
▶ The most common sustainable investment strategy is ESG
This transition is playing out differently in different regions, and this integration, followed by negative screening, corporate
report includes a regional highlights section that provides deep in- engagement and shareholder action, norms-based
sights into the different paths that various regions are now taking screening and sustainability-themed investment.
and the distinct drivers behind these changes.
This transition is leading to variations in the scale and growth of
sustainable investment in different regions. In this 2021 report, many
regions continue to see strong growth in sustainable investment as-
sets under management – most notably Canada, the United States
and Japan. Other regions are slowing down their rate of growth or
have seen a reported reversal – in particular Europe and Australasia.
In both cases, this is largely due to changes in how sustainable in- 3 All 2020 assets are reported as at 31 December 2019, except for Japan which reports as at 31 March 2020.
4 ‘Sustainable investment’ as used in this report is different from the European regulatory definition of ‘sustainable
vestment is defined, either by law as in the case of the EU or by new
investment’ enshrined in the EU SFDR regulation. This report is not claiming that all funds and strategies covered by the
industry standards as is the case in Australasia. data would meet the EU regulatory definition.
GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT REVIEW 2020 5
A note on methodology
This report provides a snapshot of sustainable investing across Eu- All 2020 assets are reported as of 31 December 2019, except for
rope, the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia and New Zealand Japan which reports as of 31 March 2020. For figures which are not
(Australasia) based on the regional and national reports from GSIA displayed in the region’s local currency, currencies have been con-
members or in the case of Europe, from secondary industry data. verted to US dollars at the exchange rate prevailing on 31 December
2019, (or 31 March 2020 in the case of Japan) for comparability.
GSIA members are the US SIF: The Forum for Sustainable and
Responsible Investment (US SIF), Japan Sustainable Investment Refer to Appendix 1 for further information on the methodology and
Forum (JSIF), the Responsible Investment Association Canada (RIA data used in this report. Refer to Appendix 2 for a table of assets in
Canada) and the Responsible Investment Association Australasia each region in its local currency in 2018 and 2020, and the percent-
(RIAA). Reference to ‘global data’ or ‘regions’ in this section refers to age growth for both the regional and global strategy totals over this
data from these regions unless otherwise specified. period.
Assets presented in this report have been converted to US dollars.
Each region or country covered by this report uses a different meth-
od to collect data for its respective report. The consolidation in this
report is made on a best effort basis, based on best available region-
al data. Note in particular, that Europe and Australasia have enacted
significant changes in the way sustainable investment is defined in
these regions, so direct comparisons between regions and with pre-
vious versions of this report are not easily made.
Detailed information on the policy, regulatory, industry, customer
and market drivers across global regions has been provided by the
regional sustainable investment organisations.
6 GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT ALLIANCE
Defining sustainable investment
Sustainable investment is an investment approach that considers The GSIA articulation of sustainable investment strategies were in-
environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors in portfolio se- itially published in the 2012 Global Sustainable Investment Review
lection and management. For the purpose of this global report and and have emerged as a global standard of classification. These defi-
for articulating our shared work in the broadest way, GSIA uses an nitions were revised in October 2020 to reflect the most up-to-date
inclusive definition of sustainable investing which is presented in the practice and thinking in the global sustainable investment industry.
strategies in the table below. The term sustainable investment may The seven core approaches to sustainable investment and their re-
be used interchangeably with responsible investment and social- lated definitions are:
ly responsible investment, among other terms, whilst recognising
there are distinctions and regional variations in its meaning and use.
In most regions, like Europe and Australasia, it is increasingly the
case that the same investment product or strategy will combine sev-
eral sustainable investment strategies, such as negative/exclusion-
ary screening, ESG integration and corporate engagement.
ESG integration The systematic and explicit inclusion by investment managers of environmental, social and governance factors into
financial analysis.
Corporate engagement & shareholder action Employing shareholder power to influence corporate behaviour, including through direct corporate engagement (i.e.,
communicating with senior management and/or boards of companies), filing or co-filing shareholder proposals, and
proxy voting that is guided by comprehensive ESG guidelines.
Norms-based screening Screening of investments against minimum standards of business or issuer practice based on international norms such
as those issued by the UN, ILO, OECD and NGOs (e.g. Transparency International).
Negative/exclusionary screening The exclusion from a fund or portfolio of certain sectors, companies, countries or other issuers based on activities
considered not investable.
Exclusion criteria (based on norms and values) can refer, for example, to product categories (e.g., weapons, tobacco),
company practices (e.g., animal testing, violation of human rights, corruption) or controversies.
Best-in-class/positive screening Investment in sectors, companies or projects selected for positive ESG performance relative to industry peers, and that
achieve a rating above a defined threshold.
Sustainability themed/thematic investing Investing in themes or assets specifically contributing to sustainable solutions - environmental and social -
(e.g., sustainable agriculture, green buildings, lower carbon tilted portfolio, gender equity, diversity).
Impact investing and community investing Impact investing
Investing to achieve positive, social and environmental impacts - requires measuring and reporting against these impacts,
demonstrating the intentionality of investor and underlying asset/investee, and demonstrating the investor contribution.
Community investing
Where capital is specifically directed to traditionally underserved individuals or communities, as well as financing that is
provided to businesses with a clear social or environmental purpose. Some community investing is impact investing, but
community investing is broader and considers other forms of investing and targeted lending activities.
GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT REVIEW 2020 7
Global sustainable investments 2018-2020
GROWTH AND PROPORTION OF GLOBAL As shown in Figure 3, the largest increase over the past two years
SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT was in Canada, where sustainably managed assets grew over 48%.
The United States closely followed Canada with a growth of 42%,
Growth of global sustainable investing assets followed by Japan at 34% from 2018 to 2020.
At the start of 2020, global sustainable investment reached USD35.3 In Australasia, sustainable assets continued to rise, but at a slow-
trillion in the five major markets covered in this report, a 15% in- er pace than between 2016 and 2018 with a growth of 25% from
crease in the past two years (2018-2020) and 55% increase in the 2018 to 2020 compared with 46% from 2016 to 2018. This slow down
past four years (2016-2020). reflects an industry transition whereby industry standards on what
constitutes sustainable investment, as defined and measured by
The total professionally managed assets under management during RIAA, have tightened.
the reporting period has grown to USD98.4 trillion, as shown in Fig-
ure 2. Reported sustainable investment assets under management Europe reported a 13% decline in the growth of sustainable invest-
make up a total of 35.9% of total assets under management. This ment assets in 2018 to 2020 due to a changed measurement meth-
represents a growth from the previous reporting period of 2.5 per- odology from which European data is drawn for this year’s report.
centage points. This reflects a period of transition associated with revised defini-
tions of sustainable investment that have become embedded into
Sustainable investment assets are continuing to climb globally, legislation in the European Union as part of the European Sustaina-
with the exception of Europe which appears to indicate a decline, ble Finance Action Plan.
however this is due to significant changes in the way sustainable
5 The decline in Europe is due to the fact that the data is taking account of regulatory definitions which may result in the
investment is defined in this region under EU legislation, making
fact that not all products or strategies considered in the past would meet these new regulatory definitions. The European
comparisons with previous versions of this report very difficult.5 marketplace is in constant and fast transition and therefore it is too early to draw definitive conclusions on trends.
FIGURE 1 Snapshot of global sustainable investing assets, 2016-2018-2020 (USD billions)
NOTE: Asset values are expressed in billions of US
dollars. Assets for 2016 were reported as of 31/12/2015
for all regions except Japan as of 31/03/2016. Assets
REGION 2016 2018 2020 for 2018 were reported as of 31/12/2017 for all regions
except Japan, which reported as of 31/03/2018. Assets
Europe* 12,040 14,075 12,017 for 2020 were reported as of 31/12/2019 for all regions
except Japan, which reported as of 31/03/2020.
United States 8,723 11,995 17,081 Conversions from local currencies to US dollars were at
the exchange rates prevailing at the date of reporting.
Canada 1,086 1,699 2,423 In 2020, Europe includes Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain,
Australasia* 516 734 906
Global sustainable Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden, the
investment at UK, Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein.
Japan 474 2,180 2,874 $35.3 trillion *Europe and Australasia have enacted significant changes
in the way sustainable investment is defined in these
Total (USD billions) 22,839 30,683 35,301 regions, so direct comparisons between regions and with
previous versions of this report are not easily made.
FIGURE 2 Snapshot of global assets under management 2016-2018-2020 (USD billions)
REGIONS 2016 2018 2020
Total AUM of regions 81,948 91,828 98,416
Total sustainable investments only AUM 22,872 30,683 35,301
35.9% of total assets
% Sustainable investments 27.9% 33.4% 35.9%
under management are NOTE: Asset values are expressed in billions of US
Increase of % sustainable investments sustainable investments dollars. Global assets are based on data reported by
5.5% 2.5% Europe, US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan
(compared to prior period)
for the purpose of the 2016, 2018 and 2020 GSIRs.
GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT REVIEW 2020 9FIGURE 3 Growth of sustainable investing assets by region in local currency 2014-2020
NOTE: Asset values are expressed in
GROWTH PER PERIOD COMPOUND ANNUAL billions. New Zealand assets were
GROWTH GROWTH GROWTH GROWTH RATE converted to Australian dollars. In
2014 2016 2018 2020 2014-2016 2016-2018 2018-2020 (CARG) 2014-2020 2020, Europe includes Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany,
Europe* (EUR) €9,885 €11,045 €12,306 €10,730 12% 11% -13% 1% Greece, Italy, Spain, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden, the
United States (USD) $6,572 $8,723 $11,995 $17,081 33% 38% 42% 17% UK, Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein.
*Europe and Australasia have enacted
Canada (CAD) $1,011 $1,505 $2,132 $3,166 49% 42% 48% 21% significant changes in the way
sustainable investment is defined in
Australasia* (AUD) $203 $707 $1,033 $1,295 248% 46% 25% 36% these regions, so direct comparisons
between regions and with previous
versions of this report are not
Japan (JPY) ¥840 ¥57,056 ¥231,952 ¥310,039 6,692% 307% 34% 168% easily made.
Proportion of sustainable investing relative to total
FIGURE 4 Proportion of sustainable investing assets relative to total managed assets
managed assets 2014-2020
As shown in Figure 4, the proportion of sustainable investing rela-
70% tive to total managed assets continued to grow strongly in Canada,
63.2 61.8
58.8 Canada
the United States and Japan.
60%
52.6
50.6
50% In contrast, Australasia and Europe both reported a lower proportion
50.6 41.6
37.8
48.8 of sustainable investing assets relative to total managed assets for
40% Europe
31.3 37.9 Australia/NZ 2018 to 2020. This reflects significant changes in the way sustain-
United States
30% 25.7 33.2 able investment is defined in these regions, making comparisons
21.6 Japan with previous versions of this report very difficult, and highlights an
17.9 18.3 24.3
20%
evolution of the sustainable investment markets in both regions. In
16.6
10% Europe, this was driven in large part by a strong legislative push
3.4
that now explicitly sets out sustainability standards for sustainable
0%
2014 2016 2018 2020 finance products. In Australasia, this was due to two main factors:
one being a shift in sustainable investment standards expected for
inclusion in the regional survey data undertaken by RIAA, as well as
REGION 2014 2016 2018 2020 a changed data source used to define the total market size based on
Europe* 58.8% 52.6% 48.8% 41.6% the domestic central bank definition.
United States 17.9% 21.6% 25.7% 33.2%
Canada 31.3% 37.8% 50.6% 61.8% Proportion of global sustainable investing assets
by region
Australasia* 16.6% 50.6% 63.2% 37.9%
Japan 3.4% 18.3% 24.3% The United States and Europe continued to represent more than
80% of global sustainable investing assets during 2018 to 2020.
*Europe and Australasia have enacted significant changes in the way sustainable investment is defined in these
regions, so direct comparisons between regions and with previous versions of this report are not easily made.
The proportions of global sustainable investing assets in Canada
(7%), Japan (8%) and Australasia (3%) have remained relatively un-
changed over the past two years.
FIGURE 5 Proportion of global sustainable investing assets by region 2020
Japan
Australia/NZ* SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Canada 8%
3% Proportion of sustainable investing assets by strategy
Europe*
7% and region
34%
The largest sustainable investment strategy globally is ESG integra-
tion, as shown in Figure 6, with a combined USD25.2 trillion in assets
under management employing an ESG integration approach, also
being the most commonly reported strategy in most regions. The
next most commonly deployed sustainable investment strategies
48% include negative/exclusionary screening (USD15.9 trillion) followed
by corporate engagement/shareholder action (USD10.5 trillion).
United States
* Europe and Australasia have enacted significant changes in the way sustainable investment is defined in these
This result shows a change from 2018 when negative/exclusionary
regions, so direct comparisons between regions and with previous versions of this report are not easily made. screening was reported as the most popular sustainable investment
10 GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT ALLIANCEstrategy. This shift towards ESG integration was particularly pro- Popularity of sustainable investing strategies
nounced in Japan where ESG integration became the most com-
mon sustainable investment strategy, taking over from corporate Figure 7 demonstrates the global growth of sustainable investing
engagement and shareholder action. European sustainable invest- strategies from 2016-2020. Sustainability-themed investing, ESG
ing strategies data in this year’s report is based on an extrapolation integration and corporate engagement have all experienced con-
from historical data taken from previous versions of this report, due sistent growth during the period. However, norms-based screening,
to no data being available for 2020 at a strategy level. positive screening as well as negative screening have all experi-
enced a more variable trajectory since 2016.
What is also increasingly evident by reports from across the major
regions is that many investment organisations are using a combina-
tion of strategies, rather than solely relying on just one.
FIGURE 6 Sustainable investing assets by strategy & region 2020
■ $1 ■ $17 ■ $212
Impact/community investing ■ $16 ■ $106
■ Europe
■ United States
■ $3 ■ $136 ■ $658 ■ Canada
Positive/best-in-class screening ■ $16 ■ $572 ■ Australia/NZ NOTE: Asset values are expressed
in billions of US dollars. European
■ $3 ■ $74
■ Japan sustainable investing strategy
Sustainability themed investing $1,688 ■ $37 ■ $145 data is based on extrapolation
from historic data from the
■ $803 2018 GSIR report and applying
Norms-based screening $3,074
■ $262 the same proportion to 2020
sustainable investing data
across the different sustainable
Corporate engagement and shareholder action $4,743 $1,980 $2,045 $1,735
investing strategies. US SIF data
extrapolates from numbers
■ $1,042 ■ $89 provided by a subset of overall
Negative/exclusionary screening $9,242 $3,404
■ $1,254 respondents in its 2020 Trends
report. US and Australasia did not
ESG integration $4,140 $16,059 $2,302 $794 $1,900 report on the category of norms-
based screening and Australasia
on the category positive/best-in-
0 5k 10k 15k 20k 25k class screening.
FIGURE 7 Global growth of sustainable investing strategies 2016-2020
$352 ■ 2020
Impact/community investing $444 ■ 2018
$248
■ 2016
$1,384
Positive/best-in-class screening $1,842
$818
$1,948
Sustainability themed investing $1,018
$276
$4,140
Norms-based screening $4,679
$6,195
$10,504
Corporate engagement and shareholder action $9,835
$8,385
$15,030
Negative/exclusionary screening $19,771
$15,064
$25,195
ESG integration $17,544
$10,353
0 5k 10k 15k 20k 25k
■ 2020 ■ 2018 ■ 2016 GROWTH COMPOUND ANNUAL
2016-2020 GROWTH RATE
Impact/community investing $352 $444 $248 42% 9%
Positive/best-in-class screening $1,384 $1,842 $818 69% 14%
Sustainability-themed investing $1,948 $1,018 $276 605% 63%
Norms-based screening $4,140 $4,679 $6,195 -33% -10%
Corporate engagement and shareholder action $10,504 $9,835 $8,385 25% 6%
Negative/exclusionary screening $15,030 $19,771 $15,064 0% 0%
NOTE: Asset values are expressed
ESG integration $25,195 $17,544 $10,353 143% 25% in billions of US dollars.
GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT REVIEW 2020 11FIGURE 8 Regional shares, by asset weight, in global use of sustainable investing strategies 2020
Impact/community investing 30% 60% 4% 5%
Positive/best-in-class screening 41% 48% 1% 10%
Sustainability themed investing 7% 86% 2% 4%
Norms-based screening 74% 19% 6%
Corporate engagement and shareholder action 45% 19% 19% 17%
Negative/exclusionary screening 61% 23% 7% 1% 8%
ESG integration 16% 64% 9% 3% 8%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
■ Europe ■ United States ■ Canada
■ EUROPE ■ UNITED ■ CANADA ■ AUSTRALIA/ ■ JAPAN ■ Australia/NZ ■ Japan
STATES NEW ZEALAND
Impact/community investing 30% 60% 4% 5% 0%
Positive/best-in-class screening 41% 48% 1% 0% 10% NOTE: European sustainable investing strategy
data is based on extrapolation from historic
Sustainability-themed investing 7% 86% 2% 0% 4% data from the 2018 GSIR report and applying the
same proportion to 2020 sustainable investing
Norms-based screening 74% - 19% - 6% data across the different sustainable investing
strategies. US SIF data extrapolates from numbers
Corporate engagement and shareholder action 45% 19% 19% - 17% provided by a subset of overall respondents in
its 2020 Trends report. US and Australasia did not
Negative/exclusionary screening 61% 23% 7% 1% 8% report on the category of norms-based screening
and Australasia on the category positive/best-
ESG integration 16% 64% 9% 3% 8% in-class screening. Australasia also includes
corporate engagement within ESG integration.
Proportion of sustainable investing strategies by asset Historically Europe made up the majority of assets with norms-
weight and region based and negative/exclusionary screening strategies. As the re-
cent European Union Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation
Regional differences in the prevalence of sustainable investing sets out requirements for investment managers to incorporate sus-
strategies can be seen in Figure 8. These are due to a number of tainability risks in their investments, this means that negative/ex-
factors, some of which are regionally specific. clusionary screening, norms-based screening and ESG integration
have become part of the expected practice of all financial products
For example, Australasia combines positive, negative and norms- in the region.
based screening into one bucket and does not track corporate en-
gagement as a stand-alone strategy, so those assets are restricted
to four of the seven strategies shown in Figure 8. The United States
does not track norms-based screening, and for the purposes of pro- MARKET DEVELOPMENTS AND
ducing an overall tally of sustainable investing assets, counts only CHARACTERISTICS
the portion of corporate engagement assets that are deployed in
filing shareholder resolutions on ESG issues. Institutional and retail investors
Nonetheless, we are able to see some interesting regional varia- Investments managed by professional asset managers are often
tions. Although Japan holds 8% of global sustainable investing as- classified as either retail or institutional. Retail assets are personal
sets, it accounts for a much greater share of global assets dedicated investments by individuals in professionally managed funds pur-
to corporate engagement and shareholder action (17%). The United chased in banks or through investment platforms with relatively low
States holds the greater proportion of global assets in sustainabili- minimum investment levels, while assets classified as ‘institutional’
ty-themed investing, impact/community investing, positive/best-in- are managed on behalf of institutional asset owners such as pen-
class investing, and ESG integration. sion funds, universities, foundations and insurers through invest-
ment products with higher minimum investment levels.
As mentioned above, investors may utilise multiple sustainable in-
vesting strategies as a means of integrating sustainability risks and Although institutional investors tend to dominate the financial
opportunities as part of their investment processes. As such, seg- market, interest by retail investors in sustainable investing has
regating these strategies may not be representative of the holistic been steadily growing since this report began differentiating be-
trends facing the sustainable investment industry globally. tween these two investment classifications in 2012. At that time,
12 GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT ALLIANCEinstitutional investors held 89% of assets compared with 11% held
FIGURE 9 Global shares of institutional and retail sustainable investing
by retail investors. Figure 9 shows that at the start of 2020, the retail
assets 2016-2020
portion sits at one quarter of total sustainable investing assets. This
has remained stable since 2018. 100%
Developments in global instruments and norms 20%
80% 25% 25%
The Paris Agreement, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Task
Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures, and the United
Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) Sus- 60%
tainable Financial Roadmap Initiative are four examples of global
developments that have greatly impacted the sustainable investing
40%
industry and the financial services industry more broadly.
The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on cli-
20%
mate change that entered into force in 2016. The Paris Agreement
was signed at the United Nations Climate Change Conference
(COP21), and at the time of writing 195 parties have signed, and 189
80% 75% 75%
0%
parties have ratified the agreement. The goal of the agreement is 2016 2018 2020
to limit global warming to well below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C, com-
pared to pre-industrial levels. The Paris Agreement has been the ■ Retail ■ Institutional NOTE: This data was not collected in Australasia or Europe for 2020.
driving force of many state-based legislations to limit greenhouse
gas emissions and set net zero emission targets. Although the Paris
Agreement is a state-based agreement, investors, asset owners and
asset managers are increasingly looking to align their portfolios to The Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)
the goal of the Paris Agreement, and monitor and limit greenhouse was established by the Financial Stability Board. The launch of the
gas emissions, or are required to in alignment with changes in state- Recommendations of the TCFD in 2017 has influenced policy and
based legislation. regulation globally, and greatly changed expectations on investors,
asset managers and asset owners. The TCFD recommendations are
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contain 17 globally set designed to help companies to provide better information on how
goals to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030 organisations provide information on climate-related risks and op-
and were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015. portunities and disclosures structured around governance, strategy,
There are a total of 231 indicators and 169 targets that recognise risk management metrics and targets. In 2021, a new Taskforce on
ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) was created to de-
strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, liver a framework for organisations to report and act on evolving
and spur economic growth – all while tackling climate change and nature-related risks.
working to preserve our oceans and forests. Although the SDGs are
a state-based framework, businesses and investors have also been The United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative (UNEP
encouraged to adopt the SDG framework. The UN Global Compact FI) Sustainable Financial Roadmap Initiative proposes an integrated
and their regional associations have been leading the development approach to accelerate the transformation towards a sustainable
of business-based guidance for SDG implementation. The Princi- financial system. Regionally, there have been localised Sustainable
ples for Responsible Investment (PRI) has also provided guidance Finance Roadmaps created dedicated to accelerating sustainable
to investors on the SDGs Investment Case. financial systems locally in many markets around the world.
GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT REVIEW 2020 13Regional highlights
This section illustrates examples of policy and regulatory develop- One major milestone of EU Taxonomy is the embodiment of the dou-
ments, industry drivers and collaboration, customer preferences ble materiality concept. Double materiality implies that companies
and demand, and operational and market drivers across the specific and investors not only report on risks and opportunities immedi-
regions covered in the previous section (Europe, the United States, ately financially material to corporate valuation, but also issues that
Canada, Australia/New Zealand and Japan). are impacting on environmental and social objectives over time and
on geography should be considered. The impacts on environment
and social aspects are defined with a threshold of significant contri-
bution or significant harm to six environmental objectives (climate
EUROPE mitigation, climate adaptation, water, circular economy, pollution,
and biodiversity) in the Taxonomy.
Policy & regulatory drivers
The forthcoming Sustainable Finance strategy by the European
Regulatory and policy drivers have influenced the sustainable and Commission is likely to underpin the substance of investors’ cor-
responsible investment market across Europe. The most important porate engagement and net zero commitments. Gradually, this is
regulatory developments in Europe include: expected to lead investors and asset owners to increasingly focus
on outcomes and impacts of their investments in the future.
▶ The European Union Sustainable Finance Action Plan,
published in 2018, and in particular the Sustainable Finance Industry drivers
Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) has significant impacts on
the ESG/responsible investments market through new Three notable milestones of sustainable and responsible industry
definitions set in law. SFDR requires institutional investors, initiatives and collaboration in Europe targeting improved ESG out-
asset managers and advisers to report how they integrate comes are described below.
sustainability risks and adverse impacts at entity level, and
to classify and report their ESG products’ sustainability First, the promotion of voluntary sustainable fund labels as a means
risks and adverse impacts. The EU Sustainable Finance to demonstrate the ESG credentials of the fund to end investors.
Disclosure Regulation obliges all investment managers to National labels exist in France, Belgium, Luxembourg and Austria,
incorporate sustainability risks in their investments, thus while there are cross-border labels for the German speaking re-
making sustainable investment strategies as defined by gion (Switzerland, Germany and Austria) and for the Nordic region.
GSIA such as negative/exclusionary screening, norms- Nearly 1,500 investment funds carry at least one of these European
based screening and ESG integration part of the expected sustainable finance labels, representing EUR827 billion in AUM as of
practice of all financial products. 31 March 2021 (Novethic).
▶ Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive proposal
(amending Non-financial reporting directive) - requires Second, FinDatEx (Financial Data Exchange Templates), a collab-
large companies to publish regular reports on the social orative initiative of the European financial services sector to stand-
and environmental impacts of their activities. ardise and facilitate data flows, is creating a simplified ‘European
▶ The European Union’s proposed Markets in Financial ESG Template (EET)’ to meet the regulatory compliance (SFDR,
Instruments Directive 2 (MiFID II) suitability rules clients’ sustainability preference in MiFID II/IDD) and related client
ensure that investors’ ESG preferences are taken into inquiries. A working draft is expected in September for public con-
consideration during investment advice and portfolio sultation with an aim of launching EET in early 2022.
management.
▶ The EU Taxonomy Regulation entered into force in 2020 Third, the United Nations-convened Net Zero Asset Owner Alliance
and establishes the framework for the EU taxonomy by (NZAOA), where 32 of 42 groups of institutional investors are head-
setting out four overarching conditions that an economic quartered in Europe and representing USD6.6 trillion in AUM, is ac-
activity has to meet in order to qualify as environmentally celerating its action to align portfolios to the 1.5°C scenario.
sustainable. The delegated acts containing the technical
screening criteria for climate change adaptation and
mitigation, published in April 2021 further details this. Next
to environmental objectives, a social taxonomy and no
significant harm taxonomy are in the pipeline.
GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT REVIEW 2020 15Customer drivers UNITED STATES
In Europe, the sustainable and responsible investment industry has Policy & regulatory drivers
experienced a strong demand of retail investors in the first half of
2020, as evidenced by net inflows of EUR14 billion of EU-domiciled In the United States, the regulatory policy environment for sus-
ESG equity funds in contrast to net outflows of EUR77 billion of tainable investing has drastically changed between the former and
other equity funds. The consistent outperformance of ESG indices current administrations. The administration under former President
over the last few years has also increased the ESG product offers to Donald Trump sought to limit sustainable investing through ac-
the retail market. tions taken at the Department of Labor (DOL) and Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC). President Biden’s administration has
The European Commission aims to steer retail investors towards taken measures to mitigate or reverse those actions. Despite all the
more ESG product choices by introducing amendments to the regulatory and policy shifts in the last several years, investor interest
MiFID II. MiFID II amendments require financial advisers to inquire in sustainable investing continued to accelerate.
‘sustainability preferences’ of each client and advise appropriate
products. Some notable regulatory and policy drivers since the election of
President Biden include:
There have been different surveys conducted across Europe that
account for interest in sustainable and responsible investment the- ▶ In March 2021, the Department of Labor released
matics and products. 2DII conducted a series of surveys on sustain- a statement of non-enforcement of two previous
ability objectives in 2019 and found out that two-thirds of French administration rules related to consideration of ESG
and German retail investors want to invest in an environmentally factors in retirement options and exercising their ability
responsible manner. to vote proxies related to environmental, social or
governance issues. The DOL also committed to revisit
Market drivers and release new guidance on these rules to allow
consideration of ESG criteria and proxy voting in private
Morningstar Manager Research, published in 2021, reveals that sector retirement plans.
while a majority of new fund offerings for 2020 were broad ESG ▶ In May 2021, a bill was introduced in the Senate which
funds, environmental focused funds accounted for 13% of new fund states that ESG criteria may be considered in ERISA-
offerings. Other products in the European market in 2020 embed governed retirement plans. A companion bill was
sustainability-related themes including gender, smart cities, the introduced in the House of Representatives. Passage of
ocean, and the SDGs. such legislation in both houses of Congress would end
the back and forth on regulatory interpretations at the
Effective engagement and meaningful stewardship have been ex- Department of Labor.
amined mainly by industry as a tool to drive positive outcomes. ▶ In March 2021, the SEC issued a request for information on
For example, the European Union’s investor stewardship tool, the climate risk and ESG disclosures. This is expected to lead
Shareholder Rights Directive II, aims to promote the adoption of to a regulatory proposal for mandatory issuer disclosure
corporate sustainability measures through engagement activities. on climate change and potentially a broader set of ESG
issues.
Sustainable investment association in the region ▶ In May 2021, the White House released an Executive
– Eurosif Order on Climate-Related Financial Risk, which included
measures seeking to advance ESG disclosure as well as
The European Sustainable Investment Forum (Eurosif) is a Europe- accelerating the use of ESG criteria in ERISA-governed
an sustainable and responsible investment membership organisa- retirement plans and in the Federal Thrift Retirement Plan,
tion whose mission is to promote sustainability through European the largest retirement plan in the United States.
financial markets. Eurosif works as a partnership of Europe-based ▶ In addition to the aforementioned regulatory changes,
national Sustainable Investment Fora (SIFs) with the direct support the US government is currently focused on tackling
of their network which spans over 400 Europe-based organisations specific ESG themes such as labour rights and climate
drawn from the sustainable investment industry value chain. More change. One example includes the work conducted by
information on the developments in the region can be found on the the White House Task Force on Worker Organizing and
Eurosif website. Empowerment with the aim of strengthening labour rights.
16 GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT ALLIANCEIndustry collaboration Market drivers
During the reporting period, there have been multiple strong sus- The United States has seen a new focus on racial justice investing. A
tainable investment industry collaborations across a wide range of number of asset managers, service providers, non-profits and other
ESG themes. institutions have developed policies and frameworks to help the
investment community counter injustice and advance racial equity.
In 2020, the Racial Justice Investing (RJI) Coalition released the There has been a continued focus on gender lens investing in light
Investor Statement of Solidarity to Address Systemic Racism and of the #MeToo movement and the impact of COVID-19 on women,
Call to Action endorsed by over 120 investors and organisations. The particularly women of colour.
Statement calls for accountability and action from the investment
community to dismantle systemic racism and promote racial equity There has also been increased investment in community devel-
and justice. This initiative was launched after the murders by police opment financial institutions, which serve low-income and other
of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, the murder of Ahmaud Arbery, marginalised communities who are underserved by many financial
ongoing police violence against black communities, and the dispro- institutions.
portionate health and economic impact of COVID-19 on black and
other minority populations. The last several years have also been characterised by a strong push
for multi-stakeholder company models in the United States with a
Another notable development is the CFA Institute project to estab- focus on communities, environment, and better labour conditions in
lish voluntary disclosure requirements for investment products with addition to shareowners.
ESG-related features. In May 2021, the CFA Institute released an
Exposure Draft of the standards to solicit feedback. Sustainable investment association in the region
- US SIF
Collaborations around corporate engagement have become an in-
creasingly used tool for investors. US SIF reviewed the ESG themes US SIF: The Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment is
of shareholder proposals filed between 2018-2020 and found the the non-profit hub for the sustainable and impact investment sector
most popular thematic concern of shareholder proposals is corpo- in the United States. More information on the developments in the
rate political activity, followed by labour and equal employment op- region can be found on the US SIF website and the US SIF Founda-
portunity, climate change/carbon, executive pay, then independent tion Report on US Sustainable and Impact Investing Trends 2020.
board chair.6
Customer drivers
The 2020 US SIF Foundation Trends Report identified USD4.6 tril-
lion in ESG assets managed for individual retail or high-net-worth
clients, up from USD3 trillion in 2018.
According to a 2019 Morgan Stanley study, 85% of individual inves-
tors surveyed were interested in sustainable investing, up 10% from
2017. Among millennials, 95% were interested, up 9% from 2017.
The study found that individual investor survey respondents were
most interested in the themes of plastic reduction (46%) and climate
change (46%), community development (42%), circular economy
(39%) and SDGs (36%).
In a 2019 survey by Natixis Global Asset Management of partici-
pants in retirement contribution plans, 75% of respondents said it
was important to make the world a better place while growing their
wealth. Sixty-one percent said including sustainable investment op-
tions would make them more likely to contribute to their plan.
6 2020 US SIF Foundation Trends Report
GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT REVIEW 2020 17CANADA There have also been the following environmental and social legis-
lative developments in Canada during the reporting period that may
Policy & regulatory drivers have ramifications on the financial industry:
The principal drivers of the growth of the sustainable and respon- Bill S-216, An Act to enact the Modern Slavery Act and amend the
sible investment market, as it is referred to in Canada, have been Customs Tariff, passed Second Reading in the Senate in March 2021
the market participants. Important sustainable and responsible and was referred to the Standing Senate Committee on Banking,
investment related regulatory and policy developments in Canada Trade and Commerce for further study.
include:
Bill C-12, The Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act, was
▶ The Expert Panel on Sustainable Finance released its introduced in 2020 to legislate Canada’s target of net zero green-
final report in 2019 which sets out 15 recommendations house gas emissions by 2050. At the time of writing, the Bill is before
to mobilise sustainable finance in Canada to support the Senate.
the transition to a climate-smart, low-carbon economy.
One key recommendation was implemented in May 2021 Bill C-15, The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
with the formation of the Sustainable Finance Action Act, proposes a framework to align Canada’s laws with the UN
Council (SFAC), which will make recommendations to the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). The Bill
government on critical market infrastructure needed to received Royal Assent in June 2021.
attract and scale sustainable finance in Canada.
▶ The Canadian Government announced the Large Industry collaboration
Employer Emergency Financing Facility (LEEFF) in May
2020 as part of COVID-19 economic response. In order In June 2020, Canadian universities launched the Investing to Ad-
to access the LEEFF, loans companies must commit to dress Climate Change charter calling on universities to incorporate
publishing an annual climate-related financial disclosure ESG factors into investment practices; measure the carbon foot-
report. prints of their portfolios and set targets to reduce the footprints over
▶ Under amendments to the Canada Business Corporations time; engage with companies to encourage them to reduce emis-
Act (CBCA) that came into force on 1 January 2020, sions; and evaluate external managers against these objectives.
Canada became the first jurisdiction to require diversity
disclosure beyond gender, for federally incorporated The RIA coordinated the development of the Canadian Investor
public companies. Designated groups include women, Statement on Diversity & Inclusion which launched in October
Indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, and people 2020. As of 31 December 2020, the Statement had support from
of colour. 66 signatories, including 48 institutional investors with more than
USD4 trillion in assets under management. Signatories to the State-
Regulatory developments across Canadian provinces that impact ment pledge to take steps to integrate diversity & inclusion (D&I)
the sustainable and responsible investment industry include: into their investment processes, and also to strengthen D&I prac-
tices within their own institutions. The RIA is also currently coor-
▶ Under the Ontario Pension Benefits Act Regulation, which dinating a Canadian Investor Net Zero Pledge with a small group
came into effect in 2016, a plan’s statement of investment of experts. The Exposure Draft will be released in summer 2021 for
policies and procedures (SIPP) is required to include industry consultation.
information as to whether ESG factors are incorporated
into the plan’s investment policies and procedures and, In November 2020, the CEOs of eight leading Canadian pension
if so, how those factors are incorporated. This legislation plan investment managers, representing approximately CAD1.6 tril-
gave impetus for greater discussion and developments in lion of assets under management issued a joint statement calling on
ESG and responsible investment across Canada. companies and investors to provide ‘consistent and complete’ ESG
▶ In January 2021, Ontario’s Capital Markets Modernization information.
Taskforce Final Report included several ESG-related
recommendations that would affect reporting issuers, In 2021, the RIA is working in collaboration with several industry part-
such as mandatory climate change-related disclosure ners to establish and launch Climate Engagement Canada (CEC).
compliant with the TCFD recommendations and CEC will be a national programme to facilitate collaborative investor
mandatory board and executive management-level engagements with Canadian issuers regarding the transition to a
diversity targets and implementation timelines. low carbon economy and alignment with Canada’s commitment to
▶ Quebec’s Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) the Paris Agreement. This initiative was a key recommendation of
released their Annual Statement of Priorities in June 2021. the Expert Panel on Sustainable Finance.
The Statement intends to provide thought and action
leadership – in Québec, Canada and internationally – Customer drivers
regarding the impact of climate change on the financial
system and the incorporation of ESG issues into financial Designated sustainable and responsible investment retail products,
activities and decisions. including mutual funds and ETFs, have experienced a growth in
popularity in Canada. Net asset flows for Canada-domiciled sustain-
able and responsible investment mutual funds and ETFs, estimated
by Morningstar, were CAD5.3 billion for Q1 2021, already exceeding
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