Il 5G per la connettività diffusa - Alessandro Guidotti Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Energia Elettrica e dell'Informazione "Guglielmo Marconi" ...
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Il 5G per la connettività diffusa Smart Building Roadshow 2021 Alessandro Guidotti Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Energia Elettrica e dell’Informazione «Guglielmo Marconi»
10.0 10.6
Billions of 8.0 8.9
Connections
L’ICT per la società
7.4
6.0
6.1
4.0
2.0
0.0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
• Le infrastrutture di telecomunicazioni sono oggi una risorsa critica: comunicazioni
nging mix and growth of wireless devices that are accessing mobile networks worldwide is one of the
wireless come materia prima
butors to global mobile traffic growth. Each year several new devices in different form factors and increased
Connected
nd intelligence are introduced in the market. In the last couple of years, we have seen a rise of phabletshome applications, such as home automation, home security and video surveillance, connected w
• ICT fondamentale per l’evoluzione e il miglioramento della società
ently we have seen many new M2M connections coming into the mix. There were 8.8 billion
onnections in 2018, which will grow to 13.1 billion by 2023 at a CAGR of 8 percent (Figure
global
goods,
7).
mobile
and tracking applications, will represent 48 percent, or nearly half, of the total M2M connections by 20
showing the pervasiveness of M2M in our lives (Figure 5). Connected car applications such as fleet managem
– Digital inclusion vehicle entertainment
re will be 8.7 billion handheld or personal mobile-ready devices and 4.4 billion M2M connections (e.g., systems, emergency calling, Internet, vehicle diagnostics and navigation etc. will be the
growing category, at a 30 percent CAGR. Connected cities applications will have the second-fastest growth,
ds and health status–more Green deal et al.). Regionally, North America and Western
readily available, Europe
percent are
CAGR.
the fastest growth in mobile devices and connections with 16 percent and 11 percent CAGR from 2018
ectively. – Education Figure 5. Global M2M connection growth by industries
– ...
l mobile device and connection growth
19% CAGR
Global M2M connections/IoT growth by vertical
19% CAGR By 2023, connected home largest, connected car fastest growth
8% CAGR 14 2018–2023
2018–2023
2018–2023 Smartphones (46%, 41%) 16
12
Phablets (9%, 11%)
10 12
M2M (13%, 34%)
8
Billions of
Billions of Nonsmartphones (27%, 11%)
M2M 8
Devices 6 Tablets (2%, 2%)
Connections
PCs (2%, 2%) 4
4
Other Portable Devices
2 (0.1%, 0.1%) 0
* Smartphone category 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
0 including phablets
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 * Figures (n) refer to 2018, Connected Home (20% CAGR) Connected Work (15% CAGR) Connected Health (19% CAGR)
2023 device share Connected Cities (26% CAGR) Connected Car (30% CAGR) Mfg and Supply Chain (8% CAGR)
Retail (11% CAGR) Energy (24% CAGR) Other (27% CAGR)
Cisco White Paper, “Cisco Annual Internet Report (2018–2023),” 2020.
id decline in the share of non-smartphones from 27 percent in 2018 (2.4 billion) to 11While
percent by 2023 the traffic from M2M connections has been less than that from the end user devices such as
traditionally
Another significant trend is the growth of smartphones (including phablets) from 4.9 billion in 2018 to
2023 at the second highest CAGR of 7 percent. Even though smartphones are growing absolutely,
because the increase of deployment of video applications on M2M connections and the increased use of app
of the
Sistemi 5G: un diverso abito per ogni occasione
• Estendere ed evolvere ulteriormente la rete LTE non era più sufficiente
– generazioni precedenti: lo stesso abito per tutte le occasioni
– delle piattaforme general-purpose, che definiscono quali servizi si possono fornire e con che QoS
Financial services Healthcare
• 5G: cucire il servizio sulle richieste degli utenti
– “the true differentiator for 5G is the vertical markets”
(5G IA Chairman, Oct. 2018) Manufacturing
& Industry 4.0 Public safety
– efficienza e riconfigurabilità sono
fondamentali
Smart city & Media &
smart buildings entertainment
– radicale cambio di paradigma nel
design della rete
Automotive Energy
TM
Rec. ITU-R M.2083-0 15
3GPP 5G NR 14 Rec. ITU-R M.2083-0
La visione della ITU
The reference values for IMT-Advanced shown in Fig.
Operation from 3 for
lowthetopeak
verydata rate,
high mobility,
bands: 0.4spectrum
–100Ghz
efficiency and latency are extracted from Report ITU-R M.2134. The Report this was published in FIGURE 3 gNB
Ultra wide bandwidth (Up to 100MHz in 6GHz) Xn
2008 and was used for the evaluation of IMT-Advanced candidate radio interfaces described
Enhancement in
of key capabilities from IMT-Advanced to IMT-2020
ccess technology Recommendation ITU-R M.2012. Set of different numerologies for optimal operation in different frequency ranges
User experienced
ore network from Native forward compatibility mechanisms Peak data rate data rate
et the potential As anticipated above, whilst all key capabilities may to some extent be important for most use(Gbit/s)
cases, (Mbit/s) ng-eNB
scenarios identified Newmay
the relevance of certain key capabilities channel coding different, depending on the use
be significantly
20 100
U-R discussion on the cases/scenario. The importance of each key capability
Native for the
support for Lowusage scenarios
Latency andenhanced Mobile
Ultra Reliability
IMT-2020
for the IMT-2020 5G Broadband, ultra-reliable and low latency communication and massive machine-type communication
Flexible and modular RAN architecture: split fronthaul, split control- 10
and user-plane
is illustrated in Fig. 4. Thi i done ing an indica i e caling in h ee e a high , medi m and1
lo . Native end-to-end support for Network
Area traffic
capacity
Slicing Spectrum
(Mbit/s/m2 )
10
efficiency 3GPP LP
In the enhanced Mobile Broadband scenario, user experienced data rate, area traffic 3´
1capacity, 1´
Connectio
peak data rate, mobility, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency all have high importance, 0.1 but 1 000 000 UEs/Km
mobility and the user experienced data rate would not have equal importance simultaneously in all Machine Type UE Battery
Communications Decades
use cases. For example, in hotspots, a higher user experienced data rate, but a lower mobility, would
1´ Coverage
350
be required than in wide area coverage case. 10´ 400 EC-GSM-IoT outdoor and ind
100´ 500 UE comple
In some ultra-reliable and low latency communications scenarios, lowNetwork latency is of highest IMT-advanced MobilityeMTC (LTE-M) Ultra-low
5G Core Network energy efficiency (km/h)
NB-IoT
importance, e.g. in order to enable the safety critical applications. Such capability would be required
Functional entities Services
in some high mobility cases as well, e.g. in transportation safety, while, e.g. high data rates could be 10
5
10 5G Cellular IoT
less important. Virtual Core
6
1
NR IIoT
10
In the massive machine type communication scenario, Internal Communication:
high connection APIsto support
density is needed
tremendous number of devices in the network that e.g.Harmonized protocols
may transmit only Connection density
occasionally, at low bit rate 2
(devices/km )
Latency
(ms)
and with zero/very low mobility. A low cost deviceFunction/service
with long operationalexposure
lifetime is vital for this
!"#$%&#'$()*+%*$, usage scenario. M.2083-03
CP / UP Separation
ecture and
The values in the Figure above are targets for research and investigation for IMT-2020 and may be
5G systems FIGURE 4 further developed in other ITU-R Recommendations, and may be revised in the light of future studies.
The importanceNR Theusage
of key capabilities in different targets are further described below.
scenarios
Peak The
Userpeak data rate of IMT-2020 for enhanced Mobile Broadband is expected to reach 10 Gbit/s.
experienced
High importance
Home
ess security Network
Enhanced mobile data rate data rate
However under certain conditions and scenarios IMT-2020 would support up to 20 Gbit/s peak data
main security broadband rate, as shown in Fig. 3. IMT-2020 would support different user experienced data rates covering a
The Mobile
Visited The
Network internet LTE
Medium
Non-3GPP
security 3GPP Access variety of environments for enhanced Mobile Broadband. For wide area coverage cases, e.g. in urban
Access
and sub-urban areas, a user experienced data rate of 100 Mbit/s is expected to be enabled. In hotspot
Spectrum
Broadband
domain security cases, the user experienced
Area traffic efficiency data rate is expected to reach higher values (e.g. 1 Gbit/s indoor).
Low
security capacity
The spectrum efficiency is expected to be three times higher compared to IMT-Advanced for
Standard
configurability of security enhanced Mobile Broadband. The achievable increase in efficiency from IMT-Advanced will vary
between scenarios and could be higher in some scenarios (for example five times subject to further
research). IMT-2020 is expected to support 10 Mbit/s/m2 area traffic capacity, for example in hot
spots.
Network The energy consumption for the radio access network of IMT-2020 should not be greater than IMT
Mobility
energy efficiency networks deployed today, while delivering the enhanced capabilities. The network energy efficiency
Release 15 Release 16 Release 17 should therefore Ultra-reliable
be improved by a factor at least as great as the envisaged traffic capacity increase of
Massive machine IMT-2020 relative
andtolow
IMT-Advanced
latency for enhanced Mobile Broadband.
3GPP,
NR“About 3GPP”, available at: http://www.3gpp.org
The 5G System – Phase 2 NR MIMO
type communications NR Sidelink relay Unmanned Aerialwith
Systems
IMT-2020 would communications
be able to provide 1 ms over-the-air latency, capable of supporting services
The 5G System – Phase 1 V2x Phase 3: Platooning, NR Sidelink enh. Connection density very
Latency RAN
low latency Slicing
requirements. IMT-2020 is also expected to enable high mobility up to 500Services
5GC LoCation km/h
ITU-R WP 5D – 3GPP Workshop on 5G “RWS-150035”
extended sensors, automated 52.6 - 71 GHz with existing waveform with acceptableEnh.
QoS.for
This is envisioned
small data in particular for high speed trains. Multimedia Priority Service (MPS)
Massive MTC and Internet of Things
driving, remote driving M.2083-04
6 2
5G according
IMT-2020: to 3GPP
3GPP New Radio (5G)
3GPP New Radio (5G): la standardizzazione
5G Communication Systems
5G fase 2
Non-Terrestrial Network
NB-IoT via NTN
(fase normativa)
3GPP, “Release 16,” available at https://www.3gpp.org
Source: 3GPP, “Release 16,” available at https://www.3gpp.org
- e.g. Subway / Stadium Service, eHealth, Wearables, Inventory Control
4) Network Operation
3GPP New Radio (5G): la standardizzazione
- e.g. Network Slicing, Routing, Migration and Interworking, Energy Saving
5) Enhancement of Vehicle-to-Everything
- e.g. Autonomous Driving, safety and non-safety aspects associated with vehicle
• 3GPP Study Item su “New Services and Markets Technology Enablers”
Conceptual diagrams depicting these FS_SMARTER service dimensions appear below. Each of the 5
the directions of service improvements that FS_SMARTER is proposing.
– identificazione di verticali e segmenti di mercato, use case e relativi requisiti
– 74 use case raggruppati in 5 direzioni principali
• mMTC: TR 22.861
• Critical Communications: TR 22.862
• eMBB: TR 22.863
• Network Operation: TR 22.864 Industry Robot
/ Drone
• eV2X: TR 22.886
Game / Sports
• 38.xxx: specifiche tecniche Massive MTC
– air interface
– architettura
– canale
– ...
Vehicle /
autonomous
driving
3GPP TR 22.891, “Feasibility Study on New Services and Markets Technology Enablers; Stage 1 (Release 14),” Sep. 2016
Figure 4-1: FS_SMARTER service dimension
Rivoluzione della air interface ...
M-MIMO & beamforming
above & below 6 GHz miglioramento di capacità e
10x/100x incremento di copertura
capacità
dynamic duplexing
migliore efficienza, service
tailoring
flexible numerology & frame
riduzione dei ritardi, maggiore
efficienza, service tailoring
advanced channel coding
adattabilità a CP/UP e lunghezza
dei pacchetti NOMA & spectrum access
policy
miglioramento della capacità
... e dell’infrastruttura di rete
Release 15 6 3GPP TR 38.806 V15.0.0 (2017-12)
3) Study the necessary protocol functions down to the procedure and message level related to the possible identified
solutions e.g. a standardised control plane interface to enable set-up, modification, and release of the DRB
related resources in the CU-UP, including handling of security keys in the CU-UP for RAN security activation
and configuration. This also needs to take the agreed F1 interface general principle, and gNB-CU/DU
• 5G: la Next Generation Core network (NGC) è realizzata tramite network functions, che architecture principle into account.
possono venire virtualizzate ed implementate su
5 un Interface
cloud functions and procedures
– Network Function Virtualization
5.1 Introduction
– Orchestration The third objective of the SI is reported in the following [1]:
– Network Slicing - "Study the necessary protocol functions down to the procedure and message level related to the possible
identified solutions e.g. a standardised control plane interface to enable set-up, modification, and release of the
DRB related resources in the CU-UP, including handling of security keys in the CU-UP for RAN security
activation and configuration. This also needs to take the agreed F1 interface general principle, and gNB-CU/DU
Release 14 10 into account."
architecture principle 3GPP TR 38.804 V14.0.0 (2017-03)
In this clause, the functions and procedures of the open interface between CU-CP and CU-UP are discussed.
• Architettura con due caratteristiche principali: NextGen Core NextGen Core NextGen Core
5.2 Interface Name
– diverse combinazioni di un Master Node (MN),
CP +
CP +
The open interface between CU-CP and CU-UP is named E1.
UP
UP
un Secondary Node (SN), ed un tipo di core network
UP
UP
5.3 Architecture
CP + UP CP + UP
• permette di realizzare diverse evoluzioni di rete da 4G a 5G
NR gNB The architectureNRisgNB
eLTE eNB
depicted in Figure 5.3-1. NR gNB
NR gNB
1) NR gNB connected to 2) Data flow aggregation across
3) Data flow aggregation across
NextGen Core NR gNB and eLTE eNB via
NR gNBs via NextGen Core
NextGen Core
– suddivisione del gNB in più parti CU-CP
CU-UP
Figure 4.1.2.1-1: CN-RAN deployment scenarios where NR gNB is a master node
E1
• separazione in centralised and distributed units (O-RAN)
4.1.2.2 LTE eNB as a master node
• separazione delle unità in CP and UP Figure 4.1.2.2-1 illustrates the following scenarios where LTE eNB acts asF1-C
a master node: F1-U
1) Data transport through LTE eNB and/or NR gNB via EPC.
DU DU
gNBRAN. U-plane data is routed to RAN directly
For this scenario, there exists one C-plane connection between CN and
through CN on a bearer basis (green line in Figure 4.1.2.2-1). Alternatively, U-plane data flow in the same bearer is
3GPP TR 38.804, “Study on New Radio Access Technology; Radio InterfacetPhroutgohcoClNAospneacbtesa(rRerebleaasise(g1r4ee),n”lMineairn.
split at RAN (red line in Figure 4.1.2.2-1). 2F0ig1u7re
Figure 4.1.2.2RAN architecture with CU-CP and CU-UP separation
5.3-1: Overall
The architecture in Figure 5.2-1 is described as follows:
Network slicing
• Ogni fetta (slice) della rete ha il proprio set di parametri, ai quali la rete si dovrà
adattare in modo da garantire il servizio richiesto dallo specifico utente
– una network slice è una istanza della rete, ovvero una rete virtuale
– abilita fornitori diversi di servizi diversi, a partire dalla stessa rete
Viavi solutions, “5G Network Slicing,” https://www.viavisolutions.com/en-us/5g-network-slicing
Private network e smart building • La rete 5G riveste un ruolo primario per la realizzazione di smart city e smart building – non si tratta solo di poter sfruttare elevate velocità di connessione e basse latenze – permette anche di collegare un incredibile numero di dispositivi e di processare le informazioni in tempo reale • I sensori costituiranno il sistema nervoso centrale della struttura, permettendo – ottimizzazione in tempo reale – ottimizzazione predittiva – il tutto sfruttando nuove tecnologie come Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence e computer vision • La capacità della rete 5G di abbinarsi e unire tali tecnologie, IoT, reti private ed edge computing sarà fondamentale
5G & smart building: sports/entertainment
Rolling Vendor Kiosk Portable Video Portable Ingress: Unwired Sound
Point-of-Sale Sites AI/Analytics Scanning / Facial Rec. Control Networks
Team
Mobile In-Event Dedicated Volumetric Video
Communications &
Video Cameras Fan Engagement Collection & Delivery
Play Reviews
Enhanced Analytics Portable Signage Security & Operations Athlete Monitoring
Mobile Cellular
Top Social Usage: Gigabytes Time: 03:20:00 to Present Active Mobile Devices
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Avg. Speeds Devices
13.3M 11,041
12.4M 2,452
12.8M 135
Stadium Totals
Start Time: 03:20:00
Elapsed: 02:25:31
Data Transferred:
102.085 TB
Identified Devices:
72,056
Courtesy of JMA Wireless in the framework of the JMA-UniBo research agreement5G & smart building: Levi’s® Stadium - San Francisco 49ers (NFL)
PROJECT INFO
Name: SF 49ers Levi’s Stadium, Santa Clara, CA
Description: New 68,500 seat, 1.85M sq. ft. state-of-the art stadium
78 Sectors LTE à now upgraded to 5G
NO Rip and Replace NOR Hardware SWAP to get the 5G
Courtesy of JMA Wireless in the framework of the JMA-UniBo research agreement5G & smart building: imprese
• JMA Wireless virtualized 4G & 5G solution
– deploy 4G as needed by the venue
5G mmW
– seamless XRAN upgrade to 5G
– densify hot-spot areas with 5G mmW
5G mid-band 3.5 GHz
4G low band
5G mmW
Upgrades
Automatic
5G mmW
5G
5G
Core
100% SW
4G
Core
Courtesy of JMA Wireless in the framework of the JMA-UniBo research agreementConclusioni
• L’infrastruttura di telecomunicazioni è oggi una materia prima che evolve insieme alla
trasformazione digitale di industria, società ed economia
– EC: nel 2025, il PIL relativo all’introduzione del 5G potrà raggiungere i 113 miliardi di euro
– investimenti per 56 miliardi di euro potrebbero portare a 2.3 milioni di nuovi posti di lavoro
• La definizione dello standard 5G ha richiesto un cambio radicale di paradigma nella
progettazione e delle tecnologie nella CN e nella RAN
– virtualizzazione
– eterogeneità, scalabilità e adattabilità
– network slicing
– Non-Terrestrial Network
• Il 5G è un pilastro per i mercati verticali, tra i quali smart city e smart building saranno
tra i più importanti
– la rete LTE continuerà comunque a svolgere un ruolo primario sia per i servizi sia per l’introduzione del 5G
• La strada verso B5G/6G è già intrapresa...Alessandro Guidotti
Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Energia Elettrica e dell’Informazione «Guglielmo Marconi»
a.guidotti@unibo.it
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