In-Text Citations MLA Citations & Works Cited, 8th Edition, 2016 Update - Dutchess ...
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MLA Citations & Works Cited, 8th Edition, 2016 Update
In-Text Citations
In MLA style, a student must refer to material that is taken from the work of
others by using parenthetical citations. To do this, a student must place
identifying information about their source in parentheses after a quote or a
paraphrase.
Parenthetical citations must correspond to the source information listed on the
Works Cited page. This means that the information you place inside your
parenthetical citations must reflect the listed author (or possibly title, if no author
is listed) and page numbers (if available) of the corresponding entry in the Works
Cited List.
In-text citations for sources with a single author
MLA format stipulates that the author's last name and the page number(s) from
which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the student’s text. The
author's name may be incorporated into the sentence itself or placed in
parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase. The page number(s) must
always be placed inside the parentheses. For example:
o Poe states that, for him, "poetry has not been a purpose, but a passion" (771).
o Examining poems like “The Raven” and “Lenore” reveal a creative mind for
which "poetry has not been a purpose, but a passion " (Poe 771).
o Poe placed an emphasis on the powerful emotions driving the creation of his
poetry (771).
The parenthetical citations in the above examples tell readers that the
information in the sentence can be located on page 771 of a work by an author
named Poe. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to
the Works Cited page, where they would find the following entry:
o Poe, Edgar Allan. Complete Tales & Poems, Castle Books, 2002.
In-text citations for a work by multiple authors
For a source with two authors, list the authors’ last names in the text or in the
parenthetical citation:
o Maimon and Yancey argue that while college composition courses are helpful in
providing students with foundational skills for their writing, many more lessons
about effective writing will be derived from other classes, cocurricular
experiences, and personal situations (14).
o The authors claim composition courses are helpful to incoming college students,
but that an individual’s “development as a writer only begins there” (Maimon
and Yancey 14). For a source with three or more authors, list only the first author’s last name,
and replace the additional names with et al.
o According to Tomik et al, “Current studies of college students reveal a 15%
decrease in spelling proficiency between 2010-2020” (187).
o The authors claim that current college students are markedly worse spellers than
those students of a decade prior (Tomik et al. 187).
In-text citations for sources with no known author
When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work in place of
the author’s last name inside your parenthetical citation. Place the title in
quotation marks and provide a page number (if available).
o In order to help combat the spread of the virus, the CDC has prepared “more than
23 guidance documents on infection control, hospital preparedness assessments,
personal protective equipment (PPE) supply planning, and clinical evaluation and
management” ("CDC in Action").
This parenthetical citation would lead the reader to the Works Cited page, where
the full title and other identifying information would appear in the complete entry:
o "CDC in Action: Preparing Communities for Potential Spread of COVID-19."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 Feb. 2020, www.cdc.gov/
coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/preparing-communities.html.
In-text citations for electronic sources
Because electronic sources do not generally possess page numbers, page
numbers are not required in your in-text citation. Instead, you will signal your
source by including in parentheses your author’s name or the shortened title of
the piece if the author’s name is not available, as above).
o The Democrat & Chronicle reports that “the number of uninsured New Yorkers
has fallen by 1.2 million since NY State of Health started in 2013" (Spector).
o The CDC recommends that “long-term care facilities should be vigilant to prevent
the introduction and spread of COVID-19” (“People at Risk for Serious
Illness”).
In-text citations for indirect sources
An indirect source is a source cited within another source Generally, a
researcher will attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an indirect
source, but sometimes this proves difficult. In these cases, an indirect quotation
can be used, but the students must place "qtd. in" with the parenthetical citation
to indicate the source you actually consulted.
o Gloom claims that colleges often strive to "serve as hubs of culture and learning
for the communities they reside in" (qtd. in Doomsbury 18).MLA Works Cited Page: Guidelines & Format
(10 Most Frequently Used Source Types)
A BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR
Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Publication Year.
Hawthorne, James. Ghosts: A Frightening History. Penguin, 2018.
______________________________________________________________________________
A BOOK WITH MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR
For two authors:
Last name, First name, and Second Author’s Name. Title. Publisher, Publication
Year.
Garland, Pam, and Neil Breen. Studying Made Simple. HMH Books, 2005.
For three or more authors, list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for "and others")
in place of the remaining authors' names:
Courtland, Robert, et al. Writing for the Stage: A Compositional Theory of Drama.
Cambridge UP, 1988.
______________________________________________________________________________
A TRANSLATED BOOK
Last name, First name. Title. Translated by Translator’s Name, Publisher, Year.
Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Emily Wilson, Norton, 2017.AN EDITION OF A BOOK
For an edition other than the first:
Last name, First name (and any additional author names). Title. Edition number,
Publisher, Year.
Pommler, Claire and Bernard Brothers. Art Through the Ages: A Critical Guide. 8th ed.,
Pearson, 2016.
For a work prepared by an editor:
Last name, First name. Title. Edited by Editor’s Name, Publisher, Year.
Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities: A Norton Critical Edition. Edited by Robert
Douglas-Fairhurst, Norton, 2019.
______________________________________________________________________________
A WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY, REFERENCE, OR COLLECTION
Last name, First name. "Title of Essay." Title of Collection (+ edition number, if
present), edited by Editor's Name(s), Publisher, Year, Page range of entry.
Pacheco, Anne. "Street Vendors: Harvest of Dreams." Back to the Lake: A Reader and
Guide, 4th ed., edited by Thomas Cooley, Norton, 2020, pp. 273-77.
______________________________________________________________________________
A JOURNAL ARTICLE FROM AN ONLINE DATABASE
Last name, First name. “Title.” Journal Title, volume number, issue number, date of
publication, page range. Database name, DOI or URL.
Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England.” Historical
Journal, vol. 50, no. 1, 2007, pp. 173-96. ProQuest, doi:10.1017/S0018246X0600
5966.A PAGE ON A WEB SITE
Last name, First name (if available). “Title.” Website, Date of creation, URL
(without the http://). (Access date, if no date of creation).
Spector, Joseph. "NY State of Health enrollment is starting: What you need to know this
year." Democrat & Chronicle, 31 Oct. 2019, www.democratandchronicle.com/
story/news/politics/albany/2019/10/31/enrollment-starting-ny-state-health-what-
you-need-know-obamacare/4110663002/.
"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Summary.” Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 7 March 2020, www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-
nCoV/summary.html.
______________________________________________________________________________
A YOUTUBE VIDEO
Last name, First name (if different from uploader). “Title.” Youtube, uploaded by
Uploader name, Date of upload, URL.
“10 Tips for Writing Better Science Industry Resumes.” YouTube, uploaded by
American Society for Microbiology, 21 Nov. 2018, https://www.
youtube.com/watch?v=LOor5X-YIkg.
Sarkeesian, Anita. “Fembots, Advertising and Male Fantasy.” YouTube, uploaded by
Feminist Frequency, 20 April 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
eCUrtFnofQM
______________________________________________________________________________
A PERSONAL INTERVIEW
Last name, First name (person interviewed). Personal interview. Date of interview.
Smith, Chima. Personal interview. 31 Oct 2018.
______________________________________________________________________________
A FILM OR MOVIE
Title. Directed by Director’s name, performances by Actor’s name, Actor’s name,
and Actor’s name (if relevant), Studio/Distributor name, Year of Release.Sample Works Cited Page
A Works Cited should be separate from the body of your essay. Thus (unlike the
example on this sheet), it should begin at the top line of a brand new page.
Title is ‘Works Cited’ or ‘Work Cited’ (if only containing one citation), not
‘Bibliography’. Center title on page. No bold, italics, or underline.
Title and entries are the same font size (12 point).
Double spaced throughout.
Alphabetize entries.
Indent every line after the first in each individual entry. (Place cursor at end of
first line, press ‘Enter/Return’ on keyboard, then press ‘tab’. If entry extends
beyond second line, place cursor at the beginning of every following line and press
‘tab’.)
All entries end with a period.
Works Cited
“10 Tips for Writing Better Science Industry Resumes.” YouTube, uploaded by American
Society for Microbiology, 21 Nov. 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOor5X-
YIkg.
Courtland, Robert, et al. Writing for the Stage: A Compositional Theory of Drama. Cambridge
UP, 1988.
Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England.” Historical
Journal, vol. 50, no. 1, 2007, pp. 173-96. ProQuest, doi:10.1017/S0018246X0600 5966.
Pacheco, Anne. "Street Vendors: Harvest of Dreams." Back to the Lake: A Reader and
Guide, 4th ed., edited by Thomas Cooley, Norton, 2020, pp. 273-77.
Spector, Joseph. "NY State of Health enrollment is starting: What you need to know this year."
Democrat & Chronicle, 31 Oct. 2019, www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/
politics/albany/2019/10/31/enrollment-starting-ny-state-health-what-you-need-know-
obamacare/4110663002/.You can also read
